LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

[The Garden of Eden with its Four Rivers]
From the Hereford Map of the World.
[Babylonian Map of the World on Clay]
In the British Museum.
[The oldest known Ships: between 6000 and 5000 B.C.]
From a pre-Egyptian Vase-painting.
[Egyptian Ship of the Expedition to Punt, about 1600 B.C.]
From a Rock-carving at Der el Bahari.
[The Ark on Ararat, and the Cities of Nineveh and Babylon]
From LEONARDO DATI'S Map of 1422.
[A Phoenician Ship, about 700 B.C.]
From a Bas-relief at Nineveh.
[Map of the Voyage of the Argonauts]
[The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in a Mediæval Map]
HIGDEN'S Map of the World. 1360 A.D.
[The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in the Anglo-Saxon Map of the World, 10th century]
[A Greek Galley, about 500 B.C.]
From a Vase-painting.
[Jerusalem, the Centre of the World]
From the Hereford Map of the World, 13th century.
[A Merchant-Ship of Athens, about 500 B.C.]
From a Vase-painting.
[The Coast of Africa, after Ptolemy (Mercator's Edition), showing Hanno's Voyage]
[A Sketch Map of Alexander's Chief Exploratory Marches from Athens to Hyderabad and Gaza]
[Alexandria in Pizzigani's Map, 14th century]
[North Britain and the Island of Thule]
From MERCATOR'S edition of Ptolemy's Map.
[A Portion of an old Roman Map of the World, showing the roads through the Empire]
From the Peutinger Table.
[The World-Island according to Strabo, 18 A.D.]
[Hull of a Roman Merchant-Ship]
From a Roman model at Greenwich.
[A Roman Galley, about 110 A.D.]
From Trajan's Column at Rome.
[The First Stages of a Mediæval Pilgrimage, London to Dover]
From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S Itinerary, 13th century.
[Jerusalem and the East]
From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S Itinerary, 13th century.
[Ireland and St. Brandon's Isle]
From the Catalan Map, 1375.
[The Mysterious Isle of St. Brandon]
From MARTIN BEHAIM'S Map, 1492.
[The World-Map of Cosmas, 6th century]
The oldest Christian Map.
[The Mountain of Cosmas]
[A Viking Ship]
From Professor MONTELIUS'S book on Scandinavian archæology.
[A Khalif on his Throne]
From the Ancona Map, 1497.
[A Chinese Emperor giving Audience, 9th century]
From an old Chinese MS. at Paris.
[The Scene of Sindbad's Voyages]
From EDRISI'S Map, 1154.
[Sindbad's Giant Roc]
From an Oriental Miniature Painting.
[Jerusalem and the Pilgrims' Ways to it, 12th century]
From a Map of the 12th century at Brussels.
[Two Emperors of Tartary]
From the Catalan Map, 1375.
[A Tartar Camp]
From the Borgian Map, 1453.
[Initial Letter from the MS. of Rubruquis at Cambridge]
[How the Brothers Polo set out from Constantinople with their nephew Marco for China]
From a Miniature Painting in 14th century Livre des Merveilles.
[Marco Polo lands at Ormuz]
From a Miniature in the Livre des Merveilles.
[Kublai Khan]
From an old Chinese Encyclopædia at Paris.
[Marco Polo]
From a Woodcut in the first printed edition of MARCO POLO'S Travels, 1477.
[A Japanese Fight against the Chinese at the time when Marco Polo first saw the Japanese]
From an ancient Japanese Painting.
[Sir John Mandeville on his Travels]
From a MS. in the British Museum.
[An Emperor of Tartary]
From the Map ascribed to SEBASTIAN CABOT, 1544.
[A Caravan in Cathay]
From the Catalan Map, 1375.
[The Turin Map of the World, 8th century]
[A T-map, 10th century]
[A T-map, 13th century]
[The Kaiser holding the World]
From a 12th-century MS.
[The "Anglo-Saxon" Map of the World, drawn about 990 A.D.]
From the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum.
[Africa—from Ceuta to Madeira]
From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.
[The Voyage to Cape Blanco from Cape Bojador]
From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.
[A Portion of Africa illustrating Cadamosto's Voyage beyond Cape Blanco]
From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.
[Sketch of Africa]
From FRA MAURO'S Map of the World, 1457.
[Negro Boys]
From CABOT'S Map, 1544.
[The West Coast of Africa]
From MARTIN BEHAIM'S Map, 1492.
[The Parting of Columbus with Ferdinand and Isabella, 3rd August 1492]
From DE BRY'S account of the Voyages to India, 1601.
[Columbus's Ship, the Santa Maria]
From a Woodcut of 1493, supposed to be after a Drawing by COLUMBUS.
[Columbus landing on Hispaniola]
From a Woodcut of 1494.
[The first Representation of the People of the New World]
From a Woodcut published at Augsburg between 1497 and 1504.
[The Town of Isabella and the Colony founded by Columbus]
From a Woodcut of 1494.
[Vasco da Gama]
From a contemporary Portrait.
[Africa as it was known after da Gama's Expeditions]
From JUAN DE LA COSA'S Map of 1500.
[Calicut and the Southern Indian Coast]
From JUAN DE LA COSA'S Map, 1500.
[The Malabar Coast]
From FRA MAURO'S Map.
[A Ship of Albuquerque's Fleet]
From a very fine Woodcut in the British Museum.
[A Ship of Java and the China Seas in the 16th century]
From LINSCHOTEN'S Navigatio ac Itinerarium, 1598.
[One of the first Maps of the Pacific]
From DIEGO RIBERO'S Map, 1529.
[Magellan's Fleet]
From MERCATOR'S Mappe Monde, 1569.
[A Ship of the 16th century]
From AMORETTI'S translation of Magellan's Voyage round the World.
["Hondius his Map of the Magellan Streight"]
From a Map by JODOCUS HONDIUS, about 1590.
[The first Ship that sailed round the World]
Magellan's Victoria, from HULSIUS'S Collection of Voyages, 1602.
[Hernando Cortes, Conqueror of Mexico]
After the original Portrait at Mexico.
[The Battles of the Spaniards in Mexico]
From an ancient Aztec Drawing.
[Pizarro]
From the Portrait at Cuzco.
[Peru and South America]
From the Map of the World, 1544, usually ascribed to SEBASTIAN CABOT.
[Peruvian Warriors of the Inca Period]
From an ancient Peruvian Painting.
[Part of North America, showing Sebastian Cabot's Voyage to Newfoundland]
From the Map of 1544, usually ascribed to CABOT.
[Jacques Cartier]
From an old Pen-drawing at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
[Canada and the River St. Lawrence, showing Quebec]
From LESCARBOT'S Histoire de la Nouvelle France, 1609.
[New France, showing Newfoundland, Labrador, and the St. Lawrence]
From JOCOMO DI GASTALDI'S Map, about 1550.
[Ivan Vasiliwich, King of Muscovie]
From an old Woodcut.
[Anthony Jenkinson's Map of Russia, Muscovy, and Tartary]
Published in 1562.
[Greenlanders as seen by Martin Frobisher]
From Captain BESTE'S Account of Frobisher's Voyages, 1578.
[Sir Francis Drake]
From HOLLAND'S Heroologia, 1620.
[The Silver Map of the World]
From Medallion in British Museum.
[The Silver Map of the World]
From Medallion in British Museum.
[The Golden Hind at New Albion]
From the Chart of Drake's Voyages.
[The Golden Hind at Java]
From the Chart of Drake's Voyages.
[An Eskimo]
From a Water-colour Drawing by JOHN WHITE, about 1585.
[A Ship of the late 16th century]
From Ortelius, 1598.
[Nova Zembla and the Arctic Regions]
From a Map in DE BRY'S Grands Voyages, 1598.
[Barents in the Arctic—"Hut wherein we wintered"]
From DE VEER'S Account of the Voyages of Barents, 1598.
[Hudson's Map of his Voyages in the Arctic]
From his Book published in 1612.
[A Ship of Hudson's Fleet]
From his Voyages, 1612.
[Baffin's Map of his Voyages to the North]
From original MS., drawn by BAFFIN, in the British Museum.
[Sir Walter Raleigh]
[Raleigh's Map of Guinea, El Dorado, and the Orinoco Coast]
From the original Map, drawn by RALEIGH, in British Museum.
[The first Settlement at Quebec]
From CHAMPLAIN'S Voyages, 1613.
[The Defeat of the Iroquois by Champlain]
From a Drawing in CHAMPLAIN'S Voyages, 1613.
[An early Map of "Terra Australis" called "Java la Grande"]
From the "Dauphin" Map of 1546.
[The Wreck of Captain Pelsart's Ship, the Batavia, on the Coast of New Holland]
From the Dutch account of PELSART'S Voyages, 1647.
[Van Diemen's Land and two of Tasman's Ships]
From the Map drawn by TASMAN in his "Journal."
[Dampier's Ship, the Cygnet]
From a Drawing in the Dutch edition of his Voyage Round the World, 1698.
[Dampier's Strait and the Island of New Britain]
From a Map in DAMPIER'S Voyages, 1697.
[Chart of Behring's Voyage from Kamtchatka to North America]
From a Chart drawn in 1741 by Lieut. WAXELL.
[The Island of Otaheite, or St. George]
From a Painting by WILLIAM HODGES.
[A Maori Fort on the Coast between Poverty Bay and Cape Turnagain]
From an Engraving in the Atlas to COOK'S first Voyage.
[Captain Cook's Vessel beached at the Entrance of Endeavour River]
From an Engraving in the Atlas to COOK'S first Voyage.
[Captain James Cook]
From the Painting by DANCE in the Gallery of Greenwich Hospital.
[Port Jackson and Sydney Cove]
From the Atlas to the Voyage de l'Astrolabe.
[A Nile Boat, or Canja]
From BRUCE'S Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile.
[An Arab Sheikh]
From BRUCE'S Travels.
[The Camp of Ali, the Mohammedan Chief, at Benown]
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK.
[Kamalia, a Native Village near the Southern Course of the Niger]
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK.
[A Native Woman washing Gold in Senegal]
From a Sketch by MUNGO PARK, made on his last expedition.
[Vancouver's Ship, the Discovery, on the Rocks in Queen Charlotte's Sound]
From a Drawing in VANCOUVER'S Voyage, 1798.
[Parry's Ships, the Hecla and Griper, in Winter Harbour]
From a Drawing in PARRY'S Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821.
[The North Shore of Lancaster Sound]
From a Drawing in PARRY'S Voyage for the North-West Passage, 1821.
[A Winter View of Fort Enterprise]
From a Drawing, by WILLIAM BACK, in Franklin's Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823.
[Franklin's Expedition to the Polar Sea on the Ice]
From a Drawing, by WILLIAM BACK, in Franklin's Journey to the Polar Sea, 1823.
[An Eskimo watching a Seal Hole]
From a Drawing in PARRY'S Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1824.
[Fort Franklin, on the Great Bear Lake, in the Winter]
From a Drawing in FRANKLIN'S Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828.
[Franklin's Expedition crossing Back's Inlet]
From a Drawing, by Lieut. BACK, in Franklin's Second Expedition to the Polar Sea, 1828.
[The Boats of Parry's Expedition hauled up on the Ice for the Night]
From a Drawing in PARRY'S Attempt to Reach the North Pole, 1828.
[Major Denham and his Party received by the Sheikh of Bornu]
From a Drawing by Major DENHAM.
[The first European Picture of Timbuktu]
From a Drawing in CAILLÉ'S Tomboctou, 1829.
[Richard and John Lander paddling down the Niger]
From a Drawing in the account of LANDER'S Travels, 1835.
[The Rosses on their Journey to the North Magnetic Pole]
From a Drawing in ROSS'S Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835.
["Somerset House," Ross's Winter Quarters on Fury Beach]
From a Drawing in ROSS'S Second Voyage for a North-West Passage, 1835.
[Matthew Flinders]
[Cape Catastrophe]
From FLINDERS' Voyages.
[The Huts of the Crew of the Porpoise on the Sandbank, Wreck Reef]
From FLINDERS' Voyages.
[Captain Sturt at the Junction of the Rivers Darling and Murray]
From the Narrative of Sturt's Expedition.
[The Burke and Wills Expedition leaving Melbourne, 1860]
From a Drawing by WILLIAM STRUTT, an acquaintance of Burke.
[Burke and Wills at Cooper's Creek]
From a Woodcut in a contemporary Australian account of the expedition.
[Part of the Great Southern Ice Barrier]
From ROSS'S Voyage in the Antarctic Regions.
[Eskimos at Cape York watching the approach of the Fox]
From McCLINTOCK'S Voyage in Search of Franklin.
[The Three Graves on Beechey Island]
From McCLINTOCK'S Voyage in Search of Franklin.
[Exploring Parties starting from the Fox]
From McCLINTOCK'S Voyage in Search of Franklin.
[Livingstone, with his Wife and Family, at the Discovery of Lake Ngami]
From LIVINGSTONE'S Missionary Travels.
[The "Smoke" of the Zambesi (Victoria) Falls]
After a Drawing in LIVINGSTONE'S Missionary Travels.
[Burton in a Dug-out on Lake Tanganyika]
After a Drawing by BURTON.
[Burton and his Companions on the march to Victoria Nyanza]
From a Humorous Sketch by BURTON.
[The Ma-Robert on the Zambesi]
After a Drawing in LIVINGSTONE'S Expedition to the Zambesi.
[M'tesa, King of Uganda]
From SPEKE'S Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile.
[The Ripon Falls on the Victoria Nyanza]
From SPEKE'S Journey to Discover the Source of the Nile.
[Captains Speke and Grant]
[Baker and his Wife crossing the Nubian Desert]
From BAKER'S Travels.
[Baker's Boat in a Storm on Lake Albert Nyanza]
From BAKER'S Albert Nyanza.
[The Discovery of Lake Bangweolo, 1868]
From LIVINGSTONE'S Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray.
[Livingstone at Work on his Journal]
From a Sketch by H. M. STANLEY.
[Livingstone entering the Hut at Ilala on the Night that he Died]
From LIVINGSTONE'S Last Journals, by permission of Mr. John Murray.
[The last Entries in Livingstone's Diary]
[Susi, Livingstone's Servant]
From a Sketch by H. M. STANLEY.
[Stanley and his Men marching through Unyoro]
From a Sketch, by STANLEY, in Through the Dark Continent.
["Towards the Unknown": Stanley's Canoes starting from Vinya Njara]
From Through the Dark Continent.
[The Seventh Cataract—Stanley Falls]
From Through the Dark Continent.
[The Fight below the Confluence of the Aruwimi and Livingstone Rivers]
From a Sketch, by STANLEY, in Through the Dark Continent.
[Nordenskiöld's Ship, the Vega, saluting Cape Chelyuskin]
From a Drawing in HOVGAARD'S Nordenskiöld's Voyage.
[Menka, Chief of the Chukches]
[The Vega frozen in for the Winter]
From a Drawing in HOVGAARD'S Nordenskiöld's Voyage.
[The Potala at Lhasa]
From KIRCHER'S China Illustrata.
[Dr. Nansen]
After a Photograph.
[The Ship that went Farthest North: the Fram]
From a Photograph.