FOOTNOTES
[1]My book was entirely written before the second edition of Scott’s Studies appeared, which, had it been available, would have tempted me to escape some of the labour several of the chapters of this little book involved.
[2]The student would do well to read up the general geology of this very interesting subject. Such books as Lyell’s Principles of Geology, Geikie’s textbooks, and many others, provide information about the process of “mountain building” on which the form of our coalfields depends. A good elementary account is to be found in Watt’s Geology for Beginners, p. 96 et seq.
[3]See [note on p. 28].
[4]This refers only to the “coal-ball”-bearing seams; there are many other coals which have certainly collected in other ways. See Stopes & Watson, Appendix, p. 187.
[5]For a detailed list of the strata refer to Watts, p. 219 (see Appendix).
[6]Though the Angiosperm was not then evolved, the Gymnosperm stem has distinct vascular bundles arranged as are those of the Angiosperm, the difference here lies in the type of wood cells.
[7]The gametophyte generation (represented in the ferns by the prothallium on which the sexual organs develop) alternates with the large, leafy sporophyte. Refer to Scott’s volume on Flowerless Plants (see Appendix) for an account of this alternation of generations.
[8]Material recently obtained by the author and Dr. Fujii in Japan does contain some true petrifactions of Angiosperms and other plant debris. The account of these discoveries has not yet been published.
[9]A fuller account of the Angiospermic flora can be had in French, in M. Laurent’s paper in Progressus Rei Botanicæ. See Appendix for reference.
[10]From the Cretaceous deposits of North America several fossil forms (Brachyphyllum, Protodammara) are described which show clear affinities with the family as it is now constituted. (See Hollick and Jeffrey; reference in the Appendix.)
[11]The addition of -oxylon to the generic name of any living type indicates that we are dealing with a fossil which closely resembles the living type so far as we have information from the petrified material.
[12]See reference in the Appendix to this richly illustrated volume.
[13]For fuller description of this interesting cone, see Scott’s Studies, p. 114 et seq.
[14]A brackish swampy land is physiologically dry, as the plants cannot use the water. See Warming’s Oecology of Plants, English edition, for a detailed account of such conditions. For a simple account see Stopes’ The Study of Plant Life, p. 170.
[15]The student interested in this special flora should refer to Arber’s British Museum Catalogue of the Fossil Plants of the Glossopteris Flora.