Contigo Pan y Cebolla

by Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza

VOCABULARY

The sign "*——*" means the word printed in black type at the head of the paragraph; thus, *buenos ——s* under *día* means *buenos días*

*a* at; to; for; as; from; *—— la* (with noun or adj.) in the style of

*abandonar* abandon

*ablandar* soften

*abogado* m. lawyer

*aborrecer* abhor

*abrazar* embrace

*abrazo* m. embrace

*abrir* open

*absolutamente* absolutely

*absolutismo* m. despotism

*absoluto* absolute

*absorber* absorb

*acá* here; *desde entonces ——* from then till now

*acabar* finish, end; *—— con* use up; *—— de* (with inf.) have just; *que no acababa de llegar nunca* that you were never going to come

*acaso, por ——*, perhaps; by chance

*acceder* accede to, grant

*acción* f. action

*aceptar* accept

*acerca: —— de* about, concerning

*acercar(se)* draw near

*acero* m. steel

*acertar (con)* hit; hit upon; *a fe que lo acierta* you bet it agrees with him

*acomodar* suit

*acomodaticio* adaptable, accommodating

*acompañar* accompany

*acordarse (de)* remember

*acostarse* go to bed

*acostumbrar* accustom

*acreedor* m. creditor

*actitud* f. attitude

*actividad* f. activity

*activo* active

*acto* m. act

*actual* present

*acusación* f. accusation

*adelantado* (pp. of *adelantar*) advanced, in advance

*adelantar(se)* advance

*además* besides

*adentro* within; off stage

*adiós* good-by

*adivinar* guess

*adjetivo* m. adjective

*administración* f. administration

*admiración* f. admiration

*admirador* m. admirer

*admirar* wonder; admire

*admitir* admit

*adolescencia* f. adolescence

*adonde* where

*adorado* (pp. of *adorar*) adored

*adorar* adore

*adquirir* acquire

*adversario* m. adversary

*adversidad* f. adversity

*advertir* notice

*afable* affable, kind

*afeitar(se)* shave

*afición* f. fondness, liking; *—— a* fondness for

*afiladura* f. sharpening

*afilar* sharpen

*afortunado* fortunate

*África* f. Africa

*agente* m. agent

*agitación* f. agitation

*agitar* agitate

*aglomeración* f. heaping up

*agobiar* oppress

*agonía* f. agony

*agradar* please

*agradecer* be thankful for

*agreste* rough

*agrio* sour, bitter

*agrupar* group

*agua* f. water

*aguador* m. water-carrier

*agüero* m. omen

*agujero* m. hole

*agur* colloquial exclamation of farewell (cf. English So long)

*ahí* here; *de ——* from this, therefore

*ahinco* m. earnestness

*ahora* now, nowadays; *—— mismo* right now

*ahuecar* hollow; *—— la voz* speak in a solemn tone

*aire* m. air

*ajeno* foreign, remote; another's

*ajustar* adjust, fit, arrange, settle

*alabar* praise

*alameda* f. grove of poplar or cottonwood trees; public walk; park

*Alcalá Galiano, Antonio* (1789-1865), noted Spanish statesman and orator

*alcanzar* attain, reach

*alegrar* gladden; *—se* be glad

*alegre* merry, gay; *—— de cascos* giddy

*alegría* f. joy, gladness

*alejar* remove

*alemán* German

*alfiler* m. pin

*algo* anything; something; somewhat

*alguacil* m. constable; *—— mayor* chief constable (an honorary office)

*alguacilazgo* m. constabulary office

*alguien* some one

*alguno* some, any; (with negative) at all, whatever; *alguna de las tuyas* one of your breaks

*alhaja* f. jewel

*alianza* f. engagement

*alma* f. soul

*almondiguilla* f. dim. of *almóndiga* (also written *albóndiga, albondiguilla*) little ball of forced meat with rice and egg etc. *Albóndigas* are served in the clear soup in which they have been cooked

*almorzar* breakfast; eat for breakfast

*almuerzo* m. breakfast

*altar* m. altar

*alternativa* f. alternative

*alto* high, loud

*altura* f. height

*allá* there; *—— se van* are one and the same thing

*allí* there

*ama* f. mistress; *—— de casa* house-wife

*amable* kind

*amador* m. lover

*amanecer* dawn

*amansar* tame, soften

*amante* m. and f. lover

*amar* love

*amargar* embitter; be bitter

*amargura* f. bitterness

*amenazar* threaten

*americano* American

*amigo* m. friend

*amistad* f. friendship

*amo* m. master

*amor* m. love; *—— propio* self-esteem

*amoroso* love (as in "love letters"), loving

*amueblar* furnish

*análisis* m. analysis

*anciano* m. old man

*ancho* wide

*andaluz* Andalusian

*andar* walk, go; *—se en miramientos* be too particular; *—— a tientas* grope (as in darkness)

*ángel* m. angel

*Angostura* f. Angostura (name of a narrow pass about seven miles from the town of Saltillo in the state of Coahuila, Mexico)

*anhelar* long for

*animación* f. animation

*animar* encourage, animate

*ánimo* m. courage, spirit

*anís* m. anise

*anoche* last night; *lo de ——* what happened last night

*anochecer* grow dark

*anotar* note

*antaño* last year; times gone by

*ante* before

*anterior* former

*antes* before; rather; first

*antesala* f. antechamber, hall

*antiguo* old; former; *a la antigua* in the old style

*antiparras* f. pl. glasses, spectacles

*antojarse* fancy, imagine

*anublar* cloud

*anunciar* announce

*añadir* add

*año* m. year

*apagar* put out, extinguish

*aparecer* appear

*aparentar* assume, sham

*apariencia* f. appearance

*apartamiento* m. apartment

*apartar* separate; *apartados entre sí* removed from each other

*aparte* aside

*apelación* f. appeal

*apelar* appeal; resort to

*apenas* scarcely

*apetecer* crave

*apetito* m. appetite

*apoderado* m. business representative

*apoderarse de* take possession of

*aposento* m. room

*apostar* place, station

*apreciar* appreciate

*aprecio* m. appreciation

*aprender* learn

*apretar* press, tighten; *aprieta* exclam. hush, stop

*aprobar* approve of

*aprovechar* take advantage of

*aproximar(se)* approximate; approach

*apurar* find out, clear up

*aquel, aquella*, dem. adj. that, that very

*aquél, aquélla, aquello*, dem. pron. that one, he, she, the former, etc.

*aquí* here

*aquiescencia* f. acquiescence

*ara* f. altar

*Aranjuez* Aranjuez (town and royal palace near Madrid. Here occurred in 1808 the popular uprising against Godoy, the Spanish minister, which caused Charles IV to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand)

*Araucana* f. Araucana (epic by Alonso de Ercilla, on the conquest of Chile and the bloody encounters of the Spaniards with the native *araucanos*)

*arbitrio* m. power, means

*argumento* m. plot (of a play or story)

*arma* f. arm, weapon

*armar* lay, set up (as a plot)

*armatoste* m. clumsy article

*arrancar* snatch, pull

*arrastrar* drag, drag out, draw

*arrebatar* carry off, snatch; *——se* be led away; rush

*arredrar* terrify; *——se* become terrified

*arreglar* arrange

*arreglo* m. arrangement, settlement

*arrepentirse* repent

*arriero* m. muleteer

*arriesgar* risk

*arrimar* draw near, draw up

*arrodillarse* kneel

*arrojar* throw

*arrullar* rock to sleep

*arte* m. and f. art

*artesano* m. artisan

*Ascalonita* m. native of Askelon (in Palestine), Askelonite

*ascendiente* m. and f. ancestor (direct or collateral)

*asegurar* assure; assert positively

*así* this way; that way; so; *—— como* just as

*asimismo* likewise

*asomar* thrust out; *——se* appear

*asombrar* astonish

*aspaviento* m. demonstration of terror

*áspero* rough

*aspirar* aspire

*astuto* astute

*asumir* assume

*asunto* m. subject, matter

*asustar* frighten

*Atala* Atala (heroine of Chateaubriand's novel "Atala")

*ataque* m. attack

*atar* tie; *hay que —lo* he needs a strait-jacket; *—— tantos cabos* arrange so many things

*atención* f. attention; *en —— a* bearing in mind

*atender a* heed, listen to; attend

*atento* attentive; *su —— y seguro servidor* sincerely yours

*atisbar* take a peep; spy out

*atrás* backwards

*atravesar* cross; pierce

*atreverse a* dare

*atrevido* bold

*atribuir* attribute

*atufarse* be angry

*aturdir* stun, bewilder

*aún* yet; still; even; when placed before the word modified it is written without the accent

*aunque* although

*ausencia* f. absence

*autor* m. author

*autoridad* f. authority

*autorizar* authorize

*avalorar* estimate, appreciate

*avanzado* (pp. of *avanzar*) advanced

*aventura* f. adventure

*averiguar* find out

*avisar* inform, notify

*ay* exclam. oh

*ayer* yesterday

*ayuda* f. help

*ayudar* help

*ayuno* in a state of fasting; *en ——, en ayunas*, without knowing, without understanding

*ayuntamiento* m. municipal governing body

*baba* f. drivel; *caerse la ——* drivel, slaver with pleasure; cf. English lick one's chops

*bagatela* f. trifle

*bailar* dance; *esta es otra que bien baila* here's another one just as bad

*bajá* m. pasha

*bajar* come down; go down; bring down

*bajeza* f. lowness

*bajo* under; on; adj. and adv. low

*balde* m. (from *balda* f. a thing of trifling value): *de ——* free; *en ——* in vain

*bandera* f. flag

*bando* m. party, faction

*barato* cheap

*barba* f. beard; pl. whiskers; *decir en sus ——s* say to one's face

*Bárbara* Barbara; *Santa ——* patron saint of gunnery; the powder-house

*barrer* sweep

*barrigoncito* dim. of *barrigón* pot-bellied

*barrio* m. district, neighborhood

*Basilio* Basil; as adj. applied to a monk of the order of St. Basil

*bastante* enough; quite; considerable

*bastar* be enough

*batalla* f. battle

*batallón* m. battalion

*batir* strike; —se fight

*batista* f. batiste

*bayoneta* f. bayonet

*baza* f. trick (at cards)

*beber* drink

*belleza* f. beauty

*bello* beautiful, fine

*bendecir* bless

*berenjena* f. plant one of whose varieties is the egg-plant (to eat its fruit was once popularly supposed to cause insanity); *qué ——s* what craziness; what stuff

*Berlín* Berlin

*berroqueña* adj. used with noun *piedra* (rock, stone) to mean granite, as *piedra ——* granite, granite rock; *ser de piedra ——* be hard as stone

*besar* kiss

*biblioteca* f. library

*bibliotecario* m. librarian

*bien* well; quite; *más ——* rather; m. good, benefit; object of love; pl. property; *——es de fortuna* worldly treasures

*bienestar* m. well-being

*bigote* m. mustache; *decir en sus ——s* say to one's face (cf. *decir en sus barbas*)

*blanca* f. old silver coin (no longer in use)

*blanco* white

*blanquear* whiten

*boardilla* f. garret

*boca* f. mouth

*bocado* m. mouthful

*boda* f. wedding; marriage

*bodorrio* m. (fam. for *bodijo*) unequal marriage

*bollo* m. roll, cake

*Bonaparte, Joseph* (1768-1844), brother of Napoleon I, through whose agency he became Spain's unwelcome ruler from 1808 to 1813

*bondad* f. goodness

*bondadoso* kind, generous

*bonito* pretty; good-looking

*boquirrubio* simple, artless

*bordar* embroider

*borraja* f. borage

*bosque* m. forest

*bostezar* yawn

*botica* f. drug store; drug

*brasero* m. brazier, pan to hold coals

*bravo* brave, fierce

*brazo* m. arm

*breve* brief

*bribón* m. rascal

*brillante* brilliant

*brinco* m. leap

*Bruno* Bruno (brown)

*Bruselas* Brussels

*buche* m. crop, craw; "chest"

*bueno* good; all right; *estar ——* be well; *estar —— para* be in the mood for (often with the opposite meaning, be in no mood for)

*buey* m. ox

*Burgos* Burgos (city in northern Spain)

*burlarse de* make fun of, mock

*busca* f. search

*buscar* look for

*Bustamante, General Anastasio* (1780-1853), vice-president of Mexico under President Guerrero in 1829; president of Mexico in 1830; again president from 1837 to 1841

*cabal* exact; exactly

*cabalito* (intensive of *cabal*) just exactly so

*cabalmente* exactly, precisely

*caballerito* m. (dim. of *caballero*) young gentleman, young master (expression used by servants in addressing a young master)

*caballero* m. sir; gentleman

*cabecera* f. head (of a bed)

*caber* be contained; *si cabe* if possible

*cabeza* f. head; *irse la ——* go mad

*cabo* m. end; *al ——* after all, finally, at last; *de —— a rabo* from start to finish

*cacao* m. cocoa

*cachivache* m. broken crockery; pl. worthless pots and pans

*cada* each, every; *—— cual* each one

*cadete* m. cadet

*Cádiz* Cadiz (city in Spain; in 1810 the scene of the radical outburst of the Cortes that embodied the Spanish spirit of democracy; here in Cadiz was drawn up the famous Constitution of 1812)

*caer* fall; *——se* fall down; *ya caigo* now I remember, now I understand

*caída* f. fall

*caja* f. drum; *echar con ——s destempladas* send away angrily

*calabaza* f. pumpkin, squash; *dar ——s* jilt, reject

*calabozo* m. cell, dungeon

*calceta* f. under-stocking; *hacer ——* knit

*calcular* calculate

*caliente* hot

*California* f. California; pl. Upper and Lower California

*cáliz* m. chalice, cup

*calor* m. heat

*calumniar* slander

*calzar* put on shoes, put on spurs, etc.

*calzoncillos* m. pl. drawers

*calzones* m. pl. breeches

*callado* (pp. of *callar*) silent

*callar* hush; be silent; not mention; *calla, calle,* whew, why

*calle* f. street

*cama* f. bed

*camaranchón* m. garret

*cambiar* change

*cambio* m. change; *en ——* on the other hand; on the contrary

*camino* m. road, way

*camisa* f. shirt; chemise

*campanada* f. stroke of a bell

*campanudo* high-sounding

*campo* m. country; field

*canario* exclam. of astonishment as good gracious

*cancel* m. inner door or wooden screen just inside the main entrance; space between the inner door and the outer one (many of the public buildings in the United States have an arrangement similar to the Spanish *cancel*)

*candelero* m. candlestick

*canónigo* m. canon (of a church)

*cantar* sing; *—— de plano* speak out plainly

*Cantarranas (Cantaranas)* literally croaking frogs. The name of the street was later changed to *Calle de Lope de Vega*

*caña* f. reed, cane

*cañón* m. cannon

*caoba* f. mahogany

*capaz* capable

*capital* f. capital city

*capitán* m. captain

*cara* f. face

*Caracas* Caracas (capital of Venezuela)

*carácter* m. office; character

*caramba* commonest exclam. in Spanish, expressing surprise, admiration, vexation, etc. indeed, the deuce

*carbón* m. coal

*carbunclo* m. carbuncle (glowing precious stone)

*cargo* m. care, charge; *a su ——* under his charge

*cariño* m. tenderness, affection

*Carlos* Charles; Charles III, king of Spain from 1759 to 1788

*caro* dear; expensive

*carraspera* f. hoarseness (necessitating frequent clearing of the throat)

*carrera* f. career

*carta* f. letter

*cartilla* f. primer

*cartucho* m. cartridge

*casa* f. house; *en ——* at home

*casamiento* m. marriage.

*casarse con* marry

*cascada* f. cascade, waterfall

*casco* m. skull, head (used also in pl.)

*casero* m. landlord

*casi* almost

*caso* m. case; *el —— es* the fact is

*cáspita* exclam. indicating surprise wonderful, gracious

*castigar* punish

*castillo* m. castle

*castizo* chaste, pure

*causa* f. cause, sake

*cé* ts (hissing sound made to call some one's attention)

*cebolla* f. onion

*cebón* fattened

*ceder* yield

*ceja* f. eyebrow; *entre —— y ——* in one's head

*cenar* dine

*cenefa* f. border. (In what the ladies style a "dress pattern," the *cenefa* is of the same material as the body of the goods with the design so modified that the *cenefa* may serve as trimming at sleeves, waist line, edge of skirt, etc.)

*ceniza* f. ashes

*centinela* m. sentinel; *de ——* on guard, on the lookout

*cepillar* brush

*cepillo* m. brush

*cerca de* near; about

*cerciorar* inform

*cerebral* cerebral

*ceremonia* f. ceremony

*cerezo* m. cherry-tree; cherry-wood

*cerrar* close; lock

*Cerro Gordo* Cerro Gordo (site near Jalapa in the state of Vera Cruz,
Mexico, scene of an important victory for the American forces under
General Winfield Scott, April 18, 1847)

*Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de* (1547-1616), author of "Don Quixote"

*ciego* blind

*cielo* m. heaven

*cien* one hundred

*ciertamente* certainly

*cierto* true; certain; *por ——* certainly, of course; *lo —— es* the fact is

*cifrar(se)* reckon, count

*cimarrón* wild, maroon (term applied to runaway slave living wild in the woods or mountains)

*cinco* five

*circunstancia* f. circumstance, condition; event

*citar* cite

*ciudadanía* f. citizenship

*civil* civil

*clandestino* clandestine

*Clari* f. girl's name

*claro* clear

*clase* f. class

*claustro* m. cloister

*Clementina* f. Clementine

*cocinero* m. cook

*cocotero* m. coconut tree

*coche* m. coach

*codiciar* covet

*codillo* m. codille; card term in the game of *tresillo* or *hombre* (French *hombre*, English *ombre*); in tresillo the hombre or solo player plays against two others; *dar ——* defeat the solo player; the solo player loses if either one of the other two takes more tricks than he does

*coger* catch

*cola* f. tail, train

*colchón* m. mattress

*colegiala* f. schoolgirl

*colegio* m. school

*color* m. color

*colorado* red

*collereta* f. (dim. of *collera*) collar

*coma* f. comma

*combate* m. conflict, engagement

*combustión* f. combustion

*comedia* f. comedy; *entablar la ——* stage the play; begin operations

*comenzar* commence

*comer* eat

*comerciante* m. merchant

*comercio* m. commerce

*cometa* f. kite

*cómico* comic, comical, humorous

*comisión* f. commission

*como* as; how; like

*cómo* interrog. how; *de a ——* at how much

*comodidad* f. comfort

*cómodo* comfortable

*compadecer* feel sorry for

*compañera* f. companion, mate

*compañía* f. company

*compartir* share

*compasión* f. compassion

*complacerse en* take delight in

*completamente* completely

*complot* m. plot, conspiracy

*composición* f. composition, piece of work

*comprar* buy

*comprender* understand

*comprometer* bind; *——se* become engaged to marry

*compromiso* m. embarrassing situation

*con* with; *—— tal que* provided, provided that

*conceder* grant

*concepto* m. opinion

*conciencia* f. conscience

*conde* m. count

*condena* f. sentence

*condenar* condemn, damn

*conducir* conduct

*conferencia* f. meeting, interview

*confesar* confess

*confesonario* m. confessional

*confianza* f. confidence, trust

*confiar* confide

*confidencial* confidential

*confiscar* confiscate

*confite* m. candy

*confundir* embarrass, confuse

*confusión* f. confusion

*congoja* f. anguish

*conmigo* with me

*conocer* know; *si conoceré a mi gente* don't I know them

*conque* and so

*consagrar* consecrate

*consecuencia* f. consequence

*conseguir* succeed in; attain; obtain

*consejero* m. counselor

*consejo* m. advice, counsel; council-house; *—— privado* privy council

*consentimiento* m. consent

*consentir* consent

*conservar* keep, preserve

*considerar* consider

*consigo* with him; with her; with you; with them; with themselves; with yourselves, etc.

*consiguiente* m. consequence; *de ——, por ——,* consequently

*consistir* consist

*consolar* console

*conspirar* conspire; war

*constancia* f. constancy

*constante* constant, faithful

*constitucional* constitutional

*constituir* constitute

*consuelo* m. consolation

*consulta* f. consultation

*consultar* consult

*contar* count

*contento* happy, satisfied

*contestación* f. answer

*contestar* answer

*contigo* with thee

*continuo* continual

*contra* against

*contrabandista* m. and f. smuggler

*contradecir* contradict

*contrario* contrary; *de lo ——* otherwise; *al ——* on the contrary

*contribuir* contribute

*convencer* convince

*convenir* suit; *—— en* agree to, agree upon

*convento* m. convent

*conversación* f. conversation

*convicción* f. conviction

*cooperar* coöperate; *—— a ella* coöperate in it

*copa* f. crown (of a hat)

*copiante* m. and f. copyist

*copiar* copy

*Coralina* girl's name

*corazón* m. heart

*cordial* cordial

*coronar* crown

*coronel* m. colonel

*corrección* f. correction

*correr* run; *su corre ve y dile* (now *correvedile* or *correveidile*; m. or f.) your fetch-and-carry

*corresponder* requite, love in return; belong

*correspondiente* corresponding

*corriente* current

*corte* m. cut, pattern

*corte* f. court; pl. Spanish Senate and Congress of Deputies

*cortedad* f. diffidence

*cortina* f. curtain

*cosa* f. thing, matter; anything

*coser* sew

*costa* f. cost

*costar* cost

*costumbre* f. custom

*cotorra* f. magpie

*cotorrita* f. dim. of *cotorra*

*covachuelista, covachuelo,* m. familiar name given to an official in the service of a minister to the Crown (the offices where the secretaries worked were called *covachuelas*, little caves, because located in the vaults of the old royal palace)

*Creador* m. Creator, God

*crear* create

*crecido* (pp. of *crecer* grow, increase) large

*credo* m. creed (prayer containing the articles of Christian belief); *hace un ——* a few minutes ago

*creer* believe; *ya lo creo* yes, to be sure

*crespo* crisp, curly

*criado (pp. of *criar*) brought up; m. servant; f. servant

*criar* raise; rear, bring up

*criminal* criminal

*crisis* f. crisis

*cristal* m. glass; crystal

*cristiano* Christian

*crítica* f. criticism *crítico* m. critic

*crudo* raw

*cruel* cruel

*crueldad* f. cruelty

*cuadro* m. picture

*cual* which

*cualidad* f. quality

*cualquiera* any, any one

*cuando* when; *—— más* at most (cf. *a lo más*); *—— menos* at least

*cuanto* as, as much; whatever; *en —— a* as for; as regards; *—— más pronto* the sooner; *—— más que* the more so as

*cuánto* how much

*cuarenta* forty

*cuarterón* m. quarter of a pound

*cuartillo* m. pint

*cuarto* m. quarter; fourth; room; flat

*cuatro* four

*cubrir* cover

*cucurucho* m. paper cone

*cuenta* f. account

*cuerpo* m. body; *—— de ejército* main body of an army

*cuestión* f. question

*cuidado* m. care, worry; *tener —— con* worry; *—— que* I tell you, no mistake; used as an exclam. with verb understood take care, be careful

*cuidar de* care, take care

*culpa* f. fault, blame

*cultivar* cultivate

*cumplido* m. compliment

*cumplir* fulfill; keep a promise

*cura* m. priest

*curiosear* watch, pry into others' affairs

*curiosidad* f. curiosity

*cuyo* whose

*charlar* chatter

*chasco* m. disappointment; trick

*chaveta* f. (sometimes written *chabeta*) linchpin, key; *perder la ——* fam. expression go crazy (cf. English go to pieces)

*chico* little; m. boy; f. girl

*chichón* m. bump

*chisme* m. gossip

*chispear* sparkle; *—— gracias* sparkle with witticisms

*chiste* m. joke

*chistoso* funny, humorous

*chocolate* m. chocolate

*chocolatera* f. chocolate pot

*chuleta* f. chop

*Churubusco* Churubusco (small village near Mexico City whose central feature was the massive stone convent of San Pablo. A battle was won here by the American troops on August 20, 1847)

*dama* f. lady

*dar* give; cause; *—— a luz* publish; *—— en* (with inf.) take to; *—— la hora* strike the hour; *va a —— algo* you are going to have an attack of some sort; *—se con la cabeza* bump one's head

*datar* date

*de* of; from; as; by; at; with; with inf. to

*deán* m. dean

*debajo de* underneath

*debelar* conquer

*deber* owe; ought; *debía resultar* must result

*debido* (pp. of *deber*) due

*débil* weak

*debilitar* weaken

*decidir* decide

*decir* say, tell

*declaración* f. proposal of marriage

*decoro* m. decorum

*dedicar* dedicate

*dedo* m. finger; *—— meñique* little finger

*deducir* deduce

*defecto* m. defect

*defender* defend

*defensa* f. defense

*defensor* m. defender

*dejar* leave; let alone; allow; *—— en el tintero* leave out in writing; *—— de* (with inf.) fail to

*delante* before

*delicioso* delightful

*demás: lo ——* the rest, the other; *los ——* the rest, the others

*demasiado* too; too much

*demonio* m. demon

*demostrar* show, indicate

*denominar* designate by name

*dentro* within, inside

*depender* depend

*derecho* straight; m. right

*derramar* shed

*desagradable* disagreeable

*desairar* slight, provoke, offend

*desaliento* m. discouragement

*desamar* cease to love

*desanimarse* become discouraged

*desarmar* disarm

*desastre* m. disaster

*desatar* untie, disarrange

*desatino* m. nonsense, folly

*desayunarse* take breakfast

*descansar* rest

*descanso* m. landing (of a staircase)

*desconocer* fail to recognize

*desconocido* (pp. of *desconocer*) strange, unknown

*descoser* rip; open

*describir* describe

*descripción* f. description

*descubrir* discover, disclose

*descuidar* neglect; *——se* be neglectful

*descuido* m. carelessness

*desde* from; *—— luego* at once

*desear* desire, wish

*desembarazado* (pp. of *desembarazar*) unhindered

*desempeñar* perform; *—— un papel* play a part

*desenamorarse* cease to be in love

*desencantar* disillusion

*desengañar* undeceive; *—se* find out one's mistake

*desengaño* m. disillusion; discovery of a mistake; *Calle de Desengaño* name of a street in Madrid

*desenlace* m. dénouement, ending (of a play or story)

*deseo* m. desire

*desesperación* f. desperation

*desesperar* despair; drive to despair

*desgarrar* tear

*desgracia* f. misfortune

*desgraciadamente* unfortunately

*desgraciado* unfortunate

*desheredar* disinherit

*desistir* desist

*deslealtad* f. disloyalty

*deslumbrado* (pp. of *deslumbrar*) dazed, dazzled; undecided

*desmejorar* change (for the worse)

*desnudar(se)* undress

*desorden* m. disorder

*despachar* finish; *——se* be quick

*despacho* m. office

*despedir* dismiss

*despego* m. aversion, coldness

*despeñar* precipitate

*desperdiciar* fail to make use of; waste

*despertar(se)* awaken

*despojos* m. pl. remains

*después* after; afterwards; *—— de* (with inf.) after

*desterrar* banish

*destierro* m. banishment

*destinar* destine

*destrozar* tear, destroy

*desván* m. attic

*desvelo* m. anxiety, watchful care

*desventurado* unfortunate

*detener(se)* stop

*determinar a* decide

*deuda* f. debt

*día* m. day; *hoy ——* nowadays; *el —— menos pensado* unexpectedly; *buenos ——s* good morning

*diablo* m. devil

*diablura* f. deviltry, mischief

*diálogo* m. dialogue

*diario* daily

*dictar* dictate

*dicha* f. happiness

*dicho* (pp. of *decir*) aforesaid; *lo ——* I mean it; enough said; m. legal promise of marriage

*dichoso* happy

*Dieguito* Jimmy

*diez* ten

*diferencia* f. difference

*diferente* different

*difícil* difficult

*dificultad* f. difficulty

*digerir* digest

*dignamente* worthily, suitably

*dignidad* f. dignity

*digno* worthy

*dinero* m. money

*Dios* m. God; *por ——* for heaven's sake

*diplomático* m. diplomat; adj. diplomatic

*dirección* f. executive board

*dirigir* address; *—se* go (toward)

*discernir* discern, distinguish

*disculpar* excuse

*discurso* m. course, space of time

*discutir* discuss

*disfrutar* enjoy

*disparate* m. nonsense; foolish remark

*dispensa* f. dispensation

*disponer* dispose, arrange

*disposición* f. disposal

*disputo* m. dispute

*distinguido* (pp. of *distinguir*) distinguished

*distinto* different

*distraer* distract

*diversión* f. amusement

*diverso* various

*divertido* (pp. of *divertir*) amusing

*divinamente* divinely

*doblar* bend

*docena* f. dozen

*dócil* docile

*doler* pain

*dominante* dominant

*Domingo* Dominic, the black slave in Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's story "Paul et Virginie" (Paul and Virginia)

*Dominus* (Latin) Lord; *—— tecum* Latin salutation meaning the
Lord be with thee

*don* m. Spanish title used only with a gentleman's Christian ame (abbreviated *D.*)

*don* m. gift

*doncella* f. maid

*donde* where

*dónde* where (interrog.)

*doña* f. Spanish title used only with a lady's Christian name (more commonly used in addressing or speaking of a married lady, but as a mark of formality the title may be applied to a lady who is unmarried)

*dorar* gild

*dormido* (pp. of *dormir*) sleepy, dreamy

*dormir* sleep; *——se* go to sleep

*dos* two

*dote* m. and f. gift, quality; dowry

*dramático* dramatic

*dramaturgo* m. dramatist

*ducado* m. ducat

*duda* f. doubt

*dudar* doubt

*duende* m. fairy, ghost

*durante* during

*duro* m. dollar; adj. hard

*e* and

*eclesiástico* ecclesiastical

*economía* f. economy

*echar* throw; throw out; put; pour; *—— mano a* seize; *haberse echado el alma atrás* be lost to a sense of duty; *—— por tierra* outdo, overcome; fig. gainsay

*edad* f. age

*edición* f. edition

*Eduardo* Edward

*educación* f. breeding, education

*educar* educate

*efecto* m. effect; *en ——* in fact; really; at any rate

*eficaz* efficacious

*efímero* ephemeral

*ejemplo* m. example

*ejército* m. army

*el, la, lo,* pl. *los, las,* the

*él, ella, ello,* pl. *ellos, ellas,* he; she; it; him; her; they; them; *ello es* it is a fact

*elección* f. choice

*elegancia* f. elegance

*elegante* elegant

*elemento* m. element

*elogiar* praise

*elogio* m. eulogy

*embargo* m. embargo; *sin ——, sin —— de,* notwithstanding; *sin —— de que* notwithstanding the fact that

*embromar* joke, tease

*embustero* m. liar, cheat

*embutido* m. inlaid work

*emigrado* m. political exile

*Emilia Galotti* title of a play by Lessing

*emoción* f. emotion

*empacho* m. bashfulness, embarrassment

*empeñarse en* insist; intercede

*empeño* m. determination, insistence

*empezar* begin

*empleado* m. employee; office-*holder

*emplear* employ; spend; use

*empleo* m. employment

*emporcar* soil

*emprender* begin, undertake

*empresario* m. manager (of a theater)

*en* in; on; (after such verbs as *pensar*) of

*enamorado* (pp. of *enamorarse*) enamored, in love; m. lover

*enamorarse de* fall in love

*encaje* m. lace

*encajera* f. lacemaker

*encantador* charming

*encaramar(se)* perch

*encargado de negocios* m. chargé d'affaires

*encargar* intrust; *——se* take charge; *——se del mando* assume command

*encargo* m. charge; request

*encender* light

*encerado* (pp. of *encerar* wax) m. oilcloth, oilskin

*encerrar* shut up; shut in; lock up

*encierro* m. confinement

*encontrar* find, meet; *——se con* meet

*encuentro* m. meeting

*enemigo* m. enemy

*enfadar* make angry; *——se* become angry

*enfermedad* f. illness, sickness

*enfermo* sick

*enfrascar* bottle up; *——se* be absorbed; be deeply interested in

*enfrente* in front; opposite

*engañar* deceive

*engendrar* beget; form

*engullir* devour

*enhorabuena* adv. well and good

*enlace* m. union

*enojado* (pp. of *enojar*) provoked, annoyed

*enojo* m. anger

*enorme* enormous

*ensalada* f. salad

*ensalzar* exalt

*ensangrentarse* rail offensively; *—— con* rail against

*enseñanza* f. teaching

*enseñar* teach; show

*entablar* make ready

*entender* understand

*enteramente* entirely

*enterarse de* inform one's self; be informed

*enternecer* move to pity; *——se* be moved to pity

*entero* whole

*enterrar* bury; *—— con palma* bury unwed (the palm branch being here a symbol of virginity)

*entonces* then; *por ——* then

*entrada* f. entrance; *libro de ——s y salidas* book of debits and credits

*entrambos* both

*entraña* f. entrail; pl. affection, compassion; *hija de mis ——s* my darling daughter

*entrarse en* enter, come in; come upon; take in

*entre* between; among; *—— tanto* (*entretanto*) meanwhile

*entreabrir* half open

*entregar* hand; give over

*entretener* entertain; delay; *——se* be busy

*entristecer* sadden

*entusiasta* enthusiastic

*enviado* m. envoy

*enviar* send

*envidiable* enviable

*envolver* wrap

*época* f. epoch

*equivocado* (pp. of *equivocar*) mistaken

*equivocar* mistake; *——se* be mistaken

*Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de* (1533-1594), author of the "Araucana"

*erupción* f. eruption

*errar* miss; mistake

*escalera* f. stair, stairway

*escándalo* m. scandal

*escapar(se)* escape; elope

*escapatoria* f. escape; elopement

*escarmiento* m. warning, chastisement

*escasez* f. privation, scarcity

*escena* f. scene

*escenario* m. stage; setting

*escocer* smart

*escoger* select, choose

*esconder* hide

*escribano* m. notary

*escribir* write; *—— corrido* write steadily; write easily and plainly

*escrito* (pp. of *escribir*) m. writing

*escrúpulo* m. scruple

*escuchar* listen

*ese, esa,* dem. adj. that, that very

*ése, ésa, eso,* dem. pron. that, that one; pl. those

*esfera* f. sphere

*eso* neuter pron. referring to an idea, phrase, or sentence that; *—— es* that's it; *a —— de* about

*espadín* m. rapier

*espalda* f. back; shoulder; *volver las ——s* turn one's back

*España* f. Spain; *Nueva ——* early name given to Mexico by the
Spaniards

*español* Spanish

*especialmente* especially

*especie* f. kind

*esperanza* f. hope

*esperar* wait; hope

*espina* f. thorn; splinter; physical cause of annoyance or discomfort; figurative meaning suspicion, worry; *no me da buena ——* arouses my suspicion (cf. English doesn't look good to me)

*esportilla* f. flexible basket or pannier (woven of esparto grass or something similar)

*esposa* f. wife

*esposo* m. husband

*espumar* skim; remove the scum; *saber cómo se espuma el puchero* know how to skim a stew

*esquina* f. corner

*esta* adj. this (f. form; m. *este*)

*establecer* settle

*establecimiento* m. establishment

*estado* m. state

*Estados Unidos* m. pl. United States

*estar* be; *—— bueno para* be in a fine state for; *—— de vuelta* be back; *—— de prisa* be in a hurry; *ya estoy (enterado)* I understand

*estatua* f. statue

*este, esta,* dem. adj. this

*éste, ésta, esto,* dem. pron. this; this one; the latter; pl. these etc.

*estéril* fruitless

*esto* neuter pron. this (sometimes that); *—— es* that is to say

*estómago* m. stomach

*estornudar* sneeze

*estratagema* f. stratagem

*Estuardo* Stuart

*estudiante* m. student

*estudio* m. study

*Etelvina* Ethelwyn

*eternidad* f. eternity

*eterno* eternal

*europeo* European

*evidente* evident

*evitar* avoid; prevent

*ex abrupto* suddenly

*exageración* f. exaggeration

*exaltar* exalt; fig. carry away; *—— la cabeza* turn one's head

*excelente* excellent

*excitar* excite, arouse

*excusa* f. excuse

*exigir* demand; insist on

*existencia* f. existence

*éxito* m. success

*experiencia* f. experience

*explicar* explain

*exponer* expose

*expresar* express

*expresión* f. expression

*expresivo* gracious, kind; expressive

*éxtasis* m. ecstasy

*extensión* f. extent

*exterior* exterior; *en el ——* abroad

*extranjero* foreign

*extrañar(se)* wonder, be surprised

*extraño* strange

*extraordinario* special, extraordinary

*extravagante* extraordinary, outlandish

*fácil* easy

*falsedad* f. falseness

*falta* f. lack; fault; *hacer buena ——* be much in need of; be absolutely necessary

*faltar* lack; *—— a* be lacking in; *no faltaba más* (expression of dissent) the idea! that would be the last straw

*fallo* m. decision, sentence

*familia* f. family

*fastidiar* weary; *——se* become bored

*fatigado* (pp. of *fatigar*) fatigued, weary

*fatuo* fatuous, conceited

*favor* m. favor

*favorable* favorable *fe* f. faith; *a ——* exclam. upon my word

*fecundo* fecund, fertile

*felicidad* f. happiness

*feliz* happy

*feo* ugly

*fiar(se)* trust

*ficción* f. fiction; stratagem, invention, trick

*figurar* figure; *——se* imagine

*filiación* f. filiation

*filial* filial

*fin* m. end; *en ——, al ——, por ——,* after all; finally

*finalmente* finally

*fingir* pretend; plan; invent; counterfeit

*fino* fine, courteous, delicate

*firma* f. signature

*firmar* sign

*fisgonear* spy

*físico* m. constitution

*fisonomía* f. physiognomy

*Flandes* Flanders; *punto de ——* Flemish lace

*fleco* m. fringe

*flor* f. flower

*fogosidad* f. fire, spirit

*fomentar* foment

*fomento m. development

*Fontana de Oro* (Golden Fount) famous café in Madrid much frequented by such liberals and men of letters as the critic Larra and the dramatist Gorostiza

*formación* f. formation

*formar* form; *—— en el bando* join the faction

*forrar* line

*forro* m. lining; cover (of a book)

*fortuna* f. fortune, good luck; *por ——* fortunately

*fosco (hosco)* harsh, frowning

*fracaso* m. sorry plight

*frágil* fragile, frail

*francés* French

*Francia* f. France

*Francisco* Francis

*franco* open

*frase* f. phrase; sentence

*frecuencia* f. frequency

*fregado* m. tangle

*fregar* scrub

*frenético* frenzied

*frente* m. front; f. brow, forehead

*fresco* fresh, cool

*frío* m. cold

*friolera* f. trifle

*frugalmente* frugally

*fruto* m. fruit

*fuego* m. fire

*fuelle* m. bellows

*fuera* outside; *—— de sí* beside one's self

*fuerte* adj. and adv. loud; loudly; strong; strongly

*fuerza* f. force; *por ——* of necessity

*fulano* m. so-and-so

*fundar* found; base

*furioso* furious

*furor* m. fury

*futuro* m. future

*gabacho* m. disrespectful word for French; poor Spanish

*gabinete* m. boudoir

*gaceta* f. gazette

*gallina* f. hen; *la —— ciega* blind man's buff

*gamo* m. buck (of the fallow deer)

*gana* f. desire; *tener ——* want

*ganar* earn; *le ——ía la voluntad* must have won for him the good will

*garabato* m. scrawl

*garbanzo* m. chick-pea

*gastar* spend

*gato* m. cat

*gemir* moan; grieve

*general* m. general

*generalmente* generally

*género* m. class; kind; *—— humano* mankind; pl. goods

*gente* f. people

*geringonza* see *jerigonza*

*gestión* f. negotiation; exertion

*gesto* m. gesture; expression; *hacer ——* make a wry face

*gitanada* f. trick

*gloria* f. glory

*gloriarse de* take delight in

*glorioso* glorious

*gobierno* m. government, rule

*golpe* blow; *—— de gracia* finishing stroke (blow given or shot fired to insure death to a wounded victim)

*Gómez Farías, Valentín*, Mexican statesman and champion of reform. The office of president was wrested from him by Santa Anna, April 1, 1833

*Gómez Hermosilla, José Mamerto* (1771-1837), Spanish man of letters.
His translation of the Iliad is a noted work

*gracia* f. mercy; favor; grace; joke; pl. thanks

*gracioso* funny, amusing

*granadero* m. grenadier

*grande* great; large, big

*grano* m. grain, seed; *—— de anís* very small matter

*gratitud* f. gratitude

*grave* serious

*griego* Greek

*grieta* f. crack; *——s en las manos* chapped hands

*gritar* shout

*grito* m. shout, cry

*grosería* f. coarseness, boorishness

*guante* m. glove

*guarda* m. guard; *—— de a caballo* mounted police

*guardar* keep

*guardia* f. guard

*guardilla* f. attic

*guarecer* shelter, guard

*guarnición* f. trimming

*guerra* f. war

*guisado* m. stew

*guisar* cook

*gustar* please; like; taste

*gusto* m. pleasure; liking; taste

*gustosísimo* (superlative of *gustoso*) most content, most willing

*haber* have; (impersonal) be; *—— de* (with inf.) have to; *a no —— venido* if I had not come; *ha de hacer* there is to do; *ha de ser* there must be; it must be

*habitar* live

*hábito* m. habit; pl. priestly dress

*hacer* do; make; commit; cause; *hace un año* (etc.) a year (etc.) ago; *——se* become; *——se cargo* bear in mind; *qué me he de ——* what am I to do with myself; *—— papel* play a part; *sin —— del agua* brand new

*hacia* toward

*hacienda* f. estate; finance; *ministro de ——* Secretary of the Treasury

*hallar* find; *——se* be; be found

*hambre* f. hunger

*harina* f. flour

*hasta* until; as far as; even; *—— tanto que* until such time as

*hay* (impersonal irreg. form from *haber*) there is; there are; *no —— de qué* you are welcome; *—— que* with infin. one must; *qué ——* hello, what's the news

*hecho* m. deed

*hembra* f. female; woman

*heredar* inherit

*heredero* m. heir

*hereje* m. and f. heretic

*herencia* f. inheritance

*hermana* f. sister

*hermano* m. brother

*hermoso* beautiful; handsome

*Herodes* m. Herod

*héroe* m. hero

*heroico* heroic

*heroína* f. heroine

*hervir* boil

*hierro* m. iron

*hija* f. daughter; used also in direct address as a term of mild endearment

*hijo* m. son; pl. sons; children

*hipótesis* f. hypothesis

*historia* f. history

*historiador* m. historian

*hojear* turn the pages of; open

*hola* exclam. hello, I say, etc.

*Holanda* f. Holland

*hombre* m. man

*homenaje* m. homage

*honor* m. honor

*honradez* f. honesty

*honrado* honest, honorable

*honrar* honor

*hora* f. hour; time; *a buena ——* at a seasonable time

*horizonte* m. horizon

*hormiguillo* m. (from *hormiga* ant) distemper of horses affecting first the hoofs; amalgamating mixture; *tener ——* be on pins and needles

*horror* m. horror

*hortera* m. nickname applied to certain shop clerks in Madrid

*hoy* today

*huerto* m. garden; orchard

*huevo* m. egg

*huir* flee; avoid

*humano* human; humane

*humeante* smoking

*humedecer* dampen, moisten

*humilde* humble

*humillación* f. humiliation

*humillar* humiliate

*humor* m. humor

*huracán m. hurricane

*idea* f. idea

*ídem* (Latin pronoun) the same; ditto

*iglesia* f. church

*ignorar* be unaware of

*igual* equal, like; even

*ilusión* f. illusion; fond fancy

*ilustre* illustrious, distinguished

*imaginar* imagine

*imaginario* imaginary

*impaciente* impatient

*impávido* dauntless

*impedir* hinder

*imperdonable* unpardonable

*imperfección* f. imperfection; blemish

*imperiosamente* imperiously

*implorar* implore

*importancia* f. importance

*importante* important

*importar* matter

*importunar* importune; bother

*imposible* impossible

*imprimir* print

*improbabilidad* f. improbability

*imprudencia* f. rashness

*impulso* m. impulse; *dar ——* encourage; foster

*incapaz* incapable

*incertidumbre* f. uncertainty

*inclinación* f. inclination

*inclusero* m. foundling; child reared in an Inclusa or orphans' home (Mesonero Romanos in his "El antiguo Madrid" states that the name Inclusa was given to the institution in Madrid because of a statue of the Virgin that is in its chapel and that was brought from Enkhuizen, Holland (Inclusa being a corruption of Enkhuizen); a child left in an Inclusa could hardly boast of his family)

*incógnito* incognito

*incompleto* incomplete, unfinished

*inconveniente* m. inconvenience

*indeciso* undecided

*indefenso* defenseless

*independencia* f. independence

*indicar* indicate

*indiferente* indifferent

*indigencia* f. poverty

*indigestarse* be hard to stomach

*indigestión* f. indigestion

*indigno* unworthy

*indisoluble* indissoluble

*indisposición* f. illness (slight)

*indisputable* indisputable

*individuo* m. individual

*indudablemente* undoubtedly

*indulgencia* f. indulgence, pardon

*inesperado* unexpected; unhoped-for

*infamia* f. outrage

*infatigable* indefatigable

*infeliz* unhappy

*inferir* infer

*infinito* infinitely

*inflamar* inflame

*influir* influence

*informar* inform

*informe* m. information; pl. information

*ingenio* m. talent

*ingenioso* ingenious

*Inglaterra* f. England

*inglés* English

*ingratitud* f. ingratitude

*injusticia* f. injustice

*injusto* unjust

*inmenso* immense

*inmolar* immolate, sacrifice

*innumerable* innumerable

*inocente* innocent

*inoportuno* inopportune

*inquietar(se)* fret, worry

*inquilino* m. tenant

*inseparable* inseparable

*insolencia* f. insolence

*insolentarse* become insolent

*instancia* f. urging; petition

*instante* m. instant

*instar* urge

*instrucción* f. instruction

*instructivo* instructive

*instrumento* m. instrument, tool

*insultar* insult

*intentar* try, attempt

*intercalar* intercalate, insert; interpose

*interés* m. interest; *tener —— en* have a reason for

*interesar* interest

*interpretar* interpret

*intervalo* m. interval

*íntimo* intimate

*intriga* f. intrigue

*introducir* introduce

*inútil* useless

*invasión* f. invasion

*invasor* invader

*inverosimilitud* f. improbability

*invierno* m. winter

*invitar* invite

*involuntariamente* involuntarily

*ir* go; *——se* go away; go off; boil over

*irregular* irregular

*irresistible* irresistible

*irrevocable* irrevocable

*irritar* irritate

*isla* f. island

*jabón* m. soap

*jabonadura* f. washing; pl. soap suds

*jabonar* wash with soap

*jalapa* f. jalap (plant, native of Jalapa, Mexico, whose root has strong purgative properties)

*jamás* never

*jaula* f. cage

*jefe* m. head, chief

*jergón* m. straw tick, straw bed

*jerigonza* f. (*gerigonza*) jargon; rigmarole

*Jesús* m. Jesus; as an exclam. mercy, gracious

*jícara* f. chocolate cup

*jornada* f. military expedition

*José* Joseph

*jota* f. letter J; jot

*joven* young; m. and f. young man; young woman

*Juan* John

*Juana* Jane, Joan

*jueves* m. Thursday; *cosa del otro ——* something unusual

*jugador* m. gambler

*jugar* play

*juicio* m. judgment

*juicioso* sensible

*julio* m. July

*juntar* join

*junto* near; together; *—— a* together with, along with

*juramento* m. oath; vow

*jurar* swear

*justicia* f. justice

*justo* just, fair

*juventud* f. youth

*juzgar* judge

*la* f. (definite article) the; the one; *—— de* that of; (objective pron.) her; it

*labio* m. lip

*lado* m. side

*lagar* m. winepress

*lamentación* f. lamentation, wail

*lance* m. occurrence; *de ——* at a bargain, cheap, secondhand

*langosta* f. lobster

*Larra, Mariano José de* (1809-1837) the celebrated "Fígaro," journalist, novelist, and dramatist, besides being the greatest Spanish satirist and literary critic of his time

*lástima* f. pity; *dar ——* inspire with pity, make sorry

*laurel* m. laurel; honor

*lavandera* f. washerwoman

*lavar* wash

*lazo* m. tie

*le* him; you; to him; to you; to her; to it

*lector* m. reader

*lectura* f. reading

*leer* read

*legua* f. league

*lejos* far

*lenguaje* m. language

*lenteja* f. lentil

*Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim,* German dramatist (1729-1781)

*letanía* f. litany (long prayer consisting of a series of invocations and responses. The best-known litanies are those addressed to the Virgin Mary, but there are also litanies of the Saints, litanies of the Holy Name, etc.); long list (of any sort)

*letra* f. letter

*levantar* raise; *—— la cama* make the bed; *—— la tapa de los sesos* blow one's brains out; *—se* get up

*ley* f. law; loyalty

*liberal* liberal

*libertad* f. liberty

*libra* f. pound

*libraco* m. old trashy book

*librar* deliver, free

*libre* free, unguarded

*libro* m. book

*licencia* f. permission, consent

*lija* f. dogfish; shark-skin (the dried skin is used for polishing woods and metals); sandpaper

*limitar* limit

*límite* m. limit

*limosna* f. alms

*limpieza* f. cleanliness

*limpio* clean

*lindo* charming, lovely; neat; fine; *—— mozo* fine-looking young fellow

*lisonjear* flatter

*lista* f. list

*listo* ready

*literario* literary

*literato* m. writer

*lo* him; it; so; with m. sing. adj. *lo* forms abstract noun; *—— único* the only thing (cf. *—— mismo* the same thing; likewise); *—— que* that which, what; how much, how; *—— es* it is; it is so

*lobreguez* f. darkness

*loco* crazy; *—— de atar* raving lunatic

*locura* _f._madness; act of madness

*lograr* succeed; succeed in

*Londres* m. London

*losa* f. slab

*lucha* f. struggle

*luego* then; soon, immediately

*lugar* m. place; space; time

*lumbre* f. fire

*luz* f. light

*llamar* call; knock; attract; *hacer ——* have called

*llave* f. key

*llegar* arrive, reach; *—— a* (with inf.) come

*llenar* fill

*llevar* carry; take; *—— a cabo* carry out, accomplish; *—— a los labios* raise to the lips; *——se* take with one; take away

*llorar* cry

*lloro* m. weeping

*madre* f. mother; bed (of a river)

*Madrid* m. Madrid

*maestrante* m. member of a *maestranza* or riding club of Spanish noblemen

*magnánimo* magnanimous

*mal* m. wrong; harm; adv. badly

*maldito* cursed (pp. of *maldecir*); (in exclam.) confound, plague take (the); (used to express strong negation) little; none; *sin maldita la oposición* without any opposition whatever

*malo* bad; *estar ——* be sick

*malsonante* ill-sounding

*Malvina* girl's name

*Mallorca* island of Majorca; *pan de ——* kind of rich coffee-cake

*mandar* order

*mando* m. command

*manera* f. manner; *en gran ——* greatly

*manga* f. sleeve

*maniático* maniacal

*manifestar* show

*mano* f. hand; *tener entre ——s* have in hand

*Manuel* Manuel

*Manuela* girl's name (f. of *Manuel*)

*mañana* f. morning; adv. tomorrow

*marchar* march; go; *——se* go away

*Margarita* Margaret

*María* Mary

*marido* m. husband

*marqués* m. marquis

*marquesa* f. marchioness

*marquesado* m. marquisate

*Martínez de la Rosa, Francisco* (1789-1862), Spanish statesman and writer banished by Ferdinand VII

*mártir* m. and f. martyr

*mas* but

*más* more; most; *los (las) —— de* the majority of; *por —— que* however much; *no ——* nothing more

*masa* f. mass

*matar* kill

*matemático* m. mathematician

*materia* f. matter; *entrar en ——* come to the point

*Matilde* girl's name

*matutino* early (in the morning)

*mayor* (comp. of *grande*) greater; greatest; chief, main

*mayorazgo* m. entail; inheritance of oldest son

*me* me

*media* f. stocking

*medida* f. measure

*medio* m. midst; means; middle; adj. half; *de —— a ——* completely

*meditación* f. meditation

*mejor* (comp. of bueno) better; best

*memoria* f. memory

*menester* m. necessity; *ser ——* be necessary

*menor* younger; smaller; *el ——* the youngest

*menos* less; least; *al ——, a lo ——, cuando ——, por lo ——*, at least; *a —— que* unless

*menoscabo* m. detriment

*mentecato* m. fool, idiot

*mentira* f. lie

*menudo: a ——* often

*meñique* adj. little (finger)

*mercantil* mercantile, business

*merced* f. grace; *su ——* (title of respect) you (cf. *vuestra ——, Vd.*)

*merecedor* deserving

*merecer* merit, deserve

*mérito* m. merit, worth

*mes* m. month

*mesa* f. table

*meter* put, put in; shut up; *——se* get in, get under; *——se en camisa de once varas* interfere in other people's affairs; *—— baza* put in a word

*método* method

*mexicano* Mexican

*México* m. Mexico

*mi* my

*mí* me; myself

*miedo* m. fear

*miembro* m. member; limb

*mientras* while

*mil* thousand

*milagro* m. miracle

*militar* military

*millar* m. thousand (generally used in the pl.)

*mimar* pet, spoil

*minino* m. fam. for *gato* cat (cf. English pussy)

*ministro* m. minister, secretary; *—— de Relaciones* Secretary of Foreign Affairs

*minuto* m.. minute

*mío* my; mine

*mirada* f. glance

*miramiento* m. circumspection

*mirar* look, look at

*miserable* miserable

*miseria* f. misery; trifle

*mísero* miserable

*misión* f. mission

*mismo* same; very; (with noun or pron.) himself, herself, itself, yourself, etc.; *lo ——* the same thing; *por lo ——* for the same reason; consequently; *aquí ——* right here

*misterio* m. mystery

*modales* m. pl. manners

*moderno* modern

*modesto* modest

*modismo* m. idiom, idiomatic expression

*modo* m. way, manner; means; *de todos ——s* at any rate; *de otro ——* otherwise

*Moliere* Molière (1622-1673), noted French dramatist who greatly influenced Moratín

*momento* m. moment

*monólogo* m. monologue

*monstruoso* monstrous

*Monterey* m. Monterey (Monterrey), capital city of the state of
Nuevo León, Mexico, taken by American forces in September, 1846

*moralidad* f. morality

*moribundo* dying

*morir(se)* die; *—— por sus pedazos* be infatuated with one

*mortal* adj. and m. and f. mortal

*mosca* f. fly; *picarle la ——* be bothered by

*mostrar* show

*motivo* m. motive, reason

*muchacha* f. girl

*mucho* much; pl. many

*muda* f. change

*mudanza* f. change; inconstancy

*mueble* m. piece of furniture; pl. furniture

*muerte* f. death

*mujer* f. woman; wife

*multitud* f. large number

*mundo* m. world

*muñeca* f. doll

*murmurar* murmur; talk about unfavorably

*muselina* f. muslin

*mutuamente* mutually

*muy* very

*nacer* be born; *estos criados antiguos que nos han visto ——* these old servants who have known us all our lives

*nacimiento* m. birth

*nacional* national

*nada* nothing; with negative anything; adv. not at all

*nadie* nobody

*natal* native

*natural* natural

*naturaleza* f. nature; kind

*necesariamente* necessarily

*necesario* necessary

*necesidad* f. necessity

*necesitar* need

*necio* idiotic

*negado* m. one lacking in sense or judgment; *hacer el ——* play the fool

*negar* deny; refuse

*negativa* f. refusal

*negociación* f. negotiation

*negociar* negotiate

*negocio* m. business; affair

*negro* black; m. negro

*ni* neither; nor; not, not even

*Nicolasa* woman's name

*niebla* f. fog, mist

*ninguno* adj. and pron. none; no one; no

*niña* f. girl, young lady; apple of one's eye

*niño* m. child; boy

*no* no; not

*noble* noble

*noche* f. night

*nogal* m. walnut-tree; walnut wood

*nombrar* name, appoint

*norteamericano* North American; of the United States

*nos* us

*nosotros* we; us

*notable* notable, famous

*notar* notice, note

*noticia* f. news

*noticiar* notify

*novela* f. novel

*novia* f. sweetheart; bride

*novio* m. lover; bridegroom

*nube* f. cloud

*nuestro* our

*nueva* f. news

*nueve* nine

*nuevo* new

*nunca* never

*o* or

*obedecer* obey

*obediente* obedient

*objeto* m. object

*obligación* f. obligation, duty

*obligar* oblige, force

*obra* f. work

*observación* f. observation; remark

*observar* observe

*obstáculo* m. obstacle

*obtener* obtain, get

*ocasión* f. occasion; opportunity; *a ocasiones* at times

*océano* m. ocean

*ocioso* idle

*octubre* m. October

*oculto* hidden; disguised

*ocupación* *f.* occupation

*ocupar* occupy, busy

*ocurrir* occur

*ocurso* m. (Mex.) petition, claim

*ochavo* m. small copper coin no longer in use

*ocho* eight

*ochocientos* eight hundred

*odio* m. hatred

*odioso* odious

*Ofelia* Ophelia

*ofender* offend

*ofrecer* offer

*oh* exclam. oh

*oído* m. ear

*oír* hear; *oiga* exclam. listen, I say

*ojalá* exclam. introducing a wish would that; O that

*ojeada* f. glance

*ojo* m. eye; *en un abrir y cerrar de ——s* in a twinkling; *dar en ——s* make angry

*oler* smell

*olfatear* smell, sniff

*olvidar(se)* forget

*onza* f. ounce

*ópera* f. opera

*opinar* think, judge

*oponer(se)* oppose

*oposición* f. opposition

*opuesto* (pp. of *oponer*) opposed; opposite

*ora* now (used in parallel constructions)

*orador* m. orator, speaker

*orden* f. order

*ordinario* ordinary, common

*organizar* organize

*original* adj. and m. original

*oscuro* dark; *a oscuras* in the dark

*oste (oxte)* exclam. begone, get out; *sin decir —— ni moste* without saying a word

*otorgar* consent, agree to

*otro* other, another

*oveja* f. sheep; *cada —— con su pareja* each with his own kind

*Pablo* Paul

*paciencia* f. patience

*padecer* suffer

*padecimiento* m. suffering

*Padierna* Padierna (ranch or farm in the municipality of San Ángel, a suburb of Mexico City, where on August 19-20, 1847, the Mexicans lost an important battle, known in the United States as the battle of Contreras)

*padre* m. father

*padrino* m. godfather

*pagar* pay, pay for; *me las pagará todas juntas* I'll get even with you for everything

*pago* m. payment

*país* m. country

*paja* f. straw

*paje* m. page

*palabra* f. word

*palacio* m. palace

*pálido* pale

*palma* f. palm; fig. honor

*palmada* f. clap

*Palo Alto* Palo Alto (city in the extreme south of Texas where the
Americans defeated the Mexicans in battle in 1846)

*palomino* m. young pigeon, squab

*pan* m. bread

*pana* f. velveteen; corduroy

*pañuelo* m. handkerchief

*papá* m. papa

*papamoscas* m. flycatcher (bird)

*papel* m. paper; *—— de seda* tissue paper; fig. part, rôle

*papilla* f. pap

*par* m. pair

*para* for, in order to; *—— que* in order to; so that; *—— qué* what for

*parcial* partial, prejudiced

*parecer* appear, seem; *al ——, a lo que parece,* apparently; *ya pareció el peine* now we've got him, I told you so

*pared* f. wall

*pareja* f. partner

*parentesco* m. relationship

*pariente* m. relation

*París* Paris

*parleta* f. chat

*parte* f. part; *en mucha ——* largely; *por una ——* on the one hand; *por otra ——* on the other hand; on the contrary

*particular* particular; strange, peculiar; especial; *no tener nada de ——* not be strange

*partida* f. departure

*partidario* m. partisan; *ser —— de* be partial to; like

*partido* m. match; political party; district; *tomar ——* take a stand; make up one's mind; resolve

*pasar* pass, go; spend; take place; endure; be the matter with; *—— de* (with inf.) go beyond; *se me pasaba* I was forgetting

*pasear(se)* walk up and down; stroll

*pasión* f. passion

*pasivo* passive

*paso* m. passing; step, pace; short dramatic sketch; *dar un ——* take a step

*paterno* paternal

*patria* f. country, native land

*patrimonial* patrimonial

*pecar* sin; be at fault

*pedazo* m. piece

*pedir* ask, ask for; call for

*Pedro* Peter

*pegujar (pegujal)* m. small estate; pl. acres

*peine* m. comb; tooth of a comb; sharp point, barb, sticker

*pelaje* m. (poor) appearance

*pelear* fight

*peligro* m. danger

*pelo* m. hair; *de medio ——* shabby-genteel

*pelotera* f. quarrel, fuss

*pena* f. pain

*penalidad* f. penalty

*pensamiento* m. thought

*pensar* think; expect

*peor* worse; *lo ——* the worst

*pera* f. pear

*percal* m. percale, calico

*perder* lose; ruin; *pierda V. cuidado* don't worry

*perdón* m. pardon

*perdonar* pardon

*perdulario* shiftless; m. ne'er-do-well, shiftless person

*perfección* f. perfection

*perillán* m. (from *Per Illán*, a famous Toledan character of the 13th century) scamp

*periódico* m. newspaper

*periodista* m. journalist, reporter

*período* m. period

*permiso* m. permission

*permitir* permit

*pero* but

*perrada* f. mean action; low-down trick

*persecución* f. persecution

*persistir* persist

*persona* f. person

*personaje* m. personage, character

*personal* personal

*persuadir* persuade

*pertenecer* belong

*Perú* m. Peru (country rich in mines); *valer un ——* be worth a fortune; be fraught with meaning

*pesado* heavy, dull, boresome

*pesadumbre* f. grief

*pesar* weigh; *——se de* be sorry for; *a —— de ——es* in spite of everything

*petición* f. petition

*piano* m. piano

*picar* sting, bite

*pícaro* villainous

*picotear* peck at; jabber; chatter all the time

*pie* m. foot; *al —— de la letra* literally, word for word

*pienso* m. (old form of *pensamiento*) thought; *ni por ——* by no means

*pieza* f. piece; play; rogue, joker

*píldora* f. pill

*pimienta* f. pepper; fig. cause for annoyance

*pinar* m. pine grove

*pique: a —— de* on the point of

*pisar* tread

*piso* m. floor

*pistola* f. pistol

*pistoletazo* m. pistol shot

*pitanza* f. daily food

*placer* m. pleasure

*plan* m. plan; theme or plot (of a story or play)

*planchar* iron, press

*plano* plain, smooth, flat

*plátano* m. banana

*plato* m. plate; dish; *—— de gusto* palatable dish

*plaza* f. place, post

*plenipotenciario* adj. and m. plenipotentiary

*pliego* m. sheet of paper

*pluma* f. pen

*pobre* poor; *—— de mí* poor me

*pobrecillo, pobrecito* adj. and m. poor little; poor little thing

*pobretón* very poor

*pobreza* f. poverty

*pocilga* f. pigsty

*poco* little; not very; *otro ——* a little more

*poder* be able; m. power; *no puedo menos de* (with inf.) I cannot help; *no puedo más* I can stand no more

*poeta* m. poet

*política* f. politics; political matters

*político* political

*poltrón* lazy; *silla poltrona* easy chair

*polvillo* m. (dim. of *polvo*) fine dust

*polvo* m. dust

*poner* put, place, station; *—— al corriente* inform; *——se pálido* turn pale

*popa* f. stern (of a ship)

*por* for; by; through; because of; *—— una ventana* out of a window; *—— qué* why; *el —— qué* the reason why

*porque* because

*porquería* f. filth; untidiness

*portarse* conduct one's self

*porvenir* m. future

*posdata* f. postscript

*poseer* possess

*posesión* f. possession

*posible* possible

*posición* f. position

*positivo* positive

*posta* f. post, stage

*potaje* m. pottage; *—— de lentejas* lentil soup

*potencia* f. power

*práctico* practical

*preámbulo* m. preamble

*precioso* lovely; precious

*precipicio* m. precipice

*precipitación* f. haste

*precipitadamente* hurriedly

*precipitar* ruin

*precisamente* precisely

*preciso* necessary; adv. exactly

*preferencia* f. preference

*preferir* prefer

*pregunta* f. question

*preguntar* ask, question

*premioso* pressing, troublesome

*prenda* f. cherished token; garment

*prendar* attract; *estar prendado* be taken with; be smitten with

*preocupación* _f._prejudice; notion

*preocupar* absorb, preoccupy

*preparación* f. preparation

*preparar* prepare

*preparativo* m. preparation

*presencia* f. presence

*presentar* present; *——se* appear

*presente* present; *tener ——* have in mind

*preservar* keep, protect

*presidio* m. prison; prisoner

*prestar* lend

*presto* quickly

*presumido* (pp. of *presumir*) presumptuous

*presumir* presume; suspect

*presuntuoso* presumptuous

*pretender* attempt

*pretendiente* m. suitor

*pretexto* m. pretext

*prima* f. cousin

*primero* first

*principal* main, principal; *El Principal* first theater of importance in Mexico City (it still exists, though now given over to short comic operas and vaudeville)

*príncipe* m. prince

*principio* m. beginning

*prisa* f. haste; *de ——* quickly; *tener ——* be in a hurry

*privado* private

*probable* probable

*probablemente* probably

*probar* prove; try; taste; *—— bocado* taste a mouthful

*profundo* profound, deep

*progenitor* m. ancestor; as adj. ancestral

*prolongar* prolong

*prometer* promise

*pronto* adj. and adv. quick; ready; quickly; *de ——* suddenly; m. outburst; *primer ——* sudden outburst

*propensión* f. propensity

*propio* own

*proponer* propose, suggest

*proporcionar* furnish; afford

*propósito* m. proposition

*proscribir* proscribe

*proseguir* proceed, go on with

*protagonista* m. and f. principal character, star

*protección* f. protection

*protestar declare

*provecho* m. advantage, benefit; *buen —— le haga* may it do you good

*provocar* provoke

*proyecto* m. project, plan

*prudencia* f. prudence

*prudente* prudent

*prueba* f. proof

*publicar* publish

*público* public

*puchero* m. small pot; Spanish stew (of which one of the principal ingredients is usually the *garbanzo* or chick-pea. The *puchero* is known also as the *cocido* and was formerly called *olla* or, when especially rich, *olla podrida*); pl. pout, snivel; *hacer ——s* snivel

*pueblo* m. people

*puerta* door; *—— falsa* back door; *—— principal* front door; main entrance

*puerto* m. harbor

*pues* why; well; then; since; (used alone in answer to a question) yes

*puesto* m. position; post, place

*pulso* m. pulse; wrist

*puntilla* f. (dim. of *punta*) small point; *de ——s* on tiptoe

*punto* m. point; stitch; lace; *—— y coma* semicolon; *a ——* opportunely

*purgar* purge

*puro* pure

*que* who; which; that; than; for; *el ——* he who; the one that; the fact that; *lo ——* what; how much; *sino ——* except that; *tanto tiempo ——* such time as; *por lo —— es eso* as for that; *—— de V. soy y seré* for I am yours and always will be

*qué* exclam. what, why; interrog. how, what; adv. how; *a ——* (with inf.) why; *de ——* how, in what way

*quebrantar* break, crush

*quedar(se)* remain

*quehacer* m. duty, occupation

*quejarse* complain

*quemar* burn

*querer* love; like; wish, want; *—— decir* mean; *—-se* love each other

*querida* f. beloved one; dear one

*qui pro quo* m. misunderstanding

*quiebra* f. failure

*quien* who

*quién* who

*Quijote* Don Quixote (hero of Cervantes's novel of the same name)

*quince* fifteen

*quinientos* five hundred

*Quintana, Manuel José* (1772-1857), noted Spanish poet and historian ardently opposed to the French invasion

*quinto* fifth

*quitar* take away, remove; prevent

*quizá* perhaps

*rabo* m. tail

*rapto* m. abduction

*raro* rare; strange; scarcely (any)

*rasgo* m. trait; great action

*rato* m. short space of time; *hace ——* a moment ago

*rayado* (pp. of *rayar*) striped

*rayo* m. thunderbolt; flash of lightning

*raza* f. race

*razón* f. right; reason; *tener ——* be right; *tener mil ——es* be perfectly right; be a thousand times right

*real* m. real (one fourth of a peseta in Spanish money, equivalent to about five cents; in Mexico a real is one eighth of a peso, or about six cents); adj. royal

*realizar* realize, gain; *—se* take place

*realmente* really

*rebelar(se)* rebel

*rebozo* m. shawl-like covering or scarf worn by Spanish and Spanish-American women on the head and shoulders; *sin ——* openly

*recado* m. message (written or verbal)

*recaer* devolve; fall

*recibimiento* m. reception

*recibir* receive

*recién* recently

*reclamar* claim, demand

*recobrar* recover

*recoger* gather, gather up; receive

*recomendar* recommend

*recompensar* recompense, reward

*reconciliar* reconcile

*reconocer* reconnoiter

*reconocimiento* m. recognition

*recordación* f. remembrance

*recordar* remember; remind

*recorrer* run over; travel through

*recuperar* recover, make up

*recurso* m. resort; means

*redondo* round; *caer(se) ——* faint, fall in a heap

*referir* relate, tell; *—se* refer

*reflexión* f. reflection, thought

*reflexionar* reflect

*refundir* rearrange

*regalo* m. comfort, luxury

*regañar* scold

*regatear* beat down the price

*regresar* return

*regularmente* generally

*rehilete* m. dart, shuttlecock

*reinado* m. reign

*reír(se)* laugh

*reja* f. grating (made of iron bars, to protect an outer door or window)

*rejalgar* m. realgar, red arsenic

*relación* f. account, story; relation; affair

*relámpago* m. lightning

*relato* m. story, report

*relieve* m. relief

*remediar* remedy, help

*remedio* m. remedy, help

*remendar* mend

*remirar* look again

*remoto* remote

*renacer* be born again

*rendición* f. surrender

*rendija* f. crack

*rendir* give up, surrender

*renegar* swear

*renglón* m. line

*renta* f. income

*reparar en* notice, pay attention to

*repente* m. sudden movement; *de ——* suddenly

*repetir* repeat

*reposar* repose

*representación* f. performance, production

*representante* m. representative

*representar* act, represent

*reproducir* reproduce

*república* f. republic

*repugnar* repudiate

*repulsa* f. repulse

*requerer* require, demand

*requisito* requisite

*Resaca* Resaca de la Palma (small town in Texas on the Rio Grande, near which the American forces defeated the Mexicans in battle in 1846)

*residir* reside

*resignación* f. resignation

*resignar* resign

*resolver* solve; resolve, decide

*respecto: —— de* concerning

*respeto* m. respect

*respetuoso* respectful

*respirar* breathe

*responder* answer; *—— de* answer for

*respuesta* f. answer

*restante* remaining

*resto* m. rest; pl. remnants, remains

*resuelto* (pp. of *resolver*) resolute

*resultado* m. result

*resultar* result; turn out

*resumen* m. résumé, summary

*retirar(se)* withdraw

*retratar* portray

*retrato* m. portrait

*reunir(se)* unite, join; gather

*revelar* reveal

*revés* m. reverse; *al ——* on the contrary

*Revillagigedo (Revilla Gigedo), Juan Vicente de*, ablest of the viceroys of New Spain, ruling over Mexico as the 52d viceroy from 1789 to 1794

*revolución* f. revolution

*rezar* pray; (referring to speaking or writing) say

*rico* rich

*ridículo* m. reticule, handbag

*rigodón* m. rigadoon, a kind of quadrille.

*rigor* m. rigor; *ser de ——* be strictly in accordance with the rules (cf. French *de rigueur*)

*rincón* m. corner

*río* m. river

*ripio* m. scrap; *no perder ——* miss nothing

*riqueza* f. riches, wealth

*risueño* smiling

*Roa Bárcena, José María* (1827-1908), distinguished Mexican poet, journalist, and historian

*rodeo* m. turn, winding; *andar con ——s* beat about the bush

*rodilla* f. knee; *de ——s* on one's knees

*rogar* pray

*romántico* romantic

*romper* break

*Ronda* Ronda (city in southern Spain)

*rondón* m. (French *rondón* swoop; impetuosity; *en rondón* impetuously) *de ——* suddenly, abruptly; *entrar de ——* enter suddenly an unceremoniously; enter without knocking

*ropa* f. clothing

*rosa* f. rose

*ruido* m. noise

*ruin* low, base

*sábana* f. sheet

*saber* know; hear (in the sense of find out, discover)

*sacar* take out

*sacerdotal* sacerdotal

*sacrificar* sacrifice

*sala* f. sitting-room; parlor

*salario* m. wages

*salchicha* f. sausage

*salida* f. exit

*salir(se)* go out; come out; leave; fig. turn out; *—— con la suya* gain one's point

*saludable* healthful

*saludar* bow or speak in greeting

*salvar* save

*San* (contraction of *Santo* used before masculine given names) saint; holy

*sangrar* bleed

*sangre* f. blood; *estar de —— fría* be cool

*santiamén* m. (from the Latin words *Spiritus Sancti, Amen*) instant; *en un ——* in a jiffy

*santísimo* most holy

*santo* m. saint

*sartén* f. frying-pan

*satisfacción* f. satisfaction

*satisfacer satisfy

*satisfecho* (pp. of *satisfacer*) satisfied

*sazón* f. season; *a la ——* at that time, then

*se* reflexive pron. himself, herself, itself, themselves, for himself, to himself, etc.; often with the force of an indefinite subject one; = *le, les*, in the combinations *—— lo, —— la, —— los, —— las,* where *se* is not reflexive

*secamente* dryly, bluntly

*secretaría* f. secretaryship

*secreto* m. secret

*secularización* f. secularization

*seda* f. silk

*seguida: en ——* at once

*seguir* continue; follow

*según* as; according to

*segundo* second

*seguridad* f. security

*seguro* sure; true; *a buen ——* certainly

*seis* six

*selvático* wild

*sellar* seal; stamp; *papel sellado* paper or document stamped with the government seal so as to make it legal

*semana* f. week

*semejante* similar; such

*sencillo* simple

*sensación* f. sensation

*sentarse* sit down

*sentido* m. sense

*sentimental* sentimental

*sentimiento* m. regret; sentiment

*sentir* feel; regret; notice; *—se* feel

*seña* f. sign, signal; *por más ——s* furthermore; as a stronger proof

*señalar* indicate

*señor* m. sir; gentleman; master; with family name of gentleman Mr.

*señora* f. lady; madam

*señoría* f. lordship; ladyship

*señorita* f. young lady; mistress, Miss

*señorón* m. great lord, grandee

*separación* f. separation

*separar(se)* separate; leave

*sepultar* bury

*sequedad* f. dryness, bluntness

*ser* be; *no sea que* for fear (lest)

*sereno* serene

*serio* serious

*servicio* m. service

*servidor* m. servant

*servir* serve; *——se* be pleased; take the trouble; *——se de* make use of; *de qué ——ía* what would be the use

*sesenta* sixty

*seso* m. brain

*si* if; whether; expletive why; *un —— es no es* somewhat; with negative sometimes at all

*sí* yes; *lo que ——* what certainly

*sí* reflexive pron. used with prep. himself; herself; yourself; themselves etc.

*sibarita* m. and f. sybarite, lover of luxury

*siempre* always; at any rate; *—— que* every time that

*siesta* f. afternoon nap

*siete* seven

*significado* m. meaning

*significante* significant

*signo* m. point; *—— de admiración* exclamation point

*silencio* m. silence

*silla* f. chair

*simpático* likable, congenial, nice

*sin* without

*sinceramente* sincerely

*sincero* sincere

*síndico* m. syndic, trustee

*Sinforosa* woman's name

*sino* besides; except; but

*síntoma* m. symptom

*siquiera* even; at least; *ni ——* not even

*sitio* m. site, place

*situación* f. situation

*sobrar* be more than enough; be over and above

*sobre* m. envelope; prep. on; above; over

*sobrecoger* overcome

*sobresalir* stand out

*sobrina* f. niece

*sobrino* m. nephew

*sociedad* f. society

*solapa* f. lapel

*soldado* m. soldier

*solemne* solemn; impressive; out and out

*solemnidad* f. solemnity; *pobres de —— y solemnes pobres* utterly and hopelessly poor

*soler* be in the habit of; be accustomed to

*solicitar* solicit; beg

*solo* adj. only, single, alone; *a solas* alone

*sólo* adv. only

*soltar* loose; let go

*soltero* single, unmarried

*sombra* f. shade

*sombrero* m. hat

*sonreír(se)* smile

*soñar* dream

*soplar* blow; blow out

*sórdido* sordid

*sorprender* surprise; *——se* be surprised

*sorpresa* f. surprise

*sortija* f. ring

*sospechar* suspect

*sostener* sustain, support

*Sr.* Señor

*su* his; her; its; your; their

*suave* smooth

*subir* come up; go up; climb; bring up; *—— de punto* grow, increase

*subsistencia* f. subsistence

*subterráneo* subterranean

*suceder* happen

*sucedido* m. happening

*sudor* m. perspiration, sweat

*suelo* m. ground; floor

*sueño* m. dream

*suerte* f. fate; luck

*sufragio* m. vote; favor

*sufrir* suffer

*sujeto* m. person, fellow

*suma* f. sum; amount; number; *en ——* finally

*superior* superior

*súplica* f. supplication

*suponer* suppose

*suposición* f. supposition

*supuesto* (pp. of *suponer*) supposed; *—— que* considering, granted that; *por ——* of course

*suscitar* rouse

*suspirar* sigh

*suspiro* m. sigh

*sustentar* sustain

*susto* m. fright, scare

*suyo* his; of his; hers; of hers; its; yours; theirs; etc.

*tal* such; *—— cual es* as he is; as she is; as it is; *el ——, la ——,* the said (cf. *la —— carta* the letter in question); *—— cual vez* once in a while; *con —— que* provided that; *no ——* no such thing; *qué ——* how goes it; *—— para cual* tit for tat; two of a kind

*talante* m. expression; state of mind; *de mal ——* in a bad humor

*talento* m. talent

*tamaño* so large; so great; such

*tamarindo* m. tamarind (tree or its fruit)

*también* too, also

*Tampico* Tampico (seaport on eastern coast of Mexico)

*tampoco* neither; nor that either; nor they either; etc.

*tan* (short form of *tanto*) as; just; so, such; *—— amigas* such great friends

*tanto* as much; so much; pl. as many; so many; *tanta novela* so many novels; *otro ——* the same thing; *en —— que* while

*tapa* f. lid

*tarabilla (taravilla)* f. chatterbox; chatter

*tardar* delay; be long in coming

*tarde* late

*tatarabuelo* m. great-great-grandfather

*te* m. tea

*teatro* m. theater; stage; drama

*telaraña* f. cobweb; *tener ——s en los ojos* not see clearly

*telégrafo* m. telegraph; *hacer ——s* talk by signs

*temblar* tremble

*temblor* m. trembling

*temer* fear

*temeroso* afraid

*temprano* adj. and adv. early; soon

*tendencia* f. tendency

*tener* have; *—— que* with inf. have to; *—— presente* have in mind; remember; *—— vergüenza* be ashamed; *—— a menos* consider beneath one; *—— cuidado* worry; *qué tiene* what is the matter

*tercero* third

*Teresa* Theresa; *Santa —— de Jesús* (1515-1582) Spanish nun who was one of the greatest of the mystical writers

*terminación* f. ending

*terminar(se)* end

*término* m. term; *medio ——* compromise

*terrible* terrible

*territorio* m. territory

*tertulia* f. informal gathering of friends and relations

*tesoro* m. treasure

*testigo* m. witness

*tía f. aunt

*Tiburcio* man's name

*tiempo* m. time; *a ——* on time

*tientas: a ——* at random; fumblingly, gropingly

*tierno* tender

*tierra* f. earth; land; *—— de por medio* space between

*tieso* stiff, stubborn

*tiesto* m. flower pot

*tímido* timid

*tintero* m. inkwell

*tío* m. uncle

*tirar* throw, throw away; fire; *—se un pistoletazo* shoot one's self

*titubear* hesitate

*título* m. title

*tocar* touch

*todavía* still; yet

*todo* all; *con ——* however

*toilette* French word for dress, attire

*toma* f. taking

*tomar* take; *toma* exclam. come; the idea; there; here is

*tomate* m. tomato

*tonto* m. fool; adj. foolish

*topar* run across; meet by chance

*torbellino* m. whirlwind

*torcer* twist

*Toribio* man's name (in this play that of a man-servant)

*tornaboda* f. day after a wedding

*tornillo* m. screw

*torno: en —— de* around

*tortilla* f. omelet

*tortolillo* m. little turtle-dove

*toser* cough

*trabajar* work

*trabajo* m. work; hardship

*trabucazo* m. shot fired from a *trabuco* or blunderbuss

*traducir* translate

*traer* bring

*tragar* swallow

*tragedia* f. tragedy

*trágico* tragic

*traidor* m. traitor

*tramo* m. flight of stairs

*tranquilidad* f. tranquillity

*tranquilizar* calm

*tras* after; behind

*trasero* back (cf. *puerta falsa*)

*traslucirse* be inferred

*trasto* m. piece of furniture (depreciative)

*tratado* m. treaty

*tratar, tratar de,* treat, deal with; arrange by agreement; try; *—— con* associate with; *—se* be a question of

*treinta* thirty

*tremedal* m. quagmire

*tremendo* tremendous

*tres* three

*tresillo* m. card game

*tributar* pay (as homage)

*triste* sad

*tristeza* f. sadness; fit of sadness

*tromba* f. vortex

*tronar* thunder; *por lo que podía ——* for what might happen

*tronco* m. trunk, log

*trono* m. throne

*tropezar* stumble; *—— con* stumble upon; meet accidentally

*trueno* m. thunder

*trueque* m. exchange; *a —— de* in exchange for

*tú* thou, you

*tunante* m. scoundrel

*tuyo* thine, yours

*último* last

*único* only

*uniforme* m. uniform

*uno* one; a; an; pl. some; a few; a pair of, a couple of

*uña* f. finger-nail; toe-nail; *—— y carne* on very friendly terms

*urgir* urge

*usía* m. and f. (contraction of *vuestra señoría*) your lordship; your ladyship

*usted* m. and f. (contraction of *vuestra merced*) you

*vacío* empty

*Valencey (Valençay)* site of a magnificent château near Châteauroux in southern France (Ferdinand VII, after participating in the disgraceful family bickerings before Napoleon at Bayonne, was virtually a prisoner at Valençay from 1808 to 1815)

*valer* avail; be worth; *—— más* be better; *—— más así* be better so; *válgame Dios* exclam. may God help me; you don't say so

*valeroso* brave

*valiente* brave; fine

*valor* m. valor

*valle* m. valley

*vamos* (from *ir*) exclam. come; I say

*vanidad* f. vanity

*vano* vain

*vapuleo* m. flogging

*vario* various; different; pl. several

*vaso* m. glass, tumbler

*vaya* (from *ir*) exclam. come; my goodness

*vecina* f. neighbor

*vecinilla* f. (dim. of *vecina*) little neighbor

*vecinita* f. (dim. of *vecina*) little neighbor

*vecino* m. neighbor; adj. neighboring

*vejez* f. old age; peevishness or whim of an old person

*vela* f. candle

*Velasco* family name

*vencedor* m. conqueror

*vencer* conquer

*vender* sell

*veneno* m. poison

*venir(se)* come; *—le a uno* suit; *venga mi onza* let me have my ounce

*ventaja* f. advantage

*ventajoso* advantageous

*ventana* f. window

*ventura* f. luck, chance

*ver* see; *tener que ——* have to do (with); *ya se ve* it is plain

*Veracruz* Vera Cruz

*veras* f. pl. truth; *de ——* really

*verdad* f. truth; *a la ——* to tell you the truth

*verdaderamente* truly

*verdadero* genuine, true

*verde* green; young; fig. inexperienced; naughty

*vergüenza* f. shame

*verídico* true; true to life

*verificarse* take place

*verosímil* probable

*verosimilitud* f. likelihood

*versatilidad* f. fickleness

*vestido* m. dress

*vestir dress

*vez* f. time; *otra ——* again; *de una ——* all at once; *a su ——* in their turn; *en —— de* instead of; *las más veces* most of the time

*viajar* travel

*vicio* m. bad habit

*víctima* f. victim

*vida* f. life; living; *por —— mía* upon my word; *por mi ——* (exclam. of entreaty or supplication) for pity's sake; as you love me; *en mi ——* never

*vidriero* m. glazier

*viejecito* m. (dim. of *viejo*) little old man

*viejo* old; m. old man; *ir a ——* be getting old; *el Viejo y la Niña* title of a play by Moratín

*viento* m. wind; *ir —— en popa* go smoothly

*viernes* m. Friday

*vigilancia* f. vigilance

*vil* vile

*vinagre* m. vinegar; grouchy person

*vino* m. wine

*violentar* do violence to; force

*virgen* f. virgin; *Virgen María* Virgin Mary, Mother of Christ

*Virginia* Virginia

*virtud* f. virtue

*virus* m. virus

*visita* f. visit; visitor

*viso* m. colored slip worn under a dress of transparent material; *—— caña* green slip (the color of the growing cane)

*víspera* f. day before (a fixed date or event)

*vista* f. sight; glance

*visto* (pp. of *ver*) seen; *por lo ——* apparently

*viuda* adj. used as noun widow

*viudo* adj. used as noun widower

*vivacidad* f. vivacity

*vivir* live

*vizconde* m. viscount

*vocación* f. vocation

*volcánico* volcanic

*voluntad* f. will; good will

*volver(se)* turn; return; *—— a* with inf. again

*voto* m. vow; prayer; *—— va* exclam. expressing astonishment or anger

*vuelta* f. turn; return

*vuestro* your

*vulgar* common, ordinary

*Wáshington* Washington

*y* and

*ya* already; now; yet; yes (sometimes a more decided affirmative than *sí*); *—— no* no longer

*yerno* m. son-in-law

*yerro* m. error

*yo* I

*zafarse* get rid

*Zaragoza* Zaragoza, city in Spain (English spelling Saragossa)

*zarandillo* m. (dim. of *zaranda* sieve) one who steps lively here and there; *traerle a uno como un ——* make one come and go frequently; keep one on the jump

*zaraza* f. chintz

*zas* exclam. (cf. English zip)