APPENDICES

Appendix A.—Geneaology of the House of Chinghiz, to end of Thirteenth Century.

Supreme KAANS in large capitals. Khans of Kipchak, Chagatai, and Persia in small capitals. Numerals indicate order of succession.
* For other sons of Kúblái, see Book II., chapter ix.

Those who are mentioned by Marco Polo have a line under their names.
Seniority runs from right to left.

Appendix B.—The Polo Families.

(I.) Genealogy of the Family of Marco Polo the Traveller.

Seniority runs from left to right.

Appendix B.—continued.

(II.) The Polos of San Geremia.

The preceding Table gives the Family of our Traveller as far as I have seen sound data for tracing it, either upwards or downwards.

I have expressed, in the introductory notices, my doubts about the Venetian genealogies, which continue the family down to 1418 or 19, because it seems to me certain that all of them do more or less confound with our Polos of S. Giovanni Grisostomo, members of the other Polo Family of S. Geremia. It will help to disentangle the subject if we put down what is ascertained regarding the S. Geremia family.

To the latter with tolerable certainty belonged the following:—

1302. Marco Polo of Cannareggio, see vol. i. pp. 64–67. (The Church of S. Geremia stands on the canal called Cannareggio.)

Already in 1224, we find a Marco Polo of S. Geremia and Cannareggio. (See Liber Plegiorum, published with Archivio Veneto, 1872 pp. 32, 36).

1319. (Bianca, widow of Giovanni Polo?)[1]

1332. 24th March. Concession, apparently of some privilege in connection with the State Lake in San Basilio, to Donato and Hermorao (= Hermolaus or Almorò) Paulo (Document partially illegible).[2]

1333. 23rd October. Will of Marchesina Corner, wife of Marino Gradenigo of S. Apollinare, who chooses for her executors “my mother Dona Fiordelisa Cornaro, and my uncle (Barba) Ser Marco Polo.”[3] Another extract apparently of the same will mentions “mia cusina Maria Polo,” and “mio cusin Marco Polo” three times.[4]

1349. Marino Polo and Brothers.[5]

1348. About this time died Nicolo Polo of S. Geremia,[6] who seems to have been a Member of the Great Council.[7] He had a brother Marco, and this Marco had a daughter Agnesina. Nicolo also leaves a sister Barbara (a nun), a son Giovannino (apparently illegitimate[7]), of age in 1351,[6] a nephew Gherardo, and a niece Filippa,[6] Abbess of Sta. Catarina in Mazzorbo.

The executors of Nicolo are Giovanni and Donato Polo.[6] We have not their relationship stated.

Donato must have been the richest Polo we hear of, for in the Estimo or forced Loan of 1379 for the Genoese War, he is assessed at 23,000 Lire.[8] A history of that war also states that he (“Donado Polo del Canareggio”) presented the Government with 1000 ducats, besides maintaining in arms himself, his son, and seven others.[9] Under 1388 we find Donato still living, and mention of Cataruzza, d. of Donato:[10] and under 1390 of Elena, widow of Donato.[10]

The Testamentary Papers of Nicolo also speak of Giacomo [or Jacopo] Polo. He is down in the Estimo of 1379 for 1000 Lire;[11] and in 1371 an inscription in Cicogna shows him establishing a family burial-place in Sta. Maria de’ Servi:[12]

[M°CCC°LXXI. Die primo mensis ... S. Dn̄i IACHOBI. PAVLI. DE CFINIO. SANCTI. IEREMIE. ET. SVOR. HEREDVM.]

(1353. 2nd June. Viriola, widow of Andrea or Andrinolo Polo of Sta. Maria Nuova?)[13]

1379. In addition to those already mentioned we have Nicolo assessed at 4000 lire.[11]

1381. And apparently this is the Nicolo, son of Almorò (Hermolaus), who was raised to the Great Council, for public service rendered, among 30 elected to that honour after the war of Chioggia.[14] Under 1410 we find Anna, relict of Nicolo Polo.[15]

1379. In this year also, Almorò, whether father or brother of the last, contributes 4000 lire to the Estimo.[11]

1390. Clemente Polo (died before 1397)[15] and his wife Maddaluzia.[15] Also in this year Paolo Polo, son of Nicolo, gave his daughter in marriage to Giov. Vitturi.[16]

1408 and 1411. Chiara, daughter of Francesco Balbi, and widow of Ermolao (or Almorò) Polo, called of Sta. Trinità.[15]

1416. Giovanni, perhaps the Giovannino mentioned above.[15]

1420. 22nd November. Bartolo, son of Ser Almorò and of the Nobil Donna Chiara Orio.(?)[17] This couple probably the same as in the penultimate entry.

1474, seqq. Accounts belonging to the Trust Estate of Bartolomeo Polo of S. Geremia.[15]

There remains to be mentioned a Marco Polo, member of the Greater Council, chosen Auditor Sententiarum, 7th March, 1350, and named among the electors of the Doges Marino Faliero (1354) and Giovanni Gradenigo (1355). The same person appears to have been sent as Provveditore to Dalmatia in 1355. As yet it is doubtful to what family he belonged, and it is possible that he may have belonged to our traveller’s branch, and have continued that branch according to the tradition. But I suspect that he is identical with the Marco, brother of Nicolo Polo of S. Geremia, mentioned above, under 1348. (See also vol. i. p. 74.) Cappellari states distinctly that this Marco was the father of the Lady who married Azzo Trevisan. (See Introd. p. 78.)

We have intimated the probability that he was the Marco mentioned twice in connection with the Court of Sicily. (See vol. i. p. 79, note.)

A later Marco Polo, in 1537, distinguished himself against the Turks in command of a ship called the Giustiniana; forcing his way past the enemy’s batteries into the Gulf of Prevesa, and cannonading that fortress. But he had to retire, being unsupported.

It may be added that a Francesco Paulo appears among the list of those condemned for participation in the conspiracy of Baiamonte Tiepolo in 1310. (Dandulo in Mur. XII. 410, 490.)

[I note from the MS. of Priuli, Genealogie delle famiglie nobili di Venesia, kept in the R^o. Archivio di Stato at Venice, some information, pp. 4376–4378, which permit me to draw up the following Genealogy which may throw some light on the Polos of San Geremia:—

Sir Henry Yule writes above (II. p. 507) that Nicolo Polo of S. Geremia had a brother Marco, and this Marco had a daughter Agnesina. I find in the Acts of the Notary Brutti, in the Will of Elisabetta Polo, dated 14th March, 1350:—

The Maffio, son of Nicolò of S. Giov. Grisostomo, and father of Pasqua and Fiordelisa, married probably after his will (1300) and had his four sons: Almorò of S. Geremia, Maffio, Marco, Nicolò. Indeed, Cicogna writes (Insc. Ven. II. p. 390):—“Non apparisce che Maffeo abbia avuto figliuoli maschi da questo testamento [1300]; ma per altro non è cosa assurda il credere che posteriormente a questo testamento 1300 possa avere avuti figliuoli maschi; ed in effetto le Genealogie gliene danno quatro, cioè Ermolao, Maffio, Marco, Nicolò. Il Ramusio anzi glien dà cinque, senza nominarli, uno de’ quali Marco, e una femmina di nome Maria; e Marco Barbaro gliene dà sei, cioè Nicolò, Maria, Pietro, Donado, Marco, Franceschino.”—H. C.]

[Sig. Ab. Cav. Zanetti gives (Archivio Veneto, XVI. 1878, p. 110). See our Int., p. 78.

[1] Document in Archivio of the Casa di Ricovero, Bundle LXXVII., No. 209.

[2] Registro di Grazie, 4^o c. Comm. by Comm. Berchet.

[3] Arch. Gen. dei Giudici del Proprio, Perg. No. 82, 1st July, 1342, cites this. (Comm. Berchet.)

[4] Arch. dei Procuratori di San Marco, with Testam. 1327, January, marked “N. H. Ser Marco Gradenigo.” (Comm. Berchet.)

[5] Document in Archivio of the Casa di Ricovero, Bundle LXXIV., No. 651.

[6] List (extracted in 1868–9) of Documents in the above Archivio, but which seem to have been since mislaid.

[7] Parchment in the possession of Cav. F. Stefani, containing a decision, dated 16th September, 1355, signed by the Doge and two Councillors, in favour of Giovannino Polo, natural son of the Noble Nicoletto of S. Geremia (qu. Nobilis Viri Nicoleti Paulo).

[8] In Gallicciolli, Delle Mem. Ven. Antiche, Ven. 1795, II. p. 136. In the MS. of Cappellari Campidoglio Veneto, in the Marciana, the sum stated is 3000 only.

[9] Della Presa di Chiozza in Muratori, Script. xv. 785.

[10] Documents seen by the Editor in the Arch. of the Casa di Ricovero.

[11] In Gallicciolli Delle Mem. Ven. Antiche, Ven. 1795, II. p. 136.

[12] Cicogna, I. p. 77.

[13] Arch. Gen. dei Giud. Perg. No. 120.

[14] Cappellari, MS.; Sanuto, Vite de’ Duchi di Ven. in Muratori, XXII. 730.

[15] Documents seen by the Editor in the Arch. of the Casa di Ricovero.

[16] Cappellari.

[17] Libro d’Oro from 1414 to 1497 in Museo Correr. Comm. by Comm. Berchet.

Appendix C.—Calendar of Documents Relating to Marco Polo and his Family.

1.—(1280).

Will of Marco Polo of S. Severo, uncle of the Traveller, executed at Venice, 5th August, 1280. An Abstract given in vol. i. pp. 23–24.

The originals of this and the two other Wills (Nos. 2 and 8) are in St. Mark’s Library. They were published first by Cicogna, Iscrizioni Veneziane, and again more exactly by Lazari.

2.—(1300).

Will of Maffeo Polo, brother of the Traveller, executed at Venice, 31st August, 1300. Abstract given at pp. 64–65 of vol. i.

3.—(1302).

Archivio Generale—Maggior Consiglio—Liber Magnus, p. 81.[1]

1392. 13 Aprilis. (Capta est): Quod fit gratia provido viro Marco Paulo quod ipse absolvatur a penâ incursâ pro eo quod non fecit circari unam suam conductam cum ignoraverit ordinem circa hoc.

Ego Marcus Michael consiliarius m. p. s.

Ego Paulus Delphinus consiliarius m. p. s.

Ego Marcus Siboto de mandato ipsorum cancellavi.

4—(1305).

Resolution of the Maggior Consiglio, under date 10th April, 1305, in which Marco Polo is styled Marcus Paulo Milioni. (See p. 67 of vol. i.) In the Archivio Generale, Maggior Cons. Reg. M.S., Carta 82.[2]

“Item quod fiat gratia Bonocio de Mestre de illis Libris centum quinquaginta duobus, in quibus extitit condempnatus per Capitaneos Postarum, occasione vini per eum portati contra bampnum, isto modo videlicet quod solvere debeat dictum debitum hinc ad annos quatuor, solvendo annuatim quartum dicti debiti per hunc modum, scilicet quod dictus Bonocius ire debeat cum nostris Ambaxiatoribus, et soldum quod ei competet pro ipsis viis debeat scontari, et it quod ad solvendum dictum quartum deficiat per eum vel suos plegios integre persolvatur. Et sunt plegii Nobiles Viri Petrus Mauroceno et Marchus Paulo Milion̄ et plures alii qui sunt scripti ad Cameram Capitaneorum Postarum.”

5.—(1311).

Decision in Marco Polo’s suit against Paulo Girardo, 9th March 1311, for recovery of the price of musk sold on commission, etc. (From the Archives of the Casa di Ricovero at Venice, Filza No. 202. See vol. i. p. 70.)

“In nomine Dei Eterni Amen. Anno ab Incarnatione Domini Nostri Jesu Christi millesimo trecentesimo undecimo, Mensis Marci die nono, intrante Indicione Nona, Rivoalti ...

“Cum coram nobilibus viris Dominis Catharino Dalmario et Marco Lando, Judicibus Peticionum, Domino Leonardo de Molino, tercio Judice curie, tunc absente, inter Nobilem Virum Marcum Polo de confinio Sancti Johannis Grisostomi ex unâ parte, et Paulum Girardo de confinio Sancti Apollinaris ex altera parte, quo ex suo officio verteretur occasione librarum trium denariorum grossorum Venetorum in parte unâ, quas sibi Paulo Girardo petebat idem Marcus Polo pro dimidia libra muscli quam ab ipso Marco Polo ipse Paulus Girardo habuerat, et vendiderat precio suprascriptarum Librarum trium den. Ven. gros. et occasione den. Venet. gross. viginti, quos eciam ipse Marcus Polo eidem Polo Girardo pectebat pro manchamento unius sazii de musclo, quem dicebat sibi defficere de librâ unâ muscli, quam simul cum suprascriptâ dimidiâ ipse Paulus Girardo ab ipso Marco Polo habuerat et receperat, in parte alterâ de dicta, Barbaro advocatori (sic) curie pro suprascripto Marco Polo sive Johannis (sic) Polo[3] de Confinio Sancti Johannis Grisostomi constitutus in Curiâ pro ipso Marco Polo sicut coram suprascriptis Dominis Judicibus legitimum testificatum extiterat ... legi fecit quamdam cedulam bambazinam scriptam manu propriâ ipsius Pauli Girardi, cujus tenor talis, videlicet: ... “de avril recevi io Polo Girardo da Missier Marco Polo libre ½ de musclo metemelo libre tre de grossi. Ancora recevi io Polo libre una de musclo che me lo mete libre sei de grossi, et va a so risico et da sua vintura et damelo in choleganza a la mitade de lo precio.” * * * * “Quare cum ipse Paulus noluerit satisfacere de predictis, nec velit ad presens * * * * * * Condempnatum ipsum Paulum Girardo in expensis pro parte dicti Marci Paulo factis in questione, dando et assignando sibi terminum competentem pro predictis omnibus et singulis persolvendis, in quem terminum si non solveret judicant ipsi domini judices quod capi debetur ipse Paulus Gerardo et carceribus Comunis Venetiarum precludi, de quibus exire non posset donec sibi Marco Paulo omnia singula suprascripta exolvenda dixisset, non obstante absenciâ ipsius Pauli Gerardo cum sibi ex parte Domini Ducis proministeriale Curie Palacii preceptum fuisset ut hodie esset ad Curiam Peticionum.

“Ego Katharinus Dalmario Judex Peticionum manu meâ subscripsi

“Ego Marcus Lando Judex Peticionum manu meâ subscripsi

“Ego Nicolaus, Presbiter Sancti Canciani notarius complevi et roboravi.”

6.—(1319).

In a list of documents preserved in the Archives of the Casa di Ricovero, occurs the entry which follows. But several recent searches have been made for the document itself in vain.

* “No 94 Marco Galetti investe della proprietâ dei beni che si trovano in S. Giovanni Grisostomo Marco Polo di Nicolo. 1319, 10 Settembre, rogato dal notaio Nicolo Prete di S. Canciano.”

The notary here is the same who made the official record of the document last cited.

[This document was kept in the Archives of the Istituto degli Esposti, now transferred to the Archivio di Stato, and was found by the Ab. Cav. V. Zanetti, and published by him in the Archivio Veneto, XVI., 1878, pp. 98–100; parchment, 1157, filza I.; Marco Polo the traveller, according to a letter of the 16th March, 1306, had made in 1304, a loan of 20 lire di grossi to his cousin Nicolo, son of Marco the elder; the sum remaining unpaid at the death of Nicolo, his son and heir Marcolino became the debtor, and by order of the Doge Giovanni Soranzo, Marco Galetti, according to a sentence of the Giudici del Mobile, of the 2nd July, transferred to the traveller Marco on the 10th September, 1319, duas proprietates que sunt hospicia et camere posite in ... confinio sancti Ihoanis grisostomi que fuerunt Nicolai Paulo. This Document is important, as it shows the exact position of Marcolino in the family.—H. C.]

7.—(1323).

Document concerning House Property in S. Giovanni Grisostomo, adjoining the Property of the Polo Family, and sold by the Lady Donata to her husband Marco Polo. Dated May, 1323.

See No. 16 below.

8.—(1324).

Will of Marco Polo. (In St. Mark’s Library.)[4]

In Nomine Dei Eterni Amen. Anno ab Incarnatione Dni. Nri. Jhu. Xri. millesimo trecentesimo vige-

simo tertio, mensis Januarii die nono,[5] intrante Indictione septima, Rivoalti.

Divine inspiracionis donum est et provide mentis arbitrium ut antequam superve-

niat mortis iudicium quilibet sua bona sit ordinare sollicitus ne ipsa

sua bona inordinata remaneant. Quapropter ego quidem Marcus Paulo

de confinio Sancti Johannis Chrysostomi, dum cotidie debilitarer propter infirmitatem cor-

poris, sanus tamen per Dei gratiam mente, integroque consilio et sensu, timens ne ab in-

testato decederem, et mea bona inordinata remanerent, vocari ad me

feci Johanem Justinianum presbiterum Sancti Proculi et Notarium, ipsumque rogavi quatenus hoc meum

scriberet testamentum per integrum et compleret. In quo meas fidecommissarias etiam con-

stituo Donatam dilectam uxorem meam, et Fantinam et Bellelam atque Moretam

peramabiles filias meas, ut secundum quod hic ordinavero darique jussero,

ita ipse post obitum meum adimpleant. Primiter enim omnium volo et ordi-

no dari rectam decimam et volo et ordino distribui libras denariorum

venetorum duo millia ultra decimam, de quibus dimitto soldos viginti denariorum

Venet. grossorum Monasterio Sancti Laurentii ubi meam eligo sepulturam. Item di-

mitto libras trecentas den. Venet. Ysabete Quirino cognate mee quas

mihi dare tenetur. Item soldos quadraginta cuilibet monasteriorum et hospi-

taliorum a Gradu usque ad Capud Aggeris. Item dimitto conventui sanctorum Johanis

et Pauli Predicatorum illud quod mihi dare tenetur, et libras decem Fratri Renerio

et libras quinque Fratri Benvenuto Veneto Ordinis Predicatorum, ultra illud

quod mihi dare tenetur. Item dimitto libras quinque cuilibet Congregationi Rivoalti

et libras quattuor cuilibet Scolarum sive fraternitatum in quibus sum. Item dimitto

soldos viginti denariorum Venetorum grossorum Presbitero Johanni Justiniano notario pro labore

istius mei testamenti et ut Dominum pro me teneatur deprecare. Item absolvo

Petrum famulum meum de genere Tartarorum ab omni vinculo servitutis ut

Deus absolvat animam meam ab omni culpâ et peccato. Item sibi remitto omnia

que adquisivit in domo suâ labore, et insuper dimitto libras

denariorum Venetorum centum. Residuum vero dictarum duarum millia librarum absque decimâ

distribuatur pro animâ meâ secundum bonam discreptionem commissariarum mearum.

De aliis meis bonis dimitto suprascripte Donate uxori et commissarie mee

libras octo denariorum Venetorum grossorum, omni anno dum ipsa vixerit, pro suo usu, ultra

suam repromissam et stracium et omne capud massariciorum cum tribus lectis

corredatis. Omnia uero alia bona mobilia et immobilia inordinata, et si

de predictis ordinatis aliqua inordinata remanerent, quocumque modo jure et

formâ mihi spectantia, seu que expectare vel pertinere potuerunt vel possent, tam ju-

re successorio et testamentario ac hereditario aut paterno fraterno materno et

ex quâcumque aliâ propinquitate sive ex lineâ ascendenti et descendenti vel ex colaterali

vel aliâ quâcumque de causâ mihi pertinencia seu expectancia et de quibus secundum for-

mam statuti Veneciarum mihi expectaret, plenam et specialem facere mentionem seu dis-

posicionem et ordinacionem quamquam in hoc et in omni casu ex formâ statuti

specificater facio specialiter et expresse dimitto suprascriptis filiabus meis Fantine,

Bellele, et Morete, libere et absolute inter eas equaliter dividenda, ipsasque

mihi heredes instituo in omnibus et singulis meis bonis mobilibus et immobilibus

juribus et actionibus, tacitis et expressis qualitercumque ut predicitur michi pertinentibus et expec-

tantibus. Salvo quod Moreta predicta filia mea habere debeat ante partem de mo-

re tantum quantum habuit quelibet aliarum filiarum mearum pro dote et corredis

suis. Tamen volo quod si que in hoc meo testamento essent contra statuta et consilia

Communis Veneciarum corrigantur et reducantur ad ipsa statuta et consilia. Preterea do

et confero suprascriptis commissariabus meis post obitum meum plenam virtutem et po-

testatem dictam meam commissariam intromittendi administrandi et furniendi, inquirendi inter-

pellandi placitandi respondendi ad vocationem interdicta et placita tollendi, legem petendi

et consequendi si opus fuerit, in anima mea jurandi, sententiam audiendi et prosequendi,

vendendi et alienandi, intromittendi et interdicendi petendi et exigendi sive excuciendi

omnia mea bona, et habere a cunctis personis ubicumque et apud quemcumque ea

vel ex eis poterint invenire, cum cartâ et sine cartâ, in curiâ et extra curiâ, et

omnes securitatis cartas et omnes alias cartas necessarias faciendi, sicut egomet presens

vivens facere possem et deberem. Et ita hoc meum Testamentum firmum et sta-

bille esse iudico in perpetuum. Si quis ipsum frangere vel violare presumpserit male-

dicionem Omnipotentis Dei incurrat, et sub anathemate trecentorum decem et octo

Patrum constrictus permaneat, et insuper componat ad suprascriptas meas fidecommissarias

aureas libras quinque, et hec mei Testamenti Carta in suâ permaneat firmitate.

Signum suprascripti Domini Marci Paulo qui hec rogavit fieri.

“Ego Petrus Grifo testis presbiter.

Ego Nufrius Barberius testis.

Ego Johanes Justinianus presbiter Sancti Proculi et notarius complevi et roboravi.”

9.—(1325).

Release, dated 7th June, 1325, by the Lady Donata and her three daughters, Fantina, Bellella, and Marota, as Executors of the deceased Marco Polo, to Marco Bragadino. (From the Archivio Notarile at Venice.)

“In nomine Dei Eterni Amen. Anno ab Inc. Dni. Ntri. Jhu. Xri. Millesimo trecentesimo vigesimo quinto, mensis Junii die septimo, exeunte Indictione octavâ, Rivoalti.

“Plenam et irrevocabilem securitatem facimus nos Donata relicta, Fantina, Bellella et Marota quondam filie, et nunc omnes commissarie Marci Polo de confinio Sancti Joannis Grisostomi cum nostris successoribus, tibi Marco Bragadino quondam de confinio Sancti Geminiani nunc de confinio Sancti Joannis Grisostomi, quondam genero antedicti Marci Polo et tuis heredibus, de omnibus bonis mobillibus quondam suprascripti Marci Polo seu ipsius commissarie per te dictum Marchum Bragadino quoque modo et formâ intromissis habitis et receptis, ante obitum, ad obitum, et post obitum ipsius Marci Polo, et insuper de tota colleganciâ quam a dicti quondam Marco Polo habuisti, et de ejus lucro usque ad presentem diem * * * * * * si igitur contra hanc securitatis cartam ire temptaverimus tunc emendare debeamus cum nostris successoribus tibi et tuis heredibus auri libras quinque, et hec securitatis carta in sua permaneat firmitate. Signum suprascriptarum Donate relicte, Fantine, Bellelle et Marote, omnium filiarum et nunc commissarie, que hec rogaverunt fieri.

“Ego Petrus Massario clericus Ecclesie Scti. Geminiani testis subscripsi.

“Ego Simeon Gorgii de Jadra testis subscripsi.

“Ego Dominicus Mozzo presbiter plebanus Scti. Geminiani et notarius complevi et roboravi.

“Marcus Barisano presbiter Canonicus et notarius ut vidi in matre testis sum in filliâ.

“Ego Joannes Teupullo Judex Esaminatorum ut vidi in matre testis sum in filliâ.

“(L. S. N.) Ego magister Albertinus de Mayis Notarius Veneciarum hoc exemplum exemplari anno ab incarnatione domini nostri Jesu Christi Millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo quinto mensis Julii die septimo, intrante indictione octava, Rivoalti, nil addens nec minuens quod sentenciam mutet vel sensum tollat, complevi et roboravi.”[6]

10.—(1326).

Resolution of Counsel of XL. condemning Zanino Grioni for insulting Donna Moreta Polo in Campo San Vitale.

(Avvogaria di Comun. Reg. I. Raspe, 1324–1341, Carta 23 del 1325.)*

“mcccxxv. Die xxvi. Februarii.

“Cum Zaninus Grioni quondam Ser Lionardi Grioni contrate Sancte Heustachii diceretur intulisse iniuriam Domine Morete qm. Dni. Marci Polo, de presente mense in Campo Sancti Vitalis et de verbis iniuriosis et factis.... Capta fuit pars hodie in dicto consilio de XL. quod dictus Zaninus condemnatus sit ad standum duobus mensibus in carceribus comunis, scilicet in quarantia.

“Die eodem ante prandium dictus Zaninus Grioni fuit consignatus capitaneo et custodibus quarantie,” etc.

11.—(1328).

(Maj. Cons. Delib. Brutus, c. 77.)*

“mccxxvii. Die 27 Januarii.

“Capta. Quod quoddam instrumentum vigoris et roboris processi et facti a quondam Ser Marco Paulo contra Ser Henricum Quirino et Pauli dictum dictum Sclavo [sic] Johanni et Phylippo et Anfosio Quirino, scriptum per presbyterum Johannem Taiapetra, quod est adheo corosum quod legi non potest, relevetur et fiat,” etc.

12.—(1328).

Judgment on a Plaint lodged by Marco Polo, called Marcolino, regarding a legacy from Maffeo Polo the Elder. (See I. p. 77.)

(Avvogaria di Comun. Raspe Reg. i. 1324–1341, c. 14 tergo, del 1329.)*

“1328. Die xv. Mensis Marcii.

“Cum coram dominis Advocatoribus Comunis per D. Marcum, dictum Marcolinum Paulo sancti Johannis Grisostomi fuisset querela depositata de translatione et alienatione imprestitorum olim Domini Maphei Paulo majoris Scti. Joh. Gris., facta domino Marco Paulo de dicto confinio in mcccxviii mense Maii, die xi, et postea facta heredibus ejusdem dni. Marci Paulo post ejus mortem, ... cum videretur eisdem dominis Advocatoribus quod dicte translationes et alienationes imprestitorum fuerint injuste ac indebite facte, videlicet in tantum quantum sunt libre mille dimisse Marco dicto Marcolino Paulo predicto in testamento dicti olim dni. Mathei Paulo maioris, facti in anno domini mcccviii mense Februarii die vi intrante indictione viii^a.... Capta fuit pars in ipso consilio de XL^ta quod dicta translactio et alienatio imprestitorum ... revocentur, cassentur, et annulentur, in tantum videlicet quantum sunt dicte mille libre,” etc.

13.—(1328).

Grant of citizenship to Marco Polo’s old slave Peter the Tartar. (See vol. i. p. 72.)

(Maj. Conc. Delib. Brutus, Cart. 78 t.)*

“mcccxxviii, die vii Aprilis.

“(Capta) Quod fiat gratia Petro S. Marie Formose, olim sclavorum Ser Marci Pauli Sancti Joh. Gris., qui longo tempore fuit Venetiis, pro suo bono portamento, de cetero sit Venetus, et pro Venetus [sic] haberi et tractari debeat.”

14.—(1328).

Process against the Lady Donata Polo for a breach of trust. See vol. i. p. 77 (as No. 12, c. 8, del 1328).*

“mcccxxviii. Die ultimo Maii.

“Cum olim de mandato ... curie Petitionum, ad petitionem Ser Bertutii Quirino factum fuerit apud Dominam Donatam Paulo Sancti Job. Gris., quoddam sequestrum de certis rebus, inter quas erant duo sachi cum Venetis grossis intus, legati et bullati, et postea in una capsellâ sigillatâ repositi, prout in scripturis dicti sequestri plenius continetur. Et cum diceretur fuisse subtractam aliquam pecunie quantitatem, non bono modo, de dictis sachis, post dictum sequestrum, et dictâ de causâ per dictos dominos Advocatores ... fuerit hodie in conscilio de XL. placitata dicta Dna. Donata Paulo, penes quam dicta capsella cum sachis remansit hucusque.

“... cum per certas testimonias ... habeatur quod tempore sequestri facti extimata fuit pecunia de dictis sacchis esse libras lxxx grossorum vel circha,[7] et quando postea numerata fuit inventam esse solummodo libras xlv grossorum et grossos xxii, quod dicta Dna. Donata teneatur et debeat restituere et consignare in saculo seu saculis, loco pecunie que ut predicitur deficit et extrata, et ablata est libras xxv [sic] grossorum. Et ultra hoc pro penâ ut ceteris transeat in exemplum condempnetur in libris ducentis et solvat eas.”

15.—(1330).

Remission of fine incurred by an old servant of Marco Polo’s.

(Reg. Grazie 3^o, c. 40.)*

“mcccxxx. iiii Septembris.

“Quod fiat gratia Manulli familiari Ser Marci Polo sancti Joh. Gris. quod absolvatur a penâ librarum L pro centenariis, quam dicunt officiales Levantis incurrisse pro eo quod ignorans ordines et pure non putans facere contra aliqua nostra ordinamenta cum galeis que de Ermeniâ venerunt portavit Venecias tantum piperis et lanæ quod constitit supra soldos xxv grossorum tanquam forenses (?). Et officiales Levantis dicunt quod non possunt aliud dicere nisi quod solvat. Sed consideratis bonitate et legalitate dicti Manulli, qui mercatores cum quibus stetit fideliter servivit, sibi videtur pecatum quod debeat amittere aliud parum quod tam longo tempore cum magnis laboribus adquisivit, sunt contenti quod dicta gratia sibi fiat.”

16.—(1333).

Attestation by the Gastald and Officer of the Palace Court of his having put the Lady Donata and her daughters in possession of two tenements in S. Giovanni Grisostomo. Dated 12th July, 1333.

(From the Archivio of the Istituto degli Esposti, No. 6.)[8]

The document begins with a statement, dated 22nd August, 1390, by Morandus de Carovellis, parson of St. Apollinaris and Chancellor of the Doge’s Aula, that the original document having been lost, he, under authority of the Doge and Councils, had formally renewed it from the copy recorded in his office.

In nomine Dei Eterni Amen. Anno ab Incarn. D. N. J. C. millesimo trecentesimo tregesimo tertio mensis Julii die duodecimo, intrantis indicione primâ Rivoalti. Testificor Ego Donatus Gastaldio Dni. nostri Dni. Francisci Dandulo Dei gratiâ inclyti Venetiarum Ducis, et Ministerialis Curie Palacii, quod die tercio intrante suprascripti mensis Julii, propter preceptum ejusdem Dni. Ducis, secundum formam statuti Veneciarum, posui in tenutam et corporalem possessionem Donatam quondam uxorem, Fantinam et Moretam quondam filias, omnes commissarias Nobilis Viri Marci Paulo de confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi, nomine ipsius Commissarie, cum Belella olim filiâ et similiter nominatâ commissariâ dicti Marci Paulo * * * de duabus proprietatibus terrarum et casis copertis et discopertis positis in dicto confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi, que firmant prout inferius in infrascripte notitie cartâ continetur * * * * ut in eâ legitur:

“Hec est carta fata anno ab Inc. D. N. J. C. millesimo trecentesimo vigesimo tercio, mensis Maij die nono, exeunte Indictione sextâ, Rivoalti, quam fieri facit Dnus. Johannes Superantio D. G. Veneciarum Dalmacie atque Croacie olim Dux, cum suis judicibus examinatorum, suprascripto Marco Paulo postquam venit ante suam suorumque judicum examinatorum presenciam ipse Marcus Paulo de confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi, et ostendit eis duas cartas completas et roboratas, prima quarum est venditionis et securitatis carta, facta anno ab Inc. D. N. J. C. (1321) mensis Junii die decimo, intrante indictione quintâ, Rivoalti; quâ manifestum fecit ipsa Donata uxor Marci Paulo de confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi cum suis successoribus quia in Dei et Christi nomine dedit, vendidit, atque transactavit sibi Marco Paulo viro suo de eodem confinio et suis heredibus duas suas proprietates terre, et casas copertas et discopertas, que sunt hospicia, videlicet camere et camini, simul conjuncta versus Rivum ... secundum quod dicta proprietas sive hospicium firmat ab uno suo capite, tam superius quam inferius, in muro comuni huic proprietati et proprietati Marci Paulo et Stephani Paulo. Et ab alio suo capite firmat in uno alio muro comuni huic proprietati et predictorum Marci et Stephani Paulo. Ab imo suo latere firmat in supradicto Rivo. Et alio suo latere firmat tam superius quam inferius in salis sive porticis que sunt comunes huic proprietati et proprietati suprascriptorum Marci et Stephani Paulo fratrum. Unde hec proprietas sive hospicia habent introitum et exitum per omnes scalas positas a capite dictarum salarum sive porticuum usque ad curiam et ad viam comunem discurrentem ad Ecclesiam Scti. Johannis Grisostomi et alio. Et est sciendum quod curia, puthei, gradate, et latrine sunt comunes huic proprietati et proprietati suprascriptorum Marci et Stephani Paulo fratrum. * * * *

[The definition of the second tenement—una cusina—follows, and then a long detail as to a doubt regarding common rights to certain sale sive porticus magne que respiciunt et sunt versus Ecclesiam Scti. Johannis Grisostomi, and the discussion by a commission appointed to report; and, again, similar detail as to stairs, wells, etc.]—“declaraverunt et determinaverunt omnes suprascripti cancellarii in concordiâ quod tam putheus qui est in dictâ curiâ, quam etiam putheus qui est extra curiam ad quem itur per quamdam januam que est super calle extra januam principalem tocius proprietatis de Cha Polo, sunt communes supradictis duabus proprietatibus Marci Paulo et toti reliquo dicte proprietatis quod est indivisum.” * * * * Et ego suprascriptus Donatus Gastaldio supradicti Dni. Ducis secundum predictas declarationes et determinationes posui suprascriptas commissarias dicti Marci Paulo die suprascripto tercio intrante mensis Julii in tenutam et possessionem de suprascriptis duabus proprietatibus confiniatis in cartâ noticie supradicte. Et hoc per verum dico testimonium. Signum supradicti Donati Gastaldionis Dni. Ducis, et Ministerialis Curie Palacii, qui hec rogavit fieri.[9]

17.—(1336).

Release granted by Agnes Lauredano, sister, and by Fantina Bragadino and Moreta Dolphyno, daughters, and all three Trustees of the late Domina Donata, relict of Dominus Marcus Polo of S. Giov. Grisostomo, to Dominus Raynuzo Dolphyno of the same, on account of 24 lire of grossi[10] which the Lady Donata Polo had advanced to him on pledge of many articles. Dated 4th March, 1336. The witnesses and notary are the same as in the next.

(In the Archivio Generale; Pacta, Serie T, No. 144.)

18.—(1336).

Release by the Ladies Fantina and Moreta to their aunt Agnes Lauredano and themselves, as Trustees of the late Lady Donata, on account of a legacy left them by the latter.[11] Dated 4th March, 1336.

(In the Archivio Generale; Pacta, Serie T, No. 143.)

“Plenam et irrevocabilem securitatem facimus nos Fantina uxor Marci Bragadino de confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi et Moreta uxor Renuzi Delfino de dicto confinio Scti. Johannis Grisostomi, ambe sorores, et filie comdam Donate relicte Domini Marci Pollo de dicto confinio Scti. J. G. cum nostris successoribus, vobis Agneti Lauredano, comdam sorori, ac nobis preditis Fantine et Morete olim filiabus (predicte Donate) omnibus commissariabus predicte Donate relicte dicti Domini Marci Polo de predicto confinio S. J. G. et vestris ac nostris successoribus de libris denariorum Veneciarum Grossorum quadraginta quinque, que libre den. Ven. gros. quadraginta quinque sunt pro parte librarum den. Ven. gros. quadraginta octo quas suprascripta Domina Donata olim mater nostra secundum formam sui testamenti cartam nobis dimisit, in quibus libris ... sententiam obtinuimus ... anno ab Inc. D. N. J. C. Millesimo trecentesimo trigesimo quinto mensis febbruarij die ultimo (29th February, 1336) indictione, quartâ Rivoalti.

“Signum suprascriptarum Fantine et Morete que hec rogaverunt fieri.

“Ego Marcus Lovari Canonicus Sancti Marci testis subscripsi.

“Ego Nicoletus de Bonomo Canonicus Sancti Marci testis subscripsi.

“(L. S. N.) Ego Presbiter Guido Trevisano Canonicus Sancti Marcij et Notarius complevi et roboravi.”

19.—(1388).

[Document dated 15th May, 1388, found at the Archives degli Esposti, now at the Archivio di Stato, by the Ab. Cav. V. Zanetti, containing a sentence of the Giudici della Curia del Procuratore in favour of Pietro Bragadin against Agnesina, sister, and Catarinuzza, widow of Matteo Polo di S. Giovanni Grisostomo, for work done. This document is interesting, as it shows that this Matteo was a son of Marcolino. Published partly in the Archivio Veneto, XVI., 1878, pp. 102–103.—H. C.]

20.—(1388).

[Document dated 15th May, 1388, found in the Archives degli Esposti, now at the Archivio di Stato, by the Ab. Cav. V. Zanetti, and mentioned by him in the Archivio Veneto, XVI., 1878, pp. 104–105, containing a sentence of the Giudici della Curia del Procuratore in favour of Pietro Bragadin against the Commissaries of the late Matteo Polo.—H. C.]

[1] For this and for all the other documents marked with an ‘*’ I am under obligation to Comm. Berchet. There is some doubt if this refers to our Marco Polo. (See vol. i. p. 66.)

[2] For the indication of this I was indebted to Professor Minotto.

[3] This perhaps indicates that Marco’s half-brother Giovannino was in partnership with him.

[4] This is printed line for line with the original; it was printed in the first edition, ii. pp. 440–441, but was omitted in the second. The translation is given in the Introductory Essay, vol. i. pp. 70–73, seqq.; with a facsimile.

[5] I.e., 9th January, 1324.

[6] This was printed in the First Edition (ii. p 442), but was omitted in the Second.

[7] About 300l. sterling.

[8] For this I was indebted to Comm. Barozzi.

[9] See i. p. 31.—Reprinted from the First Edition.

[10] About 90l.

[11] Of 48 lire of grossi, or about 180l.

Appendix D.—Comparative Specimens of Different Recensions of Polo’s Text.

FRENCH.

1. MS. Paris Library, 7367 (now Fr. 1116).

(Geographic Text.)

Quant l’en se part de le isle de Pentam e l’en ala por ysceloc entor cent miles, adonc treuve le ysle de Java la Menor; mès si sachiés q’ele ne est pas si peitite q’ele ne gire environ plus de deus mille miles, et de ceste ysle voz conteron toute la virité. Or sachiés qe sor ceste ysle ha huit roiames et huit rois coronés en ceste ysle, e sunt tuit ydres et ont langajes por elles. Car sachiés che chascun des roiames ont langajes por eles. En ceste ysle a mout grandisme habundance de trezor et de toutes chieres especes e leingn aloe et espi, et de maintes autres especes que unques n’en vienent en nostre pais. Or vos voil conter la maineres de toutes cestes jens, cascune por soi, e vos dirai primermant une cousse qe bien senblera à cascun mervoilliose cousse. Or sachiés tout voirmant qe ceste ysle est tant à midi qe la stoille de tramontaine ne apert ne pou ne grant. Or noz retorneron à la mainere des homes, e voz conteron toute avant dou rouiame de Ferlec.

2. MS. of Paris Library, 10260 (Fr. 5631)

(Pauthier’s MS. A.)

Quant on se part de l’isle de Maliur, et on nage quatre vingt dix milles, adonc treuve en l’isle de Javva la Meneur; mais elle n’est mie si petite qu’elle n’ait de tour ii. milles. Et si vous conteray de cette isle l’affaire.

Sachiez que sus ceste isle a viij. royaumes et viij. rois courronnés. Ilz sont tuit ydolastres; et si a, chascun royaume, son langaige par soy. Il y a en ceste isle grant quantité d’espiceries. Et si vous conteray la maniere de la plus grant partie de ces huit royaumes. Mais je vous diray avant une chose. Et sachiez que ceste isle est si vers midi que l’estoille tremontainne n’y apert.

Or nous retournerons à notre matiere, et vous conterons tout avant du royaume de Falec.

3. Bern MS.

(T. de Cepoy’s Type.)

Quant l’en se part de l’isle de Malaiur, et l’en a nagie par seloc environ iiii^xx et x milles, il dont treuve l’en la petite Isle de Java, mais elle n’est pas si petite qu’elle ne dure bien environ ij^c milles. Et si vous conterons de ceste isle tout l’affaire et verité.

Ore sachiez que sous ceste isle y a viij. royaumes et viii. roys couronnez, car chascun roy si a couronne par soy. Il sont tout ydres et chascun royaume par soy a son langage. Il y a en ceste isle moult grant tresor, et si y a moult despeceries de moult de manieres. [Et si vous conteray la maniere][1] de la plus grant part de ces viii. royaumes chascun par soy, mais avant vous diray une chose qui moult samblera estrange à chascun. Sachiez que l’estoille de Tramontane apert ne pou ne assez.

Ore retournons nous a nostre manière.

ITALIAN.

4. Crusca.

Quando l’uomo si parte dell’isola di Petam, e l’uomo va per isciroc da c miglia, trova l’isola di Iava la Minore, ma ella non è si piccola ch’ella non giri ii. M miglia: e di questa isola vi conterò tutto il vero. Sappiate che in su questa isola hae viii. re coronati, e sono tutti idoli, e ciascuno di questi reami ha lingua per sè. Qui ha grande abbondanza di tesoro e di tutte care ispezierie. Or vi conterò la maniera di tutti questi reami di ciascuno per sè; e dirovvi una cosa che parrà maraviglia ad ogni uomo, che questa isola è tanto verso mezzodì, che la tramontana non si vede nè poco nè assai. Or torneremo alla maniera degli uomeni, e dirovvi del reame di Ferbet.

5. Bern Italian.

Se lo homo se parte da Pentan e navicha per sirocho c. mia, trova l’isola de Iana Minore che volze ben piu de ii^m. mia. In la q^le isola è viii. regnami, e ciascun regname ha uno re. La zente de questa isola ha linguazo per si e sono idolatri e ge grande habundantia de specie che non sono mai in nostre contrade.

Questa isola è tanto verso mezodi chel non se po veder la stella tramontana ne pocho ne assai. Jo non fui in tutti li regnami de questa provincia ma fui in solo lo regname de Forletti e in quel de Basaron e in quello de Samara e in quello de Groian e in quel de Lambrin e in quello de Fanfiro. In li altri dui non fui. E pero io ne diro pur de questi dove sum stado.

6. Ramusio’s Printed Text.

Quando si parte dall’Isola Pentan, e che s’è navigato circa a cento miglia per Scirocco, si truova l’Isola di Giaua Minore. Ma non è però cosi picciola, che non giri circa due mila miglia a torno a torno. Et in quest’isola son’otto reami, et otto Re. Le genti della quale adorano gl’idoli, & in ciascun regno v’è linguaggio da sua posta, diverso dalla favella de gli altri regni. V’è abbondanza di thesoro, & di tutte le specie, & di legno d’aloe, verzino, ebano, & di molte altri sorti di specie, che alla patria nostra per la longhezza del viaggio, & pericoli del navigare non si portano, ma si portan’alla provincia di Mangi, & del Cataio.

Hor vogliamo dire della maniera di questi genti di ciascuna partitamente per se, ma primamente è da sapere, che quest’isola è posta tanto verso le parti di mezo giorno, che quivi la stella Tramontana non si puo vedere, & M. Marco fu in sei reami di quest’isola, de’ quali, qui se ne parlerà, lasciando gli altri due che non vidde.

LATIN.

7. MS. of Paris Library, 3195. (Geographic Latin.)

Quando homo recedit de insula de Pentay et vadit per silochum sentum miliaria, invenit insulam minorem de Java, et est ista insula parva et durat duo millia miliaria; et de istâ insulâ computabo vobis omnia. Super istâ insulâ sunt octo regna, in sex quorum ego Marcus fui, scilicet in regnis Ferlech, Basman, Samara, Dragoiam, Lambri et Fanfur. In aliis autem duobus non fui; et secundum quod sunt octo regna, ita sunt octo reges coronati, et sunt omnes idolatrae. Et quodlibet istorum regnorum habet linguam per se. Ibi est magna abundantia thesauri et de omnibus caris speciebus; et dicam vobis de istâ insulâ quaedam quae videbuntur mirabilia. Ista insula est tantum versus meridiem quod tramontana non videtur ibi nec parvum nec multum. Postquam diximus vobis de insulâ et de regnis ipsius, nunc computemus de moribus hominum ipsius insulae, et primo de regno Ferlech.

8. Pipino’s Version (British Museum, King’s Libr. 14 c. xiii.).

Ultra insulam Pentham per Syrocum post miliaria centum invenit insulam quæ dicitur Jaua Minor quæ in suo ambitu continet miliaria duo milia. Ibi sunt octo regna cum singulis regibus et est ibi propria lingua. Et omnis habitatores insulæ ydolatrie sectatores sunt. Ibi est omnium aromatum copia, quarum similitudinem nunquam vidimus citra mare. Hec insula in tantum est ad meridiem posita, quod de ipsâ insula Polus Articus videri non poterit stella seu illa quæ vulgariter dicitur Tramontana. Ego autem Marcus fui in sex regnis hujus insulæ, sc. in regnis Ferlech, Basman, Samara, Dragoian, Lambri et Famsur. In aliis autem duobus non fui. Et primo dicam de regno Ferlech.

9. Version of Cicogna MS. in Museo Civico, Venice.

Ab ynsulâ Pentain cerca 100 mil. versus Syroch est ynsula Jaua que licet Minor dicatur per respectum alterius supradicte est in circuitus [sic] 2000 mil. et plus. In ipsâ enim sunt 8 regna singuli[2] et reges, et habet quodlibet regnum per se proprium ydeoma, et est in ipsâ tesaurus multus valde et species magni valoris multe, et lignum aloes et spica, et multe diverse species que nunquam in nostris partibus apportantur. Et est hec ynsula in tantum versus meridiem possita quod Polus Articus breviter non apparet.

10. Version printed in the Novus Orbis of Grynæus.

Ultra insulam Petan, per Sirochum navigando, est Jaua Minor, centum distans milliaribus à Petan: et hæc in circuitu continere dicitur circiter duo millia milliarium. Dividitur insula in octo regna, habetque linguam propriam. Producit etiam varia aromata, qualia in his nostris partibus nunquam visa sunt.... Protenditur hæc insula in tantum ad Austrum, ut Polus Articus, et stelle ejus minime videri possent. Ego Marcus fui in hâc insula, lustravique sex ejus regna, nempe regnum Ferlech, Basman, Samara, Dragoiam, Lambri, et Fansur. In aliis vero duobus non fui.

[1] Omitted in MS. or at least in my transcript.

[2] Word doubtful.

Appendix E.—The Preface of Friar Pipino to his Latin Version of Marco Polo.

(Circa 1315–1320.)

“The Book of that prudent, honourable, and most truthful gentleman, Messer Marco Polo of Venice, concerning the circumstances and manners of the Regions of the East, which he conscientiously wrote and put forth in the Vulgar Tongue, I, Friar Francesco Pipino of Bologna, of the Order of the Preaching Friars, am called upon by a number of my Fathers and Masters to render faithfully and truthfully out of the vulgar tongue into the Latin. And this, not merely because they are themselves persons who take more pleasure in Latin than in vernacular compositions, but also that those who, owing to the diversity of languages and dialects, might find the perusal of the original difficult or impossible, may be able to read the Book with understanding and enjoyment.

“The task, indeed, which they have constrained me to undertake, is one which they themselves could have executed more competently, but they were averse to distract their attention from the higher contemplations and sublime pursuits to which they are devoted, in order to turn their thoughts and pens to things of the earth earthy. I, therefore, in obedience to their orders, have rendered the whole substance of the Book into such plain Latin as was suited to its subject.

“And let none deem this task to be vain and unprofitable; for I am of opinion that the perusal of the Book by the Faithful may merit an abounding Grace from the Lord; whether that in contemplating the variety, beauty, and vastness of God’s Creation, as herein displayed in His marvellous works, they may be led to bow in adoring wonder before His Power and Wisdom; or, that, in considering the depths of blindness and impurity in which the Gentile Nations are involved, they may be constrained at once to render thanks to God Who hath deigned to call His faithful people out of such perilous darkness into His marvellous Light, and to pray for the illumination of the hearts of the Heathen. Hereby, also, the sloth of undevout Christians may be put to shame, when they see how much more ready the nations of the unbelievers are to worship their Idols, than are many of those who have been marked with Christ’s Token to adore the True God. Moreover, the hearts of some members of the religious orders may be moved to strive for the diffusion of the Christian Faith, and by Divine Aid to carry the Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ, forgotten among so vast multitudes, to those blinded nations, among whom the harvest is indeed so great, and the labourers so few.

“But lest the inexperienced Reader should regard as beyond belief the many strange and unheard of things that are related in sundry passages of this Book, let all know Messer Marco Polo, the narrator of these marvels, to be a most respectable, veracious, and devout person, of most honourable character, and receiving such good testimony from all his acquaintance, that his many virtues claim entire belief for that which he relates. His Father, Messer Nicolo, a man of the highest respectability, used to relate all these things in the same manner. And his uncle, Messer Maffeo, who is spoken of in the Book, a man of ripe wisdom and piety, in familiar conversation with his Confessor when on his death-bed, maintained unflinchingly that the whole of the contents of this Book were true.

“Wherefore I have, with a safer conscience, undertaken the labour of this Translation, for the entertainment of my Readers, and to the praise of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Creator of all things visible and invisible.”

Appendix F.—Note of MSS. of Marco Polo so far as they are known.

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF MSS.

	Latin	French	Italian	German	Irish	Total
Great Britain and Ireland	........	........	........	........	........	16
Cambridge	3	...	...	...	...
Dublin	1	...	...	...	...
Lismore Castle	...	...	...	...	1
Glasgow	2	...	...	...	...
London	4	2	1	...	...
Oxford	1	1	...	...	...
France	........	........	........	........	........	12
Paris	4	7	1	...	...
Luxemburg	1	........	........	........	........	1
Belgium	........	........	........	........	........	1
Brussels	...	1	...	...	...
Italy	........	........	........	........	........	29
Venice	4	...	2	...	...
Ferrara	...	...	1	...	...
Milan	1	...	...	...	...
Modena	1	...	...	...	...
Florence	1	...	8	...	...
Lucca	...	...	1	...	...
Siena	...	...	1	...	...
Rome	4	1	1	...	...
Spain	........	........	........	........	........	3
Escurial1	1	...	...	...	...
Toledo	1	...	1	...	...
Switzerland	........	........	........	........	........	3
Bern	...	1	1	...	...
Vevey	...	1	...	...	...
Germany	........	........	........	........	........	16
Munich	4	...	...	4	...
Wolfenbüttel	2	...	...	...	...
Berlin	1	...	...	1	...
Würzburg	1	...	...	...	...
Giessen	1	...	...	...	...
Jena	1	...	...	...	...
Mentz	1	...	...	...	...
Austria	........	........	........	........	........	2
Prague	1	...	...	...	...
Vienna	...	...	...	1	...
Sweden	........	........	........	........	........	2
Stockholm	...	2	...	...	...
	41	16	21	6	1	85

I add Lists of the Miniatures in two of the finer MSS. as noted from examination.

List of Miniatures in the Great Volume of the French National Library, commonly known as ‘Le Livre des Merveilles’ (Fr. 2810) which belong to The Book of Marco Polo.

Frontispiece. “Comment les deux freres se partirent de Constantinople pour cherchier du monde.”
Conversation with the Ambassadors at Bokhara (fol. 2).
The Brothers before the G. Kaan (f. 2 v.).
The Kaan giving them Letters (f. 3).
„ „ „ „ a Golden Tablet (f. 3 v.).
The Second Departure from Venice (f. 4).
The Polos before Pope Gregory (f. 4 v.).
The two elder Polos before the Kaan presenting Book and Cross (f. 5).
The Polos demand congé (f. 6).
(Subject obscure) (f. 7).
Georgians, and Convent of St. Leonard (f. 8).
The Calif shut up in his Treasury (f. 9).
The Calif ordering Christians to move the Mountain (f. 10).
Miracle of the Mountain (God is seen pushing it) (f. 10 v.).
The three Kings en route (f. 11 v.).
„ „ „ adoring the Fire (f. 12).
(Subject obscure—Travelling in Persia?) (f. 12 v.).
Cattle of Kerman (f. 13 v.).
Ship from India arriving at Hormus (f. 14 v.).
Travelling in a Wood, with Wild Beasts (f. 15 v.).
The Old Man’s Paradise (f. 16 v.).
The Old Man administering the Potion (f. 17).
Hunting Porcupines in Badashan (f. 18).
Digging for Rubies in Badashan (f. 18).
Kashmir—the King maintaining Justice (i.e., seeing a Man’s head cut off) (f. 19 v.).
Baptism of Chagatai (f. 20 v.).
People of Charchan in the Desert (f. 21 v.).
Idolaters of Tangut with Ram before Idol (f. 22 v.).
Funeral Festivities of Tangut (f. 23).
(Subject obscure) (f. 24).
Coronation of Chinghiz (f. 25 v.).
Chinghiz sends to Prester John (f. 26).
Death of Chinghiz (f. 27).
(Subject obscure) (f. 28).
Some of Pliny’s Monsters (à propos de bottes) (f. 29 v.).
A Man herding White Cattle (?) (f. 30 v.).
Kúblái hawking, with Cheeta en croupe (f. 31 v.).
Kaan on Elephant, in Battle with Nayan (f. 33).
Nayan with his wife surprised by the enemy (f. 34).
The Kaan’s four Queens (f. 36).
The Kaan’s Palace, with the Lake and Green Mount (f. 37).
The Kaan’s Son’s Palace (f. 38).
The Kaan’s Banquet (f. 39).
„ worship of Idols (f. 40).
The Kaan travelling in Horse-litter (f. 41).
„ hunting (f. 42).
„ in Elephant-litter (f. 42 v.).
The White Feast (f. 44).
The Kaan gives Paper for Treasure (f. 45).
Couriers arrive before Kaan (f. 46 v.).
The Kaan transplants big Trees (f. 47 v.).
The Bridge Pulisangin (f. 49).
The Golden King as a Cow-herd (f. 50).
Trade on the Caramoran (f. 51).
The Girls of Tibet (f. 52 v.).
Fishing Pearls in Caindu (f. 54).
Dragons of Carajan (f. 55 v.).
Battle of Vochan (f. 58).
The Forests of Mien, Elephants in the Wood (f. 59).
„ „ and Unicorns, etc. (f. 59 v.).
Lion hunting in Coloman (f. 61).
Return from the Chase (f. 62 v.).
The Queen of Manzi surrenders (f. 64).
The City of Quinsai (f. 67).
The Receipt of Custom at Quinsai (f. 69).
Curiosities brought from India to Great Kaan (f. 71).
War with Chipangu (f. 72).
Scene at Sea (an Expedition to Chipangu?) (f. 73 v.).
Cannibals of Sumatra (f. 74 v.).
Cynocephali (rather Alopecocephali!) (f. 76 v.).
The folk of Ma’abar, without raiment (f. 78).
Idol worship of Indian girls (f. 80).
The Valley of Diamonds (f. 82).
Brahmin Merchants (f. 83).
Pepper gathering (f. 84).
Wild Beasts (f. 85).
City of Cambaia (f. 86 v.).
Male and Female Islands (f. 87).
Madagascar (f. 88).
Battle of the Abyssinian Kings (f. 89 v.)
City of the Ichthyophagi (f. 91).
Arab horses at Calatu (f. 92).
Wars of Caidu (f. 93 v.).
Prowess of Caidu’s daughter (f. 95 v.).[1]

List of Miniatures in the Bodleian MS. of Marco Polo.[2]

Frontispiece (f. 218).
The Kaan giving the Golden Tablet.
Presentation of Pope’s Letter.
Taking of Baudas.
The Bishop before the Calif.
The Three Kings at Bethlehem.
White Oxen of Kerman.
Paradise of the Old Man.
River of Balashan.
City of Campichu.
Battle with Prester John.
Tartars and their Idols.
The Kaan in his Park at Chandu.
Idol Worship.
Battle with Nayan.
Death of the Rebels.
Kaan rewarding his Officers.
„ at Table.
„ hunting.
The Kaan and his Barons.
The Kaan’s alms.
City of Kenjanfu.
„ „ Sindinfu.
People of Carajan.
The Couvade.
Gold and Silver Towers of Mien.
Funeral Customs.
The Great River Kian?
The Attack of Saianfu (with a Cannon, a Mangonel, and a Crossbow).
City of Quinsay.
Palace of Facfur.
Port of Zayton.
Cynocephali.
„
Idolaters of Little Java.
Pearl Divers.
Shrine of St. Thomas.
The Six Kings, subject to Abyssinia.

Part of the Frontispiece is engraved in vol. i. p. 18 of the present work; the whole of the Frontispiece representing the Piazzetta reduced has been poorly reproduced in Mrs. Oliphant’s The Makers of Venice, London, 1887, p. 134.

Appendix F.—List of MSS. of Marco Polo’s Book so far as they are known.[3]

The MSS. marked thus * are spoken of after Personal Inspection by the Editor.

No.	Localities.	Indications.	Language.	Description of MSS.	Authorities.
Great Britain and Ireland.
1	British Museum Library	Harleian MSS., No. 5115	Latin	Pipino’s Version; with the work of Hayton the Armenian; Parchment; written about A.D. 1400, in a careful hand.—152 ff.—folio.	*
2	British Museum Library	Arundel, XIII., Plut. 163 c.	Latin	Pipino’s; followed by Odoric in same hand, but more carelessly written. Parchment. [4to; 51 fol., 14th century.—H. Cordier, Odoric de Pordenone, p. lxix.].	*
3	British Museum Library	Bibl. Reg. XIV., c. 13.—Plut. 12 f.	Latin	Pipino’s. A well-written folio [311 ff.] on parchment, containing Ranulf of Chester; Praefationes Historiographorum; Gyraldus Camb. de Conq. Hyberniae; Libellus de Mirab. Sanctae Terrae; Odoric; Rubruquis; Polo; Verses of Master Michael of Cornwall; etc.—[H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. lxviii–lxix.].	*
4	British Museum Library	Bib. Reg. XIX., D. I.	French	[Contains eight works: Le livre d’Alexandre; Jehan le Venelais, la Vengeance d’Alexandre; Marc Pol; Odoric; Ascelin, Mission chez les Tartares; le Directoire; Primat, Chronique des règnes de Louis IX. et de Philippe III.; Extraits de la Bible; Translation of Jean de Vignay. (See H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. cv.–cvi.; 14th century.)].	Paul Meyer, Doc. ms. de l’ancienne litt. de la France, 1871, pp. 69–80.
5	British Museum Library	Additional MSS., No. 19, 952 Plut. cxcii. B.	Latin	Pipino’s. Paper, small 4to.—111 ff. Appended, f. 85 et seqq., is a notice of Mahommed and the Koran: Incipit Noticia de Machometo et de Libro Legis Sarracenorum, etc. Appears to be the work of William of Tripoli. (See vol. i. p. 23.). Purchased of D. Henry Wolff, 12th August, 1854.	*
6	British Museum Library	Sloane MSS., No. 251	Italian dialect	Paper, small fol. 39 ff. A good deal abridged, and in a desperately difficult handwriting; but notable as being the only MS. besides the Geog. Text which contains the war of Toctai and Nogai at the end of the Book. It does not, however, contain the majority of the historical chapters forming our Book IV. At the end, f. 39 v., is “Esplizzit Liber Milionis Ziuis Veneziani Questo libro scrissi Saluador Paxuti (?) del=1457 a viazo di Baruti [Patron Misser Cabual Volanesso, chapit. Misser Polo Barbarigo].” (The latter words [in part.—H. C.] from Marsden; being to me illegible).	*
7	British Museum Library	Egerton, 2176	French	Translated from the Latin version of Pipino. Parchment, 103 folio, 4to. Illuminated Capital Letters. Purchased of R. Townley Nordman, 22nd June, 1872.	Yule, 2nd ed., II. p. 517.
8	Oxford	Bodleian, No. 264	French	This is bound up with the celebrated Alexander MS. It is a beautiful work, embellished with thirty-eight miniatures, some of which are exquisite, e.g., the Frontispiece, a large piece of about 9½ in. × 9 in., forming a sort of condensed view of the Field of Travel; a large part of it occupied by Venice, of which our cut (The Piazzetta) in vol. i., p. 18, Introduction, is an extract. Another fine work (f. 220) represents the three Polos presenting the Pope’s Letter to the Khan. The embroidered hands on the Khan’s robe form an inscription, in which is legible “Johannes me fecit.” This Mr. Coxe attributes to John of Cologne, a known artist of the 14th century. He considers the MS. to be of about 1380. The Alexander is dated 1338, and its illuminations as finished in 1344 by Jehan de Grise. [See supra, p. 528, note.] A comparison of a good many readings, as well as of the point where the version breaks off, and the words: “Explicit le Livre nommé du Grant Cann de la Graunt Cité de Cambaluc, Dieux ayde Amen,” indicate that this MS. is of the same type as Pauthier’s C (No. 20 in this List) and the Bern. MS. (No 63). The name given in the colophon as above has caused the work to be entered in the old Printed Catalogue under a wrong title. Hence the MS., as one of Marco Polo, has been overlooked.	[P. Meyer, Romania, XI., 1882, pp. 290–301. E. W. B. Nicholson; Personal.—H. C.]
9	Oxford	Merton College, No. 312	Latin	Pipino’s; followed by Hayton, and Palladius de Agriculturâ.	Coxe, Catal. Codd. MSS. Oxon. Pt. I., p. 123.
10	Cambridge	University Library, D. d. I. 17, No. 12	Latin	Pipino’s. The same folio contains Jacques de Vitry, Hayton, several works on Mahommedanism, among others that of William of Tripoli (vol. i. p. 23), Piers Plowman, etc., etc.	Catal. of MSS. in Lib. of Camb. University, I. 22.
11	Cambridge	University Library, D. d. VIII. 7	Latin	Fragment of Marci Pauli Veneti Historia Tartarorum (probably Pipino’s.).	Catal. of MSS. in Lib. of Camb. University, I. 22.
12	Cambridge	Gonville and Caius College, No. 162	Latin	Pipino’s; with Odoric, and other works relating to Asia. [H. Cordier, Odoric, p. lxviii.]	Catal. of MSS. of Gonville and Caius Coll. Library, by Rev. J. J. Smith, 1849.
13	Glasgow	Hunterian Collection, S. 5. 7	Latin	Pipino’s Version, with illuminated initials, in a volume containing Guido Colonna’s Hist. destruct. Trojæ; De Gestis Alex. Magni; Turpinus de Gestis Caroli Magni; M.P.V.; Oderichus de Mirabilibus Tartariæ. Parchment, 4to.	Note by Rev. Prof. W. P. Dickson, D.D.
14	Glasgow	Hunterian Collection, Q. 6. 21	Latin	Pipino’s also with illuminated initials, and also followed by Odoric. Parchment, 4to.	Note by Rev. Prof. W. P. Dickson, D.D.
15	Ireland	Lismore Castle, and a transcript in Library of Royal Irish Academy, Dublin	Irish	See vol. i., Introduction, Irish Version, pp. 102–103.	O’Curry’s Lectures, and special Note by Mr. J. Long, Dublin.
16	Dublin	Trinity College, No. 632	Latin	Marco Polo: Itinerarium (ff. 43), 4to; 15th century. In a collection of “Historical and Miscellaneous Treatises” comprising: Leges S. Edwardi per Will. Conq. confirmatæ; De Fundatoribus Eccles. quarundam in Anglia, etc.	Cat. of the MSS. in the Lib. Trinity College, Dublin, ... by T. K. Abbott, 1900, p. 105.
France.
17	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 7367 (now Fr. 1116)	French	This is the most precious of all MSS. of Polo. It has been fully spoken of (vol. i., Int., The Old French Text) under the name of the Geographic Text (or G. T.), because it was printed by the Société de Géographie in 1824. [See I, p. 83] A large 4to of thick parchment; 112 ff.; very clearly though not very neatly written in Gothic text.—14th century. A facsimile of this MS. has been made this year (1902) at Karlsruhe. (See App. H. p. 569.)	*
18	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 8329 (now Fr. 2810)	French	“Ce Liure est des // Merueilles du Monde. Cest assavoir de la Terre // Saincte. Du Grant Kaan Empereur des tartars. // Et du pays Dynde. Le Quel // Liure Jehan Duc de Bourgoingne donna // a son oncle Jehan fils de Roy de // France duc de Berry et Dauviergne, Conte // de Poitou, Detampes. de Bouloingne. et Dauvergne. // Et contient le dit Liure six // Livres. Cest assavoir. Marc Pol. Frere Odric de lordre des // Freres meneurs. Le Liure fait à la requeste du Cardinal Taleran de // Pierregort. L’Estat du Grant Kaan. Le Liure de Messire Guillaume // de Mandeville. Le Liure de Frere Jehan Hayton de lordre de premonstre. // Le Liure de Frere Bicul de lordre des Freres Prescheurs //—Et sont en ce dit Liure Deux cens soixante six // hystoires.” Signed by N. Flamel. Then follows. 1° Marco Polo: “Cy après commence le liure de Marc Paule des merveilles daise la grant et dinde la maiour et mineur Et des diuerses regions du monde.”—Begins: “Pour sauoir la pure verite de diuerses regions du monde. Si prenez ce liure cy et le faictes lire. Si y trouuerez les grandismes merueilles qui y sont escriptes....” Ends (Fol. 96 verso): “Et a tant fine messire marc pol son liure de la diuision du monde et des merueilles dicelluy.” Of the 266 histoires or miniatures in this splendid book, 84 belong to the story of Polo. We have given engravings of several of them. Its value is estimated in the catalogue of the Library of the Duc de Berry in 1416 (quoted by Pauthier) at 125 livres, equivalent (if parisis) to about 115l. This is Pauthier’s MS. B. See vol. i., Int., Various Types of the Text. Large folio on vellum. [H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. cviii–cxiii.].	*
19	Paris	Bib. Nationale, No. 10260 (now Fr. 5631)	French	“Ci commencent les rebriches de cest Livre qui est appelez le Deuisement du Monde, lequel je Grigoires contrefais du Livre de Messire Marc Pol le meilleur citoien de Venisse creant Crist.” At the beginning of the Text is a coarse drawing of Kúblái on his bretesche, carried by four elephants (vol. i., p. 337); and after the prologue another apparently representing the Princess Aijaruc wrestling with her wooer (vol. ii. p. 465). This is Pauthier’s MS. A. (vol. i, Int., Various Types of the Text), and also was in the Duc de Berry’s Library, valued at 6 livres 5 sols. [Second half of the 14th cent.].	*
20	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 10,270 (now Fr. 5649)	French	This is Pauthier’s MS. C. (See as before.) It is that which has the certificate about the original presented to the Seigneur de Cepoy; see Int., p. 69. At the end is Bertran Pichart scripsit hoc. Small 4to, parchment, in a clear enough half-current hand; 134 ff. Came from the library of the Archb. of Rheims. [Middle of the 15th century.]	*
21	Paris	Bib. nationale (675)?	French	I know nothing of this MS. except its readings of names given in the Table appended to the Geographic Text. It then belonged to the Comte d’Artois. Lazari has it entered as belonging to the Bibl. Imp., I know not if correctly. [I have been unable to find it in the Bibliothèque nationale.—H. C.]	See preceding column.
22	Paris	Bib. nationale, Fr. nouv. acq. 1880	French	This is a copy of the time of King Louis XII., made apparently for Admiral Louis Malet de Graville, Governor of Honfleur, who died in 1516; it bears the arms of the Urfé family; it is at times modernized, but less is suppressed in it than in MSS. 5631 and 2810. The MS. ends: “Et se aucuns disoint qui a luy ...” about the middle of ch. cxcix. of Pauthier’s ed., p. 738, line 4. These are also the last words of the Stockholm MS. of which it is a copy. Purchased in 1870.	L. Delisle, Bib. Ec. Chartes, xliii. p. 219.
23	Paris	Bib. de l’Arsenal, No. 5219	French	Translated by Robert Frescher.—Fol. 1. “Prologue du present livre, par maistre Robert Frescher, bachelier formé en theologie translateur.—Berose, ainsi que Jozephe nous a laissé par escript, fut natif de la cité de Babilone....”—Fol. 9. Begins: “Pour scavoir la pure verité des diverses regions du monde, lisés ou faictes lire ce livre....” Incomplete; ends: “... Argon fut filz de Abaga mon frere, et se aucun disoit que a luy.” (See Pauthier’s ed., p. 738.) Parchment; ff. 168; end of the 15th or beginning of 16th century. From the libraries of Charles Adrien Picard and de Paulmy. With miniatures some of which are engraved in Mœurs, Usages et Costumes du Moyen Age, par le Bibliophile Jacob, pp. 411–413.	Cat. des MSS. de l’Arsenal, V. p. 163.
24	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 3195	Latin	This is the old Latin version, published by the Soc. de Géog., and which I have cited as Geographic Latin or G. L. (See vol. i., Int., Various Types of the Text.) [Contains: Petri Amphusi clericalis disciplina; Odoric; Marco Polo; Bernardi cujusdam ad Raymundum Castri Ambrosii epistola de modo rei familiaris utilius gubernandae. Cf. Cat. Cod. MSS. Bib. Reg. Pars tertia., t. iii. Paris, 1744, p. 385. Parchment, small fol., 15th century.—H. Cordier, Odoric, p. lxxxiii—H. C.].	Printed Text.—H. Cordier.
25	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 1616	Latin	Pipino’s. [Paper; fol. cccvii. et seqq.].	Table in the G. T.
26	Paris	Bib. nationale, No. 6244 A.	Latin	Pipino’s. [Paper.]	Table in the G. T.
27	Paris	Bib. Nationale, Codd. Ital., No. 10,259 [now 434]	Italian	Paper, 4to, of 14th century. Seen, but not examined with any care, which I regret, as the readings suggest that it may have been that text from which Pipino translated [pp. 100.]. [Begins f. 2 recto: “Signori Imperadori Re e Duci e tutte altre gienti che // uolete sapere le diuerse gienerationi delle gienti // elle diuersità delle regioni del mondo leggiete que // sto libro doue retrouerrete tutte le grandissime marauigle,” etc. Ends: “Explicit Liber de Milione per Messe Marcho Polo di Vinegia. Deo gratias.”]	I Manoscritti Italiani ... della R. Bib. Parigina ... dal Ant. Marsand, 1835, 4to.
28	Paris	Former Library of Baron C. Walckenaer	Latin	A miscellaneous volume, containing an imperfect copy of Pipino’s version. Present locality not known.	Table in the G. T.
Luxemburg.
29	Luxemburg	City Library, No. 50	Latin	Volume containing several works; and among them Marchi (Pauli) Veneti Liber Narrationum Morum, etc. Paper; written 1448 by Tilman Pluntsch, “canonicus ecclesie SS. Chresanti et Darie monasterii Eyfflie.”	Pertz, Archiv, viii. 594.
Belgium.
30	Brussels	Royal Library, No. 9309	French	Derives from the Paris 5631 and 2810 and the Stockholm MS., 14th century.	G. Raynaud, Romania, xi. pp. 429–430.
Italy.
31	Venice	St. Mark’s Library, Cl. X. Codd. Lat. 72	Latin	Pipino’s. Formerly belonged to the Monastery of St. John’s in Viridario at Padua, to which it was presented by John Marchanova, Doctor of Arts and Medicine, 1467. Paper, 4to. (It is mentioned by Marsden as at Padua, p. lv.)	Lazari.
32	Venice	St. Mark’s Library, Cl. X. Codd. Lat. 128	Latin	Another of Pipino’s. Paper, 4to, of 15th century.	Lazari.
33	Venice	St. Mark’s Library, Cl. VI. Codd. Ital., 56	Italian (Ven. dialect)	A rude translation of Pipino’s version, written late in the 15th century. Also contains a translation of the same Pipino’s Tract, De Locis Terrae Sanctae. Belonged to T. G. Farsetti. Paper, folio.	Lazari.
34	Venice	St. Mark’s Library, Cl. VI. Codd. Ital., 208	Italian (Ven. dialect)	Corresponds to the Venetian edition of 1496, but even more inaccurate, with absurd interpolations. The volume contains also Odoric, A. Ca’ da Mosto, V. da Gama, Columbus, etc., being of the beginning of the 16th century. Paper, 4to. Belonged to Morelli.	* Lazari.
35	Venice	Museo Civico, Coll. Cicogna, No. 2389, now 2408.	Latin	✛Paper, large 4to; belonged to Gian-Giuseppe Liruti, and after to E. A. Cicogna; contains also Odoric, published by G. Venni in 1761, and other matter. This is the MS. noticed at vol. i. Int., Ramusio’s Italian Version, p. 102, as containing several passages found in no other text except Ramusio’s Italian. Written in 1401 by the Notary Philip, son of Pietro Muleto of Fodan (or Fogan?)[4] in Friuli, whilst studying Rhetoric at Padua.	* [H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. xci.–xcii.]
36	Venice	Library of Count Donà delle Rose	Italian, with a Venetian tinge	It begins: “Quegli che desiderano d’entendere le maraviglose chose del mondo de l’Asia de Armenia persia e tartaria dell indie et diverse parti del mondo legano questo libro et intenderano quello chel nobelle citadino Veneciano Miss. Marcho Polo,” etc., and ends: “Explicit liber Millionis civis Veneciarum. Expleto ad CCCCXLVI mensis setembris die vigesimo-octavo.” These extracts indicate that it belongs to the same type as the Sloane MS. No. 6, in our list.	Note by Comm. Nicolò Barozzi, Director of the Museo Civico at Venice.
37	Ferrara	Public Library, No. 35n (336, N.B. 5)	Italian, with a Venetian tinge	Incipit prologus Libri qui vulgari hominum dicitur “El Milione.” This looks as if it were not Pipino’s.	Note by the Abate S. B. Mondino.
38	Milan	Ambrosian Library, M. 526, Sc. D.	Latin	Fragments extracted from Pipino’s version inserted at end of 2nd part of the Cronica Libri Ymaginis Mundi of Fr. Jacopo d’Acqui. (Vol. i. Int., Captivity of M. Polo.) Paper, folio. 14th century.	Lazari.
39	Modena	Este Library	Latin	Pipino’s Parchment of 14th century. Muratori speaks of this. (Script. VII.) as “fortassis autographum.”	Muratori; and Prof. Bianconi, Degli Scritta di Marco Polo, etc.
40	Florence	Bib. Magliabecchiana (now Nationale), Cl. XIII., Plut. IV. c. 104	Italian (Tuscan)	The Crusca MS., of which an account has been given, vol. i. Int., Original Language of the Book. Paper, folio, early in 14th century.	*
41	Florence	Bib. Magliabecchiana (now Nazionale), Cl. XIII., Plut. IV. c. 73	Italian	Many liberties taken with the text, and much abridged and disarranged. Thus, after the Prologue it proceeds: “Al nome di Dio io Marcho Polo Veneziano racconterò tutte le maravigliose chose ch’io trovai e vidi, etc. etc.” It ends at the chapter on Russia with the following impertinence: “E se volete sapere più innanzi dimandatene un altro ch’io Marcho Polo non cercai più avanti.” The Khalif is called Largaliffe; Reobarles, Reubarbe, with a marginal note in an old hand, “Reubarbe città di Persia, donde viene il reubarbero herba medicinale.” Completed by Dolfo Spini, 16th July, 1425. Paper. Belonged to the Strozzi Collection.	*
42	Florence	Bib. Magliabecchiana (now Nazionale), Cl. XIII., Plut. IV., c. 61	Italian	This corresponds to the Pucci MS. noted below (No. 47). It contains the colophon quoted at vol. i. Int., Some Estimate of Polo and his Book, p. 115, note. Paper, folio, 1392, 100 ff. of which the first 40 contain Polo. Not well written. Ex. Bibl. Gaddianâ.	* Baldelli-Boni.
43	Florence	Bib. Magliabecchiana (now Nazionale), Cl. XIII., Plut. IV., c. 136	Italian	Both beginning and end are missing. Slightly different from the Crusca. 14th century.	* Baldelli-Boni.
44	Florence	Riccardian Library	Italian	Ends with chapter on Russia. Followed by an extract of Mandevile and a valuable coll. of geographical documents of 15th century and beginning of 16th. Paper 4to, 16th century.	*
45	Florence	Riccardian Library	Latin	Pipino’s; but reaching only to Bk. III. ch. 31. Paper, 14th century.	*
46	Florence	Riccardian Library	Italian (Ven. dialect), No. 1924	Partial and defective transcript under the title of Itinerario di Levante.	G. Uzielli, Note.
47	Florence	Library of Pucci family	Italian	See remarks at vol. i. Int., Various Types of the Text. Completed 20th Nov. 1391.	*
48	Florence	Bib. Palatina (now united to Nazionale), Cod. 572	Italian	The language differs slightly from that of the Crusca, and, where I have compared it, is less compressed. Ends with Rossia. Paper, small 4to, 14th century. Written somewhat roughly in a very old hand. Rustician is Messer Restazo da Pisa. The Grand Kaan gives the Polo’s a “tovaglia d’Oro.”	*
49	Lucca	Bib. governativa, Coll. (Lucchesini, Giacomo), No. 26 (now No. 296)	Italian (Ven. dialect)	Corresponds to the corrupt Venice epitome published in 1496. Contains also Odorico. [Ends:—“Complito el libro de le cosse mirabile vedute per lo nobile homo Messer Marcho Polo gientelomo de Venesia a di 12 de Marzo 1465 per mi Daniele da Verona in sul Ponte de’ Berettari al onore e laude dell’Omnipotente.” Paper, 4to, 75 ff. H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. xcvi.–xcviii.]	Baldelli-Boni.
50	Siena	Public Library, c. V. 14	Italian	This is a miscellaneous MS. which, among other things, contains a fragment of Polo, “Qui comīcio ellibro di Missere Mācho Polo da Vinegia de le cose māuiglose che trovo p̄ lo mondo,” etc. It calls Rusticiano Missere Stacio da Pisa.—N.B.—Baldelli gives a very similar description of a fragment at Sienna, but under press mark A. IV. 8. I assume that it is the same that I saw.	*
51	Rome	Vatican Library, Cod. 2207, Ottoboniano	French	A fragment, going no further than the chapter on Georgia, and ending thus: “Autre chose ne vous en scay dire parquoi je vous fois fin en ce livre; le nom de notre Seigneur soi benoist et de sa benoiste Mere. Amen. Loys de Luxembourg.” Parchment, 14 cent.	Baldelli-Boni.
52	Rome	Vatican Library, No. 2935	Latin	An old Latin abridgment of Polo, entitled De Mirabilibus Mundi. The same volume contains a tract, De Mirabilibus Romae, to which also Polo’s name is given. Paper, 14th cent.	Baldelli-Boni and Lazari.
53	Rome	Vatican Library, No. 3153	Latin	Pipino’s. Very neat and clean; apparently of 14th cent. Parchment.	*
54	Rome	Vatican Library, No. 5260	Latin	Pipino’s. Very clearly and regularly written. Apparently 15th cent.	*
55	Rome	Barberini Library, XXXIV. 4	Latin	A MS. volume, containing Ricold of Monte Croce; Tractatus divisionis et ambitûs Orbis Terrarum, etc.; Liber de divisione Orbis Terrarum; Libellus de Mirabilibus Urbis Romae; and “Incipit de Morum et Gentium Varietatibus editus a Marcho Polo Veneto.” It is very cramply written, much compressed, and has no division into books or chapters. Ends with “Roscia, provincia maxima.” “Explicit libellus editus a Dno. Marcho Polo de Venetiis de diversis provinciis et gentibus mundi, et earum ritibus et moribus diversis et artibus.” Parchment, large thin 4to, 14th cent.	*
56	Rome	Barberini Library, LVIII. 40	Italian (Venetian dial.)	This is the fragment spoken of, vol. i. p. 101, note. It is a transcript made apparently in the 17th cent., from a MS. written in 1465.	*
57	Rome	Barberini Library, No. 934	Italian	I give this on Baldelli’s authority. I did not see it on my visit to the Barberini.	Baldelli-Boni.
58	Rome	Corsini Library, No. 1111	Italian (?)	. . .	Baldelli-Boni.
59	Rome	Chigi Library, M. VI. 140	Italian	Bears a note in the handwriting of Pope Alexander VII. (Fabio Chigi of Sienna, 1655–1667), which draws attention to Sienese peculiarities in the language, and assigns the date about 1420 Sm. 4to, paper	Baldelli-Boni.
Spain.
60	Escurial	Library	Latin	Pipino’s	(?)
61	Toledo	Cathedral Library	Latin	Seems to be different from any of the other Latin versions. It has the prefatory address to Domini Imperatores, Reges, Duces, etc. 8vo, paper. Of 15th century.	Baldelli-Boni.
62	Toledo	Cathedral Library	Italian (Venetian)	This is a copy of the Soranzo MS., of which Marsden has given an ample notice after Apostolo Zeno, and which has disappeared from knowledge.	Baldelli-Boni.
Switzerland.
63	Bern	Canton Library, No. 125	French	I have examined this MS. minutely, and am satisfied that it is a copy of Pauthier’s C. i.e., No. 20, in our List. Like that (and no other), it bears the certificate regarding the Seigneur de Cepoy. (Vol. i., Int., Notices of Marco in later life.) The MS. is fully described in Sinner’s Catalogue. It is in very beautiful condition, very clearly written on parchment, with all the initials filled up in gold and colours, and with numerous flowered scrolls. It belonged to Bongars, whose autograph is on it: “Bongars—l’a de la courtoisie de Mr. de Superville.” [Parchment, fol., ff. 286, 14th century.—H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. cxiv.–cxv.]	*
64	Bern	Canton Library	Italian (Venetian)	In a neat running hand resembling italic type. It is much abridged, especially in the latter part. Small Paper 4to. It is inscribed: “Bongars, de la courtoisie de Mr. Aurel, tiré de la biblioteque de Mr. de Vutron (?).”	*
65	Vevey	City Museum	French	[A double sheet; parchment, and of 14th century. Fragment: 1st sheet, end of chap. 121 and greater part of chap. 122; 2nd sheet, end of chap. 134, chaps. 135, 136, 137, and beginning of chap. 138 of Pauthier’s ed. Very similar to the text of the Stockholm MS. Our No. 84.—H. C.]	Ernest Muret, Romania, t. xxx. 1901.
Germany.
66	Munich	Royal Library, Codd. Lat. 249	Latin	Pipino’s. Folio, paper, 15th century. Also Pipino’s tract, De Locis Terrae Sctae., and Boccacio’s De Casibus Virorum Illustrium.	Lazari.
67	Munich	Royal Library, Codd. Lat. 850	Latin	Pipino’s. Paper, 4to, 15th cent. Also Pipino’s tract, De Locis Terrae Sctae., etc.	Lazari.
68	Munich	Royal Library?	Latin	Excerpta de ejus Historia, principaliter Orientalis	Private Memo.
69	Munich	Royal Library?	Latin	Narrationes ex ejus libro de partibus transmarinis	Private Memo.
70	Munich	Royal Library, Cod. Germ. 696	German	The version published at Nuremberg in 1477. Paper, 4to. [See Bibliography, p. 554.]	Lazari.
71	Munich	Royal Library, 252	German	Fragment.	Lazari.
72	Munich	?	German	The whole.	Private Memo.
73	Munich	?	German	Translated for Duke William of Bavaria, 1582.	Private Memo.
74	Wolfenbüttel	Ducal Library, No. 40, Weissemburg	Latin	[Contains: Polo (Pipino’s version) f. 1–57 verso; Odoric; Ricold; Boldensel.—Ricold was published by Mr. J. C. Laurent: Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor. Lipsiae, 1864. Paper, 15th cent., fol., ff. 110.]	H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. lxxiv.–lxxv.
75	Wolfenbüttel	Ducal Library, No. 41, Weissemburg	Latin	[Contains: Ciceronis orationes in Verrem; Chronicon Flandriae; R. Bacon, de regionibus ad papam Clementem; Marco Polo, ff. 122–160 verso; Ricold; Jacques de Vitry; Odoric; Plano Carpini. Paper 15th cent, fol., ff. 253.]	H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. lxxv.–vi.
76	Berlin	Royal Library	Latin	Pipino’s. Also contains Mappa-Mundi, Expositio Libri Mateorum, etc. I believe this is the Codex Brandenburgensis collated by Andreas Müller in his edition (1671).	Private Memo.
77	Berlin	Royal Library	German	A modern MS., said to be a copy of the Wiener MS. (?).	Private Memo.
78	Würzburg	Royal Library	Latin	Marcus Paulus de Mirabilibus Mundi. Paper.	Pertz, Archiv., viii. 100.
79	Giessen	University Library, No. 218	Latin	M. Paulus de Venetiis de Regionibus Orientis (with other matter), probably Pipino’s. Paper, folio, 15th cent. I know not if it is a second, which is cited by Mr. Major (Notes on Russia) from Catalogus Codd. MSS. Academ. Gissenses, by J. V. Adrian, Frankfort, 1840, as bound up with Eusebius and entitled M. P. de Ven. de condit. et consuet. Orient. Regionum.	Pertz, Archiv., ix. 576.
80	Jena	University Library	Latin	Pipino’s. Followed by H. of Alexander	Pertz, Archiv., viii. 698.
81	Mentz	Metropolitan Chapter, No. 52	Latin	Pipino’s. A collection containing in Latin, besides Polo, Odoric, Ricold, and Boldensel. [H. Cordier, Odoric, pp. lxxii.–iv.]	V. F. de Gudenus, Sylloge I. Variorum Diplomatariorum, etc., Frankf. 1728, p. 381.
Austria.
82	Prague	Chapter of St. Vitus	Latin	Pipino’s	Pertz, Archiv., ix. 474.
83	Vienna	. . .	German?	There appears to be a MS. at Vienna; for above I have registered (No. 77) one at Berlin, which is called a copy of the Vienna MS., but I have not been able to get any particulars regarding it.	*
Sweden.
84	Stockholm	Royal Library, French, No. 37	French	This MS., published in facsimile by Baron A. E. Nordenskiöld, belongs to the “Cepoy” type of MSS. Yule wrote in The Athenæum (17th June, 1882): “I gather that it has been produced by partial abridgement from one of the earlier MSS. of the type in question.” And again (p. 766): “It will be seen that though the publication is a beautiful example of facsimile, it contributes, as far as I have been able to examine it, nothing to the amelioration or elucidation of the text or narrative.” The changes and suppressions are much less considerable than in the Paris MSS., 5631 and 2810. Cf L. Delisle, Bib. de l’Ecole des Chartes, XLIII., 1882, pp. 226–235, 424. It is incomplete, and ends: “Et se aucuns disoit quí a luí.”—Cf. Paris MS., 1880. [Our No. 22.] It belonged to the Library of the French King, Charles V. (1364–1380), and later, as marked on the recto of the last folio, “Pour Symon du Solier demorant à Honnefleu,” who was “procureur-syndic des manants et habitants de la ville de Honfleur.”	H. Cordier.
85	Stockholm	Royal Library, French, No. 38	French	Translated from the Latin version.	G. Raynaud, Romania, XI.

[1] ✛ This MS. Fr. 2810 (formerly 8392), known as the Livre des Merveilles, belonged to the Library of John, Duke of Berry, at the Château of Mehun-sur-Yevre, 1416, No. 116 of the catalogue; also No. 196, p. 186, of Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibl. Nationale, par. L. Delisle, III. Count A. de Bastard began publishing some of the miniatures, but did not finish the work. Of the miniatures, Nos. 1, 12, 19, 35, 41, 37, 45, 47, 52, 56, 57, 60, 66, 70, 75, 78, 81 are engraved, pp. 258, 273, 282, 310, 316, 317, 328, 332, 340, 348, 350, 354, 381, 392, 406, 411, 417 in Charton’s Voyageurs du Moyen Age, vol. ii., besides two others, pp. 305, 395, not identified; [in my edition of Odoric, I reproduced Nos. 33, 41, 70, pp. 439, 377, 207.—H. C.]; in the present work, Nos 5, 31, 41, 52, 70 are engraved, vol. i. pp. 15, 244, 369; Nos. 52, 70, vol. ii. pp. 5, 311. Nos. 60 and 75 have been reproduced, pp. 97 and 98 of Faguet’s Hist. de la Littérature Française, 2nd ed., Paris, 1900.

[2] [Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson, who thought at first that this MS. was written at the end of the 14th century, in his Introduction to Early Bodleian Music, by J. F. R. Stainer and C. Stainer, London, 1901, has come to the conclusion (p. xviii.) that it belongs to the first half of the 15th century. I agree with him. Mr. Nicholson thinks that the writing is English, and that the miniatures are by a Flemish artist; Mr. Holmes, the King’s Librarian, believes that both writing and miniatures are English. This MS. came into the Bodleian Library between 1598 and 1605, and was probably given by Sir Thomas Bodley himself.—H. C.]

[3] [This List was printed in vol. ii. pp. 449–462 of the first edition of the Book, but was omitted in the second edition. My own experience has shown me the usefulness of this table, which contains 85 MSS. instead of 75, and some additional particulars.—H. C.]

[4] [Ser Petri de Faganea (Fagagna, in Friuli).—H. C.]

Appendix G.—Diagram showing Filiation of Chief MSS. and Editions of Marco Polo.

N.B.—Such MSS. as are not enclosed in Cartouches are hypothetical, or not known now to exist, but are recognized or demonstrable as links in the series. Nos. refer to List of MSS. in App. F. Printed Editions are in small capitals.

Appendix H.—Bibliography of Marco Polo’s Book.

I.—Principal Editions.

We attempt a list of all the editions of Polo; a task for which Sir Henry Yule had no advantages, and which will be found well done for the time in Lazari’s Appendix, based on Marsden. It may be also useful to mention the chief Editions, with their dates.

1477. The first Printed Edition is in German. We give a reduced Facsimile of its Frontispiece. (See [p. 555].)

1481. A reproduction of the preceding at Augsburg, in the same volume with the History of Duke Leopold and his Son William of Austria.

About 1490. Pipino’s Latin; the only printed edition of that version. Without place, date, or printer’s name. (See [p. 558].)

1496. Edition in Venetian Dialect, printed by J. B. da Sessa.

1500. The preceding reproduced at Brescia (often afterwards in Italy).

1502. Portuguese version from Pipino, along with the Travels of Nicolo Conti. Printed at Lisbon by Valentym Fernandez Alemao (see vol. ii. of this work, p. 295). Stated to have been translated from the MS. presented by Venice to Prince Pedro (vol. i. p. 135.)

1503. Spanish version by Rodrigo de Santaella. Sevilla.

1529. Ditto. Reprinted at Logroño.

1532. Novus Orbis—Basileæ. (See vol. i. p. 95.)

1556. French version from the Novus Orbis.

1559. Ramusio’s 2nd volume, containing his version of Polo, of which we have spoken amply.

1579. First English Version, made by John Frampton, according to Marsden, from the Spanish version of Seville or Logroño.

1625. Purchas’s Pilgrims, vol. iii. contains a very loose translation from Ramusio.

1664. Dutch Version, from the Novus Orbis. Amsterdam.

1671. Andreas Müller of Greiffenhagen reprints the Latin of the Novus Orbis, with a collation of readings from the Pipino MS. at Berlin; and with it the book of Hayton, and a disquisition De Chataiâ. The Editor appears to have been an enthusiast in his subject, but he selected his text very injudiciously. (See vol. i. p. 96.)

1735. Bergeron’s interesting collection of Mediæval Travels in Asia, published in French at the Hague. The Polo is a translation from Müller, and hence is (as we have already indicated) at 6th hand.

1747. In Astley’s Collection, IV. 580 seqq., there is an abstract of Polo’s book, with brief notes, which are extremely acute, though written in a vulgar tone, too characteristic of the time.

1818. Marsden’s famous English Edition.

1824. The Publication of the most valuable MS. and most genuine form of the text, by the Soc. de Géographie of Paris. (See vol. i. p. 83.) It also contains the Latin Text (No. 24 in our list of MSS. App. F.).

1827. Baldelli-Boni published the Crusca MS. (No. 40), and republished the Ramusian Version, with numerous notes, and interesting dissertations. The 2 volumes are cumbered with 2 volumes more containing, as a Preliminary, a History of the Mutual Relations of Europe and Asia, which probably no man ever read. Florence.

1844. Hugh Murray’s Edition. It is, like the present one, eclectic as regards the text, but the Editor has taken large liberties with the arrangement of the Book.

1845. Bürck’s German Version, Leipzig. It is translated from Ramusio, with copious notes, chiefly derived from Marsden and Ritter. There are some notes at the end added by the late Karl Friedrich Neumann, but as a whole these are disappointing.

1847. Lazari’s Italian edition was prepared at the expense of the late Senator T. Pasini, in commemoration of the meeting of the Italian Scientific Congress at Venice in that year, to the members of which it was presented. It is a creditable work, but too hastily got up.

1854. Mr. T. Wright prepared an edition for Bohn’s Antiq. Library. The notes are in the main (and professedly) abridged from Marsden’s, whose text is generally followed, but with the addition of the historical chapters, and a few other modifications from the Geographic Text.

1854–57. Voyageurs Anciens et Modernes, &c. Par M. Ed. Charton. Paris. An interesting and creditable popular work. Vol. ii. contains Marco Polo, with many illustrations, including copies from miniatures in the Livre des Merveilles. (See list in App. F. [p. 528].)

1863. Signor Adolfo Bartoli reprinted the Crusca MS. from the original, making a careful comparison with the Geographic Text. He has prefixed a valuable and accurate Essay on Marco Polo and the Literary History of his Book, by which I have profited.

1865. M. Pauthier’s learned edition.

1871. First edition of the present work.

1873. First publication of Marco Polo in Russian.

1875. Second edition of this work.

1882. Facsimile of the French Stockholm MS. by Baron A. E. Nordenskiöld.

II.—Bibliography of Printed Editions.[1]

A.—German Editions.

1.—1. Nuremberg ... 1477.

The first translation of Marco Polo’s Book was printed in German, at Nuremberg, in 1477.

Collation: 58 ff. folio without pagination and without signatures.

Verso f. 1: Frontispiece: Portrait of Marco Polo with this inscription round the border: [Top] Das ist der edel Ritter. Marcho polo von [right] Venedig der grost landtfarer. der vns beschreibt die grossen wunder der welt [Foot] die er selber gesehenn hat. Von dem auffgang [left] pis zu dem nydergãg der sunnẽ. der gleychẽ vor nicht meer gehört seyn. [See [p. 555].]

Recto f. 2, begins:

Hie hebt sich an das puch dés edelñ Ritters vñ landtfarers ‖ Marcho polo. In dem er schreibt die grossen wunderlichen ‖ ding dieser welt. Sunderlichen von den grossen kũnigen vnd ‖ keysern die da herschen in den selbigen landen | vnd von irem ‖ volck vnd seiner gewonheit da selbs.

Verso f. 58:

Hie endet sich das puch des edelñ Ritters und lañdtfarerz ‖ Marcho polo | das do sagt võ mangerley wunder der landt ‖ vñ lewt | vñ wie er die selbigen gesehen vñ durch faren hat ‖ von dẽ auffgang pisz zu dem nydergang der sũnẽ Seliglich.

Disz hat gedruckt Fricz Creũszner zu Nurm̃berg Nach cristi ‖ gepurdt Tausent vierhundert vñ im siben vñ sibenczigtē iar.

Frontispiece of the first German Edition.

The copy which I have examined is in the Grenville Library, No. 6787. (Vide Bib. Grenvilliana, Part II. p. 305.) When Marsden edited his Marco Polo, Grenville did not possess this edition. The only known copy was in the Vienna Imperial Library, but was without the portrait. Grenville had made a transcript spoken of by Marsden, pp. lxx.–lxxi., which we describe infra. “When Mr. Marsden,” says Grenville in a MS. note at the beginning of this fine volume, “published his translation of this work, the only known copy of this first German Edition was in the Imperial Library at Vienna, and I had a literal transcript made from it: Since that time a second copy was found and sold by Payne and Foss to Lord Spencer: and now I have purchased from Leipsick a third [the present] beautiful copy. I know of no fourth copy. The copy at Vienna wants the portrait.”

Vide Bib. Spenceriana, vol. vi. p. 176.

Other copies are to be found at the Imperial Library, Vienna, the Royal Library, Berlin, the Germanisches Museum, Nuremberg; a sixth copy was in the Crawford Collection (London, June, 1887, 1359) with the portrait, and was purchased by B. Quaritch. [See H. Cordier, Cent. of Marco Polo, p. 41.]

—The copy we just spoke of has No. LII. in the Grenville collection, British Museum; it is a folio of 114 pages numbered with a pencil; bound with the arms of the R^t. Hon^ble. Tho^s. Grenville. Page 114, the exactness of this copy is thus certified: “Apographum collatum cum prototypo, quod in Bibliotheca Palatina Vindobonensi adservatur. Illo quidem, qui descripsit, recitante ex prototypo, me vero hoc apographum inspectante. Respondet pagina paginae, versui versus & syllaba syllabae. Vindobonae die 29. Augusti 1817. B. Kopitar, Biblioth. Palatinae Vindobon. scriptor.”

With this manuscript is bound a letter addressed to Mr. Grenville by the Chevalier Scotti, who had the copy made; it is dated “Vienne 20 nmbre 1817,” and ends with this post-scriptum: “N. B. Comme cette Edition fort peu connue du 477. est une édition non seulement précieuse, mais à la vérité fort rare aussi, elle avoit été prise par les François et portée à Paris la dernière fois qu’ils ont été à Vienne. Elle y a été rendue avec tout le reste qu’on avoit emporté à la suite des heureux succès des Coilisés, auxquels L’immortel Wellington a tant contribué en y mettant la dernière couronne dont les lauriers resteront à jamais inflétrissables.”

2.—2. Augsburg ... 1481.

—The second German edition of Marco Polo has been reprinted at Augsburg in 1481; it is as scarce as the first edition; I have examined the copy in the Imperial Library at St. Petersburg.

Collation: 60 ff. folio, without pagination nor signatures.

Recto f. 1: End of the story of William of Austria, after which is printed Marco Polo.

Verso f. 1: Frontispiece: Portrait of Marco Polo coloured with this inscription round the border: [Top] Das ist der edel ritter Marcho polo von Venedig. [right] der grõst landfarer. der vns beschreibt die grossen wunder der welt die er selber gese [foot] hen hat. Von dem auffgang biss zu dem nidergang der [left] sunnen | der geleich vor nit meer gehört seind.

Recto f. 2, begins:

Hie hept sich an das buch des edlẽ ritters vñ landtfarers Marcho polo. in dem er schreibt die grossen wunderlichen ding diser welt. sunderlichen võ den grossen künigen vnd keisern | die da herschen in den selbigen landen vnd von jrem volck vnnd seiner gewonheÿt da selbs.

Recto f. 60: Hie enndet sich herczog Wilhalm von österreich vñ das buch des edeln ritters vñ landtfarers Marcho polo | das da sagt von mengerleÿ wunder der land vnd leüt. vnd wie er die selbigẽ gesehen vñ durch faren hat von dem auffgang biss zu dem nÿdergang d’sunnen Seligklich. Diss hat gedruckt Anthonius Sorg zu Augspurg Nach xp̃i gepurt tausent vier hundert vnd jm lxxxj. jare.

No. fig. in the text.

3.—3. Die New Welt der landschaften vnnd Insulen ... gedruckt zu Strassburg durch Georgen Vlricher ... An. m.d.xxxiiii, folio.

Ff. 103–133; Marr Paulen des Venedigers Erst Buch | von den Morgenlandern.—Ff. 134–152: Haithon des Armeniers Premonstratensis ordens | von den Tartern.

Translated from the Novus Orbis Regionvm.—See 11–12.

4.—4.* M. Polus. Reise in die Tartarey und zum Grossen Chan von Chatai, uebersetzt. v. H. Megisser. Altenburg, 1609, 8vo.

H. Ternaux-Compans, Bibliothèque asiatique et africaine, No. 1031.—[Notwithstanding all my researches, I could not find this edition in any private or public library in Germany.—H. C.]

5.—5. Chorographia Tartariæ: ‖ Oder ‖ Warhafftige Beschreibung der ‖ vberaus wunderbahrlichen Reise | ‖ welche der Edle vnd weit erfahrne Venedigi—‖ sche Gentilhuomo Marcus Polus, mit dem ‖ zunahmen Million, noch vor vierthalb hundert Jah=‖ren | in die Oriental vnd Morgenlãnder | Sonderlich aber in ‖ die Tartarey | zu dem grossen Can von Cathai | zu ‖ Land vnd Wasser Persönlich verrichtet: ‖ Darinnen ausführlich vnd vmbständ=‖lich erzehlet werden | viel zuvor vnbekandte Landschaff=‖ten | Königreich vnd Städt | sampt dero Sitten vnd ‖ Gebräuchen | vnd andern seltzamen Sachen: ‖ Die Er | als der erste Erfinder der newen Welt | gegen ‖ Orient | oder den Ost Indien | gesehen vnd erfahren. ‖ In drey vnterschiedliche Bücher abge=‖[t]heilet: sampt einem Discurs Herrn Johan Bapti=‖stae Rhamnusij | der Herrschafft zu Vene=‖dig geheimen Secretarij | von dem ‖ Leben des Autoris. ‖ Alles aus dem Original | so in Italianischer ‖ Sprach beschrieben | treulich vnd mit fleis ver=‖ teutschet | auch mit Kupfferstücken ‖ geziehret | durch ‖ Hieronymum Megiserum.—‖ Anno m. dc. xi. ‖ Leipzig | in vorlegung Henning Grossen des Jüngern. Small 8vo. pp. 354 (last page numbered by mistake 351) + 36 prel. ff. for the tit., preface, etc., and 7 ff. at the end for the table.

Plates.—See p. 350: Alphabetum Tartaricúm, et Oratio Dominica Tartaricé.

6.—6. Die Reisen des Marco Polo, oder Marcus Paulus, eines Venetianers, in die Tartarey, im Jahre 1272. (Allgemeine Historie der Reisen, Leipzig, 1750, VII, pp. 423 et seq.)

7.—7. Marco Paolo’s ‖ Reise in den Orient | ‖ während der Jahre 1272 bis 1295. ‖—Nach den ‖ vorzüglichsten Original=Ausgaben verdeutscht, ‖ und ‖ mit einem Kommentar begleitet ‖ von ‖ Felix Peregrin.‖—Ronneburg und Leipzig, ‖ bei August Schumann, 1802, 8vo., pp. vi–248.

P. 248: Eisenberg, gedruckt bei Johann Wilhelm Schöne.

8.—8. Die Reisen des Venezianers Marco Polo im dreizehnten Jahrhundert.—Zum ersten Male vollständig nach den besten Ausgaben Deutsch mit einem Kommentar von August Bürck.—Nebst Zusätzen und Verbesserungen von Karl Friedrich Neumann. Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1845, 8vo, pp. xvi–631.

—Di un frammento inedito di Marco Foscarini intorno ai Viaggiatori Veneziani e di una nuova traduzione in tedesco dei Viaggi di Marco Polo. [By Tommaso Gar] (Archivio Storico Italiano, Appendice, T. IV, Firenze, 1847, pp. 89 et seq.)

9.—9. Die Reisen des Venezianers Marco Polo im dreizehnten Jahrhundert.—Zum ersten Male vollständig nach den besten Ausgaben Deutsch mit einem Kommentar von August Bürck. Nebst Zusätzen und Verbesserungen von Karl Friedrich Neumann. Zweite unveränderte Ausgabe.—Leipzig, Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, 1855, 8vo, pp. xvi–631.

B.—Latin Editions.

10.—1. Commence;

In nomine dn̄i nri ihū xp̄i filij dei viui et veri amen. Incipit plogus ī libro dn̄i marci pauli de venecijs de cōsuetudinibus et cōdicionibus orientaliū regionū.

Then the declaration of “Frater franciscus pepur. de bononia frm̃ p̄dicatorū” who translated the work from the vulgar language into Latin.

End p. 147: Explicit liber dn̄i marci de venecijs Deo gracias.

Collation: 74 f. or 148 pages; the last is blank, 4to, no title, no pagination; signatures p. 1, a. 1 = p. 141, k. 3 (a-h, par 8; i, by 4; k, by 6); maximum 33 lines by page; [1485?].

It is interesting to note that Christopher Columbus had a copy of this edition of Marco Polo, now kept in the Colombina at Seville. The margins of the following folios contain the autograph notes of the great navigator:

9 v.	31 r. & v.	46 v.	55 r. & v.	66 r. & v.
13 v.	36 v.	47 r. & v.	57 r. & v.	67 r. & v.
15 r. & v.	38 v.	48 r. & v.	59 r. & v.	68 r. & v.
17 v.	39 r.	49 r. & v.	60 r. & v.	69 r. & v.
18 r. & v.	40 r. & v.	50 r. & v.	61 r. & v.	70 r. & v.
19 r.	41 r.	51 r. & v.	62 r. & v.	71 r. & v.
23 r. & v.	42 r. & v.	52 r. & v.	63 r.	72 r. & v.
24 r. & v.	43 r. & v.	53 r. & v.	64 v.	73 r. & v.
25 r.	44 r. & v.	54 r.	65 r. & v.	74 r.

Cf. Simón de la Rosa y Lopéz, pp. XXIII, XLIII–XLIV of vol. II, Sevilla, 1891, 4to: Biblioteca Colombina.—Catálogo de sus libros impresos publicado por primera vez en virtud de acuerdo del Excmo. é Ilmo. Sr. Déan y Cabildo de la Santa Metropolitana y Patriarcal Iglesia de Sevilla bajo la immediata dirección de su Bibliotecario el Ilmo. Sr. Dr. D. Servando Arbolí y Faraudo Dignidad de Capellán Mayor de San Fernando.—See also H. Harrisse, Bibl. americana vetustissima.—Additions, p. XII.

“Edition fort rare, dit Brunet, et la plus ancienne que l’on ait de cette version latine de Marco Polo, faite par Pipino, vers 1320. Elle est imprimée avec les mêmes caractères, que l’Itinerarium de Joan. de Mandeville, c’est-à-dire par Gerard de Leeu, à Anvers, vers 1485, et non pas à Rome et à Venise, comme on l’avait supposé. Vend. 4 liv. 14 sh. 6d. Hanrott; 7 liv. Libri en 1859. (Choicer portion, 1562.)” Brunet writes elsewhere (cf. Mandeville par H. Cordier) about Mandeville from the same press: “... La souscription que nous allons rapporter semble prouver qu’elle a été imprimée à Venise; cependant Panzer, IX, 200, la croit sortie des presses de Theodoric Martin, à Aloste, et M. Grenville en trouvait les caractères conformes à ceux que Gérard Leeu a employés à Anvers, de 1484–1485. M. Campbell (Ann. de la typ. néerlandaise) la donne à Gérard Leeu, et fixe la date de l’impression à la première année du séjour de ce typographe à Anvers, après son départ de Gouda.”

It is certain from the use of the signatures a, aa, a, and the similitude of the type of the three works, that the Mandeville, the Ludolphe, and the Marco Polo come from the same printing office, and have been printed together as it seems to be proved by the copy of the Sunderland Library, which was complete and contained the three works.

Lazari, p. 460, writes: “Jo. de Mandeville itineraria: Dom. Ludolph. de itinere ad Terram Sanctam: M. Paul. Venet. de regionibus orientalibus. Liber rariss. Zwollis, 1483, in–4.

“Leggiamo questa nota nell’opera Bibliotheca Beauclerkiana or Sale catalogue of the books of Topham Beauclerk’s Library, London, 1781, P. II., p. 15, n. 430. Marsden però ritiene celarsi sotto quell’erronea indicazione la seguente prima edizione [s. a., 4to] latina de’ viaggi di M. Polo. Egli istitui molte ricerche per rinvenire in Inghilterra quell’esemplare, ma non gli è stato possibile di averne traccia.”

11.—2. Marci Pavli Veneti, de Regionibvs orientalibvs Libri III. (Novus Orbis Regionum).

Editions of 1532, 1537, 1555.—See 3-3.

12.—3. Marci Pavli ‖ Veneti Itinerarivm, ‖ seu de rebus Orientalibus ‖ Libri tres. ‖ Helmaestadii, ‖ M.D. LXXXV, 4to.

Part of the Collection of Reineccius:

—Reineri Reinecii ‖ Polyhistoris clarissimi ‖ Historia O—‖ rientalis: ‖ Hoc est ‖ Rerum in oriente à Christianis, Saracenis, Tur-‖cis & Tartaris gestarum diuersorum ‖ Auctorum. ‖ Totum opus in duas partes tribulum est, ‖ contenta in singulis sequens ‖ pagina indicat. ‖ Helmaestadii, ‖ Typis Iacobi Lucij, impensis heredum Ludolphi ‖ Brandes. Anno 1602, 4to.

Verso of the title:

Primus Tomus continet:

—Chronicon Hierosolomytanum, cum appen-‖dice Reineri Reineccij & Chronologia ‖ Henr. Meibomij.

In Altero sunt:

—Vita Henrici VII. Imp. auctore Conrado Vec—‖erio.

—Vita Caroli IIII. Imp. ab ipso Carolo con-‖scripta.

—Historia Orientalis Haythoni Armenij.

—Pauli Veneti Itinerarium.

—Fragmentum de reb. orientalibus ex Speculo ‖ Historiali Vincentij Beluacensis.

—Appendix ad Expositiones Haythoni auctore ‖ Rein. Reineccio.

The colophon at the end of the first part has the date of 1584; at the end of the second part, 1585.

—This Marco Polo was reprinted according to Lazari, p. 465, in 1602.

13.—4. Marci Pauli Veneti, ‖ Historici fidelissimi juxta ac praestantissimi, ‖ de ‖ Regionibus ‖ orientalibus ‖ libri III. ‖ Cum Codice Manuscripto Biblio-‖thecae Electoralis Brandenburgicae collati, exq’; ‖ eo adjectis Notis plurimùm tum suppleti ‖ tum illustrati. ‖ Accedit, propter cognationem materiae, ‖ Haithoni Armeni historia ‖ orientalis: quae & de Tartaris ‖ inscribitur; ‖ Itemque ‖ Andreae Mülleri, Greiffenhagii, ‖ de Chataja, cujus praedictorum Auctorum uter-‖ que mentionem facit, Disquisitio; inq́ue ipsum ‖ Marcum Paulum Venetum Praefatio, & ‖ locupletissimi indices. ‖ Coloniae Brandenburgicae, ‖—Ex Officina Georgii Schulzii, Typogr. Elect. ‖ Anno M. DC. LXXI. 4to.

Contains:

Engraved frontispiece.

Dedicatory Epistle, 3 ff. not numbered.

Andreæ Mülleri Greiffenhagii, in Marci Pauli Veneti Chorographiam, Praefatio, pp. 26.

Doctorum Virorum De hoc Marci Pauli Veneti Opere Testimonia, ac Judicia ... (Franciscus Pipinus, etc.) 8 ff. n. ch.

Marci Pauli Veneti De Regionibus orientalibus Libri III, pp. 167.

Index primus Historicus, Sive alphabetica Recensio omnium eorum, quae Autor passim observavit, atque aliàs memoranda reliquit, 22 ff. not numbered.

Index secundus Chronographicus, qui Annos & cujuslibet anni Notabilia (quae quidem Autor designavit) continet, 1 page.

Index tertius Itinerarius, Ubi Loca recensentur, quae auctor pertransiit, & Distantiae Locorum, quas ipse annotavit, 2 ff. not numbered.

Index quartus Glossarius, Estq́ue vocum exoticarum, quas Autor ipse interpretatus est, 1 half p.

Emendanda in Marco Paulo Veneto, quaeq́; ad hunc pertinent: aut ad eadem Addenda, 1 f. not numbered.

Haithoni Armeni ‖ Historia ori-‖entalis: ‖ Qvae eadem & De Tartaris ‖ inscribitur. ‖ Anno ‖ CIↃ. IↃC. LXXI, 2 ff. not numbered + pp. 107.

[Errata] 2 pp. not numbered.

Index, 7 pp. not numbered.

Andreae Mülleri, ‖ Greiffenhagii, ‖ Disquisitio ‖ Geographica & Historica, ‖ De ‖ Chataja, ‖ In Quâ ‖ I. Praecipuè Geographorum nobilis ‖ illa Controversia: Quaenam Chataja sit, & an ‖ sit idem ille terrarum tractus, quem Sinas, & vul-‖ gó Chinam vocant, aut pars ejus aliqua? ‖ latissimè tractatur; ‖ 2. Eâdem verò operâ pleraque rerum, quae unquam ‖ de Chataja, deq́ue Sinis memorabilia ‖ fuerunt, atque etiam nunc sunt, compendiosè ‖ enarrantur. ‖—Ecclesiastae I. v. 15. ‖: לתסטת תסות לא יוכל ‖ Senec. de Beneficiis VI. I. ‖ Etiam quod discere supervacuum est prodest ‖ cognoscere. ‖ —Berolini, Typis Rungianis. ‖ Anno M. DC. LXX, 2 ff. not numbered + pp. 115 on 2 col.

C.—Italian Editions.

14.—1. Marco Polo da Venie ‖ sia de le merauegliose ‖ cose del Mondo.

Below this title the mark of the printer Sessa: a cat holding a mouse in its mouth with the initials I and B on the right and on the left of the coat of arms (with a ducal crown above) which exhibits this group, and S at foot. Verso of f. 83:

Finisse lo libro de Marco Polo da Venie ‖ sia dele merauegliose cose del mōdo Im ‖ presso in Venetia per zoanne Baptista ‖ da Sessa Milanese del M. ccccxcvi. ‖ adi. xiii. del mese de Iunio regnā ‖ do lo Illustrissimo Principe Au ‖ gustino Barbadico inclyto ‖ Duce di Venetia.

Recto of folio 84: “Registro. a b c d e f g h i k l Tutti questi sono quaderni excepto l chie duerno”; audessous le monogramme de l’imprimeur en blanc sur fond noir.—Verso of folio 84 is blank.

The copy which I have examined is in the Grenville Library, No. 6666. It is in fine condition and complete, notwithstanding what the Sobolewski Sale Catalogue says to the contrary (No. 1730): it is a small 8vo ff. 84; each quire containing, as is indicated by the register, eight sheets, except quire l, which has but four.

Grenville added to his copy the following note: “This appears to be the first edition printed in the original Italian.—The Abbé Morelli who sent me this book from Venice had found great difficulty in procuring a copy for the Library of St. Marc.—Panzer III. 396, refers only to the mention made of it by Denis. Supp. I, p^e 415. I know of no other copy in England....”

Lazari, p. 460, says: “Prima e rarissima edizione del compendio veneziano. Un capitolo che parla di Trebisonda, tratto dal viaggio di Fr. Odorico, precede il testo del Polo mutilo e scorrettissimo: quel capitolo non forma però parte d’esso, come nelle molte ristampe di questo compendio.”

See Odoric de Pordenone, par Henri Cordier, p. 9.

Ternaux-Compans (29) mentions an edition of Sessa of 1486, which does not seem to exist.

15—2. Marco Polo da Vene ‖ sia de le maraueliose ‖ cose del Mondo. ‖ Small 8vo.; 64 ff. non chif., sig. a—i: a—g by 8 = 56 ff., h and i by 4 = 8 ff., total 64 ff.

Collation:

Recto 1st f.: border; vignette; above the vig. title ut supra.

Verso 1st f. begins: Tractato delle più maraueliose cose e delle piu notabile: che si ri ‖ trouano nelle ꝑte del mōdo. Re ‖ dutte & racolte sotto breuita ...

Recto f. 64: Impressa la presente opera per el Venerabile mi ‖ ser pre Batista da Farfengo nella Magnifica cita de ‖ Bressa. adi. xx. December. M. CCCCC. ‖

“Ristampa dell’edizione 1496, leggiermente modificata nella introduzione. Rarissima.” (Lazari, p. 460.)

16.—3. Marco Polo da Veniesia ‖ de le marauegliose co= ‖ se del Mondo. small 8vo, 56 ff. not numbered, sig. a—g by 8.

Collation: title ut supra: Printer’s mark: a cat holding a mouse in its mouth, M O on the sides; S at foot.—Ends, recto f. 56;

Impresso in Venetia per Melchior Sessa. An‖no Dñi. M. CCCCC VIII. Adi. xxi. zugno.

17.—4. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano ‖ in CVI si tratta le meravi‖gliose cose del mondo per lui uedute: del costu=‖me di uarij paesi, dello stranio uiuere di ‖ quelli; della descrittione de diuersi ‖ animali, e del trouar dell’o=‖ro, dell’argento, e delle ‖ pietre preciose, co=‖sa non men uti‖le, che bel‖la. [Vignette.] ‖ In Venetia, 8vo; 56 ff. n. ch., sig. a—g by 8.

At the end: Finite é lo libro de Marco Polo da Venetia delle: ‖ marauegliose cose del mondo. ‖ In Venetia per Matthio Pagan, in Frezaria, ‖ al segno della Fede. 1555.

“Ristampa dell’edizione 1496. La edizione 1555 fu riprodotta dello stesso Mathio Pagan senza data.” (Lazari, p. 463.)

A copy s. d. exists in the Grenville Library (304. a. 23), this is the title of it:

18.—5. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano. ‖ In cvi si tratta le meravi‖gliose cose del mondo per lui uedute, del costu‖me di uarij paesi, dello stranio uiuere di ‖ quelli; della descrittione de diuersi ‖ animali, e del trouar dell’oro ‖ dell’argento, e delle pie‖tre preciose, cosa ‖ non men utile, ‖ che bel‖la. In Venetia. s. d., 8vo., 56 ff. not numbered, sig. a—g by 8. At the end: In Venetia per Mathio Pagan, in Freza‖ria, al Segno della Fede.—On the title M. Pagan’s mark.

19.—6.

Opera stampata nouamē‖te delle marauigliose co=‖se del mondo: comin=‖ciādo da Leuante a ponente fin al me‖zo di. El mondo nouo & isole & lo=‖chi incogniti & siluestri abondā‖ti e sterili & doue abōda loro ‖ & largento & Zoglie & p̄ie ‖ tre p̄ciose & animali & ‖ mōstri spaurosi & do‖ue manzano car=‖ne humana e ‖ i gesti & vi=‖uer & co=‖stumi ‖ de quelli paesi cosa certamēte molto cu=‖riosa de intendere & sapere.

Small 8vo, 56 ff. not numbered, sig. a—g by 8. At foot of recto f. 56:

Finito lo libro de Marco Polo da Venetia de le ‖ marauegliose cose del mondo. ‖

Stampata in Venetia per Paulo Danza Anno. ‖ Dñi M. D. xxxiij. Adi 10 Febraro. ‖

Reprint of the 1496 edition.

20.—7. De i Viaggi di Messer Marco Polo Gentil’hvomo Venetiano (Ramusio, II, 1606.)

See the former editions of Ramusio.

21.—8. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano, ‖ Delle Merauiglie del Mondo ‖ per lui vedute; ‖ Del Costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio ‖ viuer di quelli. ‖ Della Descrittione de diuersi Animali. ‖ Del trouar dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. ‖ Delle Pietre Preciose. ‖ Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. ‖ Di nouo Ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine ‖ suo vero nel dire. ‖ In Treuigi, Ad instantia di Aurelio Reghet‖tini Libraro. M DXC. 8vo, 57 ff. numbered, a−g ✕ 8 = 56 ff. + h ✕ 1 = 57 ff.; vignette on the title; 1 wood-cut, not inserted in the text.

The wood-cut is not to be found in the copy of the British Museum, G bbb 8.

22.—9. Marco Polo Venetiano, Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per lui vedute; Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuer di quelli. Della Descrittione de diuersi Animali. Del trouar Dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. Delle Pietre Preciose. Cosa non meno vtile, che bella, Di nouo Ristampato, & Osseruato l’ordine suo vero nel dire. In Venetia, Appresso Marco Claseri, M DXCVII, 8vo, pp. 128; no cut.

23.—10. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano, ‖ Delle Maraviglie del Mondo ‖ per lui vedute. ‖ Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuer ‖ di quelli. ‖ Della Descrittione de diuersi Animali. ‖ Del trouar dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. ‖ Delle Pietre Pretiose. ‖ Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. ‖ Di nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo ‖ vero nel dire. ‖ [fleuron] In Venetia, M DCII. ‖ Appresso Paolo Vgolino, small 8vo pp. 104; no cut.

Page 104: Finito è lo Libro di Marco Polo da Venetia delle ‖ Marauigliose cose del Mondo.

This edition differs from the following bearing the same date:

24.—11. Marco Polo Venetiano, Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per lui vedute. Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuere di quelli. Della Descritione de diuersi Animali. Del trouar Dell’oro, & dell’Argento. Delle Pietre Preciose. Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. Di nouo Risstampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo vero nel dire. In Venetia. M DCII. Appresso Paulo Vgolino, 8vo, pp. 128; on the title, vig. exhibiting David carrying the head of Goliath; no cut.

25.—12. Marco Polo Venetiano, Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per lui vedute. Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuer di quelli. Della Descrittione de diuersi Animali. Dell trouar dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. Delle Pietre Preciose. Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. Di nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo vero nel dire. Con licenza de’ Superiori, & Priuilegio. In Venetia, M.DC. XXVI. Appresso Ghirardo, & Iseppo Imberti, small 8vo, pp. 128; 1 wood-cut, not inserted in the text.

26.—13. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano. ‖ Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per ‖ lui vedute. ‖ Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuer di quelli. ‖ De la Descrittione de diuersi Animali. ‖ Del trouar dell’Oro, & de l’Argento. ‖ Delle Pietre preciose. ‖ Cosa non meno utile, che bella. ‖ Di nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine ‖ suo vero nel dire. ‖ In Venetia, & poi in Treuigi per Angelo Righettini. 1267 [read 1627]. ‖ Con Licenza de’ Superiori, small 8vo, pp. 128; 1 wood-cut, not inserted in the text.

27.—14. Marco Polo ‖ Venetiano. ‖ Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per ‖ lui vedute. ‖ Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello stranio viuer di quelli. ‖ De la Descrittione de diuersi Animali. ‖ Del trouar dell’Oro, & de l’Argento. ‖ Delle Pietre preciose. ‖ Cosa non meno utile, che bella. Di nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo ‖ vero nel dire. ‖ In Treuigi, Appresso Girolamo Righettini: 1640. ‖ Con Licenza de’ Superiori, small 8vo, 128 pages with a vignette on the title, printer’s mark; wood-cut f. 2 verso.

28.—15.—* In Trevigi M. DC. LVII., appresso Girolamo Righettini, 8vo.

29.—16. Marco Polo Venetiano. Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per lui vedute. I. Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello strano viuer di quelli. II. De la Descrittione de diuersi Animali. III. Del trouar dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. IV. Delle Pietre pretiose. Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. Si nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo vero nel dire. In Trevigi, Per il Righettini. M. DC. LXV. Con Licenza de’ Svperiori, small 8vo, 128 pp. with a wood-cut.

30.—17. Marco Polo Venetiano Delle Merauiglie del Mondo per lui vedute. I. Del costume di varij Paesi, & dello strano viuer di quelli. II. Della Descrittione de diuersi Animali. III. Del trouar dell’Oro, & dell’Argento. IV. Delle Pietre pretiose. Cosa non meno vtile, che bella. Di nuouo ristampato, & osseruato l’ordine suo vero nel dire. In Trevigi, Per il Reghettini. M. DC. LXXII. Con Licenza de’ Svperiori, small 8vo. pp. 128; 1 cut not inserted in the text.

These various editions are reprints of the text of 1496.

31.—18. Il Milione ‖ di Marco Polo ‖ Testo di lingua ‖ del secolo decimoterzo ‖ ora per la prima volta ‖ pubblicato ed illustrato ‖ dal Conte ‖ Gio. Batt. Baldelli Boni. ‖ Tomo primo ‖ Firenze ‖ Da’ Torchi di Giuseppe Pagani ‖ M. DCCCXXVII. ‖ Con approv. e privilegio, 4to, pp. xxxii.−clxxv.−234 + 1 f. not numbered for the index.

Indice: Vita di Marco Polo, P. i.—Sommario Cronologico della Vita del Polo, P. xxv.—Storia del Milione, P. i.—Illustrazione della Tela del Salone dello Scudo, P. cv.—Descrizione dell’Atlante Cinese, posseduto dalla Magliabechiana, P. cix.—Schiarimento relativo all’età dell’Atlante Cinese, P. cxxi.—Notizia dei Manoscritti del Milione, di cui si è fatto uso nell’Opera, o veduti, o fatti riscontrare, P. cxxiii.—Della Porcellana. Discorso, P. cxxxvii.—Del Portulano Mediceo, e delle Scoperte dei Genovesi nell’Atlantico. Discorso, P. cliii.—Voci del Milione di Marco Polo, citate dal Vocabolario della Crusca, P. clxxiii.—Voci tratte dal Testo del Polo, e da citarsi dal Vocabolario della Crusca, P. clxxiv. —Il Milione di Marco Polo, Testo Della Crusca, P. i.

—Il Milione ‖ di ‖ Messer Marco Polo ‖ Viniziano ‖ Secondo la lezione Ramusiana ‖ illustrato e comentato ‖ dal Conte ‖ Gio. Batt. Baldelli Boni ‖ Tomo Secondo ‖ Firenze ‖ Da’ Torchi di Giuseppe Pagani ‖ M DCCC XXVII. ‖ Con approv. e privilegio, 4to, pp. xxvi.–514 + 2 ff. n. ch.

Indice: Dichiarazione al Libro Primo, P. 1.—Proemio di Fra Pipino al Milione, P. 3.—Testo Ramusiano del Milione. Libro Primo, P. 5—Dichiarazione al Libro Secondo, per rischiarare le Legazioni di Marco Polo, P. 147.—Libro Secondo, P. 153.—Dichiarazione alla parte seconda del Libro Secondo. Delia Lingua Cinese, P. 223.—Libro Terzo, P. 357.—Aggiunte e Correzioni, P. 481.

—Storia ‖ delle ‖ Relazioni vicendevoli ‖ Dell’Europa e dell’Asia ‖ dalla Decadenza di Roma ‖ fino alla ‖ distruzione del Califfato ‖ del Conte ‖ Gio. Batt. Baldelli Boni. ‖ Parte Prima ‖ Firenze ‖ Da’ Torchi di Giuseppe Pagani ‖ M DCCC XXVII. ‖ Con approv. e privilegio, 4to, 4 ff. n. c. for the tit. and the ded.: “A Sua Altezza Imperiale e Reale Leopoldo Secondo Principe Imperiale d’Austria ...” + pp. 466.

—Parte Seconda ‖ Firenze ‖ Da’ Torchi di Giuseppe Pagani ‖ M DCCC XXVII. ‖ Con approv. e privilegio, 4to, pp. 467 to 1004 + 1 f. n. ch.

Eighty copies of Baldelli-Boni’s work were printed on large paper, and two on vellum.

Two maps generally bound apart accompany the work.

32.—19. I Viaggi in Asia in Africa, nel mare dell’Indie descritti nel secolo XIII da Marco Polo Veneziano. Testo di lingua detto Il Milione illustrato con annotazioni. Venezia, dalla tipografia di Alvisopoli, M DCCC XXIX, 2 parts, 8vo, pp. xxi + 1–189, 195–397.

“Ristampa del Testo di Crusca procurata da B. Gamba il quale vi appose piccole note a pie di pagina.” (Lazari, p. 470.)

“Il en a été tiré 100 exemplaires, in-8, auxquels est jointe la carte géographique qui fait partie de l’ouvrage de Zurla. Il y en a aussi des exemplaires in-8, très grand Pap., et sur des papiers de différentes couleurs.” (Brunet.)

33.—20. Il Libro di Marco Polo intitolato il Milione. (Relazioni di Viaggiatori, Venezia, co’ tipi del Gondoliere, M DCCC XLI, I, pp. 1–231.)

Reprint of the Crusca Text.—See Baldelli-Boni, supra 31–18.

Gondoliere’s Collection form vol. i. and ii. of the class XI. of the Biblioteca classica italiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti disposta e illustrata da Luigi Carrer.

34.—21. I Viaggi in Asia in Africa, nel mare dell’Indie descritti nel secolo XIII da Marco Polo Veneziano testo di lingua detto Il Milione illustrato con annotazioni. Volume unico. Parma, per Pietro Fiaccadori, M DCCC XLIII, Small 8vo, pp. iv.–308.

Reprint of the Crusca Text.

35.—22. I Viaggi in Asia, in Africa, nel mare dell’Indie descritti nel secolo XIII da Marco Polo Veneziano. Testo di lingua detto Il Milione. Udine, Onofrio Turchetto, Tip. edit. 1851, 16mo, pp. x.–207.

36.—23. I Viaggi ‖ di ‖ Marco Polo ‖ Veneziano ‖ tradotti per la prima volta dall’originale francese ‖ di Rusticiano di Pisa ‖ e corredati d’illustrazioni e di documenti ‖ da Vincenzo Lazari ‖ pubblicati per cura ‖ di Ludovico Pasini ‖ membro eff. e segretario dell’I. R. Istituto Veneto. ‖ Venezia ‖ M DCCC XLVII, 8vo, pp. lxiv.–484, map.

Verso of the title: “Coi Tipi di Pietro Naratovitch.”

See pp. 447–471, Bibliografia.—Pp. 473–484, Indice Alfabetico delle Materie.

37.—24. I Viaggi di Marco Polo secondo la lezione del Codice Magliabechiano più antico reintegrati col testo francese a stampa per cura di Adolfo Bartoli. Firenze, Felice Le Monnier, 1863, small 8vo, pp. lxxxiii.–439.

38.—25. Il Milione ossia Viaggi in Asia, in Africa e nel Mar delle Indie descritti nel secolo XIII da Marco Polo Veneziano. Torino, Tip. dell’oratorio di S. Franc. di Sales, 1873, 32mo, pp. 280.

Biblioteca della Gioventù Italiana.

39.—26. Giulio Verne. I Viaggi di Marco Polo unica versione originale fedelmente riscontrata sub codice Magliabeccano e sulle opere di Charton per cura di Ezio Colombo. Volume Unico. Milano, Serafino Muggiani e Comp., 1878, 16mo, pp. 143.

The frontispiece is a coarse wood-cut exhibiting Marco Polo; this vol. is part of a popular Collection of Travels.

40.—27. Marco Polo.—I Viaggi secondo la lezione del codice Magliabechiano più antico. Milano, Sonzogno, 1886, 16mo.

See supra 37–24.

D.—Portuguese Edition.

41.—1. Marco ‖ Paulo. ¶ Ho liuro de Nycolao veneto. ¶ O trallado da carta de huũ genoues das ditas terras. ¶ Cõ priuilegio del Rey nosso senhor q̃ nenhuũ faça a impres ‖ sam deste liuro. nẽ ho venda em todollos se’ regnos

senho=‖rios sem liçẽça de Valentim fernãdez so pena cõteuda na car ‖ ta do seu preuilegio. Ho preço delle. Cento

dez reaes. folio of 106 ff.

Collation: 8 prel. ff. n. chiff., and 98 ff. numbered.

Recto 1^st f.: Titre ut supra.—Vignette showing a sphere.

Verso 2^d f.:

Começase a epistola sobre a tralladaça do liuro de ‖ Marco paulo. Feita per Valẽtym fernãdez escudey ‖ ro da excellentissima Raynha Dona Lyanor. Ende ‖ rençada ao Serenissimo

Inuictissimo Rey

Sen ‖hor Dom Emanuel o primeiro. Rey de Portugal

‖ dos Alguarues. daquẽ

alem mar em Africa. Sen ‖ hor de Buynee. E da conquista da nauegaçom

co‖mercio de Ethiopia. Arabia. Persia.

da India.

Recto 7^th f.: Começase a tauoa dos capitulos do liuro Primeyro.

Recto 1^st f. chif.:

Começase ho Liuro Primeiro de Marco paulo ‖ de Veneza das condiçoões

custumes das gẽtes ‖

das terras

prouincias orientaes. E prime y ra‖mente de como

em que maneyra Dom Marco=‖ paulo de Veneza

Dom Maffeo seu irmaão se pas‖sarom aas partes do oriente; vig. repres. a galley; border.

Verso f. 77: End of Marco Polo.

Recto f. 78: Nicolo Conti.

Verso f. 95: End of Nicolo Conti.

Recto f. 96: A Carta do genoues.

Verso f. 98:

Acabase ho liuro de Marco paulo. cõ ho liuro de Nicolao ve=‖neto ou veneziano.

assi mesmo ho trallado de hũa carta de huũ ‖ genoues mercador. que todos escreuerõ das Indias. a seruiço ‖ de d’s.

auisamẽto daquelles q̃ agora vam pera as ditas Indias ‖ Aos quaes rogo

peço humilmente q̃ benignamẽte queirã emẽ‖dar

correger ho que menos acharẽ no escreuer. s. nos vocabul’ ‖ das prouincias. regnos. çidades. ylhas.

outras cousas muytas ‖

nõ menos em a distãcia das legoas de hũa terra p̱a outra. Im=‖ primido per Valentym fernãdez alemaão. Em a muy nobre çida ‖ de Lyxboa. Era de Mil

quinhentos

dous annos. Aos. qua‖tro dias do mes de Feureyro.—At the top, printer’s mark.

A detailed description of this edition is to be found in Figanière’s Bibliographia, No. 947.

E.—Spanish Editions.

42.—1. Cosmographia ‖ breue introdu‖ctoria en el libro ‖ d’ Marco paulo. ‖—El libro del famoso Marco paulo ‖ veneciano d’las cosas marauillosas ‖ q̃ vido enlas partes oriẽtales. cõuie ‖ ne saber enlas Indias. Armenia. A‖rabia. Persia

Tartaria. E d’l pode ‖ rio d’l grã Cā y otros reyes. Cō otro ‖ tratado de micer Pogio florētino q̄ ‖ trata delas mesmas tierras

yslas.

Folio; 2 col.; 34 ff. numbered and 4 prel. ff. not numbered.

On the title page 4 woodcuts exhibiting:
Marc paulo.
Micer pogio.
S. Domingo, ēla ysla Isabela.
Calicu.

—The 4 prelim. ff. contain:
—Recto 1 f.: Title.
—Verso 1 f.: Prologo primero.
—F. 2 and 3: Maestre Rodrigo al lector.
—F. 4: Tabla de los capitulos.

—Marco Polo, ff. ¹⁄₂₆.

—Tratado de Micer Pogio, ff. 27-recto f. 27 [read 34].

—Last f. v. [numbered xxvij erroneously for xxxiv.]

“Acabase el libro del famoso Marco paulo vene‖ciano el q̃l cuēta de todas las tierras prouīcias

; islas delas Indias. Arabia ‖ Persia Armenia y Tartaria y d’las cosas marauillosas que enellas se ha‖llan assi mesmo el grā señorio y riquezas del gran Can de Catayo se‖ñor delos tartaros | añadido en fin vn tratado breue de micer Pogio ‖ florentino el qual el mesmo escriuio por mandado de eugenio papa ‖ quarto deste nombre por relacion de vn Nicolao [Conti] veneciano el ‖ qual assi mesmo auia andado las ꝑtidas oriẽtales

; de otros ‖ testigos dinos d’ fe como por el parece fiel mēte trasladado ‖ en lengua castellana por el reuerēdo señor maestre Rodri‖go de santa ella | Arcediano de reyna y canonigo ēla sā ‖ ta yglesia de Seuilla. El q̄l se ēprimio por Lā [?] alao ‖ polono y Jacome Crōberger alemano ēla muy ‖ noble y muy leal ciudad d’Seuilla. Año de ‖ mil

; q’ niẽtos y tres a. xxviij. dias d’mayo.”

43.—2.

Libro del famoso Marco ‖ Polo veneciano delas cosas maraui‖llosas q̄ vido enlas partes orien=‖tales: conuiene saber enlas ‖ Indias | Armenia | Ara‖bia | Persia |

; Tarta‖ria. Edel poderio ‖ del gran Can y ‖ otros reyes. ‖ Con otro ‖ tratado ‖ de mi‖cer ‖ Pogio Florentino

; trata ‖ delas mesmas tie=‖rras

; islas. s. l. n. d., fol.; 2 col. [Logroño, 1529].

Collation: 4 prel. ff. not numbered + signatures a—d × 8 = 32 ff.; in all 36 ff.

F. 1. v.: Prologo del Interprete.—f. 2 r. Cosmographia introductoria.—f. 3. v.: Tabla—f. 4 v.: Fin dela Tabla.—32 numbered f. follow: F. i.—Begins: Libro de Marco Polo Veneciano ‖ (col. 1.)

Aqui comiença vn ‖ libro que trata delas cosas marauillosas ‖ que el noble varon micer Marco Polo de ‖ Venecia vido enlas partes de Oriente.

Ends: recto f. xxxij: La presente obra del famoso Marco ‖ Polo veneciano q̃ fue traduzida fielmẽte de lengua veneciana en ‖ castellano por el reuerẽdo señor maestre Rodrigo Arcedia‖no de reyna y canonigo enla yglesia de Seuilla. ‖ Fue impressa y corregida de nueuo enla ‖ muy constante y leal civdad de ‖ Logroño en casa d’Mi‖guel de eguia ‖ a treze ‖ de junio de mill

qui‖nientos y. xx.

nueue. ‖

“Cette édition de 1529, says Brunet est fort rare: 2 liv. 9 sh. Heber; 210 flor. Butsch, et 130 fr. en 1859.—Il y en a une plus ancienne de Séville, Cromberger, 1520 in-fol., que cite Panzer d’après Vogt.”

Lazari says of this edition of 1520, p. 461: “Di estrema rarità. Questa traduzione è tratta da un antico testo italiano: l’autore n’é Maestro Rodrigo de Santaella.”

44.—3. Historia ‖ de las Gran-‖dezas y Cosas ‖ marauillosas de las Prouin-‖cias Orientales. ‖ Sacada de Marco Pavlo ‖ Veneto, y traduzida de Latin en Romance, y aña-‖ dida en muchas partes por Don Martin de Bolea ‖ y Castro, Varon de Clamosa, ‖ señor de la Villa de ‖ Sietamo. ‖ Dirigida a Don Beltran de ‖ la Cueba, Duque de Alburquerque, Marques de ‖ Cuellar, Conde de Ledesma y Guelma, Lugar-‖ teniente, y Capitan General por su Ma-‖gestad, en el Reyno de ‖ Aragon. ‖ Con Licencia, en Caragoça. ‖ Por Angelo Tauano, Año. M. DCI, 8vo, 8 ff. n. ch. + 163 ff. + 8 ff. n. ch. for the tab. and errata. Last f. n. ch. verso: En Caragoça ‖ Por Angelo Tauano ‖ Año. 1601.

45.—4. Biblioteca universal. Coleccion de los Mejores autores antiguos y modernos, nacionales y extranjeros. Tomo LXVI. Los Viages de Marco Polo veneciano. Madrid. Direccion y administracion, 1880, 16mo, pp. 192.

“La edicion que hemos tenido principalmente à la vista, para formar este volúmen de nuestra Biblioteca, es la de Ludovico Pasini, Venecia 1847.”

F.—French Editions.

46.—1. La ‖ description geo-‖graphiqve des Provinces ‖ & villes plus fameuses de l’Inde Orientale, meurs, ‖ loix, & coustumes des habitans d’icelles, mesme-‖ment de ce qui est soubz la domination du grand ‖ Cham Empereur des Tartares. ‖ Par Marc Paule gentilhomme Venetien, ‖ Et nouuellement reduict en ‖ vulgaire François. ‖ [mark] A Paris, ‖ Pour Vincent Sertenas tenant sa boutique au Palais en la gallerie par ‖ ou on va a la Chacellerie. Et en larue neuue Nostre dame à ‖ l’image sainct Iehan l’Euangeliste. ‖ 1556. ‖ Avec Privilege dv Roy, ‖ 4to, 10 prel. f. not numbered + 123 ff. numbered + 1 f. not numbered.

Sommaire dv Privilege du Roy (verso of title).—Epistle “A Adrian de Lavnay sei‖gneur de sainct Germain le Vieil, Viconte de ‖ sainct Siluain, Notaire & Secretaire ‖ du Roy.” F. G. L. S.—De Paris ce xviii. iour d’Aoust 1556, 3 pages.—Preface av lectevr par F. G. L., 5 pages.—Table, 8 pages.—Pièces de vers 2 pages at the beginning and an advertisement (1 page) at the end.

Begins page 1: “Lors que Bauldoyn Prince Chre‖stien tãt fameux & renommé tenoit ‖ l’Empire de Constãtinople, assavoir ‖ en l’an de l’incarnation de nostre ‖ Saulueur mil deux cens soixante & ‖ neuf, deux nobles & prudẽs citoyẽs ‖ de Venise....”

Verso of last f. not numbered, the mark of Vincent Sertenas.

Oldest edition in French.

Marsden and Yule believe that it has been translated from the Latin of the Novus Orbis.

47.—2. Same title. A Paris, ‖ Pour Estienne Groulleau, demourant en la rue neuue Nostre ‖ dame, à l’image sainct Iehan Baptiste. ‖ 1556. ‖ Avec privilege dv Roy, 4to.

Same edition with a different bookseller.

48.—3. La Description geographique ... de l’Inde Orientale ... Par Marc Paule ... ‖ A Paris, ‖ Pour Jehan Longis tenant sa boutique au Palais en la gallerie par ‖ ou on va à la Chancellerie. ‖ 1556.‖ Auec Priuilege du Roy. 4to.

Same edition as Sertenas’ with the privilege of this bookseller. A copy is marked in the Catalogue des livres ... de ... James de Rothschild, II, Paris, 1887, No. 1938. M. E. Picot remarks that the Preface by F. G. L., as well as the motto Inter utrumque belong to François Gruget, Lochois, who in the same year edited with the same booksellers the Dodechedron de Fortune.

49.—4. Les ‖ Voiages ‖ très-curieux & fort remarquables, ‖ Achevées par toute ‖ l’Asie, Tartarie, Mangi, Japon, ‖ les ‖ Indes orientales, iles adjacentes, ‖ & l’Afrique, ‖ Commencées l’An 1252. ‖ Par Marc Paul, Venitien, ‖ Historien recommandable pour sa fidelité. ‖ Qui contiennent une Relation très-exacte des Païs Orientaux: ‖ Dans laquelle il décrit très exactement plusieurs Païs & Villes, lesquelles ‖ Lui même a Voiagées & vües la pluspart: & où il nous enseigne briévement ‖ les Mœurs & Coutumes de ces Peuples, avant ce tems là inconnues aux ‖ Européens; ‖ Comme aussi l’origine de la puissance des Tartares, quand à leurs Conquêtes ‖ de plusieurs Etats ou Païs dans la Chine, ici clairement proposée & expliquée. ‖ Le tout divisé en III. Livres, ‖ Conferé avec un Manuscrit de la Bibliotheque de S. A. E. de Brandebourg, ‖ & enrichi de plusieurs Notes & Additions tirées du dit Manuscrit, ‖ de l’Edition de Ramuzio, de celle de Purchas, ‖ & de celle de Vitriare.

Form a part of 43 and 185 col. in vol. ii. of Voyages faits principalement en Asie ... par Pierre Bergeron. A la Haye, Chez Jean Neaulme M. DCC. XXXV, in-4.

After André Müller Greiffenhag.

Remark on the title-page the date of the voyage 1252! In the text, col. 6, it is marked 1272.

50.—5. Marco Polo—Un Vénitien chez les Chinois avec étude biographique et littéraire par Charles Simond. Paris, Henri Gautier, s. d. [1888], pp^t. 8vo, pp. 32.

Forms No. 122 of Nouvelle Bibliothèque populaire à 10 Cent. Besides a short biographical notice, it contains Bergeron’s Text.

51.—6. Voyages de Marco Polo. Première partie. Introduction, Texte. Glossaire et Variantes.

Introduction, pp. xi.–liv. [by Roux.]

Voyage de Marc Pol, pp. 1–288—Table des Chapitres, pp. 289–296. [Published from MS. 7367 of the Bibliothèque nationale.]

Peregrinatio Marci Pauli. Ex Manuscripto Bibliothecae Regiae, N^o 3195 f°, pp. 297–494—Index Capitum, pp. 495–502.

Glossaire des mots hors d’usage, pp. 503–530 [by Méon].

Errata, pp. 531–532.

Variantes et Tableau comparatif des noms propres et des noms de lieux cités dans les voyages de Marco Polo, pp. 533–552.

(Vol. i. 1824, of the Recueil de Voyages, de la Société de géographie de Paris.)

—Rapport sur la Publication des Voyages de Marco Polo, fait au nom de la section de publication, par M. Roux, rapporteur. (Bull. de la Soc. de Géog., I. 1822, pp. 181–191.)

—Itinéraires à Jérusalem et Descriptions de la Terre Sainte rédigés en français aux xi^e, xii^e, & xiii^e siècles publiés par Henri Michelant & Gaston Raynaud. Genève, Fick, 1882, in-8.

Voyage des Polo, pp. xxviii.–xxix.—Ext. of MS. fr. 1116 are given, pp. 201–212, et of the version called after Thiébault de Cépoy, pp. 213–226.

The Fr. MS. 1116, late 7367, has been reproduced by photography (including the binding, a poor modern one in calf!) at Karlsruhe this year (1902) under the title:

—Le divisiment dou monde de Messer March Pol de Venece.—Die Handschrift Fonds Français No. 1116 der National bibliothek zu Paris photographisch aufgenommen auf der Gr. Hof- und Landesbibliothek zu Karlsruhe von Dr. A. Steiner.—Karlsruhe. Hof-Buchdruckerei Friedrich Gutsch. 1902, in-4.

Has No. Impr. 5210 in the National Library, Paris.

52.—7. Marco Polo. (Charton, Voy. anc. et mod., II. pp. 252–440.)

Modernized Text of the Geographical Society.—Notes, Bibliography, etc.

53.—8. 忽必烈樞密副使博羅本書

—Le livre ‖ de ‖ Marco Polo ‖ citoyen de Venise ‖ Conseiller privé et commissaire impérial ‖ de ‖ Khoubilaï-Khaân; ‖ rédigé en français sous sa dictée en 1298 ‖ par Rusticien de Pise; ‖ Publié pour la première fois d’après trois manuscrits inédits de la Bibliothèque impériale de Paris, ‖ présentant la rédaction primitive du Livre, revue par Marc Pol lui-même et donnée par lui, en 1307, à Thiébault de Cépoy, ‖ accompagnée des variantes, de l’explication des mots hors d’usage, et de Commentaires géographiques et historiques, ‖ tirés des écrivains orientaux, principalement chinois, avec une Carte générale de l’Asie; ‖ par ‖ M. G. Pauthier. ‖—Paris ‖ Librairie de Firmin Didot.... M. DCCC. LXV, 2 parts, large 8vo.

—Polo (Marco) par G. Pauthier.

Extrait de la Nouvelle Biographie générale, publiée par MM. Firmin Didot frères et fils. Ppt. 8vo, on 2 col.

—A Memoir of Marco Polo, the Venetian Traveller to Tartary and China [translated from the French of M. G. Pauthier]. (Chin. & Jap. Rep., Sept. & Oct. 1863.)

54.—9. Les Récits de Marco Polo citoyen de Venise sur l’histoire, les mœurs et les coutumes des Mongols, sur l’empire Chinois et ses merveilles; sur Gengis-Khan et ses hauts faits; sur le Vieux de la Montagne; le Dieu des idolâtres, etc. Texte original français du XIII^e siècle rajeuni et annoté par Henri Bellenger. Paris, Maurice Dreyfous, s. d., 18mo, pp. iv–280.

55.—10. Le Livre de Marco Polo—Facsimile d’un manuscrit du XIV^e siècle conservé à la Bibliothèque royale de Stockholm, 4to, 4 ff. n. c. for the title ut supra and preface + 100 ff. n. c. [200 pages] of text facsimile.

We read on the verso of the title-page: “Photolithographie par l’Institut lithographique de l’Etat-Major—Typographie par l’Imprimerie centrale—Stockholm, 1882.”—We learn from the preface by the celebrated A. E. Nordenskiöld, that 200 copies, two of which on parchment have been printed. In the preface is printed a letter, Paris, 22nd Nov. 1881, written by M. Léopold Delisle, which shows that the Stockholm MS. belonged to the library of the King of France, Charles V. (who had five copies of Polo’s Book) and had No. 317 in the Inventory of 1411; it belonged to the Louvre, to Solier of Honfleur, to Paul Petau when it was purchased by King Christina.

—Le “Livre de Marco Polo.” Facsimile d’un manuscrit du XIV^e siècle conservé à la Bibliothèque royale de Stockholm. Stockholm, 1882, in-4 (Signed: Léopold Delisle)—Nogent-le-Rotrou, imp. de Daupeley-Gouverneur. [1882], pp. 8vo.

Extrait de la Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes. t. xliii. 1882.—

This is a reprint of an article by M. Delisle in the Bib. de l’Éc. des Chartes, xliii. 1882, pp. 226–235.—see also p. 434.—M. G. Raynaud has also given a notice of this edition of Stockholm in Romania, xl. 1882, pp. 429–430, and Sir Henry Yule, in The Athenæum, 17th June, 1882, pp. 765–766.

—Il libro di Marco Polo facsimile d’un manoscritto del XIV secolo. Nota del prof. G. Pennesi. (Bol. Soc. Geog. Ital., 1882, pp. 949–950.)

—See Muret, Ernest, pp. 547 and 582.

G.—English Editions.

56.—1. The most noble ‖ and famous trauels of ‖ Marcus Paulus, one ‖ of the nobilitie of the state of ‖ Venice, into the East partes ‖ of the world, as Armenia, Per‖sia, Arabia, Tartary, with ‖ many other kingdoms ‖ and Prouinces. ‖ No lesse pleasant, than ‖ profitable, as appeareth ‖ by the Table, or Contents ‖ of this Booke. ‖ Most necessary for all sortes ‖ of Persons, and especially ‖ for Trauellers. ‖ Translated into English. ‖ At London, ‖ Printed by Ralph Nevvbery, ‖ Anno. 1579. Small 4to. pp. [28] + 167 + [1]. Sig. *-**** A—X.

Pp. 167 without the 28 first pages which contain the title (2 p.), the epistle of the translator, Iohn Frampton (2 p.). Maister Rothorigo to the Reader: An introduction into Cosmographie (10 pages), the Table of the Chapters (6 p.). The Prologue (8 p.).

57.—2. The first Booke of Marcvs Pavlvs Venetvs, or of Master Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice, his Voyages. (Purchas, His Pilgrimes. London, Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, ... 1625, Lib. I. Ch. iiii. pp. 65–108.)

After Ramusio.

58.—3. The Travels of Marco Polo, or Mark Paul, the Venetian, into Tartary, in 1272. (Astley’s Collection of Travels, IV. pp. 580–619).

French translation in l’Hist. Gén. des Voyages.

59.—4. Harris’s Navigantium atque Itin. Bib., ed. of 1715 and of 1744.

60.—5. The curious and remarkable Voyages and Travels of Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice who in the Middle of the thirteenth Century passed through a great part of Asia, all the Dominions of the Tartars, and returned Home by Sea through the Islands of the East Indies. [Taken chiefly from the accurate Edition of Ramusio, compared with an original Manuscript in His Prussian Majesty’s Library and with most of the Translations hitherto published.] (Pinkerton, VII. p. 101.)

61.—6. Marco Polo. Travels into China and the East, from 1260 to 1295. (Robert Kerr, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels.... Edinburgh, 1811–1824, vol. i.)

62.—7. The ‖ Travels ‖ of ‖ Marco Polo, ‖ a Venetian, ‖ in the Thirteenth Century: ‖ being a ‖ Description, by that early traveller, ‖ of ‖ remarkable places and things, ‖ in ‖ the ‖ Eastern Parts of the World. ‖ Translated from the Italian, ‖ with ‖ Notes, ‖ by William Marsden, F.R.S., &c. ‖ With a Map. ‖ London: ‖ M. DCCC. XVIII., large 4to, pp. lxxx.–782 + 1 f. n. ch. for the er.

The first 80 pages are devoted to a remarkable Introduction, in which are treated of various subjects enumerated on p. 782: Life of Marco Polo; General View of the Work; Choice of Text for Translation; Original Language, etc. There is an index, pp. 757–781.

63.—8. The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian. The Translation of Marsden revised, with a Selection of his Notes. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., etc. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854, small 8vo, pp. xxviii.–508.

64.—9. The Travels of Marco Polo ... By Hugh Murray ... Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd ... M. DCCC. XLIV, 8vo, pp. 368.

Vol. 38 of the Edinburgh Cabinet Library, published at 5s.

—Second Edition, ... Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd ... M DCCC XLIV, 8vo.

—The Travels of Marco Polo, greatly amended and enlarged from valuable early manuscripts recently published by the French Society of Geography, and in Italy by Count Baldelli Boni. With copious Notes, illustrating the routes and observations of the author and comparing them with those of more recent Travellers. By Hugh Murray, F.R.S.E. Two Maps and a Vignette. New York, Harper, 1845, 12mo, pp. vi–326.

—4th ed., Edinburg, s.a.

65.—10. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Newly Translated and edited, with Notes. By Colonel Henry Yule, C.B., late of the Royal Engineers (Bengal), Hon. Fellow of the Geographical Society of Italy. In two volumes. With Maps, and other Illustrations. London, John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1871, 2 vol. 8vo.

66.—11. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Newly translated and edited, with Notes, Maps, and other Illustrations. By Colonel Henry Yule, C.B., late of the Royal Engineers (Bengal) ... In two volumes. Second edition, revised. With the addition of new matter and many new illustrations. London: John Murray, 1875, 2 vols. 8vo.

—Marco Polo e il suo Libro del Colonnello Henry Yule, C.B. Por Guglielmo Berchet. (Archivio Veneto, II. 1871, pp. 124–174, 259–350.)

Contains a Translation of the Introductory Essay, etc.

—The Story of Marco Polo. With Illustrations. London, John Murray, 1898, 8vo, pp. xiv.–247.

Preface by Noah Brooks. “In his comments ... the author has made use of the erudite notes of Colonel Henry Yule....”

67.—12. Voyages and Travels of Marco Polo.—London, Cassell, 1886, 16mo, pp. 192.

The Preface is signed H. M[osley].—From Pinkerton.—Popular Edition. Cassell’s National Library.

H.—Dutch Editions.

—Die nieuvve vveerelt der Landtschappen ende Eylanden ... Gheprint Thantwerpen ... Anno. M.D. LXIII. folio.

Marcus Pauwels, f. xxvii.

68.—1. Markus Paulus Venetus ‖ Reisen, ‖ En ‖ Beschryving ‖ Der ‖ oostersche ‖ Lantschappen; ‖ Daar in hy naaukeuriglijk veel Landen en Steden, die hy zelf ten meestendeel ‖ bereist en bezichtigt heeft, beschrijft, de zeden en gewoonten van die Vol-‖ken, tot aan die tijt onbekent, ten toon stelt, en d’opkoomst van de Heer-‖schappy der Tartaren, en hun verövering van verscheide landen in Sina, ‖ met ander namen genoemt, bekent maakt. ‖ Beneffens de ‖ Historie ‖ Der ‖ oostersche Lantschappen, ‖ Door Haithon van Armenien te zamen gestelt. ‖ Beide nieuwelijks door J. H. Glazemaker vertaalt. ‖ Hier is noch by gevoegt De Reizen van Nicolaas Venetus, en ‖ Jeronymus van St. Steven naar d’oostersche Landen, en ‖ naar d’Indien. Door P.P. vertaalt. ‖ Als ook een Verhaal van de verovering van ’t Eilant Formosa, door ‖ de Sinezen; door J. V. K. B. vertaalt. ‖ Met Kopere Platen verciert. ‖ t’ Amsterdam, ‖ Voor Abraham Wolfgang, Boekverkoper, aan d’Opgang van de ‖ Beurs, by de Beurstooren, in ’t Geloof, 1664. 4to, 6 ff. not numbered for the tit., prf. + pp. 99 + 4 ff. not numbered for the tab. etc. of Marco Polo.

The other works have a special pagination.

I.—Tchèque Edition.

69.—1. Million Marka Pavlova. Fragment of the tchèque translation of the Berlin Museum. Prague, No. 3 F. 26, xvth cent., by an Anonym, Moravian? (Výbor z Literatury české, II. v Praze, 1868.)

70.—2. Pohledy do Velkorise mongolské v čas nejmocnejšího rozkvetu jejího za Kublaje kána. Na základe čestopisu Marka Polova podává A. J. Vrtatko. (Výnato z Časopisu Musea král. Českého 1873.) V Praze, J. Otto, 1873, 8vo, pp. 71.

M. A. Jarosl. Vrtatko has translated the whole of Marco Polo, but he has published only this fragment.

J.—Russian Editions.

71.—1. Марко Поло путешествіе въ 1286 году по Татаріи и другимъ странамь востока венеціанскаго дворянина Марко Поло, прозваннаго Милліонеромъ.—Три части.—St. Petersburg, 1873, 8vo, pp. 250.

72.—2. И. П. Минаевъ.—Путешествіе Марко Поло переводъ старофранцузскаго текста.—Изданіе Имп. Русскаго Геог. Общества подъ редакціей дѣйствительнаго члена В. В. Бартольда.—St. Petersburg, 1902, 8vo, pp. xxix + 1 f. + pp. 355.

Vol. xxvi. of the Zapiski of the Russian Geog. Society, translated from the French.

K.—Irish Edition.

73.—The Gaelic Abridgment of the Book of Ser Marco Polo. By Whitley Stokes. (Zeit. f. Celtische Philologie, 1 Bd., 2 & 3 Hft. Halle a. S. 1896–7, 8vo, pp. 245–273, 362–438.)

Book of Lismore.—See our Introduction, I. p. 103, note.

L.—Various Editions.

74.—1. The edition of Marco Polo in preparation by Klaproth is announced in the part of June, 1824 of the Journal Asiatique, pp. 380–381.

“M. Klaproth vient de terminer son travail sur Marco Polo, qui l’a occupé depuis plusieurs années....

“La nouvelle édition de Marco Polo, que notre confrère prépare, contiendra l’italien de Ramusio, complété, et des Notes explicatives en bas des pages. Elle sera accompagnée d’une Carte représentant les pays visités ou décrits par le célèbre Vénitien.”

—See also on this edition of Klaproth, the Bulletin des Sciences historiques, antiquités etc., juin 1824, art. 580; the Jour. des Savans, juillet 1824, pp. 446–447, and the Jour. As. of 1824–1828: Recherches sur les Ports de Gampou. Klaproth’s materials for this edition were sold after his death Fr.200 to the bookseller Duprat; see Cat. des Livres composant la Bib. de M. K., II^e Partie, No. 292.

75.—2. Marco Polos Beskrivelse af det ostlige asiatiske Hoiland, forklaret ved C. V. Rimestad. Forste Afdeling, indeholdende Indledningen og Ost-Turkestan. Indbydelseskrift til den aarlige offentlige Examen i Borgerdydskolen i Kjobenhavn i Juli 1841. Kjobenhavn, Trykt hos Bianco Luno. 1841, 8vo, pp. 80.

76.—3. Marco Polo’s Resa i Asien.

Small ppt. square 12mo, pp. 16; on p. 16 at foot: Stockholm, tryckt hos P. G. Berg, 1859.

On the title-page a cut illustrating a traveller in a chariot drawn by elephants.

III.—Titles of Sundry Books and Papers which treat of Marco Polo and his Book.

1. Salviati, Cavalier Lionardo. Degli Avvertimenti della Lingua sopra ’l Decamerone. In Venezia, 1584.

Has some brief remarks on Texts of Polo, and on references to him or his story in Villani and Boccaccio.

2. Martini, Martino. Novus Atlas Sinensis. Amstelodami, 1655.

The Maps are from Chinese sources, and are surprisingly good. The Descriptions, also from Chinese works but interspersed with information of Martini’s own, have, in their completeness, never been superseded. This estimable Jesuit often refers to Polo with affectionate zeal, identifying his localities, and justifying his descriptions. The edition quoted in this book forms a part of Blaeu’s Great Atlas (1663). It was also reprinted in Thévenot’s Collection.

3. Kircher, Athanasius. China Illustrata. Amstelodami, 1667.

He also often refers to Polo, but chiefly in borrowing from Martini.

4. Magaillans, Gabriel de (properly Magalhaens). Nouvelle Description de la Chine, contenant la description des Particularités les plus considérables de ce Grand Empire. Paris, 1688, 4to.

Contains many excellent elucidations of Polo’s work.

5. Coronelli, Vincenzo. Atlante Veneto. Venezia, 1690.

Has some remarks on Polo, and the identity of Cathay and Cambaluc with China and Peking.

6. Muratori, Lud. Ant. Perfetta Poesia, con note di Salvini. Venezia, 1724.

In vol. ii. p. 117, Salvini makes some remarks on the language in which he supposes Polo to have composed his Book.

7. Foscarini, Marco. Della Letteratura Veneziana. Padova, 1752. Vol. i. 414 seqq.

8. Foscarini, Marco. Frammento inedito di, intorno ai Viaggiatori Veneziani; accompanied by Remarks on Bürck’s German edition of Marco Polo, by Tommaso Gar (late Director of the Venice Archives). In Archivio Storico Italiano, Append. tom. iv. p. 89 seqq. [See Bibliography, supra 8–8, p. 557.]

9. Zeno, Apostolo, Annotazioni sopra la Biblioteca dell’Eloquenza Italiana di Giusto Fontanini. Venezia, 1753.

See Marsden’s Introduction, passim.

10. Tiraboschi, Girolamo. Storia della Letteratura Italiana. Modena, 1772–1783.

There is a disquisition on Polo, with some judicious remarks (iv. pp. 68–73).

11. Toaldo, Giuseppe. Saggi di Studi Veneti nell’Astronomia e nella Marina. Ven. 1782.

This work, which I have not seen, is stated to contain some remarks on Polo’s Book. The author had intended to write a Commentary thereon, and had collected books and copies of MSS. with this view, and read an article on the subject before the Academy of Padua, but did not live to fulfil his intention (d. 1797).

[See Cicogna, II. p. 386; vi. p. 855.]

12. Lessing. Marco Polo, aus einer Handschrift ergănzt, und aus einer andern sehr zu verbessern: (Zur Geschichte und Literatur ... von G. E. Lessing. II. Beytrag. Braunschweig, 1773, 8vo, pp. 259–298.)

13. Forster, J. Reinhold. H. des Découvertes et des Voyages faits dans le Nord. French Version. Paris, 1788.

14. Sprengel, Mathias Christian. Geschichte der wichtigsten geographischen Entdeckungen, &c. 2nd Ed. Halle, 1792.

This book, which is a marvel for the quantity of interesting matter which it contains in small space, has much about Polo.

15. Zurla, Abate Placido. Life of Polo, in Collezione di Vite e Ritratti d’Illustri Italiani. Padova, 1816.

This book is said to have procured a Cardinal’s Hat for the author. It is a respectable book, and Zurla’s exertions in behalf of the credit of his countrymen are greatly to be commended, though the reward seems inappropriate.

16. ———, ———. Dissertazioni di Marco Polo e degli altri Viaggiatori Veneziani, &c. Venezia, 1818–19, 4to.

17. 18, 19. Quarterly Review, vol. xxi. (1819), contains an Article on Marsden’s Edition, written by John Barrow, Esq.; that for July, 1868, contains another on Marco Polo and his Recent Editors, written by the present Editor; and that for Jan. 1872, one on the First Edition of this work, by R. H. Major, Esq.

20. Asia, Hist. Account of Discovery and Travels in. By Hugh Murray. Edinburgh, 1820.

21. Stein, C. G. D. Rede des Herrn Professor Dr. Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein. (Gesprochen den 29sten September, 1819.) Ueber den Venetianer Marco Polo. Pages 8–19 of Einladung zur Gedächtniszfeier der Wohlthăter des Berlinisch-Köllnischen Gymnasiums ... von dem Direktor Johann Joachim Bellermann. Sm. 8vo, s. d. [1821].

22. Klaproth, Julius. A variety of most interesting articles in the Journal Asiatique (see sér. I. tom. iv., tom. ix.; sér. II. tom. i. tom. xi. etc.), and in his Mémoires Relatifs à l’Asie. Paris, 1824.

Klaproth speaks more than once as if he had a complete Commentary on Marco Polo prepared or in preparation (e.g., see J. As., sér. i. tom. iv. p. 380). But the examination of his papers after his death produced little or nothing of this kind.—[Cf. supra, p. 573.]

23. Cicogna, Emmanuele Antonio. Delle Iscrizioni Veneziane, Raccolte ed Illustrate. Venezia, 1824–1843.

Contains valuable notices regarding the Polo family, especially in vol. ii.

24. Rémusat, Jean Pierre Abel. Mélanges Asiatiques. Paris, 1825. Nouveaux Mélanges As. Paris, 1829.

The latter contains (i. 381 seqq.) an article on Marsden’s Marco Polo, and one (p. 397 seqq.) upon Zurla’s Book.

25. Antologia, edited by Vieussieux. Tom. xix. B. pp. 92–124. Firenze, 1825.

A review of the publication of the old French Text by the Soc. de Géographie.

26. Annali Universali di Statistica. Vol. xvi. p. 286. Milano. 1828. Article by F. Custodi.

27. Walckenaer, Baron C. Vies de plusieurs Personnages Célèbres des temps anciens et modernes. Laon, 1830, 2 vol. 8vo.

This contains a life of Marco Polo, vol. ii. pp. 1–34.

28. St. John, James Augustus. Lives of Celebrated Travellers. London (circa 1831).

Contains a life of Marco Polo, which I regret not to have seen.

29. Cooley, W. D. Hist. of Maritime and Inland Discovery. London (circa 1831).

This excellent work contains a good chapter on Marco Polo.

30. Ritter, Carl. Die Erdkunde von Asien. Berlin, 1832, seqq.

This great work abounds with judicious comments on Polo’s Geography, most of which have been embodied in Bürck’s edition.

31. Delecluze, M. Article on Marco Polo in the Revue des Deux Mondes for 1st July, 1832. Vol. vii. 8vo, pp. 24.

32. Paulin Paris. Papers of much value on the MSS. of Marco Polo, etc., in Bulletin de la Soc. de Géographie for 1833, tom. xix. pp. 23–31; as well as in Journal Asiatique, sér. II. tom. xii. pp. 244–54; L’Institut, Journal des Sciences, &c., Sect. II. tom. xvi. Jan. 1851.

33. Malte-Brun. Précis de la Géog. Universelle, 4^iéme Ed. par Huot. Paris, 1836.

Vol. i. (pp. 551 seqq.) contains a section on Polo, neither good nor correct.

34. De Montémont, Albert. Bibliothèque Universelle des voyages.

In vol. xxxi. pp. 33–51 there is a Notice of Marco Polo.

35. Palgrave, Sir Francis. The Merchant and the Friar. London, 1837.

The Merchant is Marco Polo, who is supposed to visit England, after his return from the East, and to become acquainted with the Friar Roger Bacon. The book consists chiefly of their conversations on many subjects.

It does not affect the merits of this interesting book that Bacon is believed to have died in 1292, some years before Marco’s return from the East.

36. D’Avezac, M. Remarks in his most valuable Notice sur les Anciens Voyages de Tartarie, &c., in the Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires publié par la Société de Géographie, tom. iv. pp. 407 seqq. Paris, 1839. Also article in the Bulletin de la Soc. de Géog., &c., for August, 1841; and in Journal Asiat. sér. II. tom. xvi. p. 117.

37. Paravey, Chev. de. Article in Journ. Asiatique, sér. II. tom. xvi. 1841, p. 101.

38. Hammer-Purgstall, in Bull. de la Soc. de Géog., tom. iii. No. 21, p. 45.

39. Quatremère, Étienne. His translations and other works on Oriental subjects abound in valuable indirect illustrations of M. Polo; but in Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibliothèque du Roi, tom. xvi. Pt. i. pp. 281–286, Paris, 1843, there are some excellent remarks both on the work itself and on Marsden’s Edition of it.

40. Macfarlane, Charles. Romance of Travel. London, C. Knight. 1846.

A good deal of intelligent talk on Marco Polo.

41. Meyer, Ernst H. F. Geschichte der Botanik. Königsberg, 1854–57.

In vol. iv, there is a special chapter on Marco Polo’s notices of plants.

42. Thomas, Professor G. M. Zu Marco Polo, aus einem Cod. ital. Monacensis in the Sitzungsberichten der Münchner Akademie, 4th March, 1862, pp. 261–270.

43. Khanikoff, Nicolas de. Notice sur le Livre de Marco Polo, édité et commenté par M. G. Pauthier. Paris, 1866. Extracted from the Journal Asiatique. I have frequently quoted this with advantage, and sometimes have ventured to dissent from it.

44. Cahier, Père. Criticism of Pauthier’s Marco Polo, and reply by G. Pauthier, in Études Littéraires et Religieuses of 1866 and 1867. Paris.

45. Barthélemy St. Hilaire. A series of articles on Marco Polo in the Journal des Savants of January–May, 1867, chiefly consisting of a reproduction of Pauthier’s views and deductions.

46. De Gubernatis, Prof. Angelo. Memoria intorno ai Viaggiatori Italiani nelle Indie Orientali, dal secolo XIII. a tutto il XVI. Firenze, 1867.

47. Bianconi, Prof. Giuseppe. Degli Scritti di Marco Polo e dell’Uccello Ruc da lui menzionato. 2 parts large 8vo. Bologna, 1862 and 1868, pp. 64, 40.

A meritorious essay, containing good remarks on the comparison of different Texts.

48. Kingsley, Henry. Tales of Old Travel renarrated. London, 1869.

This begins with Marco Polo. The work has gone through several editions, but I do not know whether the author has corrected some rather eccentric geography and history that were presented in the first. Mr. Kingsley is the author of another story about Marco Polo in a Magazine, but I cannot recover the reference.

49. Notes and Queries for China and Japan. This was published from January, 1867, to November, 1870, at Hong-Kong under able editorship, and contained some valuable notes connected with Marco Polo’s chapters on China.

50. Ghika, Princess Elena (Dora d’Istria). Marco Polo, Il Cristoforo Colombo dell’Asia. Trieste, 1869, 8vo, pp. 39.

51. Buffa, Prof. Gaspare. Marco Polo, Orazione commemorativa, Letta nel R. Liceo Cristoforo Colombo il 24 marzo 1872. Genova, 8vo, pp. 18.

52. Edinburgh Review, January, 1872, pp. 1–36. A review of the first edition of the present work, acknowledged by Sir Henry Rawlinson, and full of Oriental knowledge. (See also No. 19 supra.)

53. Ocean Highways, for December, 1872, p. 285. An interesting letter on Marco Polo’s notices of Persia, by Major Oliver St. John, R.E.

54. Richthofen, Baron F. von. Das Land und die Stadt Caindu von Marco Polo, a valuable paper in the Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin. No. 1 of 1874, p. 33.

55. Bushell, Dr. S. W., Physician to H.M.’s Legation at Peking. Notes of a Journey outside the Great Wall of China, embracing an account of the first modern visit to the site of Kúblái’s Palace at Shang-tu. Appeared in J. R. G. S. vol. xliv. An abstract was published in the Proc. R. G. S. xviii., 1874, pp. 149–168.

56. Phillips, George, of H.M.’s Consular Service in China.—Marco Polo and Ibn Batuta in Fookien (Chinese Recorder, III., 1870–1871, pp. 12, 44, 71, 87, 125); Notices of Southern Mangi, with Remarks by Colonel Henry Yule, C.B. (from the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society); Notices of Southern Mangi [Abridgment] (Proc. R. Geog. Soc., XVIII., 1873–1874, pp. 168–173); Zaitun Researches (Chin. Rec., V. pp. 327–339; VI. 31–42; VII. pp. 330–338, 404–418; VIII. 117–124); Changchow, the Capital of Fuhkien in Mongol Times, read before the Society, 19th November, 1888 (Jour. C. B. R. A. S., XXIII. N.S., n^o 1, 1888, pp. 23–30); The Identity of Marco Polo’s Zaitun with Chang-chau, with a sketch-map of Marco-Polo’s route (T’oung Pao, I., Oct. 1890, pp. 218–238); Two Mediæval Fuh-kien Trading Ports, Chüan-chow and Chang-chow.—Part I. Chang-chow (T’oung-Pao, VI. No. 5, déc. 1895, pp. 449/463).—Part II. Chüan-Chow (Ibid., VII. No. 3, Juillet 1896, pp. 223/240, with 3 photog.).

57. Wheeler, J. Talboys. History of India (vol. iii. pp. 385–393) contains a résumé of, and running comment on, Marco Polo’s notices of India.

Mr. Wheeler’s book says; “His travels appear to have been written at Comorin, the most southerly point of India” (p. 385). The words that I have put in Italics are evidently a misprint, though it is not clear how to correct them.

58. De Skattschkoff, Constantin. Le Vénitien Marco Polo, et les services qu’il a rendus en faisant connaître l’Asie. Read before the Imp. Geog. Society at St. Petersburg, ⁶⁄₁₈ October, 1865; translated by M. Emile Durand in the Journ. Asiatique, sér. VII. tom. iv. pp. 122–158 (September, 1874).

The Author expresses his conviction that Marco Polo had described a number of localities after Chinese written authorities; for in the old Chinese descriptions of India and other transmarine countries are found precisely the same pieces of information, neither more nor fewer, that are given by Marco Polo. Though proof of this would not be proof of the writer’s deduction that Marco Polo was acquainted with the Chinese language, it would be very interesting in itself, and would explain some points to which we have alluded (e.g., in reference to the frankincense plant, [p. 396], and to the confusion between Madagascar and Makdashau, [p. 413]). And Mr. G. Phillips has urged something of the same kind. But M. de Skattschkoff adduces no proof at all; and for the rest his Essay is full of inaccuracy.

59. Cantù, Cesare. Italiani Illustri Ritratti, 1873, vol. i. p. 147.

60. Marsh, John B. Stories of Venice and the Venetians ... illustrated by C. Berjeau. London, 1873, 8vo, pp. vii.–418.

Chaps. VI., VII. and VIII. are devoted to Marco Polo.

61. Kingsmill, Thos. W. Notes on the Topography of some of the Localities in Manji, or Southern China mentioned by Marco Polo. (Notes and Queries on China and Japan, vol. i. pp. 52–54.)

—————————— Notes on Marco Polo’s Route from Khoten to China. (Chin. Recorder, VII. 1876, pp. 338–343.)

62. Paquier, J. B. Itinéraire de Marco Polo à travers la région du Pamir au XIII^e siècle. (Bull. Soc. Géog., 1876, août, pp. 113–128.)

63. Palladius, Archimandrite. Elucidations of Marco Polo’s Travels in North-China, drawn from Chinese Sources. (Jour. N. C. Br. R. As. Soc., x. 1876, pp. 1–54.)

Translated into English by A. Wylie and E. Bretschneider. The Russian text has just been published (T. xxxviii. 1902, of the Isviestiya) by the Imp. Russian Geog. Society.

Sir Henry Yule wrote in the Addenda of the second edition:

“And I learn from a kind Russian correspondent, that an early number of the J. N. China Branch R. Asiatic Society will contain a more important paper, viz.: Remarks on Marco Polo’s Travels to the North of China, derived from Chinese Sources; by the Archimandrite Palladius. This celebrated traveller and scholar says (as I am informed): ‘I have followed up the indications of Marco Polo from Lobnor to Shangdu, and in part to Peking.... It would seem that I have been so fortunate as to clear up the points that remained obscure to Yule.’ I deeply regret that my book cannot now profit by these promised remarks. I am not, however, without hope, that in the present edition, with its Appendices, some at least of the Venerable Traveller’s identifications may have been anticipated.”

The greater part of the notes of my late friend, the Archimandrite Palladius Katharov, have been incorporated in the present edition of Marco Polo.—H. C.

64. Jireček, Josef. Báseň o pobití Tataruv a “Million” Marka Pavlova, (Časopis Musea království českého, 1877, pp. 103–119).

65. Gebauer, J. Ein Beitrag zur Erklärung der Königinhofer Handschrift. (J. Gebauer, in Archiv für Slavische Philologie, Berlin, 1877, ii. pp. 143–155.)

66. Zanetti, V. Quattro Documenti inediti dell’Archivio degli Esposti in Venezia (Marco Polo e la sua Famiglia—Marin Falier). Por V. Zanetti. (Archivio Veneto, xvi. 1878, pp. 95–110.)

See Calendar, Nos. 6, 19, and 20 for the three Documents relating to the Polo Family.

—Marco Polo e la sua famiglia. (Ibid., xvii. 1879, pp. 359–362.)

Letters of Comm. G. Berchet and Yule regarding these documents.

67. Houtum-Schindler, Gen. Notes on Marco Polo’s Itinerary in Southern Persia (Chapters xvi. to xxi., Col. Yule’s Translation). (Jour. R. As. Soc., N.S., vol. xiii. Art. XX. Oct. 1881, pp. 490–497.)

—————————— Marco Polo’s Camadi. (Ibid., Jan. 1898, pp. 43–46.)

68. Thomson, J. T. Marco Polo’s Six Kingdoms or Cities in Java Minor, identified in translations from the ancient Malay Annals, by J. T. T., Commissioner of Crown Lands, Otago, 1875. (Proc. R. G. Soc., XX. 1875–1876, pp. 215–224.)

Translation from the “Salafat al Salatin perturan segala rajaraja,” or Malay Annals.

69. K. C. Amrein. Marco Polo: Oeffentlicher Vortrag, gehalten in der Geographisch-Kommerziellen Gesellschaft in St. Gallen. Zurich, 1879, 8vo.

70. Vidal-Lablache, Paul. Bibliothèque des Écoles et des Familles.—Marco Polo, son temps et ses voyages. Paris, 1880, 8vo, pp. 192.

There is a second edition.

71. G. M. Urbani de Gheltof. III. Congresso Geografico Internazionale in Venezia.—La Collezione del Doge Marin Faliero e i tesori di Marco Polo. Venezia, 1881, 8vo, pp. 8.

From the Bulletino di Arti, industrie e curiosità veneziane III. pp. 98–103.—See Int. p. 79.

72. Seguso, L. La Casa dei Milioni o l’abitazione di Marco Polo. (Venezia e il Congresso, 1881.)

73. Cordier, Henri. Maison de Marco Polo [à Venise.] (Revue de l’Extrême-Orient, i. No. 1, p. 157); Statue de Marco Polo. (Revue de l’Extrême-Orient, i. No. 1, pp. 156–157.)

74. Illustrazione Italiana, No. 38, Sept. 18, 1881.

75. Yule, Sir Henry. Marco Polo. (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1885, 9th ed., xix. pp. 404–409.)

76. Schumann, Dr. K. Marco Polo, ein Weltreisender des XIII. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 1885. 8vo, pp. 32.

Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge, herausgegeben von Rud. Virchow und Fr. von Holtzendorff. XX. Serie. Heft 460.

77. Marco Polo. (Blackwood’s Mag., clxii. Sept. 1887, pp. 373–386.)

(Rep. in Littell’s Living Age, Boston, CLXXV., p. 195.)

78. Edkins, Joseph. Kan Fu. (China Review, xv. pp. 310–331.)

79. Oliphant, Mrs.—The Makers of Venice. London, 1887, 8vo.

Part II.—Chap. i. The Travellers: Niccolo, Matteo, and Marco Polo, pp. 134–157.

80. Duclau, S.—La Science populaire—Marco Polo, sa Vie et ses Voyages. Par S. Duclau. Limoges, Eugène Ardant, s. d. [1889], 8vo, pp. 192.

81. Parker, E. H. Charchan. (China Review, xviii. p. 261); Hunting Lodges (Ibid., p. 261); Barscol. (Ibid.); Life Guards (p. 262); Canfu or Canton (Ibid., xiv. pp. 358–359); Kaunchis (Ibid., p. 359); Polo (Ibid., xv., p. 249); Marco Polo’s Transliterations (Ibid., xvi., p. 125); Canfu (Ibid., p. 189).

82. Schaller, M.—Marco Polo und die Texte seiner “Reisen”.—Programm der Kgl. Studien—Anstalt Burghausen für das Studienjahr 1889–90 von Michael Schaller, Kgl. Studienlehrer f.n. Sprachen. Burghausen, Russy, 8vo, pp. 57.

83. Severtzow, Dr. Nicolas. Etudes de Géographie historique sur les anciens itinéraires à travers le Pamir, Ptolémée, Hiouen-Thsang, Song-yuen, Marco Polo. (Bul. Soc. Géog., 1890, pp. 417–467, 553–610.)

(Marco Polo, pp. 583 seqq.)

84. Ament, W. S. Marco Polo in Cambaluc: A Comparison of foreign and native Accounts. (Journ. Peking Orient. Soc., III. No. 2, 1892, pp. 97–122.)

85. Collingridge, George. The Early Cartography of Japan. By George Collingridge. (Geographical Journal, May, 1894, pp. 403–409.)—Japan or Java? An Answer to Mr. George Collingridge’s Article on “The Early Cartography of Japan,” by F. G. Kramp. Overgedrukt uit het “Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Jaargang 1894.” Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1894, 8vo, pp. 14. The Early Cartography of Japan. By H. Yule Oldham. (Geographical Journal, Sept. 1894, pp. 276–279.)

86. Hirth, Fried. Ueber den Schiffsverkehr von Kinsay zu Marco Polo’s Zeit. (T’oung Pao, Dec. 1894, pp. 386–390.)

87. Drapeyron, Ludovic.—Le Retour de Marco Polo en 1295. Cathay et Sypangu. (Revue de Géographie, Juillet, 1895, pp. 3–8.)

88. Cordier, Henri. Centenaire de Marco Polo. Paris, 1896, 8vo.

A Lecture with a Bibliography which is the basis of the list of this edition of Marco Polo.

89. Manly.—Marco Polo and the Squire’s Tale. By John Matthews Manly. (Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. xi. 1896, pp. 349–362.)

Cf. our Introduction, p. 128.

90. Suez, Iuming C. Marco Polo. (St. John’s Echo, Shanghaï, Nov. 1899.)

91. Nordenskiöld, A. E.—Om det inflytande Marco Polos reseberättelse utöfvat på Gastaldis kartor öfver Asien. (ur Ymer, Tidskrift utgifven af Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi, Årg. 1899, H. 1, pp. 33 to 42).

—————————— The Influence of the “Travels of Marco Polo” on Jacobo Gastaldi’s Map of Asia. (Geog. Journal, April, 1899, pp. 396 to 406.)

See Introduction, p. 137.

92. Chaix, Paul. Marco Polo. (Le Globe, Soc. Géog. Genève, fév.–avril, 1900, pp. 84–94.)

93. Le Strange, Guy. The Cities of Kirmān in the time of Hamd-Allah Mustawfi and Marco Polo. (J. R. As. Soc., April, 1901, pp. 281–290.)

94. Muret, Ernest. Un fragment de Marco Polo. Paris, 1901, 8vo., pp. 8.

From Romania, tom. xxx. See p. 547, App. F., 65.

95. Great Explorers.—Marco Polo, Ferdinand Magellan, Mungo Park, Sir John Franklin, David Livingstone, Christopher Columbus, etc., etc. Thomas Nelson, London, 1902, 8vo, pp. 224.

Marco Polo, pp. 7–21.

[1] [Sir Henry Yule expressed his regret to me that he had not the facility at Palermo to undertake this Bibliography which I consider as a legacy from the first and illustrious editor of this book.—H. C.]

Appendix I.—Titles of Works which are cited by abbreviated References in this Book.

Abdallatif. Relation de l’Egypte. Trad. par M. Silvestre de Sacy. Paris, 1810.

Abulpharagius. Hist. Compend. Dynastiarum, etc., ab Ed. Pocockio. Oxon. 1663.

Abr. Roger. See La Porte ouverte.

Acad. Mém. de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

Ain-i-Akbari or Ain. Akb. Bl. refers to Blochmann’s Translation in Bibliotheca Indica. Calcutta, 1869, seqq.

Alexandriade, ou Chanson de Geste d’Alexandre-le-Grand, de Lambert Le Court et Alex. de Bernay. Dinan et Paris, 1861, 12mo.

Alphabetum Tibetanum Missionum Apostolicarum commodo editum; A. A. Georgii. Romae, 1762, 4to.

Am. Exot. Engelbert Kaempfer’s Amoenitatum Exoticarum Fasciculi V. Lemgoviae, 1712.

Amyot. Mémoires concernant les Chinois, etc. Paris v. y.

Arabs., Arabshah. Ahmedis Arabsiadis Vitae ... Timuri ... Historia. Latine vertit ... S. H. Manger. Franequerae, 1767.

Arch. Stor. Ital. Archivio Storico Italiano. Firenze, v. y.

Assemani, Bibliotheca Orientalis. Romae, 1719–28.

Astley. A New General Collection of Voyages, etc. London, 1745–1747.

Ava, Mission to, Narrative of Major Phayre’s. By Capt. H. Yule. London, 1858.

Ayeen Akbery refers to Gladwin’s Transl., Calcutta, 1787.

Baber, Memoir of. Transl. by Leyden and Erskine. London, 1826.

Baber, E. Colborne. Travels and Researches in Western China. London, 1882, 8vo.

Vol. i. Pt. I. Supp. Papers R. Geog. Society.

Bacon, Roger. Opus Majus. Venet. 1750.

Baer und Helmersen. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reiches, etc. St. Petersburg, 1839, seqq.

Bauduin de Sebourc. Li Romans de Bauduin de S., III^e Roy de Jherusalem. Valenciennes, 1841, 2 vol. large 8vo.

Benjamin of Tudela. Quoted from T. Wright’s Early Travels in Palestine. Bohn, London, 1848.

Bretschneider, Dr. E. Notes on Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the West. Shanghai, 1875, 8vo.

——————— Archaeological and Historical Researches on Peking and its Environs. Shanghai, 1876, 8vo.

——————— Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. London, 1888, 2 vol. 8vo.

——————— History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. London [St. Petersburg], 1898, 2 Pts. 8vo. Begins with Marco Polo, pp. 1–5.

All these works are most valuable.

Bridgman, Rev. Dr. Sketches of the Meaou-tszé, transl. by. In J. N. Ch. Br. R. As. Soc. for Dec. 1859.

Browne’S Vulgar Errors, in Bohn’s Ed. of his Works. London, 1852.

Buchon. Chroniques Étrangères relatives aux Expéditions Françaises pendant le XIII^e Siècle. Paris, 1841.

Burnes, Alex. Travels into Bokhara. 2nd Ed. London, 1835.

Büsching’s Magazin für die neue Historie und Geographie. Halle, 1779, seqq.

Cahier et Martin. Mélanges d’Archéologie. Paris, v. y.

Capmany, Antonio. Memorias Historicas sobre la marina ... de Barcelona. Madrid, 1779–1792.

Carp., Carpini. As published in Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires de la Soc. de Géog. Tom. iv. Paris, 1839.

Cathay and the Way Thither. By Col. H. Yule. Hakluyt Society, 1866.

Chardin, Voyages en Perse de. Ed. of Langlès. Paris, 1811.

Chavannes, Edouard. Mémoire composé à l’époque de la grande dynastie T’ang sur les Religieux éminents qui allèrent chercher la loi dans les Pays d’Occident par I-Tsing. Paris, 1894, 8vo.

China Illustrata. See Kircher.

Chine Ancienne. By Pauthier, in L’Univers Pittoresque. Paris, 1837.

—— Moderne. By do. and Bazin, in do. Paris, 1853.

Chin. Rep. Chinese Repository. Canton, 1832, seqq.

Clavijo. Transl. by C. R. Markham. Hak. Society, 1859.

Consular Reports. (See this vol. p. 144.)

Conti, Travels of Nicolo. In India in the XVth Century. Hak. Society, 1857.

Cordier, Henri. Les Voyages en Asie au XIV^e Siècle du Bienheureux Frère Odoric de Pordenone. Paris, 1891, 8vo.

——————— L’Extrême-Orient dans l’Atlas catalan de Charles V., Roi de France. Paris, 1895, 8vo.

Curzon, George N. Persia and the Persian Question. London, 1892, 2 vol. 8vo.

D’Avezac. See App. H., III., No. 36.

Davies’s Report. Rep. on the Trade and Resources of the Countries on the N.W. Boundary of Br. India (By R. H. Davies, now (1874) Lieut.-Governor of the Panjáb).

Deguignes. Hist. Gén. des Huns, etc. Paris, 1756.

————— (the Younger). Voyage à Peking, etc. Paris, 1808.

Della Decima, etc. Lisbone e Lucca (really Florence) 1765–1766. The 3rd volume of this contains the Mercantile Handbook of Pegolotti (circa 1340), and the 4th volume that of Uzzano (1440).

Della Penna. Breve Notizia del Regno del Thibet. An extract from the Journal Asiatique, sér. II. tom. xiv. (pub. by Klaproth).

Della Valle, P. Viaggi. Ed. Brighton, 1843.

De Mailla. H. Générale de la Chine, etc. Paris, 1783.

Devéria, G. La Frontière Sino-Annamite. Paris, 1886, 8vo.

————— Notes d’Épigraphie mongole-chinoise. Paris, 1897, 8vo. From the Jour. As.

————— Musulmans et Manichéens chinois. Paris, 1898, 8vo. From the Jour. As.

————— Stèle Si-Hia de Leang-tcheou. Paris, 1898, 8vo. From the Jour. As.

Dict. de la Perse. Dict. Géog. Hist. et Litt. de la Perse, etc.; par Barbier de Meynard. Paris, 1861.

D’Ohsson. H. des Mongols. La Haye et Amsterdam, 1834.

Doolittle, Rev. J. The Social Life of the Chinese. Condensed Ed. London, 1868.

Douet D’Arcq. Comptes de l’Argenterie des Rois de France au XV^e Siècle. Paris, 1851.

Dozy and Engelmann. Glossaire des Mots Espagnols et Portugais dérivés de l’Arabe. 2de. Ed. Leyde, 1869.

Duchesne, André. Historiae Francorum Scriptores. Lut. Par. 1636–1649.

Early Travels in Palestine, ed. by T. Wright, Esq. Bohn, London, 1848.

Edrisi. Trad. par Amédée Jaubert; in Rec. de Voy. et de Mém., tom. v. et vi. Paris, 1836–1840.

Élie de Laprimaudaie. Études sur le Commerce au Moyen Age. Paris, 1848.

Elliot. The History of India as told by its own Historians. Edited from the posthumous papers of Sir H. M. Elliot, by Prof. Dowson. 1867, seqq.

Erdmann, Dr. Franz v. Temudschin der Unerschütterliche. Leipzig, 1862.

Erman. Travels in Siberia. Transl. by W. D. Cooley. London, 1848.

Escayrac de Lauture. Mémoires sur la Chine. Paris, 1865.

Étude Pratique, etc. See Hedde.

Faria y Souza. History of the Discovery and Conquest of India by the Portuguese. Transl. by Capt. J. Stevens. London, 1695.

Ferrier, J. P. Caravan Journeys, etc. London, 1856.

Fortune. Two Visits to the Tea Countries of China. London, 1853.

Francisque-Michel. Recherches sur le Commerce, la fabrication, et l’usage des étoffes de Soie, etc. Paris, 1852.

Frescob. Viaggi in Terra Santa di L. Frescobaldi, etc. (1384). Firenze, 1862.

Garcia de Orta. Garzia dall’Horto, Dell’Istoria dei semplici ed altre cose che vengono portate dall’Indie Orientali, etc. Trad. dal Portughese da Annib. Briganti. Venezia, 1589.

Garnier, Francis. Voyage d’Exploration en Indo-Chine. Paris, 1873.

Gaubil. H. de Gentchiscan et de toute la Dinastie des Mongous. Paris, 1739.

Gildem., Gildemeister. Scriptorum Arabum de Rebus Indicis, etc. Bonn, 1838.

Gill, Capt. William. The River of Golden Sand.... With an Introductory Essay by Col. Henry Yule.... London, 1880, 2 vol. 8vo.

Godinho de Eredia. Malaca l’Inde méridionale et le Cathay reproduit en facsimile et traduit par M. Léon Janssen. Bruxelles, 1882, 4to.

Gold. Horde. See Hammer.

Grenard, F. J.-L. Dutreuil de Rhins-Mission scientifique dans la Haute Asie, 1890–1895. Paris, 1897–1898, 3 vol. 4to and Atlas.

Groeneveldt, W. P. Notes on the Archipelago and Malacca. Compiled from Chinese Sources. [Batavia, 1877] 8vo.

Rep. by Dr. R. Rost in 1887.

————————— Supplementary Jottings to the Notes. T’oung Pao, VII., May, 1896, pp. 113–134.

Hamilton, A. New Account of the East Indies. London, 1744.

Hammer-Purgstall. Geschichte der Goldenen Horde. Pesth, 1840.

————————— Geschichte der Ilchane. Darmstadt, 1842.

Hedde et Rondot. Étude Pratique du Commerce d’Exportation de la Chine, par I. Hedde. Revue et complétée par N. Rondot. Paris, 1849.

Heyd, Prof. W. Le Colonie Commerciali degli Italiani in Oriente nel Media Evo; Dissert. Rifatt. dall’Autore e recate in Italiano dal Prof. G. Müller. Venezia e Torino, 1866.

—————— Histoire du Commerce du Levant au Moyen Age ... éd. française ... par Furcy Raynaud. Leipzig, 1885–6, 2 vol. 8vo.

Hosie, Alexander. Three Years in Western China; a Narrative of three Journeys in Ssŭ-ch’uan, Kuei-chow, and Yún-nan. London, 1890, 8vo.

H. T. or Hiuen Tsang. Vie et Voyages, viz. Hist. de la Vie de Hiouen Thsang et de ses Voyages dans l’Inde, &c. Paris, 1853.

—— or —————. Mémoires sur les Contrées Occidentales, &c. Paris, 1857. See Pèlerins Bouddhistes.

Huc. Recollections of a Journey through Tartary, &c. Condensed. Transl. by Mrs. P. Sinnett. London, 1852.

I. B., Ibn. Bat., Ibn Batuta. Voyages d’Ibn Batoutah par Defrémery et Sanguinetti. Paris, 1853–58, 4 vol. 8vo.

Ibn Khordâdhbeh.... Cum versione gallica edidit.... M. J. de Goeje. Lug. Bat., 1889, 8vo.

Ilch., Ilchan., Hammer’s Ilch. See Hammer.

India in XVth Century. Hak. Soc. 1857.

Ind. Ant., Indian Antiquary, a Journal of Oriental Research. Bombay, 1872, seqq.

J. A. S. B. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

J. As. Journal Asiatique.

J. C. Br. R. A. S. Journal of the China Branch of the R. Asiatic Society, Shanghai.

J. Ind. Arch. Journal of the Indian Archipelago.

J. N. C. Br. R. A. S. Journal of the North China Branch of the R. Asiatic Society, Shanghai.

J. R. A. S. Journal of the Royal As. Society.

J. R. G. S. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.

Joinville. Edited by Francisque-Michel. Firmin-Didot: Paris, 1867.

Kaempfer. See Am. Exot.

Khanikoff, Notice. See App. H., III., No. 43.

————— Mémoire sur la Partie Méridionale de l’Asie Centrale, Paris, 1862.

Kircher, Athanasius. China, Monumentis, &c., Illustrata. Amstelod. 1667.

Klap. Mém. See App. H., III., No. 22.

Koeppen, Die Religion des Buddha, von Carl Friedrich. Berlin, 1857–59.

La Porte Ouverte, &c., ou la Vraye Representation de la Vie, des Moeurs, de la Religion, et du Service Divin des Bramines, &c., par le Sieur Abraham Roger, trad. en François. Amsterdam, 1670.

Ladak, &c. By Major Alex. Cunningham. 1854.

Lassen. Indische Alterthumskunde. First edition is cited throughout.

Lecomte, Père L. Nouveaux Mémoires sur la Chine. Paris, 1701.

Levchine, Alexis de. Desc. des Hordes et des Steppes des Kirghiz Kaïssaks; trad. par F. de Pigny. Paris, 1840.

Linschoten. Hist. de la Navigation de Jean Hugues de Linschot. 3^ième ed. Amst., 1638.

Magaillans. See App. H., III., No. 4.

Makrizi. See Quat. Mak.

Mar. San., Marin. Sanut., Marino Sanudo. Liber Secretorum Fidelium Crucis, in Bongarsii Gesta Dei per Francos. Hanoviæ, 1611. Tom. ii.

Martène et Durand. Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum. Paris, 1717.

Martini. See App. H., III., No. 2.

Mas’udi. Les Prairies d’Or, par Barbier de Meynard et Pavet de Courteille. Paris, 1861, seqq.

Matthioli, P. A. Commentarii in libros VI. Pedacii Dioscoridis de Medicâ Materiâ. Venetiis, 1554; sometimes other editions are cited.

Maundevile. Halliwell’s Ed. London, 1866.

Mém. de l’Acad. See Acad.

Mendoza. H. of China. Ed. of Hak. Society, 1853–54.

Merveilles de l’Inde. Livre des Merveilles de l’Inde.... Texte arabe par P. A. Van der Lith. Trad. française par L. Marcel Devic. Leide, 1883–1886, 4to.

Michel. See Francisque-Michel.

Mid. Kingd. See Williams.

Moorcroft and Trebeck’s Travels; edited by Prof. H. H. Wilson, 1841.

Mosheim. Historia Tartarorum Ecclesiastica. Helmstadt, 1741.

Muntaner, in Buchon, q.v.

N. & E., Not. et Ext. Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibliothèque du Roy. Paris, v. y.

N. & Q. Notes and Queries.

N. & Q. C. & J. Notes and Queries for China and Japan.

Nelson, J. H. The Madura Country, a Manual. Madras, 1868.

Neumann, C. F. His Notes at end of Bürck’s German ed. of Polo.

Novus Orbis Regionum &c. Veteribus incognitarum. Basil. Ed. 1555.

P. de la Croix, Pétis de la Croix, Hist. de Timurbec, &c. Paris, 1722.

P. della V. See Della Valle.

P. Vinc. Maria, P. Vincenzo. Viaggio all’Indie Orientali del P. F. V. M. di S. Catarina da Siena. Roma, 1672.

Pallas. Voyages dans plusieurs Provinces de l’Empire de Russie, &c. Paris, l’an XI.

Paolino. Viaggio alle Indie, &c. da Fra P. da S. Bartolomeo. Roma, 1796.

Pegolotti. See Della Decima.

Pèlerins Bouddhistes, par Stan. Julien. This name covers the two works entered above under the heading H. T., the Vie et Voyages forming vol. i., and the Mémoires, vols. ii. and iii.

Pereg. Quat. Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor, &c. Recens. J. M. Laurent. Lipsiæ, 1864.

Post und Reise Routen. See Sprenger.

Prairies d’Or. See Mas’udi.

Punjaub Trade Report. See Davies.

Q. R., Quat. Rashid. H. des Mongols de la Perse, par Raschid-ed-din, trad. &c. par M. Quatremère. Paris, 1836.

Quat. Mak., Quatremère’s Mak. H. des Sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte, par Makrizi. Trad. par Q. Paris, 1837, seqq.

Ras Mala, or Hindoo Annals of Goozerat. By A. K. Forbes. London, 1856.

Reinaud, Rel. Relations des Voyages faits par les Arabes dans l’Inde et la Chine, &c. Paris, 1845.

————, Inde, Mém. Géog. Histor. et Scientifique sur l’, &c. Paris, 1849.

Relat., Relations. See last but one.

Richthofen, Baron F. von. Letters (addressed to the Committee of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce) on the Interior Provinces of China. Shanghai, 1870–72.

Rockhill, W. W. The Land of the Lamas. London, 1891, 8vo.

——————— Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891 and 1892. Washington, 1894, 8vo.

——————— The Journey of William of Rubruck. London, Hakluyt Society, 1900, 8vo.

Roman., Romanin, Storia Documentata di Venezia. Venezia, 1853, seqq.

Rub., Rubruquis. Cited from edition in Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires, tom. iv. Paris, 1839. See Rockhill.

S. S., San. Setz., Ss. Ssetz. See Schmidt.

Santarem, Essai sur l’Hist. de la Cosmographie, &c. Paris, 1849.

Sanudo. See Mar. San.

Schiltberger, Reisen des Johan. Ed. by Neumann. München, 1859.

Schlegel, G. Geographical Notes, I.–XVI., in T’oung Pao, Leiden, 1898–1901.

Schmidt. Geschichte der Ost-Mongolen, &c., verfasst von Ssanang-Ssetzen Chungtaidschi. St. Petersburg, 1829.

Sonnerat. Voyage aux Indes Orientales. Paris, 1782.

Sprenger. Post und Reise Routen des Orients. Leipzig, 1864.

St. Martin, M. J. Mémoires Historiques et Géographiques sur l’Arménie, &c. Paris, 1818–19.

Sykes, Major Percy Molesworth. Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, or Eight Years in Irán. London, 1902, 8vo.

Chap. xxiii. Marco Polo’s Travels in Persia.

—————— Recent Journeys in Persia. (Geog. Journal, X, 1897, pp. 568–597.)

Teixeira, Relaciones de Pedro, del Origen Descendencia y Succession de los Reyes de Persia, y de Harmuz, y de un Viage hecho por el mismo aotor, &c. En Amberes, 1670.

Timkowski. Travels, &c., edited by Klaproth. London, 1827.

Uzzano. See Della Decima.

Varthema’s Travels. By Jones and Badger. Hak. Soc., 1863.

Vigne, G. T. Travels in Kashmir, &c. London, 1842.

Vin. Bell., Vinc. Bellov. Vincent of Beauvais’ Speculum Historiale, Speculum Naturale, &c.

Visdelou. Supplément to D’Herbelot. 1780.

Williams’s Middle Kingdom. 3rd. Ed. New York and London, 1857.

Williamson, Rev. A. Journeys in N. China, &c. London, 1870.

Weber’s Metrical Romances of the XIIIth, XIVth, and XVth Centuries. Edinburgh, 1810.

Witsen. Noord en Oost Tartaryen. 2nd Ed. Amsterdam, 1785.

Appendix K.—Values of certain Moneys, Weights, and Measures, occurring in this Book.

French Money.

The Livre Tournois of the period may be taken, on the mean of five valuations cited in a footnote at p. 87 of vol. i., as equal in modern silver value to ... 18·04 francs.

Say English money ... 14s. 3·8d.

The Livre Parisis was worth one-fourth more than the Tournois,[1] and therefore equivalent in silver value to ... 22·55 francs.

Say English money ... 17s. 10·8d.

(Gold being then to silver in relative value about 12:1 instead of about 15:1 as now, one-fourth has to be added to the values based on silver in equations with the gold coin of the period, and one-fifth to be deducted in values based on gold value. By oversight, in vol. i. p. 87, I took 16:1 as the present gold value, and so exaggerated the value of the livre Tournois as compared with gold.)

M. Natalis de Wailly, in his recent fine edition of Joinville, determines the valuation of these livres, in the reign of St. Lewis, by taking a mean between a value calculated on the present value of silver, and a value calculated on the present value of gold,[2] and his result is:

Livre Tournois = 20·26 francs.
Livre Parisis = 25·33 „

Though there is something arbitrary in this mode of valuation, it is, perhaps, on the whole the best; and its result is extremely handy for the memory (as somebody has pointed out) for we thus have

One Livre Tournois = One Napoleon.
„ „ Parisis = One Sovereign.

Venetian Money.

The Mark of Silver all over Europe may be taken fairly at 2l. 4s. of our money in modern value; the Venetian mark being a fraction more, and the marks of England, Germany and France fractions less.[3]

The Venice Gold Ducat or Zecchin, first coined in accordance with a Law of 31st October 1283, was, in our gold value, worth ... 11·82 francs.[4]

or English ... 9s. 4·284d.

The Zecchin when first coined was fixed as equivalent to 18 grossi, and on this calculation the Grosso should be a little less than 5d. sterling.[5] But from what follows it looks as if there must have been another grosso, perhaps only of account, which was only ¾ of the former, therefore equivalent to 3¾d. only. This would be a clue to difficulties which I do not find dealt with by anybody in a precise or thorough manner; but I can find no evidence for it.

Accounts were kept at Venice not in ducats and grossi, but in Lire, of which there were several denominations, viz.:

1. Lira dei Grossi, called in Latin Documents Libra denariorum Venetorum grosorum.[6] Like every Lira or Pound, this consisted of 20 soldi, and each soldo of 12 denari or deniers.[7] In this case the Lira was equivalent to 10 golden ducats; and its Denier, as the name implies, was the Grosso. The Grosso therefore here was ¹⁄₂₄₀ of 10 ducats or ¹⁄₂₄ of a ducat, instead of ¹⁄₁₈.

2. Lira ai Grossi (L. den. Ven. ad grossos). This by decree of 2nd June, 1285, went two to the ducat. In fact it is the soldo of the preceding Lira, and as such the Grosso was, as we have just seen, its denier; which is perhaps the reason of the name.

3. Lira dei Piccoli (L. den. Ven. parvulorum). The ducat is alleged to have been at first equal to three of these Lire (Romanin, I. 321); but the calculations of Marino Sanudo (1300–1320) in the Secreta Fidelium Crucis show that he reckons the Ducat equivalent to 3·2 lire of piccoli.[8]

In estimating these Lire in modern English money, on the basis of their relation to the ducat, we must reduce the apparent value by ⅕. We then have:

1. Lira dei Grossi equivalent to nearly 3l. 15s. 0d. (therefore exceeding by nearly 10s. the value of the Pound sterling of the period, or Lira di Sterlini, as it was called in the appropriate Italian phrase).[9]

2. Lira ai Grossi ... 3s. 9d.

3. Lira dei Piccoli ... 2s. 4d.

The Tornese or Tornesel at Venice was, according to Romanin (III. 343) = 4 Venice deniers: and if these are the deniers of the Lira ai Grossi, the coin would be worth a little less than ¾d., and nearly the equivalent of the denier Tournois, from which it took its name.[10]

The term Bezant is used by Polo always (I believe) as it is by Joinville, by Marino Sanudo, and by Pegolotti, for the Egyptian gold dínár, the intrinsic value of which varied somewhat, but can scarcely be taken at less than 10s. 6d. or 11s. (See Cathay, pp. 440–441; and see also J. As. sér. VI. tom. xi. pp. 506–507.) The exchange of Venice money for the Bezant or Dinar in the Levant varied a good deal (as is shown by examples in the passage in Cathay just cited), but is always in these examples a large fraction (⅙ up to ⅓) more than the Zecchin. Hence, when Joinville gives the equation of St. Lewis’s ransom as 1,000,000 bezants or 500,000 livres, I should have supposed these to be livres Parisis rather than Tournois, as M. de Wailly prefers.

There were a variety of coins of lower value in the Levant called Bezants,[11] but these do not occur in our Book.

The Venice Saggio, a weight for precious substances was ⅙ of an ounce, corresponding to the weight of the Roman gold solidus, from which was originally derived the Arab Misḳál. And Polo appears to use saggio habitually as the equivalent of Misḳál. His pois or peso, applied to gold and silver, seems to have the same sense, and is indeed a literal translation of Misḳál. (See vol. ii. [p. 41].)

For measures Polo uses the palm rather than the foot. I do not find a value of the Venice palm, but over Italy that measure varies from 9½ inches to something over 10. The Genoa Palm is stated at 9·725 inches.

Jal (Archéologie Nav. I. 271) cites the following Table of

Old Venice Measures of Length.

4 fingers	=	1 handbreadth.
4 handbreadths	=	1 foot.
5 feet	=	1 pace.
1000 paces	=	1 mile.
4 miles	=	1 league.

[1] See (Dupré de St. Maur) Essai sur les Monnoies, &c. Paris, 1746, p. xv; and Douet d’Arcq, pp. 5, 15, &c.

[2] He takes the silver value of the gros Tournois (the sol of the system) at 0·8924 fr., whence the Livre = 17·849 fr. And the gold value of the golden Agnel, which passed for 12½ sols Tournois, is 14·1743 fr. Whence the Livre = 22·6789 fr. Mean = 20·2639 fr.

[3] The Mark was ⅔ of a pound. The English Pound Sterling of the period was in silver value = 3l. 5s. 2d. Hence the Mark = 2l. 3s. 5·44d. The Cologne Mark, according to Pegolotti, was the same, and the Venice Mark of silver was = 1 English Tower Mark + 3½ sterlings (i.e. pence of the period), = therefore to 2l. 4s. 4·84d. The French Mark of Silver, according to Dupré de St. Maur, was about 3 Livres, presumably Tournois, and therefore 2l. 2s. 11½d.

[4] Cibrario, Pol. Ec. del Med. Evo. III. 228. The Gold Florin of Florence was worth a fraction more = 9s. 4·85d.

Sign. Desimoni, of Genoa, obligingly points out that the changed relation of Gold ducat and silver grosso was due to a general rise in price of gold between 1284 and 1302, shown by notices of other Italian mints which raise the equation of the gold florin in the same ratio, viz. from 9 sols tournois to 12.

[5] For ¹⁄₁₈ of the florin will be 6·23d., and deducting ⅕, as pointed out above, we have 4·99d. as the value of the grosso.

I have a note that the grosso contained 42⁶⁸⁄₁₄₄ Venice grains of pure silver. If the Venice grain be the same as the old Milan grain (·051 grammes) this will give exactly the same value of 5d.

[6] Also called, according to Romanin, Lira d’imprestidi. See Introd. Essay in vol. i. p. 66.

[7] It is not too universally known to be worth noting that our £. s. d. represents Livres, sois, deniers.

[8] He also states the grosso to have been worth 32 piccoli, which is consistent with this and the two preceding statements. For at 3·2 lire to the ducat the latter would = 768 piccoli, and ¹⁄₂₄ of this = 32 piccoli. Pegolotti also assigns 24 grossi to the ducat (p. 151).

The tendency of these Lire, as of pounds generally, was to degenerate in value. In Uzzano (1440) we find the Ducat equivalent to 100 soldi, i.e. to 5 lire.

Everybody seems to be tickled at the notion that the Scotch Pound or Livre was only 20 Pence. Nobody finds it funny that the French or Italian Pound is only 20 halfpence, or less!

[9] Uzzano in Della Decima, IV. 124.

[10] According to Gallicciolli (II. 53) piccoli (probably in the vague sense of small copper coin) were called in the Levant τορνέσια.

[11] Thus in the document containing the autograph of King Hayton, presented at p. 13 of Introductory Essay, the King gives with his daughter, “Damoiselle Femie,” a dowry of 25,000 besans sarrazinas, and in payment 4 of his own bezants staurats (presumably so called from bearing a cross) are to count as one Saracen Bezant. (Cod. Diplomat. del S. Mil. Ord. Gerosolim. I. 134.)

Appendix L.—Sundry Supplementary Notes on Special Subjects.—(H. C.)

—The Polos at Acre.
—Sorcery in Kashmir.
—Paonano Pao.
—Pamir.
—Number of Pamirs.
—Site of Pein.
—Fire-arms.

—La Couvade.
—Alacan.
—Champa.
—Ruck Quills.
—A Spanish Edition of Marco Polo.
—Sir John Mandeville.

1.—The Polos at Acre. (Vol. i. p. 19. Int.)

M. le Comte Riant (Itin. à Jérusalem, p. xxix.) from various data thinks the two sojourns of the Polos at Acre must have been between the 9th May, 1271, date of the arrival of Edward of England and of Tedaldo Visconti, and the 18th November, 1271, time of the departure of Tedaldo. Tedaldo was still in Paris on the 28th December, 1269, and he appears to have left for the Holy Land after the departure of S. Lewis for Tunis (2nd July, 1270).—H. C.

2.—Sorcery in Kashmir. (Vol. i. p. 166.)

In Kalhaṇa’s Rājataraṅgiṇī, A Chronicle of the Kings of Kásmīr translated by M. A. Stein, we read (Bk. IV. 94, p. 128): “Again the Brahman’s wife addressed him: ‘O king, as he is famous for his knowledge of charms (Khārkhodavidyā), he can get over an ordeal with ease.’” Dr. Stein adds the following note: “The practice of witchcraft and the belief in its efficiency have prevailed in Kásmir from early times, and have survived to some extent to the present day; comp. Bühler, Report, p. 24.... The term Khārkhoda, in the sense of a kind of deadly charm or witchcraft, recurs in v. 239, and is found also in the Vijayésvaramāh (Adipur.), xi. 25. In the form Khārkoṭa it is quoted by the N. P. W. from Caraka, vi. 23. Khārkhoṭa appears as the designation of a sorcerer or another kind of uncanny persons in Haracar., ii. 125, along with Kṛtyās and Vetālas....”

3.—Paonano Pao. (Vol. i. p. 173.)

In his paper on Zoroastrian Deities on Indo-Scythians’ Coins (Babylonian and Oriental Record, August, 1887, pp. 155–166; rep. in the Indian Antiquary, 1888), Dr. M. A. Stein has demonstrated that the legend Paonano Pao on the coins of the Yue-Chi or Indo-Scythian Kings (Kanishka, Huvishka, Vasudeva), is the exact transcription of the old Iranian title Shāhanān Shāh (Persian Shāhan-shāh), “King of Kings”; the letter P, formerly read as P(r), has since been generally recognised, in accordance with his interpretation as a distinct character expressing the sound sh.

4.—Pamir. (Vol. i. pp. 174–175.)

I was very pleased to find that my itinerary agrees with that of Dr. M. A. Stein; this learned traveller sends me the following remarks: “The remark about the absence of birds (pp. 174–175) might be a reflex of the very ancient legend (based probably on the name zend Upairi-saena, pehlevi Apārsīn, ‘higher than the birds’) which represents the Híndu Kush range proper as too high for birds to fly over. The legend can be traced by successive evidence in the case of the range north of Kabul.”—Regarding the route (p. 175) from the Wakhjir (sic) Pass down the Taghdum-bash Pamir, then viâ Tāsh-kurghan, Little Karakul, Bulun Kul, Gez Daria to Tashmalik and Kashgar, Dr. Stein says that he surveyed it in July, 1900, and he refers for the correct phonetic spelling of local names along it to his map to be published in J. R. G. S., in December, 1902. He says in his Prel. Report, p. 10: “The Wakhjīr Pass, only some 12 miles to the south-west of Kök-török, connects the Tāghdumbāsh Pamir and the Sarīkol Valleys with the head-waters of the Oxus. So I was glad that the short halt, which was unavoidable for survey purposes, permitted me to move a light camp close to the summit of the Wakhjīr Pass (circ. 16,200 feet). On the following day, 2nd July, I visited the head of Ab-i-Panja Valley, near the great glaciers which Lord Curzon first demonstrated to be the true source of the River Oxus. It was a strange sensation for me in this desolate mountain waste to know that I had reached at last the eastern threshold of that distant region, including Bactria and the Upper Oxus Valley, which as a field of exploration had attracted me long before I set foot in India. Notwithstanding its great elevation, the Wakhjīr Pass and its approaches both from west and east are comparatively easy. Comparing the topographical facts with Hiuen-Tsiang’s account in the Si yu-ki, I am led to conclude that the route followed by the great Chinese Pilgrim, when travelling about A.D. 649 from Badakshān towards Khotan, through ‘the valley of Po-mi-lo (Pamir)’ into Sarīkol, actually traversed this Pass.”

Dr. Stein adds in his notes to me that “Marco Polo’s description of the forty days’ journey to the E.N.E. of Vokhan as through tracts of wilderness can well be appreciated by any one who has passed through the Pamir Region, in the direction of the valleys W. and N. of Muztagh Ata. After leaving Táshkurghan and Tagharma, where there is some precarious cultivation, there is no local produce to be obtained until the oasis of Tashmalik is reached in the open Kashgar plains. In the narrow valley of the Yamanyar River (Gez Defile) there is scarcely any grazing; its appearance is far more desolate than that of the elevated Pamirs.”—“Marco Polo’s praise (p. 181) of the gardens and vine-yards of Kashgar is well deserved; also the remark about the trading enterprise of its merchants still holds good, if judged by the standard of Chinese Turkestan. Kashgar traders visit Khotan far more frequently than vice versa. It is strange that no certain remains of Nestorian worship can be traced now.”—“My impression [Dr. Stein’s] of the people of the Khotan oasis (p. 188) was that they are certainly a meeker and more docile race than e.g. the average ‘Kashgarlik’ or Yarkandi. The very small number of the Chinese garrison of the districts Khotan and Keria (only about 200 men) bears out this impression.”

We may refer for the ancient sites, history, etc., of Khotan to the Preliminary Report of Dr. Stein and to his paper in the Geographical Journal for December, 1902, actually in the press.

5.—Number of Pamirs. (Vol. i. p. 176.)

Lord Curzon gives the following list of the “eight claimants to the distinction and title of a Pamir”: (1) Taghdumbash, or Supreme Head of the Mountains Pamir, lying immediately below and to the north of the Kilik Pass. (2) The Pamir-i-Wakhan. (3) The Pamir-i-Khurd, or Little Pamir. (4) The Pamir-i-Kalan, or Great Pamir. (5) The Alichur Pamir. (6) The Sarez Pamir. (7) The Rang Kul Pamir. (8) The Khargosh or Hare Pamir, which contains the basin of the Great Kara Kul. See this most valuable paper, The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus, reprinted from the Geographical Journal of 1896, in 1896, 1898, and 1899.

Some of the objects found by Dr. M. A. Stein in Central Asia.

6.—Pein. (Vol. i. p. 192.)

Dr. M. A. Stein, of the Indian Educational Service, appears to have exactly identified the site of Pein, during his recent archæological researches in Central Asia; he writes (Prel. Report on a Journey of Archæological and Topog. Exploration in Chinese Turkestan, Lond., 1901, pp. 58–59): “Various antiquarian and topographical considerations made me anxious to identify the position of the town of Pi-mo, which Hiuen-Tsiang describes as some 300 li to the east of the Khotan capital. It was probably the same place as the Pein, visited by Marco Polo. After marching back along the Keriya River for four days, I struck to the south-west, and, after three more marches, arrived in the vicinity of Lachin-Ata Mazar, a desolate little shrine in the desert to the north of the Khotan-Keriya route. Though our search was rendered difficult by the insufficiency of guides and the want of water, I succeeded during the following few days in tracing the extensive ruined site which previous information had led me to look for in that vicinity. ‘Uzun-Tati’ (‘the distant Tati,’) as the débris-covered area is locally designated, corresponds in its position and the character of its remains exactly to the description of Pi-mo. Owing to far-advanced erosion and the destruction dealt by treasure-seekers, the structural remains are very scanty indeed. But the débris, including bits of glass, pottery, china, small objects in brass and stone, etc., is plentiful enough, and in conjunction with the late Chinese coins found here, leaves no doubt as to the site having been occupied up to the Middle Ages.”

Our itinerary should therefore run from Khotan to Uzun Tati, and thence to Nia, leaving Kiria to the south; indeed Kiria is not an ancient place.—H. C.

MARCO POLO’S ITINERARY CORRECTED

Mr. E. J. Rapson, of the British Museum, with the kind permission of Dr. Stein, has sent me a photograph (which we reproduce) of coins and miscellaneous objects found at Uzun Tati. Coin (1) bears the nien-hao (title of reign) Pao Yuen (1038–1040) of the Emperor Jen Tsung, of the Sung Dynasty; Coin (2) bears the nien-hao, K’ien Yuen (758–760) of the Emperor Su Tsung of the T’ang Dynasty; Coin (3) is of the time of the Khan of Turkestan, Muhammad Arslān Khan, about 441 A.H. = 1049 A.D. From the description sent to me by Mr. Rapson and written by Mr. Andrews, I note that the miscellaneous objects include: “Two fragments of fine Chinese porcelain, highly glazed and painted with Chinese ornament in blue. That on the left is painted on both sides, and appears to be portion of rim of a bowl. Thickness ³⁄₃₂ of an inch. That to the right is slightly coarser, and is probably portion of a larger vessel. Thickness ¼ inch (nearly). A third fragment of porcelain, shown at bottom of photo, is decorated roughly in a neutral brown colour, which has imperfectly ‘fluxed.’ It, also, appears to be Chinese. Thickness ⅛ inch (nearly).—A brass or bronze object, cast. Probably portion of a clasp or buckle.—A brass finger ring containing a piece of mottled green glass held loosely in place by a turned-over denticulated rim. The metal is very thin.”—H. C.

7.—Fire-arms. (Vol. i. p. 342.)

From a paper on Siam’s Intercourse with China, published by Lieutenant-Colonel Gerini in the Asiatic Quarterly Review for October, 1902, it would appear that fire-arms were mentioned for the first time in Siamese Records during the Lāu invasion and the siege of Swankhalôk (from 1085 to 1097 A.D.); it is too early a date for the introduction of fire-arms, though it would look “much more like an anachronism were the advent of these implements of warfare [were] placed, in blind reliance upon the Northern Chronicles, still a few centuries back. The most curious of it all is, however, the statement as to the weapons in question having been introduced into the country from China.” Following W. F. Mayers in his valuable contributions to the Jour. North-China B. R. A. S., 1869–1870, Colonel Gerini, who, of course, did not know of Dr. Schlegel’s paper, adds: “It was not until the reign of the Emperor Yung Lê, and on occasion of the invasion of Tonkin in A.D. 1407, that the Chinese acquired the knowledge of the propulsive effect of gunpowder, from their vanquished enemies.”

8.—La Couvade. (Vol. ii. [p. 91].)

Mr. H. Ling Roth has given an interesting paper entitled On the Signification of Couvade, in the Journ. Anthropological Institute, XXII. 1893, pp. 204–243. He writes (pp. 221–222):—“From this survey it would seem in the first place that we want a great deal more information about the custom in the widely isolated cases where it has been reported, and secondly, that the authenticity of some of the reported cases is doubtful in consequence of authors repeating their predecessors’ tales, as Colquhoun did Marco Polo’s, and V. der Haart did Schouten’s. I should not be at all surprised if ultimately both Polo’s and Schouten’s accounts turned out to be myths, both these travellers making their records at a time when the Old World was full of the tales of the New, so that in the end, we may yet find the custom is not, nor ever has been, so widespread as is generally supposed to have been the case.”

I do not very well see how Polo, in the 13th and 14th centuries could make his record at a time when the Old World was full of the tales of the New, discovered at the end of the 15th century! Unless Mr. Ling Roth supposes the Venetian Traveller acquainted with the various theories of the Pre-Columbian discovery of America!!

9.—Alacan. (Vol. ii. pp. [255] and [261].)

Dr. G. Schlegel writes, in the T’oung Pao (May, 1898, p. 153): “Abakan or Abachan ought to be written Alahan. His name is written by the Chinese Ats’zehan and by the Japanese Asikan; but this is because they have both confounded the character lah with the character ts’ze; the old sound of [the last] character [of the name] was kan and is always used by the Chinese when wanting to transcribe the title Khan or Chan. Marco Polo’s Abacan is a clerical error for Alacan.”

10.—Champa. (Vol. ii. [p. 268].)

In Ma Huan’s account of the Kingdom of Siam, transl. by Mr. Phillips (Jour. China B. R. A. S., XXI. 1886, pp. 35–36) we read: “Their marriage ceremonies are as follows:—They first invite the priest to conduct the bridegroom to the bride’s house, and on arrival there the priest exacts the ‘droit seigneurial,’ and then she is introduced to the bridegroom.”

11.—Ruck Quills. (Vol. ii. [p. 421].)

Regarding Ruck Quills, Sir H. Yule wrote in the Academy, 22nd March, 1884, pp. 204–405:—

“I suggested that this might possibly have been some vegetable production, such as a great frond of the Ravenala (Urania speciosa) cooked to pass as a ruc’s quill. (Marco Polo, first edition, ii. 354; second edition, ii. 414.) Mr. Sibree, in his excellent book on Madagascar (The Great African Island, 1880) noticed this, but said:

“‘It is much more likely that they [the ruc’s quills] were the immensely long midribs of the leaves of the rofia palm. These are from twenty to thirty feet long, and are not at all unlike an enormous quill stripped of the feathering portion’” (p. 55).

In another passage he describes the palm, Sagus ruffia (? raphia):

“The rofia has a trunk of from thirty to fifty feet in height, and at the head divides into seven or eight immensely long leaves. The midrib of these leaves is a very strong, but extremely light and straight pole.... These poles are often twenty feet or more in length, and the leaves proper consist of a great number of fine and long pinnate leaflets, set at right angles to the midrib, from eighteen to twenty inches long, and about one and a half broad,” etc. (pp. 74, 75).

When Sir John Kirk came home in 1881–1882, I spoke to him on the subject, and he felt confident that the rofia or raphia palm-fronds were the original of the ruc’s quills. He also kindly volunteered to send me a specimen on his return to Zanzibar. This he did not forget, and some time ago there arrived at the India Office not one, but four of these ruc’s quills. In the letter which announced this despatch Sir John says:—

“I send to-day per s.s. Arcot ... four fronds of the Raphia palm, called here ‘Moale.’ They are just as sold and shipped up and down the coast. No doubt they were sent in Marco Polo’s time in exactly the same state, i.e. stripped of their leaflets, and with the tip broken off. They are used for making stages and ladders, and last long if kept dry. They are also made into doors, by being cut into lengths, and pinned through. The stages are made of three, like tripods, and used for picking cloves from the higher branches.”

The largest of the four midribs sent (they do not differ much) is 25 feet 4 inches long, measuring 12 inches in girth at the butt, and 5 inches at the upper end. I calculate that if it originally came to a point the whole length would be 45 feet, but, as this would not be so, we may estimate it at 35 to 40 feet. The thick part is deeply hollowed on the upper (?) side, leaving the section of the solid butt in form a thick crescent. The leaflets are all gone, but when entire, the object must have strongly resembled a Brobdingnagian feather. Compare this description with that of Padre Bolivar in Ludolf, referred to above.

“In aliquibus ... regionibus vidi pennas alae istius avis prodigiosae, licet avem non viderim, Penna illa, prout ex formâ colligebatur, erat ex mediocribus, longitudine 28 palmorum, latitudine trium. Calamus vero a radice usque ad extremitatem longitudine quinque palmorum, densitatis instar brachii moderati, robustissimus erat et durus. Pennulae inter se aequales et bene compositae, ut vix ab invicem nisi cum violentiâ divellerentur. Colore erant valdê nigro, calamus colore albo.” (Ludolfi, ad suam Hist. Aethiop., Comment., p. 164.)

The last particular, as to colour, I am not able to explain: the others correspond well. The palmus in this passage may be anything from 9 to 10 inches.

I see this tree is mentioned by Captain R. F. Burton in his volume on the Lake Regions (vol. xxix. of the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, p. 34),[1] and probably by many other travellers.

I ought to mention here that some other object has been shown at Zanzibar as part of the wings of a great bird. Sir John Kirk writes that this (which he does not describe particularly) was in the possession of the Roman Catholic priests at Bagamoyo, to whom it had been given by natives of the interior, who declared that they had brought it from Tanganyika, and that it was part of the wing of a gigantic bird. On another occasion they repeated this statement, alleging that this bird was known in the Udoe (?) country near the coast. These priests were able to communicate directly with their informants, and certainly believed the story. Dr. Hildebrand, also, a competent German naturalist, believed in it. But Sir John Kirk himself says that “what the priests had to show was most undoubtedly the whalebone of a comparatively small whale.”

12.—A Spanish Edition of Marco Polo.

As we go to press we receive the newly published volume, El Libro de Marco Polo—Aus dem vermächtnis des Dr. Hermann Knust nach der Madrider Handschrift herausgegeben von Dr. R. Stuebe. Leipzig, Dr. Seele & Co., 1902, 8vo., pp. xxvi.–114. It reproduces the old Spanish text of the manuscript Z-I-2 of the Escurial Library from a copy made by Señor D. José Rodriguez for the Society of the Spanish Bibliophiles, which, being unused, was sold by him to Dr. Hermann Knust, who made a careful comparison of it with the original manuscript. This copy, found among the papers of Dr. Knust after his death, is now edited by Dr. Stuebe. The original 14th century MS., written in a good hand on two columns, includes 312 leaves of parchment, and contains several works; among them we note: 1°, a Collection entitled Flor de las Ystorias de Oriente (fol. 1–104), made on the advice of Juan Fernandez de Heredia, Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1377), of which Marco Polo (fol. 50–104) is a part; 2° and Secretum Secretorum (fol. 254 r-fol. 312 v.); this MS. is not mentioned in our List, App. F., II. p. 546, unless it be our No. 60.

The manuscript includes 68 chapters, the first of which is devoted to the City of Lob and Sha-chau, corresponding to our Bk. I., ch. 39 and 40 (our vol. i. pp. 196 seqq.); ch. 65 (p. 111) corresponds approximatively to our ch. 40, Bk. III. (vol. ii. [p. 451]); chs. 66, 67, and the last, 68, would answer to our chs. 2, 3, and 4 of Bk. I. (vol i., pp. 45 seqq.). A concordance of this Spanish text, with Pauthier’s, Yule’s, and the Geographic Texts, is carefully given at the beginning of each of the 68 chapters of the Book.

Of course this edition does not throw any new light on the text, and this volume is but a matter of curiosity.

13.—Sir John Mandeville.

One of the last questions in which Sir Henry Yule[2] took an interest in, was the problem of the authorship of the book of Travels which bears the name of Sir John Mandeville, the worthy Knight, who, after being for a long time considered as the “Father of English Prose” has become simply “the name claimed by the compiler of a singular book of Travels, written in French, and published between 1357 and 1371.”[3]

It was understood that “Johan Maundeuille, chiualer, ia soit ceo qe ieo ne soie dignes, neez et norriz Dengleterre de la ville Seint Alban,” crossed the sea “lan millesme ccc^me vintisme et secund, le iour de Seint Michel,”[4] that he travelled since across the whole of Asia during the 14th century, that he wrote the relation of his travels as a rest after his fatiguing peregrinations, and that he died on the 17th of November, 1372, at Liège, when he was buried in the Church of the Guillemins.

No work has enjoyed a greater popularity than Mandeville’s; while we describe but eighty-five manuscripts of Marco Polo’s, and I gave a list of seventy-three manuscripts of Friar Odoric’s relation,[5] it is by hundreds that Mandeville’s manuscripts can be reckoned. As to the printed editions, they are, so to speak, numberless; Mr. Carl Schönborn[6] gave in 1840, an incomplete bibliography; Tobler in his Bibliographia geographica Palestinae (1867),[7] and Röhricht[8] after him compiled a better bibliography, to which may be added my own lists in the Bibliotheca Sinica[9] and in the T’oung-Pao.[10]

Campbell, Ann. de la Typog. néerlandaise, 1874, p. 338, mentions a Dutch edition: Reysen int heilighe lant, s.l.n.d., folio, of which but two copies are known, and which must be dated as far back as 1470 [see p. 600]. I believed hitherto (I am not yet sure that Campbell is right as to his date) that the first printed edition was German, s.l.n.d., very likely printed at Basel, about 1475, discovered by Tross, the Paris Bookseller.[11] The next editions are the French of the 4th April, 1480,[12] and 8th February of the same year,[13] Easter being the 2nd of April, then the Latin,[14] Dutch,[15] and Italian[16] editions, and after the English editions of Pynson and Wynkin de Worde.

In what tongue was Mandeville’s Book written?

The fact that the first edition of it was printed either in German or in Dutch, only shows that the scientific progress was greater and printing more active in such towns as Basel, Nuremberg and Augsburg than in others. At first, one might believe that there were three original texts, probably in French, English, and vulgar Latin; the Dean of Tongres, Radulphus of Rivo, a native of Breda, writes indeed in his Gesta Pontificum Leodiensium, 1616, p. 17: “Hoc anno Ioannes Mandeuilius natione Anglus vir ingenio, & arte medendi eminens, qui toto fere terrarum orbe peragrato, tribus linguis peregrinationem suam doctissime conscripsit, in alium orbê nullis finibus clausum, lōgeque hoc quietiorem, & beatiorem migrauit 17. Nouembris. Sepultus in Ecclesia Wilhelmitarum non procul à moenibus Ciuitatis Leodiensis.” The Dean of Tongres died in 1483;[17] Mr. Warner, on the authority of the Bulletin de l’Inst. Archéol. Liégeois, xvi. 1882, p. 358, gives 1403 as the date of the death of Radulphus. However, Mandeville himself says (Warner, Harley, 4383) at the end of his introduction, p. 3:—“Et sachez qe ieusse cest escript mis en latyn pur pluis briefment deuiser; mes, pur ceo qe plusours entendent mieltz romantz qe latin, ieo lay mys en romance, pur ceo qe chescun lentende et luy chiualers et les seignurs et lez autres nobles homes qi ne sciuent point de latin ou poy, et qount estee outre meer, sachent et entendent, si ieo dye voir ou noun, et si ieo erre en deuisant par noun souenance ou autrement, qils le puissent adresser et amender, qar choses de long temps passez par la veue tornent en obly, et memorie de homme ne puet mye tot retenir ne comprendre.” From this passage and from the Latin text: “Incipit itinerarius a terra Angliæ ad partes Iherosolimitanas et in ulteriores transmarinas, editus primo in lingua gallicana a milite suo autore anno incarnacionis Domini m. ccc. lv, in civitate Leodiensi, et paulo post in eadem civitate translatus in hanc formam latinam.” (P. 33 of the Relation des Mongols ou Tartars par le frère Jean du Plan de Carpin, Paris, 1838). D’Avezac long ago was inclined to believe in an unique French version. The British Museum, English MS. (Cott., Titus. C. xvi.), on the other hand, has in the Prologue (cf. ed. 1725, p. 6): “And zee schulle undirstonde, that I have put this Boke out of Latyn into Frensche, and translated it azen out of Frensche into Englyssche, that every Man of my Nacioun may undirstonde it....”[18]

But we shall see that—without taking into account the important passage in French quoted above, and probably misunderstood by the English translator—the English version, a sentence of which, not to be found in the Latin manuscripts, has just been given, is certainly posterior to the French text, and therefore that the abstract of Titus C. xvi, has but a slight value. There can be some doubt only for the French and the Latin texts.

Dr. Carl Schönborn[19] and Herr Eduard Mätzner,[20] “respectively seem to have been the first to show that the current Latin and English texts cannot possibly have been made by Mandeville himself. Dr. J. Vogels states the same of unprinted Latin versions which he has discovered in the British Museum, and he has proved it as regards the Italian version.”[21]

“In Latin, as Dr. Vogels has shown, there are five independent versions. Four of them, which apparently originated in England (one manuscript, now at Leyden, being dated in 1390) have no special interest; the fifth, or vulgate Latin text, was no doubt made at Liège, and has an important bearing on the author’s identity. It is found in twelve manuscripts, all of the 15th century, and is the only Latin version as yet printed.”[22]

The universal use of the French language at the time would be an argument in favour of the original text being in this tongue, if corrupt proper names, abbreviations in the Latin text, etc., did not make the fact still more probable.

The story of the English version, as it is told by Messrs. Nicholson and Warner, is highly interesting: The English version was made from a “mutilated archetype,” in French (Warner, p. x.) of the beginning of the 15th century, and was used for all the known English manuscripts, with the exception of the Cotton and Egerton volumes—and also for all the printed editions until 1725. Mr. Nicholson[23] pointed out that it is defective in the passage extending from p. 36, l. 7: “And there were to ben 5 Soudans,” to p. 62, l. 25: “the Monkes of the Abbeye of ten tyme,” in Halliwell’s edition (1839) from Titus C. xvi. which corresponds to Mr. Warner’s Egerton text, p. 18, l. 21: “for the Sowdan,” and p. 32, l. 16, “synges oft tyme.” It is this bad text which, until 1725,[24] has been printed as we just said, with numerous variants, including the poor edition of Mr. Ashton[25] who has given the text of East instead of the Cotton text under the pretext that the latter was not legible.[26]

Two revisions of the English version were made during the first quarter of the 15th century; one is represented by the British Museum Egerton MS. 1982 and the abbreviated Bodleian MS. e. Mus. 116; the other by the Cotton MS. Titus C. xvi. This last one gives the text of the edition of 1725 often reprinted till Halliwell’s (1839 and 1866).[27] The Egerton MS. 1982 has been reproduced in a magnificent volume edited in 1889 for the Roxburghe Club par Mr. G. F. Warner, of the British Museum;[28] this edition includes also the French text from the Harley MS. 4383 which, being defective from the middle of chap. xxii. has been completed with the Royal MS. 20 B. X. Indeed the Egerton MS. 1982 is the only complete English manuscript of the British Museum,[29] as, besides seven copies of the defective text, three leaves are missing in the Cotton MS. after f. 53, the text of the edition of 1725 having been completed with the Royal MS. 17 B.[30]

Notwithstanding its great popularity, Mandeville’s Book could not fail to strike with its similarity with other books of travels, with Friar Odoric’s among others. This similarity has been the cause that occasionally the Franciscan Friar was given as a companion to the Knight of St. Albans, for instance, in the manuscripts of Mayence and Wolfenbüttel.[31] Some Commentators have gone too far in their appreciation and the Udine monk has been treated either as a plagiary or a liar! Old Samuel Purchas, in his address to the Reader printed at the beginning of Marco Polo’s text (p. 65), calls his countryman! Mandeville the greatest Asian traveller next (if next) to Marco Polo, and he leaves us to understand that the worthy knight has been pillaged by some priest![32] Astley uses strong language; he calls Odoric a great liar![33]

Others are fair in their judgment, Malte-Brun, for instance, marked what Mandeville borrowed from Odoric, and La Renaudière is also very just in the Biographie Universelle. But what Malte-Brun and La Renaudière showed in a general manner, other learned men, such as Dr. S. Bormans, Sir Henry Yule, Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson,[34] Dr. J. Vogels,[35] M. Léopold Delisle, Herr A. Bovenschen,[36] and last, not least, Dr. G. F. Warner, have in our days proved that not only has the book bearing Mandeville’s name been compiled from the works of Vincent of Beauvais, Jacques of Vitry, Boldensel, Carpini, Odoric, etc., but that it was written neither by a Knight of St. Albans, by an Englishman, or by a Sir John Mandeville, but very likely by the physician John of Burgundy or John a Beard.

In a repertory of La Librairie de la Collégiale de Saint Paul à Liège au XV^e. Siècle, published by Dr. Stanislas Bormans, in the Bibliophile Belge, Brussels, 1866, p. 236, is catalogued under No. 240: Legenda de Joseph et Asseneth ejus uxore, in papiro. In eodem itinerarium Johannis de Mandevilla militis, apud guilhelmitanos Leodienses sepulti.

Dr. S. Bormans has added the following note: “Jean Mandeville, ou Manduith, théologien et mathématicien, était né à St. Alban en Angleterre d’une famille noble. On le surnomma pour un motif inconnu, ad Barbam et magnovillanus. En 1322, il traversa la France pour aller en Asie, servit quelque temps dans les troupes du Sultan d’Egypte et revint seulement en 1355 en Angleterre. Il mourut à Liège chez les Guilhemins, le 17th Novembre, 1372. Il laissa au dit monastère plusieurs MSS. de ses œuvres fort vantés, tant de ses voyages que de la médecine, écrits de sa main; il y avait encore en ladite maison plusieurs meubles qu’il leur laissa pour mémoire. Il a laissé quelques livres de médecine qui n’ont jamais été imprimés, des tabulae astronomicae, de chorda recta et umbra, de doctrina theologica. La relation de son voyage est en latin, français et anglais; il raconte, en y mêlant beaucoup de fables, ce qu’il a vu de curieux en Egypte, en Arabie et en Perse.”

Then is inserted, an abstract from Lefort, Liège Herald, at the end of the 17th century, from Jean d’Outremeuse, which we quote from another publication of Dr. Bormans’ as it contains the final sentence: “Mort enfin, etc.” not to be found in the paper of the Bibliophile Belge.

In his introduction to the Chronique et geste de Jean des Preis dit d’Outremeuse, Brussels, F. Hayez, 1887 (Collection des Chroniques belges inédites), Dr. Stanislas Bormans writes, pp. cxxxiii.–cxxxiv.: “L’an M.CCC.LXXII, mourut à Liège, le 12 Novembre, un homme fort distingué par sa naissance, avant de s’y faire connoître sous le nom de Jean de Bourgogne dit à la Barbe. Il s’ouvrit néanmoins au lit de la mort à Jean d’Outremeuse, son compère, et institué son exécuteur testamentaire. De vrai il se titra, dans le précis de sa dernière volonté, messire Jean de Mandeville, chevalier, comte de Montfort en Angleterre, et seigneur de l’isle de Campdi et du château Perouse. Ayant cependant eu le malheur de tuer, en son pays, un comte qu’il ne nomme pas, il s’engagea à parcourir les trois parties du monde. Vint à Liège en 1343. Tout sorti qu’il étoit d’une noblesse très-distinguée, il aima de s’y tenir caché. Il étoit, au reste, grand naturaliste, profond philosophe et astrologue, y joint en particulier une connoissance très singulière de la physique, se trompant rarement lorsqu’il disoit son sentiment à l’égard d’un malade, s’il en reviendroit ou pas. Mort enfin, on l’enterra aux F. F. Guillelmins, au faubourg d’Avroy, comme vous avez vu plus amplement cydessous.”

It is not the first time that the names Jean de Mandeville and Jean à la Barbe are to be met with, as Ortelius, in his description of Liège, included in his Itinerary of Belgium, has given the epitaph of the knightly physician:[37(1)]

“Leodium primo aspectu ostentat in sinistra ripa (nam dextra vinetis plena est,) magna, & populosa suburbia ad collium radices, in quorum iugis multa sunt, & pulcherrima Monasteria, inter quae magnificum illud ac nobile D. Laurentio dicatum ab Raginardo episcopo, vt habet Sigebertus, circa ann. sal. M.XXV aedificatum est in hac quoq. regione Guilelmitarū Coenobium in quo epitaphiū hoc Ioannis à Mandeuille excepimus: Hic iacet vir nobilis Dn̄s Ioēs de Mandeville al Dcvs ad barbam miles dn̄s de Cāpdi natvs de Anglia medicīe pfessor devotissimvs orator et bonorvm largissimvs paupribus erogator qvi toto qvasi orbe lvstrato leodii diem vite sve clavsit extremvm āno Dni M CCC° LXXI°[37(2)] mēnsis novēbr die XVII.[37(3)]

“Haec in lapide, in quo caelata viri armati imago, leonem calcantis, barba bifurcata, ad caput manus benedicens, & vernacula haec verba: vos ki paseis sor mi pour lamovr deix proies por mi. Clypeus erat vacuus, in quo olim laminam fuisse dicebant æream, & eius in ea itidem caelata insignia, leonem videlicet argenteum, cui ad pectus lunula rubea, in campo caeruleo, quem limbus ambiret denticulatus ex auro, eius nobis ostendebāt & cultros, ephippiaque, & calcaria, quibus vsum fuisse asserebat in peragrando toto fere terrarum orbe, vt clarius eius testatur itinerarium, quod typis etiam excusum passim habetur.”[37]

Dr. Warner writes in the National Biography:

“There is abundant proof that the tomb of the author of the Travels was to be seen in the Church of the Guillemins or Guillelmites at Liège down to the demolition of the building in 1798. The fact of his burial there, with the date of his death, 17th November, 1372, was published by Bale in 1548 (Summarium, f. 149 b), and was confirmed independently by Jacob Meyer (Annales rerum Flandric., 1561, p. 165) and Lud. Guicciardini. (Paesi Bassi, 1567, p. 281.)”

In a letter dated from Bodley’s Library, 17th March, 1884, to The Academy, 12th April, 1884, No. 623, Mr. Edward B. Nicholson drew attention to the abstract from Jean d’Outremeuse, and came to the conclusion that the writer of Mandeville’s relation was a profound liar, and that he was the Liège Professor of Medicine, John of Burgundy or à la Barbe. He adds: “If, in the matter of literary honesty, John a Beard was a bit of a knave, he was very certainly no fool.”

On the other hand, M. Léopold Delisle,[38] has shown that two manuscripts, Nouv. acq. franç. 4515 (Barrois, 24) and Nouv. acq. franç. 4516 (Barrois, 185), were part formerly of one volume copied in 1371 by Raoulet of Orleans and given in the same year to King Charles V. by his physician Gervaise Crestien, viz. one year before the death of the so-called Mandeville; one of these manuscripts—now separate—contains the Book of Jehan de Mandeville, the other one, a treatise of “la preservacion de epidimie, minucion ou curacion d’icelle faite de maistre Jehan de Bourgoigne, autrement dit à la Barbe, professeur en médicine et cytoien du Liège,” in 1365. This bringing together is certainly not fortuitous.

Sir Henry Yule traces thus the sources of the spurious work: “Even in that part of the book which may be admitted with probability to represent some genuine experience, there are distinct traces that another work has been made use of, more or less, as an aid in the compilation, we might almost say, as a framework to fill up. This is the itinerary of the German knight William of Boldensele, written in 1336 at the desire of Cardinal Talleyrand de Perigord. A cursory comparison of this with Mandeville leaves no doubt of the fact that the latter has followed its thread, using its suggestions, and on many subjects its expressions, though digressing and expanding on every side, and too often eliminating the singular good sense of the German traveller. After such a comparison we may indicate as examples Boldensele’s account of Cyprus (Mandeville, Halliwell’s ed. 1866, p. 28, and p. 10), of Tyre and the coast of Palestine (Mandeville, 29, 30, 33, 34), of the journey from Gaza to Egypt (34), passages about Babylon of Egypt (40), about Mecca (42), the general account of Egypt (45), the pyramids (52), some of the particular wonders of Cairo, such as the slave-market, the chicken-hatching stoves, and the apples of Paradise, i.e. plantains (49), the Red Sea (57), the convent on Sinai (58, 60), the account of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (74–76), etc.”

He adds: “It is curious that no passage in Mandeville can be plausibly traced to Marco Polo, with one exception. This is (Halliwell’s ed., p. 163) where he states that at Ormus the people, during the great heat, lie in water,—a circumstance mentioned by Polo, though not by Odoric. We should suppose it most likely that this fact had been interpolated in the copy of Odoric used by Mandeville; for, if he had borrowed it direct from Polo, he would have borrowed more.” (Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 474.)

“Leaving this question, there remains the more complex one whether the book contains, in any measure, facts and knowledge acquired by actual travels and residence in the East. We believe that it may, but only as a small portion of the whole, and that confined entirely to the section of the work which treats of the Holy Land, and of the different ways of getting thither, as well as of Egypt, and in general of what we understand by the Levant.” (Ibid. p. 473.)

Dr. Warner deals the final blow in the National Biography: “The alphabets which he gives have won him some credit as a linguist, but only the Greek and the Hebrew (which were readily accessible) are what they pretend to be, and that which he calls Saracen actually comes from the Cosmographia of Æthicus! His knowledge of Mohammedanism and its Arabic formulæ impressed even Yule. He was, however, wholly indebted for that information to the Liber de Statu Saracenorum of William of Tripoli (circa 1270), as he was to the Historiæ Orientis of Hetoum, the Armenian (1307), for much of what he wrote about Egypt. In the last case, indeed, he shows a rare sign of independence, for he does not, with Hetoum, end his history of the sultanate about 1300, but carries it onto the death of En-Násir (1341), and names two of his successors. Although his statements about them are not historically accurate, this fact and a few other details suggest that he may really have been in Egypt, if not at Jerusalem, but the proportion of original matter is so very far short of what might be expected that even this is extremely doubtful.”

With this final quotation, we may take leave of John of Mandeville, aliàs John a Beard.H. C.

[1] “The raphia, here called the ‘Devil’s date,’ is celebrated as having the largest leaf in the vegetable Kingdom,” etc. In his translation of Lacerda’s journey he calls it Raphia vinifera.

[2] Mandeville, Jehan de [By Edward Byron Nicholson, M.A., and Colonel Henry Yule, C.B.] Ext. from the Encyclopæd. Britan. 9th ed., xv. 1883, ppt. 4to., pp. 4.

[3] Encyclop. Brit. xv. p. 473.

[4] British Museum, Harley, 4383, f. 1 verso.

[5] Les Voyages en Asie au XIV^e siècle du Bienheureux frère Odoric de Pordenone. Paris, 1891, p. cxvi.

[6] Bibliographische Untersuchungen über die Reise-Beschreibung des Sir John Maundeville.—Dem Herrn Samuel Gottfried Reiche, Rector und Professor des Gymnasiums zu St. Elisabet in Breslau und Vice-Präses der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Cultur, Ritter des rothen Adlerordens, zur Feier Seines Amts-Jubelfestes am 30. October 1840 im Namen des Gymnasiums zu St. Maria Magdalena gewidmet von Dr. Carl. Schönborn, Director, Rector und Professor.—Breslau, gedruckt bei Grass, Barth und Comp., ppt. 4to. pp. 24.

[7] Bibliographia geographica Palaestinae. Zunächst kritische Uebersicht gedruckter und ungedruckter Beschreibungen der Reisen ins heilige Land. Von Titus Tobler.—Leipzig, Verlag von S. Hirzel. 1867, 8vo., pp. iv.–265.=: C. 1336 (1322–1356). Der englische ritter John Maundeville, pp. 36–39.

[8] Bibliotheca geographica Palestinae. Chronologisches Verzeichniss der auf die Geographie des Heiligen Landes bezüglichen Literatur von 333 bis 1878 und Versuch einer Cartographie. Herausgegeben von Reinhold Röhricht. Berlin, H. Reuther, 1890, 8vo, pp. xx–742.

[9] Bibliotheca Sinica.—Dictionnaire bibliographique des ouvrages relatifs à l’empire chinois par Henri Cordier. Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1878–1895, 3 vol. 8vo. col. 943–959, 1921–1927, 2201.

[10] Jean de Mandeville. Ext. du T’oung Pao, vol. ii. No. 4, Leide, E. J. Brill, 1891, 8vo, pp. 38.

[11] Jch Otto von diemeringen ein ‖ Thůmherre zů Metz in Lothoringen . han dises bůch verwandelvsz ‖ welschs vnd vsz latin zů tütsch durch das die tütschen lüte ouch moͤgent ‖ dar inne lesen von menigen wunderlichen sachen die dor inne geschribe ‖ sind . von fremden landen vn̄ fremden tieren von fremden lüten vnd von ‖ irem glouben . von iren wesen von iren kleidern . vnd vō vil andern wun ‖ deren als hie noch in den capitelen geschriben stat. Und ist das bůch in ‖ fünf teil geteilt vnd saget das erst bůch von den landen vnd von den we ‖ gen vsz tütschen nider landen gen Jerusalem zů varen . vnd zů sant Ka | ‖ therinē grab vnd zů dem berg Synai . vnd von den landen vnd von den ‖ wundern die man vnterwegen do zwischen vinden mag. Jtem von des ‖ herren gewalt vnd herrschafft der do heisset der Soldan vnd von sinem ‖ wesen. Das ander bůch saget ob ymant wolt alle welt vmbfaren was ‖ lands vnd was wunders er vinden moͤcht. Jn manchen steten vn in vil ‖ insulen dor inne er kame . vnd saget ouch von den wegen vnd von den lā ‖ den vn̄ lüten was in des grossen herrē land ist. ȣ do heisset zů latin Ma ‖ gnus canis | das ist zů tütsch der grosz hunt. der ist so gar gewaltig vnd ‖ so rich das im vff erden an gold an edlem gestein vn̄an anderm richtům ‖ niemant gelichen mag . on allein priester Johann von Jndia. Das drit ‖ bůch saget von des vor genanten herren des grossen hůnds glowben vn̄ ‖ gewonheit vnd wie er von erst her komen ist vnd von andern sachen vil ‖ Das vierde bůch saget von jndia vnd von priester Johann vnd von siner ‖ herschafft . von sinem vrsprung vnd von siner heiligkeit von sinem glou | ‖ ben von siner gewonheit vnd vil andern wundern die in sinem lande sind ‖ Das fünfft bůch saget von manchen heydischen glouben vnd ir gewon | ‖ heit vn̄ ouch von menigerlei cristen glouben die gensit mers sint die doch ‖ nit gar vnsern glouben hand. Jtem von menigerlei Jüden glouben vnd ‖ wie vil cristen land sint vnd doch nicht vnsern glouben haltend noch re | ‖ chte cristen sind. Folio; black letter.

[12] Ce liure est eppelle ma // deuille et fut fait i compose // par monsieur iehan de man // deuille cheualier natif dāgle // terre de la uille de saīct aleī // Et parle de la terre de pro // mission cest assavoir de ieru // salem et de pluseurs autres // isles de mer et les diuerses i // estranges choses qui sont es // dites isles.

Ends recto f^o. 88: Cy finist ce tres plaisant // liure nome Mandeville par // lanc moult autentiquement // du pays et terre d’oultre mer // Et fut fait Lā Mil cccc // lxxx le 1111 iour dauril, s.l., without any printer’s name; small folio; ff. 88; sig. a (7 ff.)—l. (9 ff.); others 8 ff.—Grenville Library, 6775.

[13] F. 1 recto: Ce liure est appelle // mandeuille et fut fait et // compose par monsieur // iehan de mandeuille che // ualier natif dangleterre // de la uille de sainct alein // Et parle de la terre de // promission cest assauoir // de iherusalem et de plu // seurs autres isles de mer // et les diuerses et estran // ges choses qui sont esd’ // isles.—Ends verso f. 93: Cy finist ce tresplay // sant liure nōme Mande // uille parlāt moult anté // tiquement du pays r t’re // doultre mer Jmprime a // lyō sur le rosne Lan Mil cccclxxx le viii iour de // freuier a la requeste de // Maistre Bartholomieu // Buyer bourgoys du dit // lyon. Small folio.

[14] F. 1 recto. Jtinerarius domi//ni Johānis de mā//deville militis.—F. 2 recto: Tabula capitulorum in // itinerarium ad partes Jhe=// rosolimitanas.

ad vlterio // res trāsmarinas domini Jo//hannis de Mandeville mili//tis Jncipit feliciter.—F. 4. recto: Jncipit Itinerarius a ter//ra Anglie in ptes Jherosoli =//mitanas.

in vlteriores trās//marinas. editus primo in lī//gua gallicana a milite suo au//tore Anno incarnatōnis dn̄i //M. ccc. lv. in ciuitate Leodi // ensi.

paulo post in eadē ciui//tate trāslatus in hanc formā // latinam. //

Ends f. 71 verso: Explicit itinerarius domini // Johannis de Mandeville // militis. Small 4to, black letter, ff. 71 on a col., sig. a–i iij; a–h by 8 = 64 ff.; i, 7 ff.

[15] Reysen.—s.l.n.d., without printer’s name; fol. 108 ff. on 2 col. black letter, without sig., etc.

F. 1 recto: Dit is die tafel van // desen boecke // (D)at eerste capittel van // desen boeck is Hoe dat Jan vā//mandauille schyet wt enghe//lāt.... f. 108 v^o 26th line: regneert in allen tiden // Amen // ¶ Laus deo in altissimo //.

See Campbell, supra, p. 599.

[16] F. 1 verso: Tractato de le piu marauegliose cosse e piu notabile che // se trouano in le parte del mōdo redute

collecte soto bre//uita in el presente cōpēdio dal strenuissimo caualẽr sperō // doro Johanne de Mandauilla anglico nato ne la Citā // de sancto albano el quale secōdo dio prñcialmente uisi // tato quali tute le parte habitabel de el mōdo cossi fidelm̄ // te a notato tute quelle piu degne cosse che la trouato e ve//duto in esse parte

chi bene discorre q̃sto libro auerra p // fecta cognitione de tuti li reami p̱uincie natione e popu//li gente costumi leze hystorie

degne antiquitate cō bre//uitade le quale ꝑte da altri non sono tractate

parte piu // cōsusamēte dalchū gran ualente homini son state tocate

amagiore fede el p̃sato auctore in ꝑsona e stato nel 1322. in//yerusalem Jn Asia menore chiamata Turchia i Arme//nia grande e in la picola. Jn Scythia zoe in Tartaria in // persia Jn Syria o uero suria Jn Arabia in egipto alto //

in lo inferiore in libia in la parte grande de ethiopia in // Caldea in amazonia in india mazore in la meza

in la // menore in div’se sette de latini greci iudei e barbari chri//stiani

infideli

i molte altre prouincie como appare nel // tractato de sotto.—Ends f. 114 verso: Explicit Johannes d’Mādeuilla impressus Medio//lani ductu

auspicijs Magistri Petri de corneno pri // die Callendas augusti M.CCCCLXXX. Joha//ne Galeazo Maria Sfortia Vicecomitte Duce no // stro inuictissimo ac principe Jucondissimo. Small 4to; ff. 114; sig. a-o × 8 = 112 ff.; 1 f. between a and b.

[17] Gesta Pont. Leodiensium.—Vita Radvlphi de Rivo ex eius scriptis: “Obijt Radulphus anno, 1483.”

[18] This passage is not to be found in the Egerton MS. 1982, nor in the Latin versions.

[19] Bib. Untersuchungen.

[20] Altenglische Sprachproben nebst einem Wörterbuche unter Mitwirkung von Karl Goldbeck herausgegeben von Eduard Mätzner. Erster Band: Sprachproben. Zweite Abtheilung: Prosa. Berlin. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. (Vol. i. 1869, large 8vo, pp. 415; vol. i., John Maundeville, pp. 152–221.)

[21] Encyclopædia. Brit., p. 475.

[22] Nat. Biog. p. 23–24.

[23] The Academy, x. p. 477.—Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., XV., p. 475.

[24] The // Voiage // and // Travaile // of // Sir John Maundevile, kt. // Which Treateth of the // Way to Hierusalem; and of // Marvayles of Inde, // With other // Ilands and Countryes. //—Now publish’d entire from an Original MS. // in the Cotton Library. //—London: // Printed for J. Woodman, and D. Lyon, in // Russel-Street, Covent-Garden, and C. Davis, // in Hatton-Garden. 1725, 8vo, 5. ff. n. c. + pp. xvi.—384 + 4 ff. n. c.

[25] The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville Knight which treateth of the way towards Hierosallun and of marvayles of Inde with other ilands and countreys. Edited, Annotated, and Illustrated in Facsimile by John Ashton.... London, Pickering & Chatto, 1887, large 8vo., pp. xxiv.–289.

[26] L.c. p. vi.

[27] The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile, Kt. which treateth of the way to Hierusalem; and of Marvayles of Inde, with other ilands and countryes. Reprinted from the Edition of A.D. 1725. With an introduction, additional notes, and Glossary. By J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.A.S. London: Published by Edward Lumley, M.D.CCC.XXXIX., 8vo, pp. xvii.–xii.–326.

The Voiage and Travaille of Sir John Maundevile ... By J. O. Halliwell, London: F. S. Ellis, MDCCCLXVI., 8vo, pp xxxi.–326.

[28] The Buke of John Maundeuill being the Travels of sir John Mandeville, knight 1322–1356 a hitherto unpublished English version from the unique copy (Egerton Ms. 1982) in the British Museum edited together with the French text, notes, and an introduction by George F. Warner, M.A., F.S.A., assistant-keeper of Manuscripts in the British Museum. Illustrated with twenty-eight miniatures reproduced in facsimile from the additional MS. 24,189. Printed for the Roxburghe Club. Westminster, Nichols and Sons.... MDCCCLXXXIX., large 4to, pp. xlvi. + 232 + 28 miniatures.

[29] There are in the British Museum twenty-nine MSS. of Mandeville, of which ten are French, nine English, six Latin, three German, and one Irish. Cf. Warner, p. x.

[30] Cf. Warner, p. 61.

[31] Mayence, Chapter’s Library: “Incipit Itinerarius fidelis Fratris Oderici, socii Militis Mendavil, per Indiam.”—Wolfenbüttel, Ducal Library, No. 40, Weissemburg: “Incipit itinerarius fratris Oderici socii militis Mandauil per Indiam.”—Henri Cordier, Odoric de Pordenone, p. lxxii. and p. lxxv.

[32] Purchas, His Pilgrimes, 3rd Pt., London, 1625: “and, O that it were possible to doe as much for our Countriman Mandeuil, who next (if next) was the greatest Asian Traueller that euer the World had, & hauing falne amongst theeues, neither Priest, nor Leuite can know him, neither haue we hope of a Samaritan to releeue him.”

[33] Astley (iv. p. 620): “The next Traveller we meet with into Tartary, and the Eastern Countries, after Marco Polo, is Friar Odoric, of Udin in Friuli, a Cordelier; who set-about the Year 1318, and at his Return the Relation of it was drawn-up, from his own Mouth, by Friar William of Solanga, in 1330. Ramusio has inserted it in Italian, in the second Volume of his Collection; as Hakluyt, in his Navigations, has done the Latin, with an English Translation. This is a most superficial Relation, and full of Lies; such as People with the Heads of Beasts, and Valleys haunted with Spirits: In one of which he pretends to have entered, protected by the Sign of the Cross; yet fled for Fear, at the Sight of a Face that grinned at him. In short, though he relates some Things on the Tartars and Manci (as he writes Manji) which agree with Polo’s Account; yet it seems plain, from the Names of Places and other Circumstances, that he never was in those Countries, but imposed on the Public the few Informations he had from others, mixed with the many Fictions of his own. He set out again for the East in 1331; but warned, it seems, by an Apparition a few Miles from Padua, he returned thither, and died.” And a final blow in the index: “Oderic, Friar, Travels of, iv. 620 a. A great liar!!”

[34] E. B. Nicholson.—Letters to the Academy, 11th November, 1876; 12th February, 1881. E. B. N. and Henry Yule, Mandeville, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., 1883, pp. 472–475.

[35] Die ungedruckten Lateinischen Versionen Mandeville’s. (Beilage zum Programm des Gymnasiums zu Crefeld.) 1886.

[36] Untersuchungen über Johan von Mandeville und die Quellen seiner Reisebeschreibung. Von Albert Bovenschen. (Zeitschrift d. Ges. für Erdkunde zu Berlin, XXIII. Bd., 3 u. 4 Hft. No. 135, 136, pp. 177–306.)

[37] (1) Itinerarivm // per nonnv. las // Galliæ Belgicæ partes, // Abrahami Ortelii et // Ioannis Viviani. // Ad Gerardvm Mercatorem, // Cosmographvm. // Antverpiæ, // Ex officina Christophori Plantini. // clↄ. lↄ. lxxxiv. // small 8vo, pp. 15–16.

(2) Read 1372.

(3) Purchas, His Pilgrimes, 3rd Pt., Lond., 1625, reproduces it on p. 128: “Hic jacet vir nobilis, D. Ioannes de Mandeville, aliter dictus ad Barbam, Miles, Dominus de Campdi, natus de Anglia, Medicinæ Professor, deuotissimus, orator, & bonorum largissimus pauperibus erogator qui toto quasi orbe lustrato, Leodij diem vitæ suæ clausit extremum. Anno Dom. 1371, Mensis Nouembris, die 17.”

[38] Bibliothèque nationale:—Catalogue des manuscrits des fonds Libri et Barrois. Paris, 1888. 8vo. cf. pp. 251–253.