Hero-Myths & Legends of the British Race

by M. I. Ebbutt

GLOSSARY AND INDEX

In the following Index no attempt is made to indicate the exact pronunciation of foreign names; but in the case of those from the Anglo-Saxon a rough approximation is given, as being often essential to the reading of the metrical versions. In these indications the letters have their ordinary English values; ĕ indicates the very light, obscure sound heard in the indefinite article in such a phrase as “with a rush.”

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z]

A
Abloec. See [Anlaf]
Achilles. His sulks, [184];
Cuchulain, “the Irish,” [184]
Adeon. Son of Eudav; grandson of Caradoc, [49]
Age. See [Golden Age]
Ailill. King of Connaught, husband of Queen Meave; to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, [189];
seeks aid of Fairy People of the Hills, [193]
Ailmar. King of Westernesse, [290];
welcomes and adopts Childe Horn, [291];
Princess Rymenhild, daughter of, [292];
dubs Horn knight, [297];
hears of Horn’s first exploit, [299];
Fikenhild betrays Horn and Rymenhild to, [300];
Horn returns to, [304];
reluctantly gives his daughter to Horn, [308];
Horn leaves Rymenhild to his care, [308], [309]
Aix-la-Chapelle. Wondrous springs of, [125];
Charlemagne at, [155]
Alef. King of Cornwall; Hereward at court of, [343];
casts Hereward into prison, [343];
his daughter releases Hereward, [344], [345];
Sigtryg sends forty Danes to, [348]
Alftruda. Ward of Edward the Confessor, [339];
Hereward’s first meeting with, [339];
rescues from Fairy Bear, [340], [341];
Hereward takes farewell of, [342]
Alice of Cloudeslee. Wife of William of Cloudeslee, [227];
outlaw husband visits, [227], [228];
rescued from burning house, [232];
thanks Adam Bell and Clym for delivering her husband, [240];
appointed chief woman of bedchamber to the royal children, [246]
All-Father. Praised for Beowulf’s victory over Grendel, [18]
Alto-bis-ca´r. Song of (a forgery), [120]
Anglesey. Same as Mona, [47]
Anglo-Saxon Nobility. Hereward the ideal of, [334], [335]
Anglo-Saxon Times. Legends regarding Constantine during, [42]
Ængus the Ever-Young. Irish people and wrath of, [158]
Anlaf. Same as Olaf, or Sihtricson; known to Welsh as Abloec or Habloc; romantic stories concerning, [73]
Anseis, Duke of. Mortally wounded, [143]
Arabia. Physicians from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Armagh. Capital of Ulster; Cuchulain and Emer dwell at, [186];
King Conor and heroes return to, [190];
heroes return to, [195]
Arnoldin, Sir. Cousin of Athulf; helps to save Rymenhild, [312];
King Ailmar nominates as his heir, [313]
Arthur, King. Uncle of Sir Gawayne, [265];
Christmas kept at Carlisle by, [266];
Guenever, queen of, [266];
uncle of Sir Gareth and Sir Mordred, [266];
damsel requests a boon of, [267];
his journey to Tarn Wathelan, and fight with giant, [269];
humiliated by the giant and released on certain conditions, [270];
his search for the answer to the giant’s question, [270-272];
learns it from the loathly lady, [272];
the ransom paid to giant, [273];
the loathly lady demands a young and handsome knight for husband for helping, [274];
Sir Gawayne offers to pay ransom for, [275];
summons court to hunt in greenwood near Tarn Wathelan, [276];
rebukes Sir Kay, [277];
his joy over his nephew’s wedding with the supposed loathly lady, [284], [285]
Arthurian Legend. Preserved by mediæval Wales, [265]
Arvon. Fertile land of, searched by ambassadors of Maxen Wledig, [47-49]
Asbrand. Brother of Biargey, [113];
helps Howard against Thorbiorn, [115]
Aschere (ask-herĕ). One of King Hrothgar’s thanes, carried off by Grendel’s mother, [21]
Athelbrus. King Ailmar’s steward, to train Childe Horn to be a knight, [291], [292];
induces Athulf to personate Horn, [293];
sends Horn to Princess Rymenhild, [294];
land of King Modi committed to care of, [313]
Athelstan. King of England; kinship of Anlaf with, [73]
Athelwold. King of England, father of Goldborough, [80];
his death and burial, [81]
Athulf. Horn’s favourite companion, [287];
personates Horn before Rymenhild, [293];
writes to Horn on behalf of Rymenhild, [303];
plans with Horn the rescue of Rymenhild, [308];
his father found at Suddene, [309], [310];
weds Reynild, [313]
Aude the Fair. Sister of Oliver, betrothed bride of Roland, [155];
Charlemagne promises his son Louis to, [155];
dies of grief for Roland’s loss, [155]
Augustus. Constantine’s elevation to rank of, [64]
Awe, Loch. Black Colin, Knight of, [249], [250];
Black Colin dwells at, with wife, [250];
Lady of, [251];
Black Colin far away from, [254];
Black Colin’s return to, [258]

B
Babylon, Emir of. Marsile’s vassal; defeated by Charlemagne, [154]
Baltic Sea. Forefathers who dwelt on shores of, [1]
Banier, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Barnesdale. Forest in South Yorkshire, once dwelling-place of Robin Hood, [314], [315];
Sir Richard of the Lea sets out for, to repay loan, [328]
Barton, Sir Andrew. Scottish hero, [248]
Basques. Attack Charlemagne, [119]
Bathstead. Place on shores of Icefirth near where Thorbiorn lived, [97-118]
Bean-stan. Father of Breca, [12]
Bedivere, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Beli. Son of Manogan; Britain conquered by Maxen Wledig from, [48]
Bell, Adam. Outlaw leader in forest of Englewood, [226];
declared powerless to deliver William of Cloudeslee, [233];
rescues William from death, [237], [238];
visit to London to see the king, [241];
the king pardons, [243]
Beo´wa. Stories of, crystallised in stories of Beowulf, [1]
Beo´wulf.
1. The poem of, [1].
2. Thane of Hygelac, King of Geats, [1];
son of Ecgtheow, [6];
nephew of King Hygelac, [6];
grandson of Hrethel, [6];
brought up at Geatish court, [6];
famous swimming match with Breca, [6];
his mighty hand-grip, [6];
sails for Denmark to attack Grendel, [6];
challenged by Warden of Denmark, [6];
declares his mission to Hrothgar, [10];
disparaged by Hunferth, [12];
honoured by Queen Wealhtheow, [14], [20];
struggles with Grendel, [16];
mortally wounds Grendel, [17];
vows to slay mother of Grendel, [23];
does so, [26];
carries off sword-hilt and Grendel’s head, [26];
sails to Geatland, [29];
welcomed by King Hygelac and Queen Hygd, [29], [30];
chief champion of Hygelac, [30];
refuses the throne in favour of Heardred, and becomes guardian of, [31];
again chosen King of Geatland, [31];
encounters with fire-dragon, [31-39];
recites slaying of Frankish warrior, Daghrefn, [35];
forsaken by Geats in his encounter with the fire-dragon, [36];
slays the dragon, [37];
his death and funeral, [39-41]
Berild. Son of King Thurston, [301];
slain by the Saracens, [302]
Bernard Brown. Danish magistrate; protects Havelok and Goldborough, [88-89]
Ber-na´r-do del Ca´r-pio. Hero in Spanish legend who defeats Roland, [121]
Bertram. Earl’s cook who befriended Havelok, [82-83];
marries one of Grim’s daughters and becomes Earl of Cornwall, [94]
Biargey. Wife of Howard the Halt, [97];
urges Howard to claim wergild for Olaf, [106], [107], [108];
Howard returns to, [111];
visits her brothers, Valbrand, Thorbrand, and Asbrand, [112], [113];
hails Thorbiorn while out fishing, [112];
urges Howard to seek vengeance, [113], [114]
Birkabeyn. Rule of, as king over Denmark, [74];
Swanborow and Elfleda, daughters of, and Havelok, son of, [74];
commits Havelok to care of Jarl Godard, [75];
death and funeral of, [75];
Jarl Ubbe, an old friend of, [87]
Black Colin of Loch Awe, [249];
son of Sir Nigel Campbell, [249];
Patterson, name of foster-parents, [250];
messenger tells of new crusade, [250];
decides to go on crusade, [251];
his wife’s grief, [251];
touches at Edinburgh and ships at Leith, en route to Holy Land, [253];
his desire to see Holy Land and Holy Sepulchre, [253];
reaches Rome, [253];
sees Pope, [253];
regards Pope as Vicar of Christ, [253];
journeys to Rhodes, [253];
takes service with Knights of St. John, [253];
a pilgrim at Jerusalem, [253];
letter in name of, forged by Baron MacCorquodale, [255];
falsely reported wounded by Saracens, [255];
hears news of wife’s impending second marriage, [257];
returns home, [258];
welcomed by foster-mother, [259];
disguised as a beggar, hands token to his wife, [262];
recognised and welcomed by his wife, [262]
Black Douglas. Scottish hero, [248]
Black Monk, The. Captured by Robin Hood’s followers, [330];
high cellarer in Abbey of St. Mary, [331];
Robin Hood confiscates his gold as repayment of loan to Sir Richard of the Lea, [331], [332];
departs from greenwood, [332]
Black Sainglain. One of Cuchulain’s magic steeds, [191]
Blancandrin. Vassal of King Marsile, [123];
overtaken by Ganelon, [130];
Ganelon and, plot Roland’s destruction, [131]
Blaye. Bodies of Roland, Oliver, and Turpin buried in cathedral of, [155]
Bluemire. Dwelling-place of Howard the Halt, [97]
Bog of Allen. Cathleen’s messenger declared to be sick in, [177]
Bors, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Bourne, Hall of. Home of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [336]
Brand. Trusted serving-man of Thorbiorn, [97], [102]
Breca. Famous swimming champion, beaten by Beowulf, [6];
son of Beanstan, [12]
Bricriu of the Bitter Tongue. Compared with Thersites, [186];
invites King Conor and Red Branch heroes to a feast, [186];
stirs up strife among heroes of Ulster, [187], [188];
flatters the wives of the heroes, [189], [190]
Brigit.
1. Of the Holy Fire; wrath of, and Irish people, [158].
2. Cathleen’s old servant, [173]
Briseis. Achilles and his sulks concerning, [184]
Britain. Legend of “The Dream of Maxen Wledig” shows importance of Constantine to, [42];
ambassadors of Maxen Wledig carried to, [47];
conquered by Maxen Wledig from Beli, son of Manogan, [48];
given by Maxen Wledig to Eudav, [49];
Elene summoned from, is baptized, and seeks the sacred Cross, [54-62];
Constantine sent to, [63];
Constantine proclaimed emperor of, [63]
Britons, Early, Greeks of Homer, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Brittany. Roland, prefect of marches of, [120]
Bruce, Robert. Scottish hero, [248];
Sir Nigel Campbell, adherent of, [249]

C
Caerlleon. See [Caernarvon], [49]
Caermarthen. See [Caernarvon], [49]
Caernarvon. Castle in land of Arvon in which Princess Helena dwelt, [48];
given with castles Caerlleon and Caermarthen to Princess Helena as dowry, [49]
Cain. Grendel, offspring of, [4]
Caledonians. Defeated by Constantius, [63]
Calidore, Sir. Mediæval Wales had a knight of courtesy equal to, [265]
Calvary. The hill of, [58], [59], [61]
Campbell, Sir Nigel. Leader in Scottish Independence, [249];
father of Black Colin, [249];
his death, [250];
clansmen of, accompany Black Colin to Holy Land, [252]
Caradoc. Father of Eudav; grandfather of Princess Helena, and of Princes Kynon and Adeon, [49]
Carlisle. Outlaw band near town of, in Englewood Forest, [226];
reference to sheriff of, [227];
William of Cloudeslee goes to, [227];
sheriff informed of William’s presence at, [229];
outlaws Adam Bell and Clym go to, [234];
the outlaws escape from, [239];
King Arthur keeps Christmas at, [266];
Sir Gawayne and loathly lady wedded at, [280]
Cathbad. Druid; Cuchulain’s tutor, [185]
Cathleen. Irish countess; legend concerning, [156];
antiquity of the legend, [156];
the story, [156-183];
her grief because of her people’s famine, [161];
prays to Virgin Mary, [163];
Fergus, steward of, [163];
value of her wealth, [164];
commands Fergus to provide food for sufferers from famine, [165];
her goodness extolled by the demons, [169];
hears of demon traders, [172];
tries to check traffic in souls, [174];
visits demons, [176];
Oona, foster-mother to, [178];
revisits demons, [179];
sells her soul, [179], [180];
her death, [182]
Catholic Church. Pope, head of, [119]
Celion. Constantine to send to, for Bishop Sylvester, [71]
Celtic Literature. Spirit of mysticism in all, [156]
Celts. Gospel preached to, by St. Patrick, [157];
Irish, early Britons, and Greeks of Homer, racial affinity between, [184]
Champion.
1. Of Erin: compared with Achilles, [184];
Cuchulain the, his fame at age of seventeen, [185];
Bricriu urges Laegaire to claim title of, [187];
title to go to warrior who obtains Champion’s Bit, [187];
tests to decide claims to title of, [193], [194], [196-203];
Uath the Stranger challenges the heroes to a test to decide claims to title, [199-203].
2. Of Women: Hereward known as, [351]
Champion of Ireland. See [Champion of Erin].
Champion’s Bit, The, [187], [188];
claimed by chariot-drivers of Laegaire, Conall, and Cuchulain, [188], [189];
awarded by Queen Meave to Laegaire, [195];
heroes severally claim, [195], [196];
tests to decide claims to, [196-203]
Chanson de Roland. Roland and, [121];
late version of Anglo-Norman poem, [122];
Thorold, author of, [122]
Charlemagne. World-famed equivalent, [119];
head of Roman Empire, [119];
Roland, nephew of, [119];
expedition into Spain, [119];
receives an embassage from Marsile, [124];
calls his Twelve Peers to council, [125];
sends Ganelon to Saragossa, [128-130];
receives through Ganelon the keys of Saragossa, [134];
his evil dream, [134], [137];
hears Roland’s horn, [145], [146];
hastens to the rescue, [146];
avenges death of Roland and the Peers, [153], [154];
his return to Aix, [155];
his son, Louis, promised to Aude the Fair, [155]
Charles the Great. King of the Franks, world-famed as Charlemagne, [119].
See [Charlemagne]
Childe Horn. See [Horn]
Chosen People. The Jews the, [56]
Christ. The Cross the sign of, [53];
the Resurrection of, preached to Constantine, [53];
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred Cross, [54];
inhabitants of Suddene who believe on, threatened with death, [287]
Christendom. Enriched by treasures of the True Cross and Holy Nails, [62]
Christian-s. Preach the way of life to Constantine, [53];
the Lord of, [57];
faith, in Iceland, [96], [97];
law, to be driven out of Suddene by law of Mahomet, [287]
Church of Rome. Constantine’s generosity to, [42]
Churchmen. Beaten and battered by Gamelyn, [217]
Cinderella. Root idea of, similar to “Gamelyn,” [204]
Clym of the Cleugh. Outlaw leader in forest of Englewood, [226];
declared powerless to deliver William of Cloudeslee, [233];
his stratagem to save William of Cloudeslee, [234];
rescues William from death, [238];
visits London to see the king, [241];
the king pardons, [243]
Colin, Black. See [Black Colin], [249]
Comala. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, [248]
Conall Cearnach. Cuchulain’s cousin, a Red Branch chief, [187];
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, [187];
awarded Champion’s Portion, [195];
claim tested by Curoi, [196-203];
disgraced by Uath, [201]
Confessio Amantis. Early English poem, by “the moral Gower,” [42];
story told in, of Constantine’s true charity, [64]
Connaught. Ailill, King of, [189];
heroes sent to Cruachan in, [190]
Conor. King of Ulster, [185];
Cuchulain, nephew of, [185];
Dechtire, sister of, [185];
invited with the heroes of Red Branch to a feast by Bricriu, [186];
received with court at Dundrum by Bricriu, [188]
Conqueror, William the. Cause of England being laid at feet of, [338]
Constantine III. King of Scotland; marriage of Anlaf with daughter of, [73]
Constantine the Great. Emperor of Rome; renown in mediæval England, [42];
Cynewulf’s poem, “Elene,” written on the subject of his conversion, [42];
his vision of the Holy Cross, [42], [50], [51];
generosity to Church of Rome and Bishop Sylvester, [42];
legends concerning, [42];
the only British-born Roman emperor, [49];
his greatness provokes a confederation to overthrow him by Huns, Goths, Franks, and Hugas, [50];
conquers Huns by Cross standard, [52];
Christians preach the way of life to, [53];
is baptized into the Christian faith, [53];
his desire to find the sacred Cross, [54];
sends for Elene, [54];
ordains “Holy Cross Day,” [62];
eldest son of Constantius, [63];
sent to Britain, [63];
proclaimed emperor, [63];
granted title of “Cæsar,” [64];
marriage with Fausta, [64];
elevation to rank of Augustus, [64];
Emperor of Rome, [64];
attacked by leprosy, [64];
the remedies suggested, [65-72];
his noble resolve, [68];
his vision, [69-70];
his healing, [71-72]
Constantius. Emperor Maxentius hero of the Welsh saga instead of, [42];
father of Constantine the Great, [63];
proclaimed Emperor of Britain, [63]
Cornish Princess, The. Daughter of King Alef, affianced to Prince Sigtryg, [343], [344], [345], [346];
Haco betrothed to, [347], [348];
receives token from Hereward, [348];
reveals Haco’s plans to Hereward, [349];
rescued from Haco, [350];
guards, all slain, [351];
wedded by Sigtryg, [351]
Cornwall. Godrich, Earl of, [80];
Bertram made Earl of, [94];
Hereward sails for, [343];
Alef, King of, [343];
Sigtryg and Hereward sail for, [347]
Coventry. Lady Godiva’s ride through, [335]
Crescent. Cross exalted above the, [253]
Cross. The Holy, Constantine’s vision of, [42], [50], [51];
Romans conquer Huns by, [52];
the people awed by the standard of the, [53];
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred, [54];
Elene’s quest after, [54-62];
secret place of, revealed by Judas, [61];
“Holy Cross Day” ordained, [62]
Cruachan. Conor sends heroes to Ailill at, [190];
Good People’s Hill at, [193];
heroes bid farewell to court at, [195]
Crusade-s. Reference to, [249];
Black Colin receives tidings of one about to be set on foot, [250];
Black Colin decides to go on, [251];
story of Horn typical of romance of the, [286]
Cuchulain. Reference to Connla and, [95];
Irish hero, [156];
often called “the Irish Achilles,” [184];
nephew of King Conor and son of Dechtire, [185];
god Lugh, reputed father of, [185];
champion in Ulster and all Ireland, [185];
bride sought for, [186];
wooes and weds Emer, daughter of Forgall the Wily, [186];
Conall Cearnach, cousin of, [187];
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, [188];
Grey of Macha and Black Sainglain, magic steeds of, [191];
awarded golden cup and Champion’s Portion, [195];
claim tested by Curoi, [196-203];
answers Uath’s tests, [202];
acclaimed Champion of Heroes of all Ireland, [203]
Curoi of Munster. Failing a judgment from Ailill, to be asked to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, [190];
heroes go to, to hear his judgment, [196];
puts heroes to certain tests in order to decide claims, [196-203];
assumes form of giant under name of Uath, the Stranger, [199-203]
Curtius. Reference to, [156]
Cuthbert. Name under which Childe Horn serves King Thurston in Ireland, [301], [302]
Cynewulf (ki´nĕ-wulf). Early English religious poet; “Elene,” his poem on the subject of conversion of Constantine the Great, [42]
Cyriacus. Baptismal name of Judas, [61];
Bishop of Jerusalem, [61]

D
Dagda. Irish people and wrath of, [158]
Da´g-hrefn. Frankish warrior who slays Hygelac; killed by Beowulf’s deadly hand-grip, [35]
Danes. Corpse of Scyld sorrowfully placed in vessel by, [2];
feasting of, in Heorot, [4];
slain in Heorot by Grendel, [4];
desert Heorot, [5];
welcome Geats and Beowulf, [10];
rejoice over Beowulf’s victory, [18-29];
friendship with Geats, [30];
Gospel preached to, [157];
Prince Sigtryg sends forty to King Alef, [348];
plan ambush for Haco, [350];
rescue Cornish princess, [350], [351]
Danish.
1. Occupation of England and its influence on language, &c., [73].
2. Invasions, hero-legends which have come down from times of, [286]
Danube. Huns overwhelmed in, [52]
Dechtire. Sister of King Conor, [185]
Decius. Reference to, [156]
Demons. Appear in Erin to buy souls, [168];
visited by Cathleen, [176];
revisited by her, [179];
Cathleen sells her soul to, to ransom her people, [179];
cheated of Cathleen’s soul, [182]
Denmark. Under sway of Scyld Scefing, [2];
Scyld Scefing mysteriously comes to, as babe, [2];
Beowulf sails to deliver King of, from Grendel, [6];
Warden of, challenges Beowulf, [6];
King Birkabeyn’s rule over, [74];
Godard made regent of, on behalf of Havelok, [75];
Havelok sails from, with Grim, [80];
Havelok’s dream concerning, [86];
Havelok’s return to, and recognition as King of, [87-92]
Diarmuit. Irish hero, [156]
Diocletian. Emperor; Constantine evades jealousy of, [63]
Dodderer. Horse offered as wergild by Thorbiorn to Howard, [107]
Dover. Princess Goldborough imprisoned in castle of, [81];
Hereward sails from, to Whitby, [339]
Dublin. Demons arrive at village near, [168]
Dundrum. Bricriu receives King Conor and court at, [188]
Dunstan. Monk; his saintly reputation, [335]
Durendala. Roland’s famous sword, [136];
Roland tries in vain to break, [152]

E
Ecgtheow (eg´theow). Father of Beowulf, [10];
shielded by Hrothgar against Wilfings, [11]
Edinburgh. Black Colin at, en route to Holy Land, [253]
Edward.
1. The First: reference to war between England and Scotland during reign of, [249];
2. The Second: reference, ibid., [249].
3. The Confessor: division of England under, [335];
Hereward at court of, [337], [338];
banishes Hereward, [338], [339];
Alftruda, ward of, [339]
Egypt. Constantine’s valour in wars in, [64];
philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Electra. Reference to Orestes and, [95]
Elena. Same as Elene and Helena, [63]
“Elene” (elā´nĕ). Cynewulf’s poem of, on the subject of Constantine’s conversion, [42];
summoned from Britain by Constantine, is baptized, and seeks the sacred Cross, [54-62].
Same as Helena (Elena), [63]
Elfleda the Fair. Daughter of King Birkabeyn, [74];
slain by Godard, [76]
Ely. Hereward’s defence of, [334]
Emer. Daughter of Forgall the Wily; wooed and wedded by Cuchulain, [186];
flattered by Bricriu, [189];
flattered by Queen Meave, [195];
adjudged by Uath to have first place among all the women of Ulster, [203]
Engelier the Gascon. Mortally wounded, [143]
England. Mediæval, and Constantine the Great, [42];
influence on language by Danish occupation, [73];
Athelstan, King of, [73];
Athelwold, King of, [80];
Grim sails from Denmark to, [80];
arrives at, in Humber (Grimsby), [81];
Havelok’s dream concerning, [86];
Fergus journeys to, [165];
the outlaw of mediæval, [225];
King of, pardons outlaws, William of Cloudeslee, &c., [243];
war between Scotland and, [249];
government of, during twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries, [314];
division of, under Edward the Confessor, [335];
cause of being laid at Conqueror’s feet, [338]
Englewood. Outlaws in forest of, under Adam Bell, William of Cloudeslee, and Clym of the Cleugh, [226];
outlaw band broken up, [247]
Ercol. Ailill’s foster-father; heroes sent to, [194]
Erin. See [Ireland], [157];
demons appear in, [168];
Champion of, compared with Achilles, [184];
land of, searched for bride for Cuchulain, [186]
Eudav. Son of Caradoc, father of Princess Helena, [49];
Kynon and Adeon, sons of, [49]
Europe. Ruled from City of Seven Hills (Rome) by Emperor Maxen Wledig, [43];
Constantine granted rule over Western, [64];
relation between Greek and Irish literature among literatures of, [184]
Evil One. Tales relating dealings with, reference to, [157];
demons buy souls for, [168-182]
Excalibur. King Arthur’s sword, [269]

F
Fairy Bear, The. A white Polar bear owned by Gilbert of Ghent, [340];
reputed kinship of, to Earl Siward, [340], [342];
slain by Hereward, [341];
Hereward’s trick on Norman knights with, [341], [342]
Fairy People of the Hills. King Ailill seeks aid of, [193]
Faith. Bishop Sylvester preaches the Christian, to Constantine, [71];
Charlemagne fights for, [119];
Marsile to embrace the Christian, [131];
the true, English knowledge of, [165];
Irish sufferers tempted to revolt from, [167]
Fall, The, of Man, [71]
Faust. Legends, trend of, [157]
Fausta. Daughter of Emperor Maximian and wife of Constantine, [64]
Fedelm. Wife of Laegaire, [189]
Fen Country. Hereward, the terror of the, [336]
Fenians. Champions of the, identical with Highland Gaelic heroes, [248]
Fergus the White. Cathleen’s steward, [163];
foster-brother to Cathleen’s grandfather, [164];
declares value of Cathleen’s wealth, [164];
sends servant to buy food at Ulster, [165];
journeys to England, [165];
returns with help, [182]
Fikenhild. Horn’s companion next in favour to Athulf, [287];
spies on Horn and Rymenhild, [299], [300];
demands Rymenhild in marriage, [311];
slain by Horn, [313]
Fingal. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, [248];
Scotch embodiment of Finn, [248]
Finn. Fingal Scotch embodiment, [248]
Finn of the Frisians. Victory of Danes over, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Finnsburg. Fight in, sung of in Heorot, [19]
Fitela. Son of Sigmund; glory of, chanted by Danish bard, [18]
Flemings. Or Normans; Hereward enrolled among, to qualify for knighthood, [339];
Hereward’s trick on, with Fairy Bear, [341], [342]
Forefathers. Feelings of our, embodied in “Beowulf,” [1]
Forgall the Wily. Cuchulain wooes Emer, daughter of, [186]
France. Victories of Charlemagne for, [119];
Charlemagne sets out for, [134]
Frankish.
1. Warrior, Daghrefn, slays Hygelac, and is slain by Beowulf, [35].
2. Army marches towards Pyrenees, [134];
arrives too late to rescue Roland, [146]
Franks. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), King of, [119];
Saracen host encamps near, [134];
and Moors meet in battle, [140];
defeat the Saracens, [141];
attacked by second Saracen army, [142];
defeat the heathens once more, [143];
attacked by third Saracen army, [144]
French Literature, developing “Roland Saga,” [121]
Friar Tuck. See [Tuck]

G
Galerius. Constantine evades hatred of, [63];
grants Constantine title of “Cæsar,” [63]
Gamelyn. Tale of, a variant of fairy-tale “Wicked Elder Brothers,” [204];
ultimate source, through Lodge’s “Euphues’ Golden Legacy,” of As You Like It, [204];
literary ancestor of “Robin Hood,” [204];
Sir John of the Marshes, father of, [205];
left in charge of eldest brother, John, [206];
resists him, [207], [208];
victorious at wrestling match, [210], [211];
overcomes his brother’s servants, [212];
allows himself to be chained, [213];
released by Adam Spencer, [214], [215];
batters the Churchmen, [217];
puts his brother John in chains, [217];
puts sheriff’s men to flight, [218];
goes to the greenwood, [219];
joins the outlaws, [220];
proclaimed a wolf’s-head, [220];
arrested, [221];
Otho offers himself as surety, [221];
fails to appear at court, [222], [223];
releases Otho, [223];
sits on judge’s seat and condemns Sir John, [224];
made chief forester by King Edward, [224];
made Otho’s heir, [224]
Ganelon. Romance version of Danilo or Nanilo, [121];
compared with Judas, [121];
one of Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers, [125];
his hostility to Roland, [126];
plots with Blancandrin the destruction of Roland, [131];
delivers to Marsile the message of Charlemagne, [131], [132];
swears on sacred relics the treacherous death of Roland, [134];
delivers keys of Saragossa to Charlemagne, [134];
deceives Charlemagne concerning sound of Roland’s horn, [145], [146];
arrested for treason, [146];
his death as a traitor, [155];
his name a byword in France for treachery, [155]
Gareth, Sir. One of King Arthur’s nephews, [266]
Gascons. Attack Charlemagne, [119]
Gautier, Count. Roland’s vassal, [136]
Gawayne, Sir. King Arthur’s nephew, the true Knight of Courtesy, [265];
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, [274];
learns the price to be paid for the loathly lady’s secret, [275];
offers to pay it by marrying the loathly lady, [275];
betroths the loathly lady, [279], [280];
weds the loathly lady, [280];
his choice frees the loathly lady from magic spells, [281], [283];
the beauty of his bride, [281-285]
Geatish Court. Beowulf brought up at, [6]
Geatland. Same as Götaland; news of Grendel’s ravages reaches, [6];
Beowulf sails to, [29];
welcomed to shores of, [29], [30]
Geats. Hygelac, King of, [1];
Götaland, realm of, [5];
arrival with Beowulf at Danish shores, [7];
friendship with Danes, [30];
forsake Beowulf in his encounter with the fire-dragon, [36];
their sorrow over Beowulf’s death, [40-41]
Gerier. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, [143]
Gerin. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, [143]
Germany. Forefathers who dwelt in North, [1];
Hygelac seeks conquest of his neighbours on mainland of, [5]
Ghent. See [Gilbert]
Gilbert of Ghent. Hereward’s godfather, [339];
Hereward received by, [339];
his Fairy Bear, slain by Hereward, [340], [341];
Hereward quits his castle, [342];
Hereward takes farewell of, [343]
Glenurchy. Glen belonging to MacGregors, given to Sir Nigel Campbell, [249];
Black Colin inherits, [250];
Lady of, grieves over her husband’s departure on crusade, [251];
Baron MacCorquodale’s land borders, [256];
Black Colin’s return to, [258];
new castle built with rents of, [264]
God. The Unknown, reverenced by Constantine, [51];
the people awed by the token of the Unknown, [53];
worship of the True, [157];
famine cools love for, [167]
Godard, Jarl. Counsellor and friend of King Birkabeyn, [75];
Havelok committed to care of, [75];
regency over Denmark, [75];
his cruelty, [76-78];
his treachery disclosed and punished by death, [91-92]
Godhild. Queen of Suddene, King Murry’s consort, the mother of Horn, [286];
hears of husband’s death and flees, [288]
Godiva, Lady. Wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [335];
her famous ride through Coventry, [335];
Hereward, second son of, [336]
Godrich. Earl of Cornwall, regent for Princess Goldborough, [80];
his rule, [81];
imprisons Princess Goldborough out of jealousy, [81];
attends sports at Lincoln, [83];
hears of Havelok’s skill and strength, [83];
enforces a marriage between Havelok and Goldborough, [84];
captured, tried as a traitor, and burnt at the stake, [93-94]
Godwin. Earl of Kent, [335];
Lady Gytha, wife of, [335];
intercedes on behalf of Hereward, [338];
Hereward bids farewell to, [339]
Goldborough. English princess, daughter of King Athelwold; orphaned, [80];
Earl Godrich regent for, [80];
imprisoned in Dover Castle, [81];
forced to wed Havelok, [84];
learns in a dream of Havelok’s royal birth, [86];
crowned Queen of England, [94]
Golden Age. Forefathers cherished lifetime of ancestors as, [1]
Götaland. Realm of Geats, in south of Sweden, [5].
See [Geatland], [7]
Goths. Form a confederation with the Huns, Franks, and Hugas to overthrow Constantine, [50]
Gower, “The Moral.” Early English poet; his poem “Confessio Amantis” and Constantine’s conversion, [42];
story told in “Confessio Amantis” of Constantine’s true charity, [64]
Greece. Philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Greek-s. Elene touches at land of, [56];
literature, relation of, to Irish literature, [184];
of Homer, early Britons, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Grendel. A loathsome fen-monster, [3];
enmity aroused by the feasting at Heorot, [4];
slays and devours Danes in Heorot, [4];
master of Heorot, [5];
Beowulf determines to attack, [6];
struggles with Beowulf in Heorot, [16];
worsted by Beowulf, [17];
mother of, avenges his death, [21]
Grey of Macha. Cuchulain’s best-beloved horse, [191]
Grim. Legendary hero whose loyalty secured privileges to Grimsby, [74];
Godard’s thrall, [77];
ordered to drown Havelok, [77];
saves and maintains Havelok, [79-82];
sails from Denmark to England, [80];
sends Havelok to Lincoln, [82];
his death, [85];
his three sons, Robert the Red, William Wendut, and Hugh the Raven, [87]
Grimsby. The town of Grim, [74];
Havelok at fish-market of, [82];
battle near, between Havelok and Godrich, [93]
Gudrun. Reference to Siegfried and, [95]
Guenever, Queen. Wife of King Arthur, [266];
dreads magic arts during husband’s absence, [274];
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, [274];
welcomes the loathly lady at court, [280]
Guest, The Wise. Sister of, marries Thorbiorn, [103];
Howard seeks at the Thing, [108], [109], [110];
his judgment against Thorbiorn, [110], [111];
removes his sister from Thorbiorn, [111];
gives judgment at Thing against Howard, [118]
Gytha, Lady. Wife of Godwin, Earl of Kent, [335]

H
Habloc. Welsh name for Havelok, [73]
Haco. Cornish leader; betrothed to the Cornish princess, [347];
Cornish princess reveals plans of, to Hereward, [349];
ambush planned for, [350];
slain by Hereward, [350]
Harold. Son of King Thurston, [301];
slain by the Saracens, [302]
Hart, The. See [Heorot], [3]
Hastings. Battle of, and “Song of Roland,” [122]
Hathcyn. Son of King Hrethel, brought up with Beowulf; slays his brother, Herebeald, [34];
slain himself by Swedes, [35]
Hauteclaire. Oliver’s sword, [141]
Havelok the Dane. Legend of, [73];
Anlaf, equivalent, [73];
hero of the strong arm, in mediæval England, [74];
son of King Birkabeyn of Denmark, [74];
committed to care of Jarl Godard, [75];
imprisoned by Godard, [76-77];
saved and maintained by Grim, [78-82];
brought by Grim to England, [80];
his feats of strength, [82-84];
Goldborough forced to wed, [84-85];
Grim’s three sons accompany to Denmark, [87];
aided by Jarl Ubbe, [88-93];
Ubbe recognises as heir to throne of Denmark, and renders homage to, [90-91];
acknowledged King of Denmark, [92];
and of England, [94]
Healfdene (ha´lf-dānĕ). Father of King Hrothgar, [9]
Heardred (ha´rd-red). Son of Hygelac and Hygd; succeeds his father, [31];
his death, [31]
Hector. Reference to death of, [95]
Helena. British princess; marriage with Constantine glorified in “Mabinogion,” [42];
hailed as Empress of Rome, [48], [49];
receives three castles as dowry, Caernarvon, Caerlleon, and Caermarthen, [49];
mother of Constantine the Great, [63]
Hell. The purchase of souls for, [170-183];
Cathleen sells her soul to, [179]
Hengest. Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Heorot (hyo´r-ŏt). Hall built by Hrothgar, [3];
same as “The Hart,” [3];
enmity of Grendel to, [4];
feasting of Danes in, [4];
Danes slaughtered in, by Grendel, [4];
deserted by Danes, [5];
Grendel master of, [5];
Geats proceed to, [9];
feast in, to welcome Beowulf, [12];
Grendel and Beowulf struggle in, [16];
Grendel’s mother enters and carries off Aschere, [21]
Herebeald (he´rĕ-bald). Son of King Hrethel, brought up with Beowulf, [34]
Hereward. One of the famous outlaws, [225];
the Saxon, personality real, yet surrounded by cloud of romance, [334];
the ideal of Anglo-Saxon chivalry, as Roland of Norman, [334];
second son of Leofric and Godiva, [336];
terror of Fen Country, [336];
at court, and his conduct there, [337];
banished as an outlaw, [338], [339];
his farewell, [338], [339];
his first meeting with Alftruda, [339];
goes to his godfather, Gilbert of Ghent, [339];
enrolled among Flemings to qualify for knighthood, [339];
his encounter with the Fairy Bear, [340], [341];
rescues Alftruda, [341];
his trick on the Norman knights, [341], [342];
leaves Northumbria, [342];
takes farewell of Alftruda, [342];
takes farewell of Gilbert of Ghent, [343];
sails for Cornwall, [343];
at court of King Alef, [343];
kills the Pictish giant, [343];
imprisoned by King Alef, [343];
released by King Alef’s daughter, [344], [345];
sails for Ireland, [346];
sails for Cornwall with Prince Sigtryg, [347];
obtains admission to Haco’s bridal feast, [348];
learns Haco’s plans, [349];
slays Haco and helps to rescue Cornish princess, [350], [351];
known as Hereward the Saxon, the Champion of Women, [351]
Herod. Constantine declared more cruel than, [67]
Het-ware, The. Expedition against, [31], [34]
Highlands. Gaelic, old ballads, heroes in, [248];
ballads, merely versions of Irish Gaelic hero-legends, [248];
Irish Gaelic hero-legends carried from Erin to, [248]
Hildeburh, Queen. Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Hnæf (năf). Deeds of, chanted in Heorot, [19]
Holy Cross. Constantine’s vision of, [42], [50], [51];
his desire to find, [54];
Elene’s quest after, [54-62];
Judas confesses to knowledge of sacred truth of, [57];
Judas refuses to reveal place of, at first, but is prevailed upon by starvation, [58], [59];
the “Day” of, ordained, [62]
Holy Innocents. Constantine declared more cruel than Herod, who killed the, [67]
Holy Land. Black Colin receives tidings of fresh crusade in, [250];
sets out for, [252];
Black Colin’s desire to see, [253]
Holy Nails. Obtained by Elene, [61];
given to Constantine, [62]
Holy Rood. King Arthur vows by, [268];
giant forces him to swear by, [270]
Holy Sepulchre. Black Colin’s desire to see, [253]
Holy Tree. See [Holy Cross]
Homer. Greeks of, early Britons, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, [184]
Hood, Robin. See [Robin Hood]
Horn. His story originally a story of Viking raids, [286];
son of King Murry and Queen Godhild, [286], [308];
Athulf, and next Fikenhild, his favourite companions, [287];
captured by Saracens, [288];
cast adrift upon the sea, [288], [289];
lands on shore of Westernesse, [289];
questioned by King of Westernesse, [290];
adopted by King Ailmar, [291];
Athelbrus trains as a knight, [291], [292];
loved by Princess Rymenhild, [292];
Athulf personates before Princess Rymenhild, [293];
welcomed to Rymenhild’s bower, and hears her declaration of love, [294], [295];
dubbed knight, [297];
his first exploit, [298];
spied on by Fikenhild, [299], [300];
banished by King Ailmar, [300];
sails for Ireland, [301];
serves King Thurston under name of Cuthbert, [301];
slays the giant emir, [301], [302];
King Thurston offers his kingdom and daughter to, [302];
receives letter from Rymenhild, [304];
reveals his identity to King Thurston and implores his help, [304];
returns to Westernesse, accompanied by Irish knights, [304];
in disguise, visits Rymenhild’s wedding feast, [305];
his stratagem to test Rymenhild’s love, [306], [307];
the fictitious death of, [307];
reveals his identity to Rymenhild, [307];
arranges with Athulf to deliver Rymenhild, [308];
weds Rymenhild, [308];
reconquers Suddene, [310];
finds his mother, [310], [311];
crowned King of Suddene, [311];
warned in dream of Rymenhild’s danger, [311];
his return to Westernesse, [311], [312];
slays Fikenhild, [313];
dwells at Suddene with Rymenhild, [313]
Howard the Halt. Popular Icelandic saga, [96];
famous Viking, [97];
Biargey, wife of, [97];
Olaf, son of, [97];
upbraids Olaf, [100];
removes from Bathstead, [103];
mourns Olaf’s death, [106];
claims wergild for Olaf, [106-111];
sheltered by Steinthor, [108], [109];
urged by Biargey to seek vengeance, [106], [107], [113];
seeks help of Valbrand, [114];
slays Thorbiorn, [116];
sheltered by Steinthor, [117];
judgment of Thing against, [118];
his nephews exiled, [118]
Hrethel (rethel). Father of Hygelac and grandfather of Beowulf, [6];
Beowulf and the king’s sons, Herebeald, Hathcyn, and Hygelac, [34];
Beowulf recites his death, [35]
Hrethric (re´th-ric). Son of Hrothgar; succeeds his father, [31]
Hrothgar (roth´gār). Great-grandson of Scyld, [2];
builds the hall Heorot, or “The Hart,” [3];
grief of, over Grendel’s fierce ravages, [4];
champions offer aid to, [5];
Geats conducted to, [8];
son of Healfdene, [9];
Wealhtheow, wife of, [14];
rejoices over Beowulf’s victory, [18-29];
Aschere, thane of, carried off by Grendel’s mother, [21];
grief of, over loss of Aschere, [22];
succeeded by his son Hrethric, [31]
Hrunting (runting). Hunferth’s sword, lent Beowulf for the purpose of attacking Grendel’s mother, [23-25]
Hugas. See [Huns], [50]
Hugh the Raven. Youngest son of Grim; accompanies Havelok to Denmark, [87]
Humber. Grim arrives in, [81]
Hunferth. Hrothgar’s orator, jealous of Beowulf, [12];
lends Beowulf his sword, Hrunting, [23], [24]
Huns. Form a confederation with the Goths, Franks, and Hugas to overthrow Constantine, [50];
Romans conquer by Cross standard, [52]
Hygd. Wife of King Hygelac; hails Beowulf’s return to Geatland, [29], [30];
offers crown to Beowulf, [31]
Hygelac (hē´gĕ-lac). King of Geats, [1];
son of King Hrethel, [5], [34];
brother-in-law of Ecgtheow, [6];
uncle of Beowulf, [6];
hails Beowulf’s return to Geatland, [29], [30];
Beowulf chief champion of, [30];
slain in expedition against the Hetware, [31];
succeeded by his son, Heardred, [31];
brought up with brothers, Herebeald and Hathcyn, and Beowulf, [34]

I
Icefirth. Thorbiorn in, [97]
Iceland. Christian faith in, [96], [97]
Icelandic.
1. Saga, “Howard the Halt,” [96].
2. Ghosts, reference to, [96]
Innis Eoalan. The Lady of Loch Awe builds a castle on ruins of White House on, [257]
Innocents, Holy. Constantine declared more cruel than Herod, who killed the, [67]
Ireland. Characteristics common to people of, [156];
known in olden Europe as “Isle of Saints,” [157];
Gospel preached to people of, [157];
High King of, convinced of truth of Trinity, [157];
strife in, [158];
famine in, [159-183];
famine tempts people to revolt from the True Faith, [167];
demons arrive in, [168];
Cuchulain without fear among the champions of, [185];
Horn at, [301-304];
Horn touches at, on way to Suddene, [313];
Sigtryg, son of a Danish king, in, [343];
Hereward sails for, [346]
Irish. Relation of literature, to Greek literature, [184];
Celts, early Britons, and Greeks of Homer, one stock, [184];
heroes, and legends concerning, [248]
Isle of Saints. See [Ireland], [157]
Italy. Claims Roland in guise of Orlando, Orlando Furioso, Orlando Innamorato, [121]

J
Jerusalem. The place where Christ suffered, [54];
Elene’s quest in, to find the sacred Cross, [54-62];
Constantine and Elene build a glorious church in, [61];
Cyriacus (Judas) Bishop of, [61];
messenger to Black Colin familiar with all holy places in, [250];
Black Colin as a pilgrim at, [253]
Jesus Christ. The Cross the sign of, [53];
the Resurrection and Ascension of, preached to Constantine, [53]
Jews. Elene’s quest to land of, to find sacred Cross, [55-58];
the Chosen People, [56];
summoned, but dismissed in peace, by Elene, [58]
John.
1. Son of Sir John of the Marshes, [205];
Gamelyn left in charge of, [206];
Gamelyn resists, [207], [208];
his great feast, [216];
put in chains by Gamelyn, [217];
proclaims Gamelyn a wolf’s-head, [220];
his death by hanging, [224].
2. Little. See [Little John]
Joseph and his brethren, “Gamelyn,” a version of story of, [204]
Judæa. See [Jerusalem]
Judas. Grandson of Zacchæus; confesses to knowledge of secret truth of Holy Tree, [57];
refuses at first to disclose the secret place of the Holy Cross, but is prevailed upon by starvation, [58], [59];
baptismal name Cyriacus, [61];
Ganelon compared with, [121]
Judgment, Day of, [71]
Julius Cæsar and early Britons, [184]

K
Kay, Sir. Steward of King Arthur’s household, [266];
jeers at loathly lady, [277]
Kent. Earldom of, held by Godwin, [335]
Kerry. Champions drive to, [196]
Kilchurn Castle. New castle built with rents of Glenurchy, [264]
Knight of Courtesy. The true, is Sir Gawayne, King Arthur’s nephew, [265]
Knight of Loch Awe. Equivalent, Black Colin Campbell, [249]
Kynon. Son of Eudav, grandson of Caradoc, [49]

L
Lady of Glenurchy. Grief of, [251];
the gold ring token, [252];
wooed by Baron MacCorquodale, [254-257];
receives forged letter, [255];
her stratagem to delay her marriage, [256];
builds a castle on ruins of White House on Innis Eoalan, [256], [257];
recognises and welcomes her husband, [262]
Lady of Loch Awe. Same as Lady of Glenurchy, [251]
Lae-gai´re. Bricriu urged to claim title of, [187];
Fedelm, wife of, [189];
awarded Champion’s Portion by Queen Meave, [195];
claim tested by Curoi, [196-203];
disgraced by Uath, [201]
Lancelot, Sir. A Knight of the Round Table, [266]
Lea, Sir Richard of the. Stranger guest of Robin Hood’s, [323]
Leith. Black Colin takes ship at, for Holy Land, [253]
Lendabair. Conall’s wife, [189]
Leofric. Earl of Mercia, [335];
Lady Godiva, wife of, [335];
Hereward, second son of, [336];
Hall of Bourne, home of, [336];
his wrath kindled against Hereward, [337];
asks for writ of outlawry against Hereward, [338];
Hereward bids farewell to, [339]
Leofricsson, Hereward. See [Hereward]
Leve (lāvĕ). Wife of Grim the fisherman, [78]
Lightfoot, Martin. Hereward’s follower who accompanied him into exile, [339];
assists Hereward in his trick on Norman knights, [341], [342];
cast into prison by King Alef, [343];
released by King Alef’s daughter, [344], [345]
Lincoln. Grim carries fish to, [81];
Havelok goes to, [82];
Havelok becomes porter, [82];
Havelok’s fame in, [83];
Godrich summons his army to, against Havelok, [93];
Godrich’s trial and death at, [94]
Little John. One of Robin Hood’s followers, [315];
searches the stranger knight’s coffer, [319];
counts out four hundred pounds to stranger guest, [322], [323];
acts as squire to Sir Richard of the Lea, [323-327]
Loathly Lady, The, and King Arthur, [271-274];
demands of King Arthur a young and handsome knight for husband, as price of her help, [274];
Sir Gawayne offers to wed, [275];
Sir Kay jeers at, [277];
her betrothal to Sir Gawayne, [279];
her marriage with Sir Gawayne, [280];
set free from magic spells, [281-285]
Loch Awe. See [Awe, Loch]
London. Visit to, of William of Cloudeslee and fellow outlaws, [241]
Louis. Charlemagne’s son, Count of the Marshes, promised to Aude the Fair, [155]
Lugh of the Long Hand. Great god, reputed father of Cuchulain, [185]

M
Mabinogion. A series of Welsh legends; glorifies marriage of British princess Helena and Constantine, [42]
MacCorquodale, Baron. Wooes the Lady of Loch Awe, [254-257];
his stratagem of a forged letter, [255];
hears of Black Colin’s return, [263]
MacGregors. Expelled from Glenurchy, [249]
Mahomet. Saracens declare determination to win land of Suddene according to law of, [287];
faith of, thrown off by Saracens for the true faith, [310]
Mairi. Old widow in whose house the demon traders lived, [173]
Marsile. King of Moors; defies Charlemagne, [122];
idols of, [122];
Blancandrin’s advice to, [123];
sends an embassage to Charlemagne, [124];
offers to become a Christian, [124-126];
Ganelon sent to, with Charlemagne’s terms, [130];
Ganelon’s reception by, [131], [132];
takes counsel with leaders, [132];
swears on the book of Law of Mahomet the treacherous death of Roland, [134];
pursues the Frankish army, [137];
Roland slays only son of, [147];
mortally wounded, he returns to Saragossa, [147];
his death, [154]
Martin. See [Lightfoot]
Masses. Of the Father, of the Holy Spirit, of Our Lady, heard daily by Robin Hood, [315]
Maxen Wledig. “The Dream of,” preserved in the “Mabinogion,” [42-49];
Emperor of Rome, [43];
expedition down the Tiber, [43];
his vision near Rome, [43];
his vision declared, [44-47];
ambassadors sent out to find the maiden of his dream, [47], [48];
journeys himself to land of Arvon, [48], [49];
conquers Britain from Beli, son of Manogan, [48];
weds Helena, daughter of Eudav, [49];
Constantine, son of, the only British-born Emperor of Rome, [49]
Maxentius. Emperor; hero of Welsh saga “Mabinogion,” [42]
Maximian. The Emperor; father of Fausta, who became Constantine’s wife, [64]
Mead. Dwelling-place of Guest the Wise, [103]
Meave. Queen of Connaught, wife of King Ailill; to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, [189];
pronounces judgment, [195]
Mercia. Earldom of, held by Leofric, [335]
Modi. King of Reynes; wooes Rymenhild, [303];
slain by Horn, [308];
land of, committed to care of Sir Athelbrus, [313]
Mona. Sacred isle of; same as Anglesey; ambassadors of Maxen Wledig view, [47]
“Montjoie! Montjoie!” Battle cry of Franks, under Roland, [140], [142], [148]
Moors. Rulers of, and Charlemagne, [119];
and Franks meet in battle, [140]
Mordred, Sir. One of King Arthur’s nephews, [266]
Most High. Grendel outcast from mercy of, [4]
Much. One of Robin Hood’s followers, [315];
assists to count out gold for stranger guest, [323]
Murry. King of Suddene, [286];
Queen Godhild consort of, [286];
Horn, son of, [286];
attacked and slain by Saracens, [287], [288]

N
Naesi. Irish hero, [156]
Nails, The Holy. Obtained by Elene, [61];
given to Constantine, [62]
Naimes, Duke. One of Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers, [126], [136], [137];
urges Charlemagne to hasten to rescue of Roland, [146]
Norman England. Royal authority in, how asserted, [314]
Normans. Or Flemings; Hereward enrolled among, to qualify for knighthood, [339];
Hereward’s trick on, with Fairy Bear, [341], [342]
Norse influence in connection with story of “King Horn,” [286]
Norsemen. Firm hold of blood-feud on imagination of, [96]
North Country. Equivalent, Ulster, [165]
North Sea. Forefathers who dwelt on shores of, [1];
ambassadors of Maxen Wledig reach, [47]
Northumbria. Inheritance of Anlaf, [73];
writ of outlawry against Hereward only of nominal weight in, [339];
Earl Siward ruler in, [339];
Hereward leaves, [342]
Nottinghamshire. The Sheriff of, and Robin Hood, [315]

O
Odin. The raven, the bird of, [115]
Oisin. Scotch embodiment of Ossian, [248]
Olaf.
1. Same as Anlaf, &c., [73].
2. Son of famous Viking, Howard the Halt, [97];
finds Thorbiorn’s lost sheep, [98-100];
kills a wizard, [101];
second fight with the wizard’s ghost, [102];
wooes Sigrid, [99], [103];
meets Thorbiorn, [103-106];
his death, [106];
Howard claims wergild for, [106-111];
wergild awarded for, [118]
Olifant. Roland’s horn, [138];
blown by Roland, [145], [146];
Roland’s dying blast on, [149]
Oliver. One of Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers, [125], [136];
descries the Saracens and proclaims Ganelon’s treason, [138];
appeals to Roland to blow his horn, [138];
Hauteclaire, sword of, [141];
objects to Roland blowing his horn, [144];
mortally wounded by Marsile’s uncle, [148];
under misapprehension, strikes Roland with Hauteclaire, [148];
his death, [148], [149];
avenged by Charlemagne, [153], [154]
Oona. Cathleen’s foster-mother, [178];
her vision, [182]
Orchy. River, running through Glenurchy, [249]
Orestes. Reference to Electra and, [95]
Orlando, etc. Italy claims Roland in guise of, [121]
Ossian. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, [248];
Scotch embodiment of Oisin, [248]
Otho. Son of Sir John of the Marshes, [205];
becomes surety for Gamelyn, [221];
arrested owing to failure of Gamelyn to appear at court, [223];
released by Gamelyn, [223];
sits on judge’s seat with Gamelyn and condemns Sir John, [224];
appointed sheriff by King Edward I., [224];
makes Gamelyn his heir, [224]
Our Lady. Robin Hood accepts her surety for four hundred pounds lent to stranger guest, [322];
the Black Monk and the suretyship, [331-333]
Outlaws. Famous: Hereward, Robin Hood, William of Cloudeslee, [226];
pardoned by king, [243];
rules of, in case of Robin Hood, [316];
their feast, [317], [318], [330]

P
Pampeluna. Taken by Charlemagne, [119]
Paradise. Cathleen’s soul in, [182]
Patterson. Name of foster-parents of Black Colin, [250]
Peers. Of France, [125], [136];
the champions of the Moors challenge the Twelve, of France, [137];
of Charlemagne, triumph over Marsile’s twelve champions, [141];
their death, [143-153];
avenged by Charlemagne, [153], [154]
Penelope. Lady of Loch Awe turns to guile, as did, [256]
People of the Hills. Cuchulain’s friends among, [198], [199]
Persia. Constantine’s valour in wars in, [64];
physicians from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, [65]
Peter and Paul. The Apostles; appear in a vision to Constantine, [70], [71]
Pictish Giant. King Alef’s daughter betrothed to, [343];
slain by Hereward, [343]
Plantagenets. England under, [314]
Pope. Head of Holy Catholic Church, [119];
proclaims Holy War at Rome, [251];
sees Black Colin, [253];
regarded by Black Colin as Vicar of Christ on earth, [253]
Priam. Reference to lament of, [95]
Pyrenees. Charlemagne’s march through passes of, [119];
Frankish army marches toward, [134]

R
Ranald. King of Waterford, [345], [346];
Prince Sigtryg, son of, [345];
Hereward at feast of, [346], [347]
Ranaldsson, Sigtryg. See [Sigtryg]
Red Branch. Heroes of, invited to feast by Bricriu, [186];
heroes return to, [199];
Uath, the Stranger, comes to, [199];
heroes of, and Uath, the Stranger, [199-203];
champions of, identical with Highland Gaelic heroes, [248]
Reynes. Modi, King of, [303];
wooes Rymenhild, [303], [304]
Reynild. Daughter of King Thurston; offered to Horn, [302];
weds Sir Athulf, [313]
Rhine. Black Colin’s journey up, [253]
Rhodes. Black Colin journeys to, [253];
supposed news from, by man of Black Colin’s band, [255]
Richard, Sir, of the Lea, Robin Hood’s stranger-guest, [317-324];
Robin Hood’s loan to, [322-324];
his land in Uterysdale, [323];
redeems his land from Abbot of St. Mary’s, [324-327];
sets out to repay loan, [328];
defends the right at a wrestling contest, [328];
arrives before Robin Hood to repay loan, but is exempt, [333];
returns to Uterysdale, [333];
his power used to protect the outlaws, [333]
Robert the Red. Eldest son of Grim; accompanies Havelok to Denmark, [87]
Robin Hood. Romantic sympathy with, [225];
one of the famous outlaws, [226];
the original, [314];
forest of Barnesdale at one time his dwelling-place, [314], [315];
Sherwood Forest, headquarters of, [315];
Little John, Will Scarlet, and Much, his three most loyal followers, [315];
three Masses heard by, [315];
sends his followers to Watling Street, [316];
his outlaw rules, [316];
stranger guest brought to, [317];
lends stranger guest four hundred pounds, [322];
sends his followers again to Watling Street, [329];
his followers capture and bring to greenwood, as guest, the Black Monk, [330];
appropriates gold of the Black Monk as payment of loan to Sir Richard of the Lea, [331], [332];
exempts Sir Richard from repayment of four hundred pounds, [333];
dwells securely in the greenwood under Sir Richard’s protection, [333]
Roland. Charlemagne’s nephew; fame of, in romance, [119];
historical basis of legend of, [120];
in Spanish legend, [121];
“Saga” in French literature, [121];
“Chanson de Roland” and, [121];
one of the Twelve Peers, [125];
destruction plotted by Blancandrin and Ganelon, [131], [134];
plants his banner on topmost summit of Pyrenees, [134];
appointed to command rearguard, [135];
appealed to by Oliver to blow his horn, [138];
his army defeats Saracens, [141];
defeats second Saracen army, [143];
attacked by third Saracen army, [144];
willing to blow horn, but Oliver objects, [144];
blows Olifant, [145], [146];
Charlemagne hastens to rescue of, but arrives too late, [146];
slays only son of Marsile, [147];
smitten by Oliver in mistake, [148];
set upon by four hundred Saracens, [150];
realising death near, he tries to destroy sword Durendala, [152];
his death, [153];
avenged by Charlemagne, [153], [154]
Roman Empire. Charlemagne head of, [119]
Romans. Conquer Huns by the Cross standard, [52]
Rome. Church of, Constantine’s generosity to, [42];
Maxen Wledig seeks rest near, [43], [46];
Princess Helena hailed Empress of, [48], [49];
Constantine calls a council of all wisest men in, [53];
Black Colin’s messenger just home from, [251];
Holy War proclaimed by Pope at, [251];
Black Colin reaches, [253];
Black Colin’s supposed letter from, [255]
Roncesvalles. Roland’s glory from, [119];
celebrated in “Song of Altobiscar,” [120];
Spain claims part of honour of, [120];
the battle of, [140-153]
Roncevaux. Same as Roncesvalles, [122]
Round Table. Knights of, [266]
Rymenhild. Princess, daughter of King Ailmar;
loves Horn, [292];
Athulf personates Horn before, [293];
welcomes Horn in her bower and declares her love, [294];
wishes Horn good success as knight, [298];
gives token to Horn, [298];
spied on by Fikenhild, [299], [300];
wooed by King Modi, [303];
writes to Horn through Athulf, [303];
Horn at wedding-feast of, [305];
Horn’s stratagem to test her love, [306], [307];
her knight and lover, Horn, restored, [307];
wedded to Horn, [308];
left to her father’s care, [309];
demanded in marriage by traitor, Fikenhild, [311];
delivered by Horn, [313];
dwells at Suddene as queen, [313]

S
Samson. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, [143]
Saracen-s. Host, encamps near Franks, [134];
pursue the Frankish army, [137];
chiefs vow to slay Roland, [137];
defeat of, by Roland’s army, [141];
second army attacks Roland, [142];
defeated once more, [143];
third army attacks Roland, [144];
their rule in the Holy Land, [251];
Horn’s hatred of, typical of romance of Crusades, [286];
attack and slay King Murry, [287], [288];
Horn’s victory over, [298];
Suddene purged of, by Horn, [310]
Saragossa. Charlemagne repulsed at, [119];
decided to send Ganelon to, as ambassador, [128];
Charlemagne’s threat to take, [132];
Charlemagne receives through Ganelon the keys of, [134];
captured by Charlemagne, [154]
“Sarn Helen.” Roman roads in Wales connecting Helena’s three castles known as, [49]
Saxon England. The maintenance of justice in, [314]
Saxon-s. Hereward the, [334];
the darling hero of the, [334];
Anglo-, chivalry, Hereward the ideal of, [334], [335];
Hereward the, known as the Champion of Women, [351]
Scarlet, Will. Cousin to and one of Robin Hood’s followers, [315]
Scotland. Hero-myths of, [248];
national heroes of Lowland, actual, not mythical, [248];
war between England and, [249]
Scottish Independence. Sir Nigel Campbell one of leaders in cause of, [249]
Scyld Scefing (skild ske´f-ing). Founder of Scyldings dynasty, [2];
coming to and passing from Denmark, [2];
Hrothgar, great-grandson of, [2]
Seven Hills. Rome, the City of, [43];
Maxen Wledig, emperor, rules Europe from, [43]
Sherwood, Forest of. Headquarters of Robin Hood, [315]
Siegfried. Gudrun and, in “Nibelungenlied,” [95]
Sigmund. Father of Fitela; glory of, chanted by Danish bard, [18]
Sigrid. Thorbiorn’s housekeeper, [97];
loved by Olaf, [99];
quits Thorbiorn’s service, [103];
disappearance of, [106]
Sigt-ryg Ranaldsson. Prince of Waterford; his troth-plight with King Alef’s daughter, [343];
son of King Ranald, [345];
Hereward’s mission to, [345-347];
sails for Cornwall to rescue his love, [347];
sends forty Danes to demand fulfilment of troth-plight, [348];
Sigtryg and Danes plan ambush for Haco, [350];
rescues, and marries, Cornish princess, [350], [351]
Si´ht-ric-son. Same as Anlaf, Abloec, &c., [73]
Sir John of the Marshes. Noble gentleman who lived in Lincolnshire, in reign of Edward I., [204], [205];
father of John, Otho, and Gamelyn, [205];
his death, [206]
Si-ward, Earl. Ruler in Northumbria, [339];
reputed kinship to Fairy Bear, [340], [342]
Snowdon. Mountainous land of, reached by ambassadors of Maxen Wledig, [47]
Socach. Black Colin’s foster-parents’ dwelling-place, [250]
Souls. The traffic in, during Irish famine, [170-183];
Cathleen tries to check traffic in, [174]
Spain. Charlemagne’s expedition into, [119];
begins to quit, [134];
returns to, to rescue Roland, [146]
Spanish Legend. Bernardo del Carpio and Roland in, [121]
Spencer.
1. Adam, steward in household of Sir John, releases Gamelyn, [214], [215].
2. Edmund, reference to his Red Cross Knight, [265]
Steinthor of Ere. Great chieftain who shelters Howard, [108], [109], [117];
speaks on Howard’s behalf at the Thing, [118]
St. John, Knights of. Black Colin takes service with, [253];
Grand Master of, [253]
St. Mary. Abbey of, in York, lands of stranger knight in pledge to Abbot of, [321];
land redeemed by Sir Richard of the Lea, [324-327];
the Black Monk high cellarer in Abbey of, [331]
St. Patrick. Preached Gospel to people of Ireland, [157]
Suddene. King Murry and Queen Godhild, and son Horn, the royal family of, [286];
Horn sails for, to wrest from Saracens, [309];
Athulf’s father found at, [309], [310];
Horn reconquers, [310];
a Christian realm once more, [311];
Horn crowned king of, [311]
Swanborow. Daughter of King Birkabeyn, [74];
slain by Godard, [76]
Sweden. Götaland, realm of Geats in south of, [5]
Swedes. Slay Hathcyn, son of King Hrethel, [35]
Switzerland. Black Colin and Highland clansmen pass through, [253]
Sylvester. Bishop of Rome; and Constantine, [42];
Constantine told in a vision to send for, [70];
preaches the Christian faith to Constantine, [71]

T
Taillefer. “Song of Roland” and, [122]
Tara. Black stone of, [157]
Tarn Wathelan. Giant in castle near, ill-treats maiden, [267];
King Arthur’s journey to, and fight with giant who lived in Castle of, [269], [270];
King Arthur summons court to hunt near, [276];
the churlish knight of, set free from magic spells, [284]
Teutonic North. Beowulf famous throughout, [5]
Thersites. Compared with Bricriu of the Bitter Tongue, [186]
Thing. Howard at the, [107], [108], [117], [118]
Thor-biorn. Mighty chief on shores of Icefirth, [97];
Vakr, nephew of, [97];
Olaf and sheep of, [98-100];
whale unjustly adjudged to, [102];
marries sister of Guest, [103];
Sigrid leaves, [103];
meets Olaf, [103-106];
Warflame, magic sword of, [104-106];
thrusts Olaf with Warflame, [106];
Howard claims wergild from, [106-111];
Guest’s judgment against, [110], [111];
hailed by Biargey while out fishing, [112];
slain by Howard, [116]
Thor-brand. Brother of Biargey, [113];
helps Howard against Thorbiorn, [115]
Thor-dis. Mother of Vakr; sends second son to assist in fight against Olaf, [105]
Thor-kel. Lawman and arbitrator of Icefirth, [97];
his false decree concerning a whale, [102]
Thor-old. Same as Turoldus; author of “Song of Roland,” [122]
Thurston. King of Ireland; served by Horn, [301];
Harold and Berild, sons of, [302];
offers kingdom and his daughter Reynild to Horn, [302];
Horn discloses his identity to, [304]
Tiber. Hunting expedition down, by Maxen Wledig, [43]
Tir-nan-og. The land of never-dying youth, [163]
Tree, The Holy. See [Holy Cross]
Trinity. Truth of, demonstrated by shamrock-leaf, [157]
Trojan War. An ancient story, yet well known, [58]
Tuck, Friar. Masses sung by, for Robin Hood, [318]
Turpin. Archbishop of Charlemagne, one of Twelve Peers, [125], [136];
blesses the knights, [139], [140];
mediates between Roland and Oliver, [145];
mortally wounded, [149];
his death, [150], [151]

U
Uath, the Stranger. Giant who tests champions, [199-203];
adjudges Cuchulain Champion of Heroes of all Ireland, [203]
Ubbe (ub-bĕ). Danish jarl, friend of King Birkabeyn; befriends Havelok and Goldborough, [87-93];
appointed Regent of Denmark for Havelok, [94]
Ulster. Fergus commanded to buy food at, [165];
Conor, King of, [185];
Cuchulain peer among champions of, [185];
Armagh, capital of, [186];
Red Branch heroes, royal bodyguard of, [186];
Bricriu stirs up strife among champions of, [187], [188]
Unknown God. Constantine’s acceptance and reverence of the, [51];
the people awed by token of, [53]
Uterysdale. Land of Sir Richard of the Lea in, [323];
Sir Richard redeems the land, [324-327];
Sir Richard returns to, [333]

V
Vakr. Thorbiorn’s nephew, [97];
mocks Olaf, [100];
jeers at Brand the Strong, [102], [103];
accompanies Thorbiorn to meet Olaf, [103-106];
Thordis, mother of, [105];
his miserable end, [116]
Valbrand. Brother of Biargey, [112], [113];
visited by Howard, [114]
Valtierra. Charlemagne retires to, on way to France, [134]
Veillantif. Roland’s steed, [136];
slain by Saracens, [150]
Vicar of Christ on earth, Black Colin regards Pope as, [253]
Vikings. Gospel preached to, [157]
Virgin Mary. Cult of, [121];
Cathleen invokes, [163];
Cathleen’s people invoke, [181]

W
Wales. Old Roman roads in, that connected Helena’s three castles still known as “Sarn Helen,” [49];
legend of Havelok the Dane thought to have originated in, [73];
mediæval, Arthurian legend preserved by, [265]
Wallace, Sir William. Scottish hero, [248];
schoolfellow and comrade of Sir Nigel Campbell, [249]
Warden. Of the coast of Denmark, welcomes Beowulf, [6];
conducts Geats to Heorot, [8];
Wulfgar, one of Hrothgar’s nobles, greets Beowulf, [9];
of Geatland, welcomes Beowulf’s return, [29]
Warflame. Magic sword, owned by Thorbiorn, and by which he himself is slain by Howard, [115], [116]
Washers of the Ford. Wrath of, and Irish people, [158]
Waterford. Prince Sigtryg of, his troth-plight with daughter of King Alef, [343];
Ranald, King of, [345];
Hereward reaches, [346];
Prince and Princess of, Hereward the best friend of, [351]
Watling Street. Robin Hood sends his followers to, [316];
a year later sends followers once more to, [329]
Wealhtheow (wal-thyow), Queen. Wife of Hrothgar; honours Beowulf, [14], [20]
Welsh.
1. Legends, “Mabinogion” and “The Dream of Maxen Wledig,” [42];
Celtic features in, [185].
2. Saga, hero of, Emperor Maxentius, [42]
Weohstan (wyo-stan). Father of Wiglaf, who supported Beowulf in his fight with the fire-dragon, [36]
West. Constantine a favourite of Roman soldiery of the, [63];
Roman soldiery of the, proclaim Constantine emperor, [63];
the fictitious wanderings of Horn in realms of, [307]
Western Isles. Irish Gaelic hero-legends carried to, from Erin, [248]
Westernesse. Childe Horn lands on shore of, [289];
Ailmar, King of, questions Horn, [290];
Horn returns to, accompanied by Irish knights, [304];
recital of the fictitious plans of Horn to reach, within seven years, [307]
Whitby. Hereward lands at, [339]
Wig-laf. Son of Weohstan; supports Beowulf in his fight with the fire-dragon, [36-41]
Wilf-ings. Hrothgar shields Ecgtheow from, [11]
William of Cloudeslee. One of the famous outlaws of England, [226]
William Tell. William of Cloudeslee the, of England, [226];
Alice, wife of, [227];
goes to Carlisle, [227];
sheriff informed of his presence, [229];
attacked by sheriff and his men, [231];
capture of, [232];
sheriff sentences to be hanged, [232];
news of his sentence conveyed to the greenwood, [233];
Clym’s stratagem to save, [234];
rescued from death, [237], [238];
visits London to see king, [241];
the king pardons, [243];
shoots apple from son’s head, [245], [246];
receives royal favours from king and queen, [246]
William Wendut. Second son of Grim; accompanies Havelok to Denmark, [87]
Winchester. Godrich takes Goldborough from, to Dover, [81]
Wledig. See [Maxen Wledig]
Women, Champion of. Hereward known as, [351]
Wyrd (weird). Goddess of Fate, [13], [34]

Y
York. Archbishop of, unites in marriage Havelok and Goldborough, [85];
Abbot of St. Mary’s Abbey, in, [321]
Yorkshire. Barnesdale, forest in, once dwelling-place of Robin Hood, [314], [315]
Yuletide. King Arthur’s knights keep, [267]

Z
Zacchæus. Grandfather of Judas, [57]

Transcriber's Note

Minor typographic errors in punctuation have been corrected without note. Hyphen inconsistencies have been corrected without note where there was a prevalence of one formation over another.

There is some variation in spelling, sometimes of proper names, often between the main text and quoted texts, and a number of archaic words. These remain as printed, unless they were an obvious typographic error, which were amended as follows:

Page [48]—need amended to heed—"... that when their horses failed they gave no heed, but took others ..."

Page [73]—crystalized amended to crystallized—"These stories finally crystallized in a form ..."

Page [84]—Havelock amended to Havelok—"... and so, in great fear, Havelok agreed to the wedding."

Page [233]—vension amended to venison—"... William had given the boy many a dinner of venison, ..."

Page [338]—Whereever amended to Wherever—""Wherever fate and my fortune lead me," ..."

Page [355]—7 amended to 74—"... and Havelok, son of, 74;"

Page [358]—o amended to of—"... Daughter of King Alef, affianced to Prince Sigtryg ..."

Page [359]—Alaf amended to Alef—"Prince Sigtryg sends forty to King Alef, 348;"

Page [362]—Niger amended to Nigel—"Glen belonging to MacGregors, given to Sir Nigel Campbell, 249;"

Page [366]—Herebald amended to Herebeald—"brought up with brothers, Herebeald and Hathcyn ..."

Page [372]—missio nto amended to mission to—"Hereward’s mission to, 345-347;"

Page [375]—332 amended to 232—"... capture of, 232;"

There were some instances of omitted text; these were all checked against another edition of the text, and, in the case of the omitted page references, cross-checked against this edition, and repaired as follows:

Page [347]—omitted word (marriage) inserted at the end of the section just prior to "Return to Cornwall"—"... he would save his betrothed from some other hateful marriage."

Page [368]—the entry for London had no page number reference; 241 inserted.

Page [370]—the entry for Priam had no page number reference; 95 inserted.

The frontispiece illustration has been moved to follow the title page. Other illustrations have been moved so that they are near the text they refer to. Some of the illustration captions have the artist's name included, some do not; these are all reproduced as printed.

Links have been added to beginning of the Glossary and Index for ease of navigation.