REMBRANDT VAN RIJN

THE GREAT MASTERS IN PAINTING AND SCULPTURE.

The following Volumes have been issued, price 5s. net each.

BERNARDINO LUINI. By George C. Williamson, Litt.D., Editor of the Series.

VELASQUEZ. By R. A. M. Stevenson.

ANDREA DEL SARTO. By H. Guinness.

LUCA SIGNORELLI. By Maud Cruttwell.

RAPHAEL. By H. Strachey.

CARLO CRIVELLI. By G. McNeil Rushforth, M.A., Lecturer in Classics, Oriel College, Oxford.

CORREGGIO. By Selwyn Brinton, M.A., Author of "The Renaissance in Italian Art."

DONATELLO. By Hope Rea, Author of "Tuscan Artists."

PERUGINO. By G. C. Williamson, Litt.D.

SODOMA. By the Contessa Lorenzo Priuli-Bon.

LUCA DELLA ROBBIA. By the Marchesa Burlamacchi.

GIORGIONE. By Herbert Cook, M.A., F.S.A.

MEMLINO. By W. H. James Weale, late Keeper of the National Art Library.

PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA. By W. G. Waters, M.A.

PINTORICCHIO. By Evelyn March Phillipps.

FRANCIA. By George C. Williamson, Litt.D.

BRUNELLESCHI. By Leader Scott.

MANTEGNA. By Maud Cruttwell.

REMBRANDT VAN RIJN. By Malcolm Bell.

In preparation.

WILKIE. By Lord Ronald Sutherland-Gower, M.A., F.S.A., Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery.

TINTORETTO. By J. B. Stoughton Holborn, M.A. of Merton College, Oxford.

GIOTTO. By F. Mason Perkins.

EL GRECO. By Manuel B. Cossio, Litt.D., Ph.D., Director of the Musée Pédagogique, Madrid.

DÜRER. By Hans W. Singer, M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Director of the Royal Print Room, Dresden.

PAOLO VERONESE. By Roger E. Fry.

GAUDENZIO FERRARI. By Ethel Halsey.

Others to follow.

LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS

Buckingham Palace, London.

The Ship builder & his wife. (1633)

REMBRANDT
VAN RIJN

MALCOLM BELL

AUTHOR OF "SIR EDWARD BURNE-JONES:
A RECORD AND REVIEW," ETC.

LONDON

GEORGE BELL & SONS

1901

PREFACE

In order to reduce the volume on Rembrandt, published in 1899, to the smaller dimensions demanded by the "Great Masters" series, it became necessary to dispense with some of the material included in it. This, it is hoped, has been done without seriously affecting the usefulness of the book. The story of the painter's life and work has been to some extent compressed, but everything essential has, it is believed, been retained. The chief omissions are the short descriptions of the pictures and the lists of the etchings, which, while occupying much space, were thought to be more suitable to a work of reference than to a handbook. The student who desires fuller information on these points will find it in the earlier volume.

PAGE
List of Illustrations		[vii]
Bibliography		[ix]
Chronological Table		[xiii]
PART I.—REMBRANDT THE MAN
Chapter I.	Birth and Early Years	[1]
II.	Art Education and Early Works	[8]
III.	Days of Prosperity	[16]
IV.	Days of Decline	[32]
PART II.—REMBRANDT THE PAINTER
V.	Early Years (1627-1633)	[48]
VI.	Time of Prosperity	[61]
VII.	Years of Decline	[71]
PART III.—REMBRANDT THE ETCHER
VIII.	The History of the Etchings	[85]
IX.	The Authentic Etchings	[93]
Catalogue of Works		[117]
Index		[157]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
The Shipbuilder and his Wife, 1633, [Frontispiece]	Buckingham Palace
Portrait of Rembrandt's Mother, about 1628	The Hague	[6]
Portrait of Rembrandt's Father, about 1631	Cassel	[12]
Portrait of Saskia, 1632	Prince Liechtenstein, Vienna	[18]
Rembrandt and Saskia, about 1635	Dresden	[24]
Portrait of Rembrandt, 1640	National Gallery, London	[28]
Portrait of Saskia, 1641	Dresden	[30]
Portrait of Hendrickje Stoffels, about 1662	Louvre	[44]
Portrait of Rembrandt, about 1664	National Gallery, London	[46]
Portrait called Coppenol, 1631	The Hermitage	[54]
Portrait of a Man, 1630-1632	Imperial Museum, Vienna	[56]
Portrait of a Woman, 1630-1632	Imperial Museum, Vienna	[56]
The Anatomy Lesson, 1632	The Hague	[58]
Portrait of Jan Herman Krul, 1633	Cassel	[58]
The Elevation of the Cross, 1633	Munich	[60]
Portrait of an Old Woman, 1634	National Gallery, London	[62]
The Burgomaster Pancras and his Wife, about 1635	Buckingham Palace	[62]
Portrait of a Man, 1635	National Gallery, London	[62]
Danae, 1636	The Hermitage	[64]
Portrait of a Man, 1636	Prince Liechtenstein, Vienna	[64]
Portrait of a Lady, 1636	Prince Liechtenstein, Vienna	[64]
Portrait called Sobieski, 1637	The Hermitage	[66]
The Man with the Bittern, 1639	Dresden	[66]
Portrait of Elizabeth Bas, about 1640	Amsterdam	[68]
Anslo consoling a Widow, 1641	Berlin	[68]
The Lady with the Fan, 1641	Buckingham Palace	[70]
Portrait of a Man, 1641	Brussels	[70]
The Woman taken in Adultery, 1644	National Gallery, London	[72]
A Girl at a Window, 1645	Dulwich Gallery	[72]
Portrait of a Rabbi, 1645	Berlin	[74]
A Winter Scene, 1646	Cassel	[74]
Christ at Emmaus, 1648	Louvre	[76]
John the Baptist preaching, 1656	Berlin	[78]
The Syndics of the Drapers, 1661	Amsterdam	[80]
ETCHINGS The Numbers given are those of Bartsch's Catalogue
Christ healing the Sick (74)		[86]
Clement de Jonghe (272)		[90]
The Three Trees (212)		[92]
Rembrandt's Mill (233)		[98]
Beggars at the Door of a House (176)		[100]
The Shell (159)		[102]
Jan Lutma (276)		[106]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Amand-Durand. "Œuvre de Rembrandt reproduit et publié par." 2 parts. Paris, 1880.

Baldinucci, Filippo. "Cominciamento e progresso dell' arte dell' intagliare in rame." Florence, 1686.

Bartsch, Adam. "Catalogue raisonné de toutes les estampes qui forment l'œuvre de Rembrandt et ceux de ses principaux imitateurs." 2 vols. Vienna, 1797.

Bell, Malcolm. "Rembrandt van Rijn and his Work." 4to. London, 1899.

Blanc, Charles. "L'œuvre complet de Rembrandt, décrit et commenté par." Paris, 1864 and 1880.

Bode, W. "Studien zur Geschichte der holländischen Malerei." Brunswick, 1883.

Bredius, A., and de Roever, N. Oud-Holland. A magazine published at Amsterdam.

Bredius, A. "Les chefs-d'œuvre du Musée royal d'Amsterdam." Paris, 1890.

Bredius, A. "Die Meisterwerke der Königlichen Gemälde Galerie im Haag." Munich, 1890.

Burger, W. "Les Musées de Belgique et de Hollande." Paris, 1858, 1860, and 1862.

Busken-Huet. "Het Land van Rembrandt." Harlem, 1886.

Chalon, John. Works of Rembrandt, etched by. London, 1822.

Claussin, Chevalier de. "Catalogue raisonné de toutes les estampes qui forment l'œuvre de Rembrandt." Paris, 1824.

Claussin, Chevalier de. "Supplément au Catalogue de Rembrandt." Paris, 1828.

Dargenville. "Abrégé de la Vie des plus fameux peintres." Paris, 1745.

Daulby, Daniel. "A descriptive catalogue of the works of Rembrandt and of his scholars." London and Liverpool, 1796.

Descamps. "Vies des peintres flamands et hollandais." Marseilles, 1840.

Dyk, J. van. "Beschryving van alle de Schilderyen op het Stadhuis van Amsterdam." Amsterdam, 1758.

Dutuit, E. "L'œuvre complet de Rembrandt décrit et catalogué par." Paris, 1880.

Eckhoff. "La femme de Rembrandt." 1862.

Félibien. "Entretien sur les Vies et les Ouvrages des plus excellents peintres." 1666-1688.

Fromentin, Eugène. "Les Maitres d'autrefois." Paris, 1877.

Galland, G. "Geschichte der holländischen Baukunst und Bildnerei." Leipzig, 1890.

Gersaint. "Catalogue raisonné de toutes les pièces qui forment l'œuvre de Rembrandt." Paris, 1751.

Hamerton, P. G. "Etching and Etchers." London, 1868.

Hamerton, P. G. Rembrandt's Etchings. Portfolio. London, 1894.

Havard, Henri. "L'art et les artistes hollandais." Paris, 1879.

Hoogstraten, Samuel van. "Inleyding tot de hooge School der Schilderkonst." Rotterdam, 1678.

Houbraken, Arnold. "De groote Schoubourgh der nederlandsche Kontschilders." Amsterdam, 1718-1719.

Humphreys, Noel. Rembrandt's Etchings. London, 1871.

Huygens, Constantin. "Autobiographie inédite." Library of the Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam.

Kolloff, Édouard. "Rembrandt's Leben und Werke," included in Historisches Taschenbuch of von Raumer. Leipzig, 1854.

Langbehn, Dr. "Rembrandt als Erzieher." Published anonymously, Leipzig, 1890.

Lemcke, C. Rembrandt van Rijn, in the Kunst and Künstler, Leipzig, 1877.

Lippmann, F. Original drawings by Rembrandt reproduced in Phototype. London, Berlin, and Paris, 1889-1892.

Madsen, Karl. "Studier fra Sverig." Copenhagen, 1892.

Michel, Emile. "Rembrandt sa vie, son œuvre et son temps." Paris, 1893.

Middleton, C. H. "Notes on the Etched Work of Rembrandt." London, 1877.

Middleton, C. H. "A descriptive Catalogue of the Etched Work of Rembrandt." London, 1878.

Orlers, J. J. "Beschryving der Stad Leiden." Leyden, 1641.

Oud-Holland. See [Bredius].

Piles, R. de. "Abrégé de la vie des Peintres." 1699.

Riegel, Herman. "Beitrage zur niederländischen Kunstgeschichte." Berlin, 1882.

Rovinski, Dmitri. "L'œuvre gravé de Rembrandt." Reproductions of all the states of all the etchings. St. Petersburg, 1890.

Sandrart, Joachim de. "Academia nobilissimae artis pictoriæ." Nuremberg, 1675-1683.

Scheltema, Dr. "Rembrandt, Discours sur sa vie et son génie." Paris, 1866.

Schmidt, W. "Handzeichnungen alter Meister in Königlichen Kupferstich Kabinet zu Munchen. Munich.

Schneider, L. "Geschichte der niederländischen Litteratur." Leipzig, 1888.

Seidlitz, von. "Rembrandt's Radirungen." Published in Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst. 1892.

Seymour Haden, Sir Francis. "Introductory Remarks to the Catalogue of the Etched Work of Rembrandt, selected for exhibition at the Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, 1877."

Seymour Haden, Sir Francis. "L'œuvre gravé de Rembrandt." Paris, 1880.

Seymour Haden, Sir Francis. "The Etched Work of Rembrandt, True and False." London, 1895.

Smith, John. "Catalogue raisonné of the Works of the most eminent Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters." London, 1829-1842.

Springer, Anton. "Bilder aus der neueren Kunstgeschichte. Vol. II. Rembrandt und seine Genossen." Bonn, 1886.

Vosmaer, Charles. "Rembrandt Hermannsz. Sa vie et ses œuvres." Paris and the Hague, 1877.

Weyerman, J. Campo. "De Levens Beschryvingen der nederlandsche Konstschilders." The Hague, 1749.

Willigen, van der. "Les artistes de Harlem." 1870.

Willshire, W. H. "An Introduction to the Study and Collection of Ancient Prints." London, 1877.

Wilson, T. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Prints of Rembrandt. Published as by "An amateur." London, 1836.

Woltmann, A., and Woermann, K. "Geschichte de Malerei." Leipzig.

Yver, Pierre. "Supplément au Catalogue raisonné de MM. Gersaint, Helle, et Glomy." Amsterdam, 1756.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

Year	Events in Rembrandt's Life	Principal Work Dated	Important Historical Event
1606	Born July 15th.
1608			Milton born.
1609			Truce between Spain and Holland.
1610			The Colony of Virginia established.
1612			Henry, Prince of Wales, died.
1616			Shakespeare died.
1618			Thirty Years' War began.
1620	Entered at Leyden University, and later Swanenburch's Studio.		The Pilgrim Fathers landed in New England.
1622			Renewal of War with Spain.
1623	Went to Lastman's Studio.		Charles went to Spain.
1624	Returned to Leyden.		Manhattan founded.
1625			Charles I. came to the throne. Prince Frederick-Henry became Stathouder.
1627	First known pictures.	St Paul in Prison.	Expedition to Rochelle.
1628	Gerard Dou became his pupil.	Capture of Samson.	Assassination of Buckingham.
1629	Portrait of Himself (Gotha).		Charter granted to Massachusetts.
1630	His father died.	Joseph interpreting his Dreams.	Puritan emigration to New England.
1631	Left Leyden for Amsterdam.	Presentation in the Temple.	Dryden born.
1632	Living on the Bloemgracht.	The Anatomy Lesson.	Gustavus Adolphus killed at Lutzen.
1633	Moved to Saint Anthonie's Breestraat (about).	The Shipbuilder and his Wife.	Milton's L'Allegro and Il Penseroso.
1634	Married on June 22nd.	Descent from the Cross (Hermitage).	The Exchange at Amsterdam built.
1635	Rombertus born.	Abraham's Sacrifice.	Ben Jonson died.
1636	Living in Nieuwe Doelstraat.	Danae.
1637		Susannah at the Bath.	Trial of Hampden.
1638	Cornelia born.	Christ and Mary Magdalen.	Milton's Lycidas.
1639	Moved to Jode-Breestraat.	Resurrection.	Massinger died.
1640	His mother died.	Portrait of Elizabeth Bas.	The Long Parliament met.
1641	Titus born.	Portrait of Anslo.	Execution of Strafford.
1642	Saskia died.	The Night Watch.	The Civil War began.
1643		Bathsheba.	Death of Hampden.
1644		Woman taken in Adultery.	The Battle of Marston Moor.
1645		Holy Family (Hermitage).	Battle of Naseby.
1646	Finished two pictures for the Stathouder.	Adoration of the Shepherds.	Charles I. surrendered to the Scots.
1647	An estimate made of Saskia's property.	Susannah and the Elders.	William II. became Stathouder.
1648		Christ at Emmaus.	Peace of Westphalia.
1649	Hendrickje Stoffels first heard of.	No dated picture.	Execution of Charles I.
1650		Deposition.	John de Witt became Grand Pensioner.
1651		Noli me tangere.	Battle of Worcester.
1652	Hendrickje's first daughter born.	Portrait of Bruyningh.	War between England and Holland.
1653	Borrowed money in large sums.	Portrait called Van der Hooft.	Peace restored.
1654	Birth of second daughter, Cornelia.	Bathsheba (Louvre).	Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector.
1655		Joseph accused by Potiphar's Wife.	Cromwell pensioned Manasseh ben Israel.
1656	Declared bankrupt.	Parable of Labourers in the Vineyard.	War between Spain and England.
1657	Sale of his property ordered.	Portrait of Catrina Hoogh.	Cromwell refused title of King.
1658	Pictures, etc., sold.	An Old Woman cutting her Nails.	Cromwell died.
1659		Jacob wrestling with the Angel.	Treaty of the Hague.
1660	Association formed by Hendrickje and Titus.	Portrait of Himself (Louvre).	Charles II. landed at Dover.
1661	The last known etching.	The Syndics.	Mazarin died.
1662	Hendrickje (probably) died.	No dated picture.	Charter given to Royal Society.
1663		Homer.
1664	Moved to the Lauriergracht.	Lucretia.	War between Holland and England
1665	Titus awarded his property.	Portrait of a Man (Metrop. Mus., New York).	Plague in London.
1666		Portrait of J. de Decker.	Fire of London.
1667		Portrait of an Old Man.	Peace between England and Holland.
1668	Titus' marriage and death.	The Flagellation.	Alliance between Holland, England, and Sweden.
1669	Rembrandt died.	No dated picture.