APPENDIX.

TABLE I.
CHRONOLOGY OF TOBACCO.

A.D.
1496Romanus Paine published the first account of tobacco, under thename cohoba.
1519Tobacco discovered by the Spaniards near Tabasco.
1535Negroes cultivated it on the plantations of their masters.
”It was used at this time in Canada.
1559Tobacco introduced into Europe by Hernandez de Toledo.
1565Conrad Gesner became acquainted with tobacco.
”Sir John Hawkins brought tobacco from Florida.
1570Tobacco smoked in Holland out of tubes of palm-leaves.
1574Tobacco cultivated in Tuscany.
1575First figure of plant in André Thevot’s Cosmographie.
1585Clay pipes noticed by the English in Virginia.
”First clay pipes made in Europe.
1590Schah Abbas, of Persia, prohibited the use of tobacco in hisempire.
1601Tobacco introduced into Java. Smoking commenced in Egypt aboutthis time.
1604James I. laid heavy imposts on tobacco.
1610Tobacco-smoking known at Constantinople.
1615Tobacco first grown about Amersfort, in Holland.
1616The colonists cultivated tobacco in Virginia.
1619James I. wrote his “Counterblast.”
”Sale of tobacco prohibited in England till the custom should be paid,and the royal seal affixed.
1620Ninety young women sent from England to America, and sold to theplanters for tobacco at 120 lbs. each.
1622Annual import of tobacco into England from America, 142,085 lbs.
1624The Pope excommunicated all who should take snuff in church. KingJames restricted the culture of tobacco to Virginia and the Somer Isles.
1631Tobacco-smoking introduced into Misnia.
1634A tribunal formed at Moscow to punish smoking.
1639The Assembly of Virginia ordered that all tobacco planted in thatand the succeeding two years should be destroyed.
1653Smoking commenced at Appenzell (canton) in Switzerland.
1661The police regulations of Berne made, and divided according tothe ten commandments, in which tobacco was prohibited.
1669Adultery and fornication punished in Virginia by a fine of 500 to1000 lbs. of tobacco.
1670Smoking tobacco punished in the canton of Glarus by fines.
1676Customs on tobacco from Virginia collected in England, £120,000.
”Two Jews attempt the cultivation of tobacco in Brandenburg.
1689Dr. J. F. Vicarius invented tubes containing pieces of sponge forsmoking tobacco.
1691Pope Innocent XII. excommunicated all who used tobacco in St.Peter’s Church at Rome.
1697Large quantities of tobacco produced in the palatinate of Hesse.
1709Exports of tobacco from America, 28,858,666 lbs.
1719Senate of Strasburg prohibited the culture of tobacco.
1724Pope Benedict XIV. revoked Pope Innocent’s Bull ofexcommunication.
1732Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland, at one penny per lb.
1747Annual exports of tobacco to England from the American colonies,40,000,000 lbs.
1753The King of Portugal farmed out the tobacco trade for about£500,000.
”The revenue of the King of Spain from tobacco, £1,250,000.
1759Duties on tobacco in Denmark amounted to £8,000.
1770Empress of Austria derived an income of £160,000 from tobacco.
1773Duties on tobacco in the two Sicilies, £80,000.
1775Annual export of tobacco from the United States 1,000,000 lbs.
1780King of France derived an income of £1,500,000 from tobacco.
1782Annual export of tobacco during the seven years revolutionarywar, 12,378,504 lbs.
1787Tobacco imported into Ireland, 1,877,579 lbs.
1789Exports of tobacco from the United States, 90,000,000 lbs.
”Tobacco first put under the excise in England.
1820Quantity of tobacco grown in France, 32,887,500 lbs.
1828Tobacco revenue in the State of Maryland, £5,400.
1830Revenue from tobacco and snuff in Great Britain was 2¼ millionsof pounds.
1834Value of tobacco used in the United States estimated at£3,000,000.
1838Annual consumption of tobacco in the United States estimated at100,000,000 lbs.
1840It was ascertained that 1,500,000 persons were engaged in thecultivation and manufacture of tobacco in the United States.

TABLE II.
CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO.

COUNTRIES.Average consump.
of male population
per head, over 18 years of age.
lbs.		Nett Revenue
from Tobacco.
£
Austria6·751,212,530
Zollverein9·75296,560
Steurverein, including Hanover and Oldenburg12·5012,420
France5·503,058,356
Russia2·50284,280
Portugal3·50304,140
Spain4·751,268,082
Sardinia2·75246,192
Tuscany2·5084,860
Papal States2·00297,252
Two Sicilies...168,422
Britain4·105,272,471
Holland8·256,210
Belgium9·0028,014
Denmark8·0010,488
Sweden4·3714,766
Norway6·4023,322
United States7·60...

TABLE III.
DUTIES ON IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO.

per cent.
ad valorem.
United States30·
Belgium13·9
Great Britain933·3
Hanover9·6
Holstein10·
Holland3·5
Russia161·
Switzerland3·
Zollverein45·