Rust, Smut, Mildew, & Mould: An Introduction to the Study of Microscopic Fungi

by M. C. Cooke

Gymnosporangium, DC.

Peduncles extremely long, agglutinated by gelatine into a tremelloid expanded mass. Spores uniseptate.

Gymnosporangium Juniperi, Lk.; forming a soft gelatinous, irregular, orange mass; spores ovate or subelliptic, filled with subglobose granules.—On living twigs of Juniperus communis.

PODISOMA, Lk.

Peduncles extremely long, agglutinated by gelatine into a common stem, spreading out above into a clavariæform mass; spores mostly uniseptate.—Berk. Outl., p. 331.

Podisoma Juniperi, Fr.; orange, clavariæform, somewhat branched; stroma simple; spores very long, lanceolate, filled with elliptic granules.—On living branches of Juniperus communis. Not common.

Podisoma foliicolum, B.; epiphyllous, brown-black masses, subglobose, subelliptic, or irregular, consisting of radiating, crowded, very slender, agglutinated filaments, each bearing an elliptic or clavate, very obtuse spore, 3- to 5-septate.—On living leaves of Juniperus communis. Rare.

Podisoma Sabinæ, Fr.; red-brown, tuberculiform and clavate, simple; stroma obliterated; spores obovate, uniseptate.—On living branches of Juniperus Sabinæ. April. Not uncommon.

CÆOMACEI.

Simple and free.

Without appendages,

Springing from delicate threads. Tilletia.

Produced in separate cells.—

Deeply seated, pulverulent, } Ustilago

generally nearly black }

Superficial, yellow or brown Uredo.

Not enclosed in separate cells Lecythea.

With appendages,

Deciduous Trichobasis.

Permanent Uromyces.

Compound.

Irregular Polycystis.

Subglobose or shell-shaped Tuburcinia.

Spores of two orders—

1. Spherical } Coleosporium.

2. Cylindrical, septate }

1. Spherical } Melampsora.

2. Wedge-shaped, compact }

1. Concatenate, exposed } Cystopus.

2. Spherical, concealed }

Tilletia, Tul.

Spores spherical, reticulated, proceeding from delicate branched threads.

Tilletia caries, Tul. Bunt; included within the germen; spores spherical, rather large, black.—On wheat, filling the grains with dark-coloured spores, fetid when crushed. Autumn. Very common. ([Plate V.] figs. 84-91.)

Ustilago, Link.

Plant deeply seated. Spores simple, springing from delicate threads, or in closely-packed cells, ultimately breaking up into a powdery mass.—Berk. Outl., p. 335.

Ustilago segetum, Ditm. Corn Smut; produced on the receptacle and rachis; epidermis soon ruptured; spores loose, minute, globose, black.—On the ears of corn and grasses. Autumn. Very common. ([Plate V.] figs. 98, 99.)

Ustilago urceolorum, Tul. Sedge Smut; produced on the glumes and utricles; epidermis soon bursting; spores in a compact mass, afterwards breaking up, globose, rather large, granulated.—Surrounding the seed of various Carices; as, Carex prœcox, stellulata, recurva, and pseudo-cyperus. Autumn. Not uncommon. ([Plate VI.] figs. 109-111.)

Ustilago longissima, Tul. Elongated Smut; produced on the leaves in linear, long, parallel, dirty-olive patches; epidermis bursting longitudinally; spores globose, breaking up into minute granules, olive-black.—On leaves of Poa aquatica and fluitans. Summer. Common. ([Plate V.] figs. 105-107.)

Ustilago olivacea, Tul. Olive Smut; infesting the enlarged receptacle; epidermis soon bursting; spores olive-green, powdery, minute, mixed with filaments.—On Carex riparia. Not common. ([Plate VI.] figs. 126, 127.)

Ustilago hypodytes, Fr. Grass-culm Smut; produced on the culms beneath the sheaths, afterwards exposed; spores minute, subglobose, brownish-black.—On the culms of various Grasses. Summer. Sometimes not uncommon. ([Plate V.] figs. 100, 101.)

Ustilago Maydis, Corda. Maize Smut; produced on the stems, germens, &c.; epidermis at length bursting; spores spherical, minute, brownish-black, surface covered with echinulate warts.—On stems, &c., of Zea mays. ([Plate V.] fig. 108.)

Ustilago Montagnei, Tul. Beaksedge Smut; produced on the seeds; epidermis bursting; spores slightly angular, small, dark-coloured, intermixed sparingly with fragile filaments.—On seeds of Rhyncospora alba. Not common. ([Plate V.] figs. 96, 97.)

Ustilago typhoides, B. and Br. Reed Smut; prodded on the stems of reeds, forming thick bullate patches several inches long, occupying whole internodes, covered by their sheath; spores globose, rather large.—On stems of Arundo phragmitis. Autumn. Not uncommon. ([Plate VI.] figs. 128, 129.)

Ustilago Salveii, B. and Br. Cocksfoot Smut; produced on the leaves, forming elongated parallel sori on the upper surface; spores obovate, rather large, rough with minute granules.—On leaves of Dactylis glomerata and other Grasses. Not common. ([Plate VI.] figs. 117-119.)

Ustilago grammica, B. and Br. Banded Smut; forming little transverse bands consisting of short parallel black lines, 1/12 of an inch or more in length; spores globose, very minute.—On stems of Aira aquatica and A. cæspitosa. Uncommon. ([Plate VI.] figs. 120-122.)

Ustilago vinosa, Tul. Oxyria Smut; produced on the swollen receptacles; spores roundish, very small, and minutely papillose, separately pellucid, in clusters, violaceous.—On the receptacles of Oxyria reniformis. Uncommon.

Ustilago utriculosa, Tul. Utricle Smut; produced in the germen and perigonium; epidermis soon ruptured; spores effuse, minute, globose, purple-black.—On Polygonum hydropiper and other Polygona. Autumn. Not uncommon. ([Plate VI.] figs. 112-116.)

Ustilago flosculorum, Fr. Floret Smut; produced within the florets; spores minute, purplish-brown.—On the florets of Scabiosa arvensis. Not common. ([Plate VI.] figs. 123-125.)

Ustilago receptaculorum, Fr. Goatsbeard Smut; produced within the receptacles; spores ovate, minute, reticulated, violet-brown, nearly black, very profuse, filling the receptacle.—On the receptacles of Goatsbeard. June, July. Common. ([Plate V.] figs. 92-95.)

Ustilago antherarum, Fr. Anther Smut; produced on the anthers and germens; spores subglobose, effuse, violet.—On the anthers of Silene inflata, &c. ([Plate V.] figs. 102-104.)

Uredo, Lév.

Stroma composed of little irregular cells forming a lentiform disk, whose surface is covered with many layers of cells, each of which encloses a spore; spores simple, always without any appendage.—Berk. Outl., p. 331.

---

* Spores more or less yellow.

Uredo Potentillarum, DC. Potentilla Uredo; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, bullate, aggregate, open, confluent; spores subglobose, subcoherent, orange.—On various Rosaceæ. Common.

Uredo Saxifragarum, DC. Saxifrage Uredo; spots pallid; sori subrotund and oval, raised, scattered and aggregate on the under surface; epidermis ruptured, persistent; spores subglobose, yellow.—On various Saxifrages.

Uredo Filicum, Desm. Fern Uredo; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, bullate, scattered and aggregate on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, yellow.—On Ferns (Cystopteris, &c.) Not common.

Uredo pustulata, P. Willow-herb Uredo; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, minute, closed, scattered and confluent on both surfaces; spores globose, yellow.—On Epilobium palustre.

Uredo Hypericorum, DC. St. John’s-Wort Uredo; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, bullate, distinct, scattered on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, cohering, orange.—On various Hyperica. August. Not uncommon. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 174, 175.)

Uredo Caryophyllacearum, Johnst. Stitchwort Uredo; spots yellowish; sori subglobose, scattered and aggregate, minute, generally on the under surface; epidermis closed; spores oval, at length yellow.—On various Caryophyllaceæ. Autumn.

Uredo Quercus, Brond. Oak-leaf Uredo; on the under surface; sori yellow, then orange, minute, ovate, and orbicular, slightly prominent, scattered, solitary or agglomerated into minute patches, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, pellucid, not cohering.—On Oak-leaves. September. Not common.

Uredo porphyrogenita, Kze. Bird-cherry Uredo; spots purplish; sori subrotund, small, aggregate, hypogenous; epidermis at length ruptured; spores coherent, subglobose.—On leaves of Prunus Padus. Scotland, 1863. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley.)

Uredo Vacciniorum, P. Bilberry Uredo; spots yellow-brown; sori subrotund, minute, aggregate, and scattered, on the under surface of the leaves; epidermis seldom ruptured; spores ovoid, yellowish.—On Vaccinium Myrtillus and V. vitis-idæa. Scotland.

Uredo confluens, DC. Mercury Uredo; on the under surface, depressed, yellow, oblong, concentric, at length confluent; spores nearly oval.—On Mercurialis perennis and M. annua. May, June. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 133, 134.)

Uredo Alliorum, DC. Garlic Uredo; spots obliterated; sori linear, oblong, and oval, on both surfaces; spores ovoid or subglobose, yellow or whitish.—On various species of Allium. Common.

* * Spores brown.

Uredo Statices, Desm. Sea-lavender Uredo; sori few and scattered, orbicular or oval; spores sessile, globose, brown.—On various species of Statice.

Uredo Circææ, A. & S. Nightshade Uredo; sori minute, crowded, subrotund, slightly confluent, on the under surface; spores irregular, ovate, small, ochraceous.—On leaves of Circæa lutetiana. June, July. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 135, 136.)

Uredo bifrons, Grev. Twin-faced Uredo. On both surfaces of the leaves, often opposite, scattered, round, light brown, girt with the remains of the epidermis; spores globose.—On Sorrel leaves (Rumex acetosa and R. acetosella). July, September. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 137-139)

Lecythea, Lév.

Stroma surrounded or sprinkled with elongated abortive spores. Spores free, invested with their mother-cell, or concatenate.—Berk. Outl., p. 334.

* Spores free.

Lecythea Ruborum, Lév. Bramble Rust. Spots pale, brown or purple on the opposite side, sometimes depressed above; sori subrotund, aggregate; epidermis soon bursting; spores globose or subglobose, echinulate, bright ochraceous-yellow.—On the under surface of Bramble leaves. July and August. Very common. ([Plate II.] fig. 40.)

Lecythea Rosæ, Lév. Rose Rust; spots yellow, small, scattered; spores sub-oval, sometimes minutely pedicellate, orange.—On Rose-leaves. July, September. Extremely common. ([Plate II.] fig. 37.)

Lecythea Poterii, Lév. Burnet Rust; spots obliterated, rufous on the opposite side; sori subrotund, scattered, minute on the under surface; epidermis bursting; spores subglobose, often pedicellate, intense orange; barren spores pale, cylindrical, and slightly curved.—On Poterium Sanguisorba. Summer. Common. ([Plate III.] fig. 31.)

Lecythea Populina, Lév. Poplar Rust; hypogenous; sori yellow, roundish or oblong, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores copious, elongated or ovate.—On Poplar and Birch leaves. Summer. Common.

Lecythea Euphorbiæ, Lév. Spurge Rust; spots obliterated; sori subrotund, small, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores pyriform or subglobose, pedicellate; fertile spores subglobose, orange.—On the under surface of the leaves of various species of Euphorbia, especially E. helioscopia and E. peplus. August. Very common.

Lecythea epitea, Lév. Tawny Willow Rust; sori roundish, scattered, at first tawny, at length growing pale, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subrotund and pyriform.—On the under surface of Willow-leaves.

Lecythea mixta, Lév. Orange Willow Rust; spots yellow; sori subrotund, aggregate, confluent, effuse, permanently surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores oblong and pyriform, orange.—On both surfaces of the leaves of Willows.

Lecythea Saliceti, Lév. Common Willow Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, solitary, or in circles, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores subglobose and pedicellate or pyriform; fertile spores subglobose, orange.—On the under surface of Willow-leaves. Autumn. Common.

Lecythea Baryi, Berk. De Bary’s Rust; sori few; cystidia with an abrupt globose head; spores subglobose.—On leaves of Brachypodium pennatum. Very rare.

Lecythea Valerianæ, Berk. Valerian Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, confluent, sometimes circinating; epidermis at length bursting; spores reddish-brown, subglobose or clavate, shortly pedicellate.—On Valeriana officinalis. August.

* * Spores invested.

Lecythea gyrosa, Berk. Ringed Rust; spots obliterated; sori minute, confluent, and forming a small distinct ring; epidermis bursting; spores globose and elongato-pyriform, yellow or pale.—On the upper surface of Raspberry and Bramble leaves, forming a more or less perfect ring with the centre unoccupied. September. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 162-164.)

* * * Spores concatenate.

Lecythea Capræarum, Berk. Sallow Rust; spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side; sori varied in form, here and there confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores subglobose and pyriform, pedicellate; fertile spores subglobose, dirty yellow.—On the under surface of the leaves of Sallows. June to August. Very common. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 160, 161.)

Lecythea Lini, Berk. Flax Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose or pyriform, sometimes pedicellate.—On Linum catharticum. July. Not uncommon. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 165-167.)

Trichobasis, Lév.

Spores free; attached at first to a short peduncle, which at length falls away.—Berk. Outl., pp. 332.

* Spores yellow.

Trichobasis rubigo-vera, Lév. Round Corn Rust; spots yellow, heaps oval, scattered, generally on the upper surface; epidermis at length bursting longitudinally; spores subglobose, reddish-brown, easily dispersed.—On Grasses and Corn. Throughout the Summer. Very common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 140-142.)

Trichobasis linearis, Lév. Long Corn Rust; spots yellow-brown. Sori elliptic, then elongated and linear; epidermis bursting; spores oblong or globose, yellow.—On leaves and sheaths of Corn and Grasses. Summer. Common. [Plate VII.] figs. 143, 144.)

Trichobasis Glumarum, Lév. Glume Rust; sori minute, round, scarcely convex, subgregarious, often confluent. Spores globose or subovoid, orange, not pedicellate; epispore smooth.—On the glumes of Cereals. August.

Trichobasis Symphyti, Lév. Comfrey Rust; Sori minute, very numerous, scattered, roundish, then confluent; epidermis ruptured, scarcely conspicuous around the margin; spores subglobose, pallid orange.—On Comfrey.

Trichobasis Pyrolæ, B. Wintergreen Rust; spots yellowish-brown on the opposite side; sori globose, minute, scattered or aggregate, on the under surface; epidermis generally closed; spores subglobose, yellow.—On Pyrola rotundifolia, &c.

Trichobasis Petroselini, B. Parsley Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, confluent, on both surfaces; epidermis at length ruptured; spores globose or subglobose, occasionally obsoletely pedicellate, pale yellow.—On various Umbelliferæ.

Trichobasis Senecionis, B. Groundsel Rust; spots obliterated; sori solitary or regularly crowded, subrotund and oval, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, orange.—On various species of Groundsel. July. Very common. [Plate VII.] figs. 145, 146.)

Trichobasis Caricina, B. Sedge Rust; spots red; sori oval, minute, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, reddish, then brown.—On Carex pendula, C. pseudo-cyperus, &c. June to August. Common. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 170, 171.)

* * Spores brown.

Trichobasis oblongata, B. Luzula Rust; spots oblong, often confluent, yellow-brown; sori elliptic, on both surfaces; epidermis closed; spores brown, obtuse at either extremity.—On Luzulæ. May to July. ([Plate VII.] figs. 158, 159.)

Trichobasis Scillarum, B. Hyacinth Rust; spots oblong or subrotund, crowded into patches; epidermis bursting longitudinally; spores rubiginous, obovate, shortly pedunculate.—On the Wild Hyacinth, &c.

Trichobasis Cichoracearum, Lév. Hawkweed Rust; on both sides of the leaf, dark, fuscous, minute, round, scattered: spores globose, rarely minutely pedicellate.—On Thistles and Hawkweed. July to September. Common.

Trichobasis Artemisiæ, B. Mugwort Rust; spots obliterated, brownish on the opposite side; sori subglobose and oval, minute, scattered, on both surfaces; epidermis soon ruptured; spores subglobose, brownish.—On Artemisia vulgaris, &c. Not common.

Trichobasis Labiatarum, Lév. Mint Rust; spots yellowish and brown; sori subrotund, scattered, subaggregate, on the under surface; epidermis ruptured; spores subglobose, brown.—On various Labiatæ. August to September. Common.

Trichobasis Lychnidearum, Lév. Chickweed Rust; spots pallid yellowish; sori subrotund plane, scattered on the under surface, cinnamon, at length brownish; epidermis ruptured; spores globoso-ovoid, sessile, or shortly pedicellate.—On Caryophyllaceæ. Summer and Autumn.

Trichobasis Umbellatarum, Lév. Hemlock Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and ovate, scattered, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovate, oval, and oblong in the same heap, brown.—On Conium maculatum, Apium graveolens, and other Umbelliferæ. August and September.

Trichobasis Heraclei, B. Hogweed Rust; on the under surface, scattered, sometimes subconfluent, roundish, light brown, girt by the remains of the epidermis; spores obovate, with a very short peduncle.—On Heracleum spondylium. June and July.

Trichobasis Hydrocotyles, Cooke. Flukewort Rust; without definite spots; sori chiefly on the upper, sometimes on the under surface, scattered, variable, roundish, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, at length brown; epispore rough with minute tubercles.—On Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Epping, July to September, 1863 and 1864. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 168, 169.)

Trichobasis Betæ, Lév. Beet-leaf Rust; spots yellow; heaps subrotund and oval, scattered and concentric, on the upper surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, shortly pedicellate, brown.—On the leaves of Beet. August and September. Common.

Trichobasis Fabæ, Lév. Bean Rust; spots obliterated; sori subrotund and oval; bullate, scattered and aggregate, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovoid, brown.—On Beans. August and September. Common.

Trichobasis Galii, Lév. Bedstraw Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, aggregate, closed; spores globose, reddish.—On Galium verum, saxatile, &c. July and August.

Trichobasis suaveolens, Lév. Thistle Rust; spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered, at length confluent, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose, brown.—On leaves of Thistles, frequently covering the whole under surface. Summer. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 151-153.)

Trichobasis Polygonorum, B. Knotgrass Rust; spots red-yellow, widely effused; sori subrotund, scattered, sometimes forming a ring, epidermis at length bursting; spores somewhat obovate, brown.—On Polygonum aviculare, amphibium, and other species. July to September. Common.

Trichobasis Vincæ, B. Periwinkle Rust; spots yellowish; sori small, subrotund, and oval, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores oval, rather ovoid, brown.—On leaves of Vinca major. May and June. ([Plate VI.] fig. 130, 131.)

Trichobasis Geranii, B. Geranium Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered or confluent; spores subglobose, brown.—On various species of Geranium.

Trichobasis Violarum, B. Violet Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, generally on the under surface; epidermis ruptured, persistent; spores subglobose, brown.—On leaves and petioles of Violets. July. Not uncommon.

Trichobasis Parnassiæ, Cooke. Grass of Parnassus Rust; on both surfaces of the leaves; sori at first bullate, at length rupturing the epidermis, scattered, often confluent; spores globose or nearly so, rather large, tawny brown.—On Parnassia palustris. Irstead, Norfolk. September, 1864.

Trichobasis Epilobii, Berk. Willow-herb Rust; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, often on the under surface; spores subglobose, brown.—On Epilobium montanum, &c. June and July.

Trichobasis Rhamni, Cooke. Buckthorn Rust; seated on definite yellowish spots; sori occurring only on the under surface of the leaves, scattered or collected in clusters, very minute, roundish, or oblong; spores at length rusty brown, subglobose.—On Rhamnus catharticus. Selsdon, Surrey. September 16, 1864. (A. Grugeon.)

Uromyces, Lév.

Spores unilocular, attached permanently to a decided peduncle of greater or less length.—Berk. Outl., p. 333.

Uromyces Alliorum, DC. Garlic Rust; spots obliterated, sori linear, oblong, or oval, amphigenous; spores subglobose, yellow.—On species of Allium.

Uromyces Ulmariæ, Lév. Golden Rust; broad, pulverulent, on the under surface of leaves, nerves, and petioles; spores numerous, subglobose, bright reddish-orange.—On Spiræa Ulmariæ, Roses, &c. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 147, 148.)

Uromyces appendiculata, Lév. Long-stemmed Rust; spots yellowish-brown, sori subrotund and oval, confluent, nearly plane, on the under surface. Epidermis bursting, spores ovoid, brown, with a long peduncle.—On Leguminosæ and other plants. August and September. ([Plate VII.] figs. 149, 150.)

Uromyces apiculosa., Lév. Short-stemmed Rust: spots yellow or brown, sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovoid, brown, shortly pedunculate.—On dock and various other plants. August and September. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 154, 155.)

Uromyces Limonii, Lév. Sea-Lavender Rust; epiphyllous, sori bullate, scattered or disposed in rings; spores ovate.—On Statice limonia.

Uromyces Ficariæ, Lév. Pilewort Rust; spots yellowish, sori scattered, aggregate, confluent, and expanded; epidermis ruptured; spores ovoid, brown.—On Ranunculus Ficaria. May and June. Common. ([Plate VII.] figs. 156, 157.)

Uromyces Primulæ, Lév. Primrose Rust; spots yellowish, sori subrotund and oval, aggregate, on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores ovoid, brown.—On Primroses.

Uromyces intrusa, Lév. Lady’s-mantle Rust; on the under surface, scattered, or partially aggregate, reddish-brown, rounded, somewhat prominent, minute, very unequal; spores roundish or oval.—On Alchemilla vulgaris.

Uromyces Iridis, Lév. Iris Rust; on the under, rarely on the upper, surface; spots yellow, sori small, pale red-brown, oblong and linear, scattered or aggregate, scarcely convex; epidermis bullate, rarely bursting longitudinally; spores globose or broadly elliptic, pale brown, pellucid.—On Iris fœtidissima. August to September. Not uncommon.

Polycystis, Lév.

Spores irregular, consisting of several cells.—Berk. Outl., p. 334.

Polycystis Colchici, Tul. Meadow-saffron Smut; sori elongated, bursting irregularly; spores smooth or slightly papillose.—On leaves of Meadow-Saffron. Not common.

Polycystis Violæ, B. and Br. Violet Smut; sori scattered, elongated, on both surfaces of the leaves and petioles; spores more or less globose, consisting of several cells surrounded by a common irregular crust.—On leaves and petioles of Violets. August. Common. ([Plate IX.] figs. 185, 186.)

Polycystis pompholygodes, Lév. Buttercup Smut; sori varied in form, bullate, epidermis inflated, at first entire, then bursting irregularly, its remains surrounding the clusters; spores copious, subglobose, black, opaque or pellucid.—On Ranunculus repens and other Ranunculaceæ. Summer. Very common. ([Plate IX.] figs. 183, 184.)

Polycystis parallela, B. and Br. Rye Smut; sori very long, linear, epidermis bursting longitudinally, spores globose, with several projecting nodules, dark brown.—On culms and sheaths of Rye and on the leaves of Carices. ([Plate IX.] figs. 187, 188.)

Tuburcinia, Fr.

Plant deeply seated; spores multicellular, subglobose, or conchiform. Berk. Outl., p. 335.

Tuburcinia scabies, B. Potato Smut; spores globose composed of minute cells forming together a hollow globe with one or more lacunæ, generally attached laterally by a slender thread, olive. On Potatoes. Common. ([Plate III.] fig. 54.)

Tuburcinia Trientalis, B. and Br. Trientalis Smut; sori two lines broad, bullate, containing a black mass of rather irregular depressed subglobose spores, which are very opaque and distinctly cellular. Hyphasma white, branched, creeping, delicate.—On leaves of Trientalis Europæa. August and September. Scotland. ([Plate III.] figs. 52, 53.)

Coleosporium, Lév.

Spores cylindrical, septate, some separating at the joints, some of a different nature, persistent.—Berk. Outl., p. 333.

Coleosporium Tussilaginis, Lév. Coltsfoot Rust; on the under surface, prominent, crowded, generally forming circles, becoming very confluent; spores numerous, sub-ovate, orange-yellow.—On Tussilago Farfara. Summer. Common. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 180, 181.)

Coleosporium pingue, Lév. Tawny Rose Rust; spots obliterated, sori effuse, on the nerves and petioles of the leaves; spores ovoid, yellowish-brown.—On Roses, &c.

Coleosporium Petasitis, Lév. Butterbur Rust; on the under surface, minute, depressed, spreading, somewhat aggregate, subconfluent, irregular in form; spores oval, orange, or orange-red.—On Tussilago Petasites. Autumn. Common.

Coleosporium Campanulæ, Lév. Campanula Rust; spots obliterated, brown on the opposite side, sori irregular, confluent, plane, on the under surface; spores subglobose, cohering, yellow, at length pale. On leaves of various Campanulæ. September and October.

Coleosporium Sonchi-arvensis, Lév. Sow-thistle Rust; on the under surface, depressed, irregular in form, scattered, partially confluent; spores ovate, reddish orange.—On Sonchus oleraceus and arvensis. Summer. Common. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 178, 179.)

Coleosporium Rhinanthacearum, Lév. Cow-wheat Rust; spots none or subferruginous; sori irregular, confluent, on the under, rarely on both surfaces; spores subglobose, compact, golden-yellow.—On Euphrasia officinalis, Bartsia odontites, Melampyrum arvense, &c. August and September. Common. ([Plate VIII.] figs. 170, 177.)

Melampsora, Cast.

Spores of two orders, crowded into a dense compact mass, with or without a covering, wedge-shaped. Berk. Outl., p. 333.

Melampsora Euphorbiæ, Cast. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores golden-yellow, scattered, distinct, sometimes cauline; spores small, subglobose; sori of perfect spores becoming black, small, roundish, spores prismatic, membrane thickened above, dark brown.—On leaves and stems of Euphorbia helioscopia, E. exigua, and other species of spurge. Common. ([Plate IX.] figs. 193, 194.)

Melampsora Populina, Lév. Hypophyllous, epiphyllous, or amphigenous, at first yellow or orange; summer spores obovate-oblong, attenuated or truncate, echinulate; paraphyses obovate, capitate or claviform, abundant in fully-ripened sori; sori of perfect spores at first tawny yellow, becoming black during the winter, swelling in the spring, and becoming of a cinnamon-colour, hypophyllous, roundish, or oblong; spores prism-shaped, 5-6 together, yellowish, smooth.—On leaves of Populus nigra. Common. Spores perfected in February. ([Plate IX.] figs. 195, 196.)

Melampsora Tremulæ, Tul. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores punctiform, prominent, or papillæform, numerous; spores tawny-yellow, elliptical or obovate; paraphyses slender; sori of perfect spores scattered, at length blackish; spores elongated, compressed, attenuated downwards, yellowish.—On leaves of Populus tremula. Common. Spores perfected during the winter.

Melampsora Betulina, Desm. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores bright yellow or orange, oblong, cylindrical, or obovate, truncate at the base, echinulate; paraphyses encircling or intermixed, obovate, smooth, hyaline; sori of perfect spores confluent, of an obscure brown in the winter, becoming of a bright orange when mature; spores elongated, attenuated below, polygonal, ochraceous.—On leaves of Betula alba. Common. Spores perfected in January and February. ([Plate IX.] figs. 189, 190.)

Melampsora Salicina, Lév. Epiphyllous or hypophyllous; sori, or heaps of summer spores, scattered, pale orange, bright orange, or cinereous; spores ovato-globose, paraphyses capitate, rarely obovate; sori of perfect spores epiphyllous, scattered or aggregate, at first yellowish-tawny, then brownish, at length nearly black, bullate; spores oblong, closely packed, and laterally compressed.—On Salix viminalis and S. capræa. Common. Spores perfected in February. ([Plate IX.] figs. 191, 192.)