| CHAPTER I. |
| History of Mechanical Cleaning. |
| PAGE |
|---|
| Early Attempts | [3] |
| Limitations of the Carpet Sweeper | [4] |
| Compressed Air Cleaners | [5] |
| Vacuum Produced by Compressed Air | [7] |
| Compressed Air Supplemented by Vacuum | [7] |
| Piston Pump the First Satisfactory Vacuum Producer | [9] |
| Systems Using Vacuum Only | [11] |
| Renovator with Inrush Slot | [13] |
| Steam Aspirators Used as Vacuum Producers | [14] |
| Piston Pump Used Without Separators | [15] |
| First Portable Vacuum Cleaner | [15] |
| First Use of Stationary Multi-Stage Turbine Blowers | [16] |
| Separators Emptying to Sewer by Air Pressure | [18] |
| Machines Using Root Blowers as Vacuum Producers | [18] |
| CHAPTER II. |
| Requirements of an Ideal Vacuum Cleaning System. |
| Necessity and Proper Location of Stationary Parts | [24] |
| CHAPTER III. |
| The Carpet Renovator. |
| Four Important Parts of Vacuum Cleaning System | [25] |
| The Straight Vacuum Tool | [26] |
| Renovator with Auxiliary Slot Open to Atmosphere | [27] |
| Renovator with Two Cleaning Slots | [30] |
| Renovator with Inrush Slots on Each Side | [30] |
| Tests on Dirty Carpets | [30] |
| Type A Renovator Most Efficient on DirtyCarpets | [36] |
| Tests of Carpets “Artificially” Soiled | [36] |
| Effort Necessary to Operate Various Type of Renovators | [51] |
| Relative Damage to Carpets with Various Type of Renovators | [52] |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| Other Renovators. |
| Different Form of Renovator Necessary to Clean Walls, Ceilings and Similar Flat Surfaces | [60] |
| Upholstery Renovators Disastrous to Surfaces Cleaned | [64] |
| Attempts to Overcome Destructive Tendency of Straight-Slot Upholstery Renovator | [64] |
| Upholstery Renovators Most Serviceable Clothing Cleaners | [65] |
| Special Renovators for Cleaning Stairs | [66] |
| Renovation of Furs | [66] |
| Renovation of Pillows | [66] |
| CHAPTER V. |
| Stems and Handles. |
| Use of Drawn Steel Tubing for Stems of Cleaning Tools | [70] |
| Drawn Aluminum Tubing for Long Stems | [71] |
| Swivel Joints Between Renovator and Stem | [72] |
| Wear on Hose Near Stem | [74] |
| Methods of Overcoming Wear of Hose | [74] |
| Valves to Cut Off Suction | [78] |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| Hose. |
| Early Types Made of Canvas-Wound Rubber Tubing | [80] |
| Standard Weight Adopted | [80] |
| First Type Produced Especially for Use in Vacuum Cleaning Work | [81] |
| First Attempt to Produce Light-Weight Hose | [81] |
| Other Types | [82] |
| Hose Couplings | [82] |
| Hose Friction | [84] |
| Effect of Hose Friction | [88] |
| Most Economical Hose Size for Carpet and Floor Renovators | [93] |
| Conditions for Plant of Small Power | [97] |
| Limit of Length for Hose | [99] |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| Pipe and Fittings. |
| Hose Inlets | [100] |
| Pipe Friction | [107] |
| Determination of Proper Size Pipe | [107] |
| Determination of Number of Sweepers to be Operated | [113] |
| Determination of Number of Risers to be Installed | [115] |
| Size of Risers | [115] |
| Illustration of Effect of Long Lines of Piping | [120] |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| Separators. |
| Classification of Separators | [127] |
| Primary Separators | [127] |
| Secondary Separators | [130] |
| Complete Separators | [134] |
| Total Wet Separator | [138] |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| Vacuum Producers. |
| Types of Vacuum Producers | [142] |
| Displacement Type | [142] |
| Centrifugal Type | [142] |
| Power Required to Produce Vacuum | [142] |
| Reciprocating Pumps | [143] |
| Rotary Pumps | [148] |
| Centrifugal Exhausters | [156] |
| Steam Aspirators | [162] |
| CHAPTER X. |
| Control. |
| First Type of Controller | [166] |
| Second Form of Control | [168] |
| Appliances for Varying Speed of Motor-Driven Vacuum Pump | [171] |
| CHAPTER XI. |
| Scrubbing Systems. |
| First Real Mechanical Scrubbing Device | [176] |
| Combining Scrubbing with Dry Cleaning | [177] |
| Ideal Separator for Use with a Combined Cleaning and Scrubbing System | [178] |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| Selection of Cleaning Plant. |
| Renovators | [179] |
| Hose | [182] |
| Pipe Lines | [182] |
| Separators | [182] |
| Vacuum Producers | [183] |
| Control | [183] |
| Selection of Appliances for Four Classes of Work | [184] |
| | Class 1.—Plant for Residence or Small Office or Departmental Building,to be Not More than One-Sweeper Capacity. | |
| Class 2.—Large Office or Departmental Building Where Carpet Cleaningis Important and Pipe Lines are of Reasonable Length. |
| Class 3.—Large Building or Group of Buildings Where Carpet Cleaningis Important and Long Lines of Piping are Necessary. |
| Class 4.—Large or Small Plant Where Carpet Cleaning is Not anImportant Function of the Cleaning System. |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| Tests. |
| Early Methods of Testing | [187] |
| Most Rational System of Testing | [189] |
| Use of Vacometer | [190] |
| Proper Orifice to be Used with Each Class of Plant | [191] |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| Specifications. |
| Award of Contracts on Evaluation Basis | [193] |
| Determination Basis of Evaluation | [193] |
| Specification for Class 1, Plant for Residence or Small Office Building ofOne-Sweeper Capacity | [194] |
| Specification for Class 2, Plant for Large Office Building Having Pipe Linesof Moderate Length | [204] |
| Specification for Class 3, Large Installation, with Unusually Long Pipe Lines | [209] |
| Specification for Class 4, Large or Small Plant Where Carpet Cleaning is ofSecondary Importance | [215] |
| Specification for Class 5, To Give Widest Competition | [218] |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| Portable Vacuum Cleaners. |
| Power Required | [228] |
| Weight of Efficient Portable Cleaners | [228] |
| Limit of Power Consumption When Attached to Lighting System | [229] |
| Disadvantage of Having Dust Bag at Outlet of Fan | [230] |
| Portables Equipped with Mechanically-Operated Brushes | [231] |
| Portables Exhausting Air Inside of Building | [231] |