England in America, 1580-1652

by Lyon Gardiner Tyler

INDEX

Acadia, Argall's raid, 72, 149, 289;
attacks on Plymouth posts, 176, 177;
settlement, 287;
English grant and rule, 289;
restored to France, 290;
La Tour-Aulnay dissension, 290, 306-309;
bibliography, 337.
Agamenticus. See York.
Alexander, Sir William, grants, 207, 289, 294;
expedition against Canada, 289;
protests restoration, 290.
Antinomian controversy, 219-228;
Anne Hutchinson's doctrines, 219;
factions, 220, 221;
ministerial conferences, 220, 225;
political aspect, 221-225;
Antinomians banished, 226-228;
effect, 228.
Archer, Gabriel, in Virginia, 43, 52, 54, 63.
Argall, Samuel, relieves Virginia, 59, 63, 68;
deputy governor, 70, 77;
captures Pocahontas, 71;
raids on Acadia, 72, 149, 289;
tyranny, 77, 78;
colonizing plan, 292.
Assistants, in Plymouth, 179;
in Massachusetts, elective, 188, 203;
permanent tenure, 201, 202;
as a court, 202, 203;
legislative power, 203;
in Connecticut, 258;
tenure, 259.
Aulnay, Sieur d', in Acadia, quarrel with La Tour 290, 306-309.
Baltimore, Cecilius, Lord, early years, character, 123;
power as proprietary, 123-126;
religious toleration, 125, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144;
control of legislation, 131, 133;
and Kent Island affair, 135-138;
deposed by king, 142, 145;
and Parliament, 143, 145-147.
Baltimore, George, Lord, early years, 118;
settlement in Newfoundland, 118, 119;
Catholic, 119;
ennobled, 119;
in Virginia, 119;
seeks grant in Virginia, 119-121;
first charter, 121;
opposition of Virginia, 120-123;
Maryland charter, 121;
death, 122.
Baptists, in Rhode Island, 237;
persecuted in Massachusetts, 238.
Bennett, Richard, commissioner, 111, 112;
governor of Virginia, 113;
in Maryland, 147.
Berkeley, Sir William, royalist governor of Virginia, 105;
and Puritans, 106, 108;
and parliamentary commission, 112.
Bermudas, Gates at, 62.
Bibliographies of period 1574-1652, 328.
Bicameral legislatures, 93, 133, 203, 258.
Boston, Blackstone's house, 175;
settled, 198.
Boundaries, Virginia charter (1606), 37; (1609), 61;
Maryland charter, 121;
New England charter, 152;
Plymouth, 173;
Massachusetts charter, 184, 270, 279;
Rhode Island charter, 235;
New Netherland charter, 292, 313;
Massachusetts-Plymouth, 298;
Massachusetts-Connecticut, 304;
New England-New Netherland, 313, 314.
Bradford, William, Separatist, 156;
in Leyden, 158;
emigrates, 160;
governor of Plymouth, 164.
Brewster, William, Separatist, 155;
in Leyden, 157;
emigrates, 160;
minister in Plymouth, 181.
Brooke, Lord, grant in Connecticut, 248;
buys Dover, 268, 271.
Cabot, John, voyage, 6.
Cabot, Sebastian, and English trade, 8.
Calvert, Leonard, governor of Maryland, 126;
Kent Island affair, 135-138;
letters of marque, 140;
driven from Maryland, 141;
regains control, 142;
death, 143.
Cambridge platform, 320, 321.
Canada, French voyages, 284;
Roberval's colony, 285;
colonizing company, 286;
Quebec settled, 288;
origin of Iroquois hostility, 288;
company reorganized, 288;
supplies captured, 289;
Alexander's grant, 289;
English capture, 290;
restored to France, 290;
and Massachusetts' trade, 309;
bibliography, 337.
Cape Ann, Plymouth claim, 170;
Dorchester settlers, 170;
trouble, 171;
settlement moved, 183.
Cartier, Jacques, voyages, 284, 285.
Carver, John, Separatist, in Leyden, 158;
seeks patent, 150;
emigrates, 160;
governor of Plymouth, 161;
death, 164.
Casco. See Falmouth.
Catholics, in Maryland, 126, 139, 140;
missionaries in Canada, 287, 288, 290.
Cavendish, Thomas, voyage, 13;
with Raleigh's colony, 23.
Challons, Henry, attempted settlement, 39.
Champlain, Samuel, first visit to Canada, 286;
in Acadia, 287;
settles Quebec, 288;
attacks Iroquois, 288;
surrenders, 290;
return to Canada, 290.
Chancellor, Richard, voyage, 8.
Charles I., and Virginia, 91-96, 99, 105, 120;
and Baltimore, 120;
and Kent Island, 136-138;
and Massachusetts, 204-209.
Charlestown, Walford's settlement, 175;
laid out, named, 190;
sickness, 196, 198.
Charters, Merchant Adventurers (1554), 8;
trading (1566), 14;
Gilbert (1578), 15;
Raleigh (1584), 22;
Virginia (1606), 36-38; (1609), 59-61; (1612), 76; annulled, 88;
Virginia parliamentary, 105;
Maryland (1632), 122-126;
New England (1620), 152; resigned, 207;
Massachusetts, (1629), 188, 189;
Rhode Island (1644), 235;
Gorges (1637), 275.
See also Grants.
Chelsea, settled, 175.
Church of England in Virginia, 80, 106;
improved ministry, 110.
Claiborne, William, Kent Island settlement, 95, 134;
and Harvey, 96;
commissioner, 111, 112;
opposes Baltimore's charter, 121;
career, 121;
denies Baltimore's authority, 135;
arrest ordered, 136;
appeals to king, 136, 137;
conflict on island, 136;
treachery of Evelin, 137;
island seized, 138;
attainted, 138;
claim invalidated, 138;
property confiscated, 138;
return to Kent Island, 142;
ascendency in Maryland, 147.
Cocheco. See Dover.
Coddington, William, in Rhode Island, 229, 237;
royal commission, 237, 238.
Colonies, English, Gilbert's charter, 15;
immunities, 16;
Gilbert's attempts, 16-21;
debt to Raleigh, 32;
Gosnold and Gilbert's attempt, 34;
joint-stock companies, 36;
royal administration, 96, 206;
connected history, 282;
bibliography, 329-331;
bibliography on religious influences, 338;
bibliography on social and economic conditions, 338.
See also colonies and companies by name.
Colonies, French. See Acadia, Canada.
Colonies, Spanish, influence on Spain, 4;
and Hawkins, 9, 10;
Drake's attacks, 11, 12;
Cavendish plunders, 13;
bibliography on English relations, 337.
Commission for Foreign Plantations, 96, 206.
Communism in Virginia, 59, 73, 77, 79;
in Plymouth, 167.
Conant, Roger, in Massachusetts, 170, 171, 183.
Congregationalism, beginnings, 154;
established in Massachusetts, 190, 196, 201, 202, 210;
disclaimed, 194, 197;
Massachusetts clergy, 200, 205;
opposition, 211, 212;
Antinomian controversy, 219-228;
in Connecticut, 258;
in New Haven, 263;
Cambridge platform, 320;
effect, 321.
See also Pilgrims.
Connecticut, elements, 239;
Plymouth's interest, 240-242, 245;
Dutch in, 241, 249, 310, 316;
migration from Massachusetts, 242-247;
settled by organized communities, 247;
Saltonstall's settlement, 248;
Saybrook, 249;
union of settlements, 250;
Pequot War, 251-257;
Fundamental Orders, 257-259;
suffrage, 258;
theocracy, 258;
tenure of office, 259;
growth, 259, 260;
acquires Fenwick patent, 260;
population (1653), 260;
Massachusetts boundary, 304;
river tolls, 304-306;
bibliography, 335.
See also New England.
Constitutions, Connecticut (1639), 257-259.
Cotton, John, in Massachusetts, 205;
character, 218, 243, 321;
and Antinomianism, 220, 223, 226, 227;
death, 321.
Council in Maryland, 129.
See also Assistants.
Council for New England, charter, 152;
territory, 152;
patent to Plymouth, 164;
grant to Weston, 166;
fishing monopoly endangered, 167;
temporary activity, 168;
division, 168, 185;
discouraged, 169;
grant to Massachusetts, 184;
conflicting grants, 185;
redivision, 207;
resigns charter, 207;
grants to Mason and Gorges, 266, 268;
other Maine grants, 274-277.
See also Plymouth Company.
Courts, Maryland, 129;
New England codes, 180, 203, 326;
assistants, in Massachusetts, 202, 203;
New Haven, 265.
Dale, Sir Thomas, deputy governor of Virginia, policy and discipline, 70;
and Indians, 71;
expeditions against French, 72;
abolishes communism, 73;
departs, 74.
Davenport, John, purpose, 260;
in Boston, 261;
settles New Haven, 261;
organizes government, 262.
Davis, John, voyages, 15.
Delaware, Lord, governor of Virginia, 61, 78;
arrival, 67, 68;
administration, 68, 69;
death, 78.
Delaware River, named, 72;
Dutch on, 293;
Dutch and Virginians, 294;
Swedes on, 296;
New Haven on, 296, 311, 315.
Denys, Jean, voyage, 284.
Dorchester, settled, 198;
restless, 242;
emigration to Connecticut, 245, 246;
settles Windsor, 247;
town government, 323.
Dorchester adventurers, settlement, 170;
renewed activity, 183;
patent, 184.
See also Massachusetts.
Dover (Cocheco), settlement, 175, 267;
feeble existence, 268;
Puritans control, 268;
Antinomian settlers, 269;
dissensions, 269;
civil contract, 270;
annexed by Massachusetts, 271.
Drake, Sir Francis, with Hawkins, 10;
early years, 10;
attack on Panama, 11;
on Pacific settlements, 12;
circumnavigation, 12;
Elizabeth's reception, 13;
rescues Raleigh's colony, 25.
Dudley, Thomas, agrees to emigrate, 193;
deputy governor of Massachusetts, 193, 224;
disclaims Separatism, 197;
governor, 200, 215.
Eaton, Theophilus, purpose, 260;
governor of New Haven, 263.
Economic condition, England (1606), 39;
Virginia (1648), 110;
New England (1652), 322;
money in New England, 325.
Education, in Virginia, 116, 117;
in Maryland, 147;
in Plymouth, 181;
public, in Massachusetts, 323;
Harvard College, 324;
in Connecticut, 324;
extent in New England, 325.
Eliot, John, contumacy, 211;
Indian mission, 303.
Elizabeth, and Hawkins, 10;
and Drake, 13;
and Frobisher, 14;
and Gilbert, 15, 18;
and Raleigh, 21;
names Virginia, 23;
support of Protestantism, 28;
and Puritans, 153.
Endicott, John, grantee, 184;
at Salem, 186;
suppresses Merry Mount, 186;
anticipates Oldham, 190;
Congregationalist, 190;
banishes Conformists, 191;
and Morton, 192;
defaces flag, 206;
expedition against Pequots, 252;
character, 321.
England, spirit of progress, 3, 4;
religious conditions, 5;
Spanish rivalry, 5;
claim to America, 6;
unprepared for colonization, 7;
fisheries, 7;
trade development (1550) 8;
slave-trade, 8-10;
trade under Mary, 9;
private attacks on Spanish colonies, 10-13;
search for northwest passage, 14;
Spanish war, 28-30, 35;
Armada, 30;
economic condition (1606), 39;
Puritanism, 153;
Separatism, 154-156;
and French colonies, 289;
and New Netherland, 292;
bibliography on Spanish relations, 337.
See also colonies, and sovereigns by name.
Evelin, George, and Kent Island, 137.
Exeter, settled, 269;
civil contract, 270;
annexed by Massachusetts, 272.
Falmouth (Casco), Cleves at, 277;
submits to Massachusetts, 281.
Fenwick, George, patent, 260, 304.
Ferdinando, Simon, voyage, 17.
Fisheries, English interests, 9;
New England monopoly, 168.
Frobisher, Martin, voyages, 14.
Fur-trade, New England monopoly, 168;
French grants, 286, 287;
Dutch, 291, 293.
Gates, Sir Thomas, governor of Virginia, 61, 70;
at Bermudas, 62;
at Jamestown, 62, 67.
Gilbert, Bartholomew, attempted colony, 34.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, purpose, 6;
early years, 13;
first efforts, 14;
pamphlet, 14;
charter, 15;
first expedition, 16;
preparation for second, 17;
second, 18-21;
death, 20.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, career, 151;
colonial activity, 151;
opposition to Massachusetts, 187, 204-209;
grants, 207, 266, 268;
general governor, 208;
Massachusetts annexes grant, 209, 279, 280;
settlements in territory, 272-274, 276, 277;
charter and regulations, 275;
and Plough patent, 277, 278;
death, 278.
Gorges, John, patent, 187;
grant to Oldham, 187;
heir, 274.
Gorges, Robert, settlement, 168;
and Weston, 169;
grant, 185, 186;
heir, 187.
Gorton, Samuel, settlement, 230, 233;
character, 232;
trouble with Massachusetts, 232-234;
banished, 234;
return, 234.
Gosnold, Bartholomew, attempted colony, 34;
in Virginia, 42, 49;
death, 51.
Governors, Virginia, under charter, 61, 79, 80;
elective, in Plymouth, 179;
in Massachusetts, 199, 202;
in Connecticut, 258, 259;
in New Haven, 263, 264.
Grants, Heath (1629), 120;
Pilgrims, 159, 164, 172;
Weston (1622), 166;
Pierce (1623), 167;
Massachusetts (1628), 184;
conflicting, 185;
Mason and Gorges (1622), 185, 266; (1629), 267, 268; (1631), 268;
R. Gorges (1622) 185;
Sheffield (1623) 185;
E. Gorges (1623), 185;
division of New England (1635), 207;
Say and Brooke (1631), 248;
various, in Maine, 274, 276;
Plough, 277;
Monts. (1604), 286;
Alexander (1621, 1628), 289;
Plowden (1632), 294.
See also Charters.
Grenville, Sir Richard, and Gilbert's plan, 15;
conducts Raleigh's colony, 23, 26;
captures Spanish ship, 24;
death, 24.
Hakluyt, Richard, and Gilbert's plan, 15, 17;
Western Planting, 22;
buys trade right, 31;
trade venture, 35;
instructions to settlers, 42.
Hanham, Thomas, voyage, 39.
Hartford, Dutch fort, 241, 310, 316;
English settlers, 247.
Harvard College, 324.
Harvey, John, governor of Virginia, 93;
conduct, 96;
deposed, 97, 136;
reinstated, 98;
called to account, 104.
Hawkins, Sir John, slave-trade, 9;
attacked by Spanish, 10.
Hawkins, William, slave-trade, 8.
Haynes, John, governor of Connecticut, 200;
effort for confederation, 297.
Higginson, Francis, minister at Salem, 191;
death, 198.
Hooker, Thomas, in Massachusetts, 205;
liberality, 243;
goes to Connecticut, 247;
effort for confederation, 297.
Hore, voyage, 7.
Houses, Virginia, 114.
Hudson, Henry, voyage, 291.
Hutchinson, Anne, doctrine, 219;
following and controversy, 220-225;
punishment of followers, 225, 226;
banished, 226-228;
in Rhode Island, 228;
under surveillance, 231;
removes, 231;
slain, 231.
Indians, and Raleigh's colony, 27, 28;
Virginia confederacies, 44, 45;
houses, 45;
religion, 45;
adoption of victims, 46-48;
maidens' dance, 48;
and Virginia, 49, 51, 65, 66, 68, 71;
massacres in Virginia, 85, 107;
peace, 108;
and Maryland, 127, 136, 139;
pestilence in New England, 152;
and Plymouth, 163-165, 177;
and Massachusetts, 200;
Roger Williams's influence, 213, 217, 253;
Narragansett-Mohegan war, 233, 301;
Pequot War, 251-257;
and French, 288;
and New England Confederation, 300-302;
New England missions, 302-304;
number of praying, 304;
Dutch war, 296, 311.
Ingle, Richard, in Maryland, 141.
Iroquois, and English, 256;
origin of hostility to French, 288.
James I., and London Company, 82, 83, 86-88, 90;
and Separatists, 155;
and Pilgrims, 159.
Jamestown, founded, 50;
burned, 53;
in 1634, 101;
improved houses, 102.
Kent Island, occupied, 95;
Virginia's claim, 134;
Baltimore's authority denied, 135;
seizure ordered, 136;
conflict, 136;
royal order, 137;
Evelin's treachery, 137;
reduced by Calvert, 138;
decreed to Baltimore, 138;
Claiborne's return, 142.
Kieft, William, governor of New Netherland, 296;
and New England, 310-312.
Kittery, settlement, 278;
submits to Massachusetts, 280.
Land, allotment in Virginia, 79;
manors in Maryland, 130;
division in Plymouth, 167;
in Massachusetts, 189;
Williams's objection to titles, 213, 214.
La Roche, Marquis de, colony, 286.
La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, quarrel with Aulnay, 290, 306-309;
Massachusetts aids, 291, 306-309.
Legislation, of Virginia's first assembly, 80;
on tobacco, 103;
initiative in Maryland, 131, 133;
Maryland Toleration Act, 144;
New England codes, 180, 203, 326;
initiative in Massachusetts, 203;
New England sumptuary, 326.
Lery, Baron de, attempted settlement, 284.
Literature in New England, 327.
London Company, charter, 36-38;
patron, 37;
government, 37-39;
new charter, 59-61;
third charter, 76;
self-government, 76;
policy, 76;
control, 81;
and the king, 82;
Sandys's enterprise, 82;
overthrow, 86-88;
service, 88;
loyalty of colony, 89;
attempts to restore, 91, 95, 104-106;
patents to Pilgrims, 159.
See also Virginia.
Long Island, Plowden's grant, 294;
Alexander's grant, 294;
English settlements, 296.
Lyford, John, in Plymouth and Massachusetts, 170, 171.
Lynn, settled, 198.
Mace, Samuel, voyage, 33.
Maine, Popham's colony, 40, 41;
grants, 207, 266, 268, 274-277;
Massachusetts annexes, 209, 279-281;
settlements, 267, 273;
origin of name, 272;
Gorges's charter and regulations, 275;
Massachusetts buys a patent, 276;
Plough patent resisted and arbitrated, 277, 278;
union of Gorges's settlements, 278;
results of annexation, 281;
bibliography, 336.
Manhattan purchased, 293.
Manors in Maryland, 129, 130.
Manufactures, New England, 322.
Maps, Virginia (1608), 57;
New England (1614), 150.
Maryland, Virginia's protest, 96, 122;
Puritan settlers, 109, 144;
charter, 121, 122;
boundaries, 121;
named, 122;
power of proprietary, 123-126;
legislative power, 125;
religious freedom, 125, 139, 140, 143, 144;
first settlers, 126;
leaving England, 126;
and Indians, 127, 136, 139;
settlement, 127;
conditions favoring growth, 128;
servants, 128;
rural society, 129;
government, 129;
manors, 130;
democracy, 130;
origin of laws, 131, 133;
composition of assembly, 133;
Kent Island affair, 134-139;
Catholic propaganda, 139;
and Great Rebellion, 140;
and Ingle, 141;
Protestant revolt, 141, 142;
Calvert regains control, 142;
Stone governor, 143;
and Parliament, 143, 145-147;
oath of fidelity, 145;
parliamentary control, 147;
population (1652), 147;
social conditions, 147;
bibliography, 332-334.
Mason, John, grants, 185, 207, 266-268;
opposition to Massachusetts, 204-208;
death, 208;
Massachusetts annexes grant, 209, 271, 272;
settlements in territory, 268-270.
Mason, John, in Pequot War, 254-256.
Massachusetts, trade with Virginia, 104;
minor settlements, 166, 168, 170, 175;
Dorchester adventurers, 170, 183;
Merry Mount, 174, 186, 192, 197;
religion not primary interest, 184;
patent, 184, 185;
boundaries, 184, 270;
conflicting grants, 185;
Salem reinforced, 186;
government for colonists, 189;
land allotment, 189;
and Oldham's claim, 187, 190;
charter, government, 188, 189;
Congregationalism established, 190, 192, 196, 201, 202, 210;
religious persecution, 191, 201, 211, 237, 319;
government transferred to America, 193;
great emigration, cause, 193-195;
sickness, 195, 196, 198, 199;
towns (1630), 198;
first general court, 199;
governors, 199;
and Indians, 200;
rise of theocracy, 200-202;
quality of clergy, 200, 205;
assistants usurp power, 201;
restricted suffrage, 202, 210, 211;
criminal law, 202;
representation established, 202, 203;
popular elections, 203;
origin of laws, 203;
code, 203;
opposition in England, 204-209;
temporarily sustained, 204;
and Laud, 205;
increased immigration, 205;
population (1634), 205; (1643), 209;
charter demanded, 205, 208;
prepares for resistance, 206;
and English flag, 206;
petition, 206;
judgment against, frustrated, 208;
annexes New Hampshire and Maine, 209, 271, 272, 279-281;
opposition to religious despotism, 211, 212;
Williams incident, 212-218;
religious regulations, 218;
Antinomian controversy, 219-228;
its effect, 228;
and Rhode Island, 230, 231, 235-238;
and Gorton, 232-235;
parliamentary grant, 235;
and settlement of Connecticut, 240-242;
emigration to Connecticut, 242-247;
opposition to restricted suffrage, 243, 271, 319;
and Pequot War, 251-253, 256;
and Davenport's colony, 261;
buys a Maine patent, 276;
arbitrates on Plough patent, 277;
influence of annexations, 281;
and La Tour, 291, 306-309;
boundary disputes, 298, 304;
and trade with Canada, 309;
and Parliament, 318;
Cambridge platform, 320;
"glacial period," 321;
mint, 325;
bibliography, 334.
See also New England.
Maverick, Samuel, settlement, 175;
grant, 274;
fined, 319.
Mayhew, Thomas, Indian mission, 302-304.
Merry Mount, settlement, 174;
suppressed, 174, 186;
Morton's return, 192.
Miantonomoh, and Gorton, 233;
captured and slain, 233.
Minuit, Peter, governor of New Netherland, 293;
Swedish colony, 296.
Mohegans, Narragansett war, 233, 300-302.
Money in New England, 325.
Monts, Sieur de, grant, 286;
attempted settlement, 287.
Morton, Thomas, at Merry Mount, 174;
sent to England, 175, 197;
return, 192;
attorney against Massachusetts, 208.
Mount Desert Island, French settlement reduced, 72, 149, 289.
Mystic, settled, 198.
Nantasket, settled, 170.
Narragansetts, and Plymouth, 165;
Mohegan war, 233, 300;
and Pequot War, 251, 253;
and New England Confederation, 300-302.
Netherlands, Separatists in, 154-158;
voyages to America, 291.
New England, coast explorations, 34, 35, 40, 150;
map (1614), 150;
named, 150;
attempted settlement, 150;
Indian pestilence, 152;
settlements (1628), 175;
population (1643), 209; (1652), 322;
preparation against Dutch, 316;
communication, 322;
trade, 322;
ship-building, 322;
manufactures, 322;
town government, 322, 323;
education, 323-325;
money, 325;
marriage, 326;
sumptuary laws, 326;
criminal laws, 326;
social character, 326;
literature, 327;
bibliography on Dutch relations, 337;
bibliography on French relations, 337.
See also next title, Council for New England, Plymouth Company, and colonies by name.
New England Confederation, causes and attempts, 282, 297, 298;
organized, members, 298;
object, management, powers, support, 299;
defects, 300;
population, 300;
and Indian war, 300-302;
and Massachusetts, 301, 305, 306, 308, 310, 316, 317;
appointment of commander, 301;
and Indian missions, 302-304;
boundary decision, 304;
Connecticut River tolls, 304-306;
and French, 308, 310;
and Dutch, 311-313;
Dutch treaty, 313, 314;
war threats, 315-317;
permanency thwarted, 317.
New Hampshire, Massachusetts annexes, 209, 271, 272;
grants, 266, 267;
settlements, 267, 269, 270;
named, 268;
feebleness, 268;
dissensions, 269;
civil contracts, 270;
Massachusetts' claim, 270;
suffrage after annexation, 271;
and the confederation, 298;
bibliography, 336.
See also New England.
New Haven, settlers' plan, 260;
settled, 261;
purchase from Indians, 262;
government, 262-264;
suffrage, 262-264;
union, 264;
growth, 265;
on Delaware, 296, 311, 315;
Kieft's bluster, 312;
trade ventures, 315;
migration considered, 315;
bibliography, 335.
See also New England.
New London, settled, 260;
jurisdiction, 304.
New Netherland, Argall in, 72;
and Plymouth, 175, 240;
on Connecticut, 239-242, 249;
trade charter, 292;
boundaries, 292, 313;
English protest, 292;
settlement, 293;
patroonships, 293;
English encroachments, 294-296, 310-312, 315;
Indian war, 296, 311;
New England boundary, 313, 314;
New England war threats, 315-317;
bibliography, 336, 337.
New Sweden, settlement, 296;
bibliography, 337.
Newfoundland, English voyages, 7;
fisheries, 7;
Gilbert at, 19, 20;
Calvert's settlement, 118.
Newport, Christopher, conducts Virginia colony, 42;
in council, 49;
seeks gold mine, 50;
visits, 52, 53, 55-57, 62.
Newport, settled, 229.
Newtown, restless, 242;
migration to Connecticut, 244, 246;
settles Hartford, 247.
Northwest passage, search, 8, 14, 15;
Gilbert's pamphlet, 14.
Norton, John, bigotry, 321.
Oldham, John, in Plymouth, 170;
at Nantasket and Cape Ann, 170, 171;
and Massachusetts Company, 187, 190;
killed, 252.
Opechancanough, massacres, 85, 107;
captured and slain, 108.
Parliament, trade charter (1566), 14;
sanctions Raleigh's charter, 22;
and Virginia, 111-113;
and Maryland, 143, 145-147;
and Massachusetts, 235, 318;
charter to Rhode Island, 235.
Patents. See Charters, Grants.
Patroonships in New Netherland, 293.
Pemaquid, settled, 273.
Pequot War, 251-257;
killing of Stone, 251, 252;
Massachusetts' expedition, 252;
Narragansett alliance, 253;
settlements attacked, 254;
capture of Indian fort, 254-256;
Pequots exterminated, 256;
results, 257.
Percy, George, in Virginia, 43, 64, 65.
Pilgrims, English congregation, 155;
leaders, 155;
flight to Holland, 156;
at Leyden, 157, 158;
decide to settle in Virginia, 158;
James I.'s attitude, 159;
patents, 159;
financial arrangement, 159;
voyage, 160;
land-fall, 160;
compact, 161;
settlement, 161.
See also Plymouth.
Piscataqua. See Portsmouth.
Plymouth, settlement, 161;
named, 162;
scurvy, 163;
and Indians, 163-165, 177;
first summer, 164;
patents, 164, 172, 178;
first cargo, 165;
and Weston's settlers, 166;
trouble with partners, 167, 169;
land division, 167;
character of immigrants, 169, 170;
conspiracy, 170;
Cape Ann trouble, 170;
buys out partners, 171;
trading-posts, 172;
reunion, 172;
boundaries, 173;
and Merry Mount, 174;
and Dutch, 175, 240;
French attacks, 176, 177;
on Connecticut, 177, 239-242, 245;
growth, 178;
government, 179;
suffrage, 180;
code, 180;
town government, 180;
ministers, 181;
education, 181;
thrift, 181;
significance, 182;
and Roger Williams, 217, 218;
boundary dispute, 298;
bibliography, 334.
See also New England, Pilgrims.
Plymouth Company, charter, 36-38;
patrons, 37;
government, 37-39;
attempted settlements, 39-41, 150;
inactive, 149;
Gorges's activity, 151;
reorganized, 152.
See also Council for New England.
Plough patent, 277;
resisted and arbitrated, 277, 278.
Pocahontas, rescues Smith, 46-48;
dance, 48;
seized, 71;
married, 71;
in England, 74;
death, 77.
Popham, George, colony, 40;
death, 41;
fate of colony, 41.
Popham, Sir John, and Zuñiga, 36;
patron of Plymouth Company, 37;
colony, 40;
death, 41.
Population, Virginia (1629), 93; (1635), 100; (1652), 114;
Maryland (1652), 147;
Massachusetts (1634), 205; (1643), 209;
New England (1643), 209, 300; (1652), 322;
Connecticut (1653), 260.
Port Royal, Argall reduces, 72, 149, 289;
settlement, 287;
rebuilt, 289.
Portsmouth (Piscataqua), N.H., settled, 175, 267;
feeble existence, 268;
Anglicanism, 268;
civil contract, 270;
annexed by Massachusetts, 271.
Portsmouth, R.I., settled, 229.
Potato, introduction, 26.
Pott, John, in Virginia, 93, 94;
and Baltimore, 119.
Poutrincourt at Port Royal, 287.
Powhatan, chief of confederacy, 44, 45;
crowned, 56;
and Virginia, 69-71;
death, 85.
Prado, de, voyage, 7.
Presbyterianism, Massachusetts' attitude, 319-321.
Pring, Martin, voyage, 35, 39.
Providence, Md., founded, 109, 144.
Providence, R.I., settled, 218;
growth, 230;
and Gorton, 232;
union with Rhode Island, 235, 237.
Puritans, in Virginia, 106;
in Maryland, 109, 144, 145;
rise, 153;
Separatists, 154-156.
See also New England colonies by name.
Quebec, settled, 288;
captured, 290.
Quo warranto against Virginia Company, 88.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, and Gilbert's plan, 15;
voyage with Gilbert, 16;
appearance, 21;
accomplishments, 21;
royal favor, 21;
charter, 22;
exploring expedition, 22, 23;
first colony, 23-25;
second, 26, 27;
introduces potato and tobacco, 26;
third colony, 27;
colony and Indians, 27, 28, 32;
and Armada, 29;
relief expeditions, 30;
assigns trade right, 31;
fate of colony, 31, 32;
place in history, 32;
fall, 33;
in Guinea, 33;
executed, 33;
monopoly abrogated, 35;
search for colony, 56.
Ratcliffe, John, in Virginia, 43, 49, 57, 63;
president, 51;
and Smith, 52, 63;
deposed, 54;
slain, 65.
Religion, influence on Spain, 4;
on England, 5;
freedom in Maryland, 125, 139, 140, 143, 144;
persecution in Massachusetts, 191, 201, 211, 237, 319;
theocracy in New England, 200-202, 258, 262-264;
freedom in Rhode Island, 238;
Indian missions, 302-304;
bibliography on influence, 338.
See also sects by name.
Representation, Virginia, 79, 80, 92-94;
and taxation in Virginia, 90, 96, 113;
James I.'s policy, 91;
Maryland, 125, 133;
Plymouth, 179;
Massachusetts, 202, 203;
Connecticut, 250, 258;
New Haven, 265;
town unit, 322.
See also Suffrage.
Rhode Island, Providence settled, 218;
island purchased and settled, 229;
body politic, 229;
union of settlements, 230, 237, 238;
attitude of Massachusetts, 230, 231, 235-238;
parliamentary charter, 235;
boundaries, 235;
Gorton's settlement, 232-235;
Coddington's commission, 237, 238;
Baptists in, 237;
religious freedom, 238;
and New England Confederation, 298;
named, 292;
bibliography, 335.
See also New England.
Richelieu and Canada, 288.
Roberval, colony, 285.
Robinson, John, character, 155;
in Leyden, 157;
remains there, 160;
death, 172.
Rolfe, John, marries Pocahontas, 72;
plants tobacco, 75;
secretary of state, 77.
Roxbury, settled, 198;
emigration to Springfield, 247.
Russia, English voyages, 8.
Sable Island, attempted settlements, 284, 286.
Saco, settlement, 273;
and Plough patent, 277;
submits to Massachusetts, 280.
St. Croix, French settlement reduced, 72, 149, 289.
St. Mary's, founded, 127.
Salem (Naumkeag), settled, 175, 183;
Endicott at, 186;
named, 186;
sickness, 186, 195;
and Roger Williams, 213-217.
Saltonstall, Sir Richard, agrees to emigrate, 193;
attempted settlement, 248.
Sandys, Sir Edwin, in London Company, policy, 76, 78;
treasurer, 81;
enterprise, 82;
royal opposition, 82;
and Charles I., 91.
Say and Sele, Lord, grant, 248;
buys Dover, 268, 271.
Saybrook, founded, 249, 259;
sold to Connecticut, 260.
Scarboro, grant of site, 274;
submits to Massachusetts, 281.
Scrivener, Matthew, in Virginia, 54, 57;
death, 57.
Separatism, rise, 154;
refuge in Holland, 154-156.
See also Congregationalism, Pilgrims.
Servants, in Virginia, 100, 115;
in Maryland, 128.
Sheriff, in Maryland, 129.
Ship-building, New England, 322.
Slave-trade, English, 8-10.
Slavery, introduction, 81;
social influence, 116, 147.
Smith, John, Virginia settler, 43;
career, 43;
rescued by Pocahontas, 46-48;
arrested, 49;
in council, 49;
cape merchant, 51;
supplies from Indians, 52;
captured, 52;
condemned by Ratcliffe, 52;
restored, 53;
president, 54;
answer to company's complaints, 57;
maps, 57, 150;
sole ruler, 57, 63;
avoids famine, 58;
deposed, 64:
leaves, 64;
on coast of New England, 150;
attempted settlement, 150;
captured by French, 151;
service to New England, 152.
Smith, Sir Thomas, buys trade right, 31;
in London Company, 76, 78, 81.
Social conditions, slavery, 81, 116, 147;
servants, 100, 115, 128;
Virginia (1634), 101-103; (1648), 110;
houses, 114;
hospitality, 115;
absence of towns, 115, 129;
Virginia education, 116, 117;
Maryland (1652), 147;
New England criminal codes, 180, 203, 326;
influence of Calvinism, 321;
New England towns, 322, 323;
education, 323-325;
marriage, 326;
sumptuary laws, 326;
general characteristics, 326;
literature, 327;
bibliography, 338.
Somers, Sir George, at Bermudas, 62;
death, 68.
Sources, on period 1574-1652, 329-331;
on Virginia, 331, 332;
on Maryland, 333;
on Plymouth and Massachusetts, 334;
on Rhode Island, 335;
on Connecticut and New Haven, 335;
on New Hampshire and Maine, 336;
on New Netherland, 336, 337;
on French colonies, 337.
Southampton, earl of, in London Company, 34, 35, 77, 82.
Southampton, joins Connecticut, 259;
settled, 296.
Southold, union with New Haven, 265;
settled, 296.
Spain, decay, 3;
influence of colonial empire, 4;
religious influences, 4;
English rivalry, 5;
and Drake's attacks, 13;
attacks Gilbert's expedition, 16;
English war, 28-30, 35;
Armada, 30;
power destroyed, 30;
and English colonies, 36, 60, 74, 283, 284.
See also colonies.
Springfield, settled, 247;
and river-tolls, 305.
Standish, Miles, Separatist, in Leyden, 158;
exploration, 161;
suppresses Merry Mount, 175.
Stone, William, governor of Maryland, 143, 144;
removed and restored, 147.
Stuyvesant, Peter, and New England Confederation, 312;
treaty, 313, 314.
Suffrage, Virginia, 116;
Plymouth, 180;
Massachusetts, 202, 210, 211, 243, 319;
Connecticut, 258;
New Haven, 262-264;
New Hampshire, 271.
Taxation and representation in Virginia, 90, 96, 113.
Theocracy in New England, 200-202, 258, 262-264.
Thompson, David, settlements, 175, 267.
Tobacco, Raleigh introduces, 26;
cultivation begun, 75;
growth of trade, 83, 92;
duty, 83, 93;
monopoly, 86, 93;
fall in price, 103;
legislation, 103;
in Maryland, 128.
Towns, absence in Virginia, 115;
and in Maryland, 129;
government in Plymouth, 180;
unit in New England, 322;
meetings, 323;
selectmen, 323;
business 323.
Trade, English, development (1550), 8;
slave-trade, 8-10;
direction under Mary, 9;
Hawkins's voyages, 9;
tobacco, 83, 86, 92, 103;
Virginia, 100, 103;
fur, 168, 286, 287, 291, 293;
New England, 322.
Travel, New England conditions (1652), 322.
Treaties, St. Germain (1632), 290;
Hartford (1650), 314.
Twiller, Wouter van, and claim to Connecticut, 242;
governor of New Netherland, 293;
and Eelkens, 294;
recalled, 296.
Uncas, captures and slays Miantonomoh, 233;
policy, 240, 302.
Underhill, John, at Dover, 269;
and Dutch, 269.
Union, Rhode Island, 230, 237;
Connecticut, 250;
New Haven, 264;
New Hampshire, 270, 272;
Maine, 278.
See also New England Confederation.
Vane, Sir Harry, governor of Massachusetts, 200;
and Antinomian controversy, 220-223;
defeated, 224;
returns to England, 225.
Verrazzano, John, voyage, 284.
Virginia, Raleigh's charter, 22;
exploring expedition, 22, 23;
named, 23;
Raleigh's attempted settlement, 23-28, 31, 32;
charter, 36-38;
and Spain, 36, 60, 74, 283;
boundaries, 37;
regulations for settlement, 42;
settlers, 42;
topography, 43;
Indians, 44-49;
voyage, 49;
quarrel, 49;
first officers, 49;
relation with Indians, 49, 51, 68, 71;
Jamestown founded, 50;
suffering and dissensions, 50-54, 58, 63-66, 69, 74, 84;
search for gold, 51, 53, 56, 69;
Smith's enterprise, 51, 52, 54;
First Supply, 52;
cargoes, 53, 54, 57;
Second Supply, 55;
first marriage and birth, 55;
company's instructions (1608), 55;
Powhatan crowned, 56;
search for Raleigh's colony, 56;
answer to company, 57;
map, 57;
Argall's relief, 59, 63;
new charter, 59-61;
gentlemen settlers, causes of calamities, 59;
communism, 59;
absolute governor, 61;
Third Supply, 61-63;
Starving Time, 66;
abandonment decided upon, 67;
Delaware's timely arrival, 67, 68;
his administration, 68-70;
deputy governors, 70;
Dale's rule, 70-74;
expeditions against Acadia, 72;
communism abolished, 73;
in 1616, 74;
tobacco planting begins, 75;
third charter, 76;
company's policy, 76;
Argall's tyranny, 77, 78;
land division, 77, 79;
charter of privileges, 78;
Yardley governor, 78, 79;
in 1619, 78;
private associations, 79;
representation, 79, 92-94, 123;
church of England, 80, 106;
first assembly, 80;
first negro slaves, 81;
cargo of maidens, 81;
tobacco trade and regulation, 83, 86, 92, 103;
prosperity, 84, 102;
first massacre, 85;
commission to investigate, 87;
charter voided, 88;
loyalty to company, 89;
taxation and representation, 90, 96, 113;
royal control, 90, 91, 95, 96;
policy of James I., 91;
population (1629), 93; (1635), 100; (1652), 114;
Harvey's rule, 93, 96;
deposed and reinstated, 97-99, 136;
northern expansion, 94;
and Maryland charter, 96, 120-123;
Wyatt governor, 99, 104;
servants, 100, 115;
trade (1635), 100;
settlements (1634), 101, 102; (1652), 113, 114;
continued mortality, 102, 104;
corn trade, 103;
parliamentary charter, 105;
Berkeley governor, 105;
petition against charter, 105;
loyalty to king, 105, 111;
Puritans, 106, 108, 109;
second massacre, 107;
peace, 108;
cavalier immigration, 109, 111;
improved ministry, 110;
in 1648, 110;
and parliamentary commission, 111-113;
control by burgesses, 113;
houses, 114;
hospitality, 115;
absence of towns, 115;
democracy, 116;
influence of slavery, 116;
education, 116, 117;
and Baltimore, 119;
origin of laws, 123;
claim to Kent Island, 134-138;
and Dutch on Delaware, 294;
bibliography, 331.
See also London Company.
Voyages, Cabot (1497, 1498), 6;
Prado (1527), 7;
Hore (1535), 7;
Willoughby (1553), 8;
English, to Russia, 8;
Drake (1577-1580), 12;
Cavendish (1586), 13;
Frobisher (1376-1578), 14;
Davis (1585-1587), 15;
Barlow and Amidas (1584), 22, 23;
Denys (1506), 284;
Aubert (1508), 284;
Verrazzano (1524), 284;
Cartier (1534-1536), 284;
Alefonse (1542), 285;
Hudson (1609), 291;
bibliography, 329, 330.
Walker, John, voyage, 17.
Wars, Spanish-English (1588), 28-30, 35;
Pequot (1637), 251-257;
English-French (1627), 289, 290;
English-Dutch (1652), 315.
Warwick, earl of, in London Company, 76, 81;
grant, 185, 239.
Warwick settled, 230, 233-235.
Watertown, settled, 198;
restless, 242;
migration to Connecticut, 245, 246;
settles Wethersfield, 246.
Welles, founded, 272;
submits to Massachusetts, 280.
West, Francis, in Virginia, 55, 92;
and fishermen, 168.
West Indies, Spain and England in, 284.
Wethersfield, settled, 247;
Indian attack, 254.
Weymouth, George, voyage, 35.
Weymouth (Wessagusset), settlement, 166, 168.
Wheelwright, John, and Antinomianism, 220-224;
banished, 226;
at Dover, 269;
settles Exeter, 269;
founds Welles, 272;
return to Massachusetts, 272.
White, Andrew, Jesuit, in Maryland, 126;
sent to England, 141.
White, John, water-colors, 26;
governor of Raleigh's colony, 27, 28;
attempted relief, 31.
White, Rev. John, and Salem settlement, 183;
pamphlet, 194.
Williams, Roger, in Massachusetts, 212;
harsh creed, 213;
objections, 213;
in Plymouth, 213, 217, 218;
and Indians, 213, 217, 251, 253;
on land titles, 214;
trial, 214, 215;
objection to oaths, 215;
and Salem, 216;
banished, 216, 217;
flight, 217;
settles Providence, 218;
secures patent, 235;
triumphal return, 236;
Baptist, 237;
thwarts Coddington, 238.
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, voyage, 8.
Wilson, John, Congregationalist, 196;
sermons, 218;
and Antinomianism, 220, 223.
Windsor, Plymouth fort, 242;
Dorchester settlers, 245-247.
Wingfield, E.M., in Virginia, 43, 49, 51-53, 54.
Winslow, Edward, Separatist, in Leyden, 158;
agent in England, 206, 279.
Winthrop, John, agrees to emigrate, 193;
governor, 193, 224;
Congregationalist, 196;
and Antinomian controversy, 220-228;
character, death, 243, 321;
and La Tour, 307.
Winthrop, John (2), theoretic governor, 249;
settles New London, 260.
Wyatt, Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 85, 90, 92, 99;
commissioner, 95.
Yardley, Sir George, governor of Virginia, 70, 75, 78, 92;
death, 92.
York (Agamenticus, Gorgeana), government, 275, 276;
submits to Massachusetts, 280.