YEAST BREADS, MUFFINS, AND ROLLS

377.—WHITE BREAD

1 cup scalded milk2½ teaspoons salt
1 cup boiling water½ yeast cake
1 tablespoon sugar¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening6 to 7 cups flour

Put liquid, sugar, shortening, and salt in the mixing bowl; when lukewarm add the yeast cake (which has been dissolved in lukewarm water); add flour and knead well. The exact amount of flour will depend upon the quality; but enough should be used to make a smooth, soft dough which after kneading is not sticky. Cover, and let rise in a warm room until double in bulk; cut down, knead well, and shape into loaves; cover, let rise until double in bulk, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes. To hurry the rising of the bread increase the quantity of yeast. Bread mixed with two yeast cakes may be made and baked in about three hours.

378.—BRAN BREAD (Yeast)

½ cup boiling water½ yeast cake
½ cup scalded milk¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening1 cup entire wheat flour
2 tablespoons molasses1 cup white flour
1½ teaspoons salt2 cups bran

Mix water, milk, shortening, molasses, and salt; when lukewarm add yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water, add flour sifted, and bran, and mix with liquid to a soft dough; let rise until light, cut down, and knead into small loaves, using more bran if necessary to prevent sticking; let rise until nearly double, and bake in hot oven about fifty minutes.

379.—ENTIRE WHEAT BREAD

Follow recipe for White Bread (see No. 377), using four cups of entire wheat flour and two or more cups of white flour. Molasses may be used in place of sugar.

380.—DATE BREAD (Not Kneaded)

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1 cup boiling water¼ cup lukewarm water
4 cup molasses4 cups entire wheat flour
2 tablespoons shortening1¼ cups white flour
2 teaspoons salt1 cup dates cut in pieces

Mix milk, water, molasses, shortening, and salt; when lukewarm, add yeast, dissolved in lukewarm water, and flour; mix, and beat well; let rise until double in bulk; add dates, beat well, turn into two greased bread pans, let rise until light, and bake one hour. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat should be reduced.

381.—FRIED BREAD

Cut raised bread dough into pieces the size of a small egg, flatten with the rolling pin, cover, let rise until light, and fry in deep fat about three minutes.

382.—GRAHAM AND CORN BREAD

1 cup corn meal¼ cup molasses
1 cup boiling water½ yeast cake
1 cup scalded milk¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening4 cups Graham flour
2½ teaspoons salt

Pour boiling water over corn meal; mix well, add milk and shortening; when lukewarm add salt, molasses, and yeast dissolved in lukewarm water; add flour, beat well, and let rise until double in bulk; beat again, pour into two greased bread pans, let rise until light, and bake about fifty minutes. The oven should be hot for the first fifteen minutes, and then the heat reduced.

383.—IRISH BREAD

1 quart bread dough¼ cup sugar
1/3 cup shortening1 cup raisins seeded and chopped

Knead shortening, sugar, and raisins into dough; shape into two round loaves, let rise, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven about forty minutes.

384.—OATMEAL BREAD

1 cup rolled oats½ yeast cake
½ cup corn meal¼ cup lukewarm water
1½ teaspoons salt½ cup molasses
1 tablespoon shortening4 cups flour
2 cups boiling water

Mix oats, corn meal, salt, and shortening; add boiling water, and let stand one hour; add yeast dissolved in lukewarm water, molasses, and flour. Mix well, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; beat well, turn into two greased pans, let rise, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes.

385.—RYE BREAD

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1 cup boiling water¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons shortening3 cups rye flour
3 tablespoons molasses3 to 4 cups white flour
2 teaspoons salt

Mix; let rise and bake the same as White Bread (see No. 377).

386.—SHREDDED WHEAT BREAD

2 shredded wheat biscuit1 tablespoon shortening
1 cup hot milk½ yeast cake
1 cup hot water¼ cup lukewarm water
½ cup molasses6 cups entire wheat flour
1 tablespoon salt

Crumble the biscuit; add milk, water, molasses, salt, and shortening; when lukewarm add yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water, and sifted flour; knead well, cover and let rise until double in bulk; cut down, shape into loaves or biscuit, put into greased pans, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifty minutes for loaves, and twenty-five minutes for biscuit. This makes one loaf and one pan of biscuit. A little more or less flour may be needed.

387.—BUNS

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
¼ cup sugar½ cup currants
1 teaspoon salt3½ cups flour

Mix milk, shortening, sugar, and salt; when lukewarm, add yeast dissolved in lukewarm water; add currants, and flour enough to knead (a little more or less than the three and one-half cups may be required); let rise until double in bulk; knead, and shape into small round buns; place in a greased baking pan two inches apart, and let rise until light; brush with milk, dust with powdered sugar, and bake in a hot oven about twenty minutes.

388.—CRESCENTS

Use Parker House Roll mixture (see No. 389) or any bread dough into which more shortening has been kneaded; roll out half an inch thick, cut into four-inch squares, and cut squares in halves diagonally; brush with melted shortening, and roll firmly, beginning with the diagonal edge. Curve into crescent shape, place on greased baking sheet, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

389.—PARKER HOUSE ROLLS

2 cups milk1 yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt6 to 7 cups flour
2 tablespoons sugar

Scald milk; add shortening, salt, and sugar; when cool add yeast dissolved in water; stir in two cups of flour, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; add enough flour to form a soft dough; knead well, and let rise again; cut down with a knife; roll out on lightly floured bread board until about half an inch thick; cut with small round cutter, brush with butter, and fold double; put on baking sheet, cover, and let rise until light, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven about twelve minutes.

390.—SHAMROCK ROLLS

To one quart of bread dough add one-fourth cup of melted shortening and two tablespoons of sugar. Knead well, and shape into small balls about the size of a pecan nut; grease muffin tins, put three balls in each, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven about fifteen minutes.

391.—SWEDISH COFFEE ROLLS

1 cup scalded milk½ yeast cake
1/3 cup shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt3½ cups flour
¼ cup sugar1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 egg well beaten2 tablespoons sugar

Scald milk, add shortening, salt, and sugar; when lukewarm add egg, yeast dissolved in water, and flour, of which a little more or less may be required; knead well, cover, and let rise until double in bulk; knead again; roll on a floured board until about one-fourth of an inch thick, brush with melted shortening, and sprinkle with cinnamon mixed with sugar; fold dough into three layers, cut in strips three-quarters of an inch thick; twist each strip, and shape like a figure eight, pressing the ends firmly in place; put on a greased baking sheet, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty minutes. Spread with a thin coating of plain icing.

392.—RAISED MUFFINS

½ cup boiling water1 egg
½ cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
1 teaspoon salt¼ cup lukewarm water
2 tablespoons sugar2½ cups flour
2 tablespoons shortening

Pour water and milk over salt, sugar, and shortening; when cool add beaten egg, yeast dissolved in water, and flour; beat well and let rise over night; beat again; fill greased muffin pans two-thirds full, let rise, and bake in a hot oven thirty minutes. Or place greased muffin rings on a hot greased griddle, fill two-thirds full, and cook on top of range about twenty minutes, turning when half cooked.

393.—RAISED CORN MUFFINS

1 cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
4 tablespoons shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
4 tablespoons sugar1 cup corn meal
1 teaspoon salt1½ cups flour

Add shortening, sugar, and salt to milk; when lukewarm add yeast dissolved in water, corn meal, and flour; beat well, let rise over night; beat well, half fill greased muffin rings, let rise until nearly double, and bake in hot oven half an hour.

394.—RAISED DATE MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Date Bread (see No. 380); half fill greased muffin tins, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty-five minutes. Figs cut in small pieces may be used instead of dates.

395.—RAISED OATMEAL MUFFINS (Uncooked Oats)

1 cup rolled oats1 egg
1 cup scalded milk¼ yeast cake
2 tablespoons shortening¼ cup lukewarm water
1 teaspoon salt2½ cups flour
¼ cup molasses

Pour hot milk over oats, add shortening; when lukewarm add salt, molasses, egg well beaten, and yeast cake dissolved in lukewarm water; beat well, and add flour; beat well, and let rise over night; beat again, and half fill greased muffin pans; let rise until nearly double, and bake in a hot oven half an hour.

396.—RAISED ROULETTES

Roll out to one-half inch thickness any roll or soft raised bread mixture; brush with melted butter, and spread with cinnamon and sugar, fruit, or any of the fillings used for Baking Powder Roulettes (see No. 447). Roll like a jelly roll until dough is about two and one-half inches in diameter, cut in half-inch slices with a sharp knife, place on greased sheet two inches apart, let rise until light, and bake in a hot oven twenty minutes.


CHAPTER XVIII

BAKING POWDER BREADS, MUFFINS, AND BISCUIT[10]

397.—BAKING POWDER

1 pound 2 ounces pure cream of tartar¼ pound cornstarch
½ pound cooking soda

Mix and sift thoroughly four times, and store in closely covered jars.

398.—BARLEY BREAD

2 cups barley meal1 teaspoon salt
1 cup Graham flour6 teaspoons baking powder
1 cup white flour2 cups milk
2 tablespoons sugar

Sift dry ingredients together, and mix well with milk; turn into a greased bread tin, let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven fifty minutes. Raisins, dates, figs, or nuts may be added.

399.—BRAN BREAD

2 cups bran5 teaspoons baking powder
2 cups entire wheat flour½ cup molasses
1 teaspoon salt¾ cup water
½ teaspoon soda¾ cup milk

Sift flour, salt, soda, and baking powder, and add to bran; add molasses and liquid, and beat well; turn into a greased bread pan; let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

400.—DATE BREAD

1 cup corn meal¼ cup molasses
1 cup entire wheat flour1 cup dates stoned and cut in pieces
1 cup white flour½ cup nut meats chopped
1½ teaspoons salt1 egg well beaten
¼ teaspoon soda1¼ cups milk
5 teaspoons baking powder

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add other ingredients in order given; mix well, turn into a greased bread pan, cover with a cloth, let stand fifteen minutes; bake in a moderate oven fifty minutes.

401.—DARK NUT BREAD

¼ cup sugar1 cup bread flour
¾ cup hot water5 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup molasses1½ teaspoons salt
¾ cup milk½ teaspoon soda
2 cups entire wheat flour¾ cup nut meats finely chopped

Mix in order given, sifting dry materials together before adding. Turn into a greased bread pan, let stand fifteen minutes, and bake in a moderate oven one hour.

402.—QUICK RAISIN BREAD

2½ cups entire wheat flour¼ cup sugar
½ cup fine corn meal1 beaten egg
6 teaspoons baking powder1¼ cups milk
1 teaspoon salt1 cup seeded raisins cut in halves

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg, milk, and raisins, and mix well; put into a greased bread pan, cover, and let stand fifteen minutes; bake in a moderate oven about fifty minutes. One cup of finely chopped nuts may be added.

403.—BREAD CRUMB BROWN BREAD

1½ cups dried sifted crumbs½ cup corn meal
1 cup boiling water1 cup Graham flour
½ cup molasses¾ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk1½ teaspoons soda

Put crumbs in mixing dish, add boiling water, and let stand ten minutes; add molasses, milk, and the dry ingredients sifted together. Steam the same as Steamed Indian Date Bread (see No. 404).

404.—STEAMED INDIAN DATE BREAD

1½ cups corn meal2/3 cup molasses
1 cup rye meal1 cup water
½ cup flour1 cup milk
1½ teaspoons soda1 cup dates
1 teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add molasses, liquid, and dates which have been stoned and cut in pieces. Pour into greased one-pound baking powder boxes, and steam steadily for one and three-quarters hours. Or pour into a large greased mold and steam for three hours.

405.—CORN BREAD (without Eggs)

¾ cup corn meal½ teaspoon salt
¾ cup flour¾ teaspoon soda
2 tablespoons sugar1½ cups buttermilk or sour milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add buttermilk gradually, and beat well; pour into well-greased shallow pan, and bake in hot oven twenty minutes.

406.—COUNTRY CORN BREAD

¾ cup corn meal1/3 teaspoon salt
¾ cup flour1 beaten egg
3 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk and water mixed
1 tablespoon sugar2 tablespoons melted bacon fat

Mix in order given, beat well, and bake in a well-greased shallow pan in a hot oven about twenty minutes. Half of the egg will make a very good corn bread. Left-over pieces may be split, lightly buttered, and browned in the oven.

407.—CORN MUFFINS

1 cup corn meal2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour1 beaten egg
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk and water mixed
½ teaspoon salt4 tablespoons melted shortening

Mix in order given, beat well, and bake in greased gem pans in hot oven twenty minutes.

408.—CORN AND RICE MUFFINS

1 cup cooked rice1 tablespoon sugar
2/3 cup hot milk1 egg
½ cup corn meal½ cup flour
2 tablespoons bacon fat3 teaspoons baking powder
½ teaspoon salt

Pour hot milk over rice, and work with a fork to separate grains; add corn meal, bacon fat, salt, and sugar; when cool add egg well beaten, flour, and baking powder; beat well; bake in well-greased muffin pans in hot oven twenty minutes.

409.—CUSTARD CORN CAKE

½ cup corn meal1 cup sour milk
½ cup flour1 egg
2 tablespoons sugar2 tablespoons melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt½ cup sweet milk
½ teaspoon soda

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add sour milk and egg well beaten, and beat thoroughly; melt shortening in an earthen baking dish, pour in batter, pour the sweet milk over it, and bake in a hot oven twenty-five minutes. Cut in wedge-shaped pieces for serving.

410.—MOLASSES CORN BREAD

1 cup corn meal1 egg
1 cup flour¼ cup molasses
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup water
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted bacon fat

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, molasses, water, and bacon fat; beat well, pour into a well-greased shallow pan, and bake about twenty minutes in a hot oven.

411.—RHODE ISLAND CORN CAKE

1 cup white corn meal2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour1 egg
4 teaspoons baking powder¼ cup melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt1 cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg yolk well beaten, shortening, and milk; beat well; fold in the stiffly beaten white of egg, and bake in a greased, shallow pan in hot oven about twenty minutes.

412.—BLUEBERRY MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414); add one cup of blueberries just before putting into the pans. If canned blueberries are used, drain, and dredge with flour before adding to batter.

413.—BRAN MUFFINS

2 cups bran½ cup molasses
1 cup flour1¾ cups milk
½ teaspoon salt1 tablespoon melted shortening
1 teaspoon soda

Mix in order given; beat well, and bake in moderate oven about twenty-five minutes. These muffins are moist, keep well, and may be reheated successfully in a covered pan, either over steam or in the oven.

414.—CAMBRIDGE MUFFINS

¼ cup shortening2 cups flour
¼ cup sugar4 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg¼ teaspoon salt
¾ cup milk

Cream the shortening; add the sugar and egg well beaten; beat well, add the milk, flour, baking powder, and salt, which have been sifted together; beat again, and bake in hot greased muffin pans twenty minutes in a moderate oven.

415.—CHEESE MUFFINS

Use recipe for Plain Muffins (see No. 419) or any muffin recipe, omitting the sugar; cut cheese in half-inch cubes, and place three or four pieces on top of each muffin before baking.

416.—CRANBERRY MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414), and add one cup of cranberries coarsely chopped.

417.—CRUMB MUFFINS

1 cup dried and sifted bread crumbs1 egg
1 tablespoon shortening½ cup milk
1 tablespoon sugar¾ cup flour
½ teaspoon salt3 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup boiling water

Mix crumbs, shortening, sugar, salt, and boiling water; when cool add the egg well beaten, the milk, flour, and baking powder; beat well and bake in greased muffin pans twenty minutes in a moderate oven.

418.—DATE MUFFINS

To recipe for Plain Muffins (see No. 419) or Cambridge Muffins (see No. 414) add one cup dates, stoned and cut in small pieces.

419.—PLAIN MUFFINS

2 cups flour1 egg
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted shortening
2 tablespoons sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, milk, and shortening; beat well, and bake in greased muffin pans in moderate oven twenty minutes. For fruit muffins add one cup of figs, dates, or cooked prunes cut in pieces.

420.—RYE MUFFINS

1 cup rye flour2 tablespoons molasses
1 cup white flour1 egg
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons melted shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients, add molasses, egg well beaten, shortening, and milk; beat well, half fill greased muffin tins, and bake in moderate oven twenty minutes.

421.—SOUR MILK MUFFINS

1½ cups flour1 egg
1 tablespoon sugar1 cup thick sour milk
½ teaspoon soda2 tablespoons melted shortening
½ teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add egg well beaten, sour milk, and shortening; beat quickly, and bake in greased muffin pans in moderate oven twenty minutes.

422.—BUTTERMILK MUFFINS

Follow recipe for Sour Milk Muffins (see No. 421), using buttermilk instead of sour milk.

423.—SALLY LUNN

2 cups flour2 eggs
4 teaspoons baking powder1 cup milk
½ teaspoon salt¼ cup melted shortening
2 tablespoons sugar

Mix and sift dry ingredients; add eggs well beaten, milk, and shortening; beat thoroughly, pour into shallow greased pan, and bake in a moderate oven twenty minutes.

424.—BAKING POWDER BISCUIT

2 cups flour2 tablespoons shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk
1 teaspoon salt

Mix and sift dry ingredients, rub in shortening until fine and crumbly, and add milk to form a soft dough; a little more or less may be required, according to the brand of flour used. Roll out on a slightly floured board until three-fourths of an inch thick, cut with small cutter, place on greased pan an inch apart, and bake in hot oven twelve minutes. For soft biscuit with little crust, place close together in the pan, and bake five minutes longer. Left-over biscuit may be split, lightly buttered, and browned in the oven.

425.—CORN MEAL ROLLS

1 cup corn meal½ teaspoon salt
1 cup flour3 tablespoons bacon fat
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Mix and sift dry ingredients; rub in shortening with finger tips; add milk, and mix thoroughly; roll lightly, on a floured board, to a thickness of one-half inch; cut with biscuit cutter, brush with milk or water, and fold double. Bake in hot oven fifteen minutes.

426.—BACON SANDWICH ROLLS

Follow recipe for Corn Meal Rolls (see No. 425), putting a piece of cooked bacon on half of roll before folding.

427.—DATE ROLLS

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), roll out one-half inch thick, and cut in rounds with three-inch cutter; spread with soft butter, sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar, and put a date, split lengthwise and stoned, on half of each roll; fold over, press edges firmly together, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven fifteen minutes. Allow one-half teaspoon cinnamon to two tablespoons sugar. Cooked and stoned prunes or chopped figs may be used instead of dates.

428.—QUICK COFFEE CAKE

¼ cup shortening2½ cups flour
¼ cup sugar5 teaspoons baking powder
1 egg½ teaspoon salt
1 cup milk and water mixed2 tablespoons sugar
½ cup seedless raisins1 teaspoon cinnamon

Cream the shortening and sugar; add egg well beaten, milk, raisins, flour, baking powder, and salt; spread in a greased shallow pan, brush with melted butter, and sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar; bake in hot oven fifteen to twenty minutes.

429.—QUICK DROP BISCUIT

Use recipe for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), increasing the milk to one cupful; drop from a tablespoon on a greased pan two inches apart, and bake in a hot oven ten minutes; or half fill greased muffin tins, and bake twelve minutes.

430.—ENTIRE WHEAT BISCUIT

Follow directions for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424), using entire wheat flour in place of white flour, and adding one tablespoon of molasses.

431.—FRUIT TEA BISCUIT

To recipe for Quick Drop Biscuit (see No. 429) add one chopped apple, one-half cup of seeded and chopped raisins, two tablespoons of washed currants, and two tablespoons of sugar. Put into hot greased muffin pans, and bake in a hot oven fifteen minutes. Serve for tea, or with a hot liquid sauce for dessert.

432.—GRAHAM BISCUIT

1 cup Graham flour½ teaspoon salt
½ cup fine corn meal2 tablespoons shortening
½ cup bran1 tablespoon molasses
4 teaspoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Mix dry ingredients without sifting; rub in shortening with finger tips; add molasses and milk; mix well; roll, cut, and bake as directed for Baking Powder Biscuit (see No. 424).

433.—JAM ROLLS

2 cups flour2 tablespoons shortening
4 teaspoons baking powder1 egg
1 teaspoon salt2/3 cup milk
1 tablespoon sugar

Sift together flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar; rub in shortening with finger tips until mealy; add beaten egg and milk, and mix with a knife to a soft dough; roll out one-third of an inch thick, and cut with a round cutter; put a teaspoon of jam on each, moisten the edges with water, fold over, and press firmly together; make two cuts on top so that jam will show, brush with milk, and bake in hot oven fifteen minutes.

434.—POTATO SCONES

2 cups flour1 cup mashed potato
½ teaspoon salt2 tablespoons shortening
4 tablespoons baking powder¾ cup milk

Sift flour, salt, and baking powder; add potato and shortening, and work in with finger tips; add milk, and mix to a soft dough with a knife; roll out three-quarters of an inch thick on floured board, cut with biscuit cutter, and cook on hot greased griddle about twenty minutes, turning over when half cooked. Split, butter, and serve hot.

435.—SCOTCH SCONES

1 cup fine oatmeal4 teaspoons baking powder
¾ cup scalded milk1 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons shortening2 tablespoons sugar
1 cup flour

Pour hot milk over oatmeal, mix well, add shortening, and let stand until cold; mix and sift flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar; add to oatmeal, and mix well; roll out three-fourths of an inch thick, cut in rounds, and cook on a greased griddle about twenty minutes, turning when half cooked.