How music grew, from prehistoric times to the present day

by Marion Bauer; Ethel R. Peyser

INDEX

• A
• Absolute music, [239]–40, [242], [397], [422]
• Abt, Franz, [423]–4
• Adam de la Halle, [102], [112], [125]
• Aida, Verdi’s, [379]–81
• Albéniz, Isaac, [453]–4
• Alcuin, [76]
• Alfred the Great, [93]
• Alphonso XII of Spain, [453]
• Ambrose, St., [71], [72]
• America, see United States
• American Academy in Rome, [507]–8
• American composers, [475] ff.
• American folk music, [140]–5
• American Music Guild, the, [506]–7
• American opera companies, [514]
• American patrons of music, [512]–13
• American song writers, recent, [509]–10
• American symphony orchestras, [513]–14
• Anglican church, founding of, [188]
• Anglin, Margaret, [469]
• Antiphony, use of, by the Greeks, [41];
  • introduction into church music, [70]
• Apollo, [33]–4
• Arabia, music of, [55] ff., [209], [210];
  • the Arab scales, [58]–9;
  • instruments of, [59]–61
• Arcadelt, Jacob, [157]
• Armide, Dvorak’s, [447]
• Arne, Dr. Thomas, [200], [339]
• Assyrian music, [24]–5
• Atonality, [517], [529]
• Auber, Daniel François Esprit, [333]–4
• Aulos of the Greeks, [42]–3
• Austrian National Hymn, written by Haydn, [282]
• Automatic pianos, [316]–19
• Aztecs, music of the, [53]–4
• B
• Bach, Johann Christian, [254]
• Bach, Johann Christoph, [254]
• Bach, Johann Sebastian, [208], [211], [238], [240];
  • account of his life, [244]–50;
  • his works, [250]–3;
  • his sons, [253]–4;
  • comparison with Handel, [255]–6
• Bach, Karl Philip Emanuel, [249], [253]–4
• Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann, [253]
• Bach Festival, yearly, at Bethlehem, Pa., [252], [464]
• Bagpipes, the Roman tibia, [45];
  • use of, by the Hindus, [66];
  • of the Bohemians, [135];
  • of Scotland, [138]
• Baif, Jean Antoine, his club of poets and musicians in France, [177]
• Balakirev, Mily, [444]–5
• Balfe, Michael William, [341]
• Ballad, the, and the ballet, [122]
• Ballet, the, at the French court in second half of the 16th century, [178]
• Band, the difference between, and an orchestra, [234]
• Bantock, Granville, [543]
• Barber of Seville, Rossini’s, [337]
• Bards of ancient Britain, [89]–91
• Barnby, Joseph, [340]
• Bartlett, Homer W., [490]
• Bartok, Béla, [536]–7
• Bauer, Marion, [507]
• Bax, Arnold, [544]
• Bay Psalm Book, the, [458]
• Bayreuth, [371]–2, [373]
• Beach, Mrs. H. H. A., [480]–1
• Beaumont and Fletcher, [173]
• Bede, the venerable, [75]–6, [92]
• Beethoven, Ludwig van, [293] ff.;
  • account of his life, [295]–302;
  • his friendships, [298]–9;
  • The Moonlight Sonata, [300], [304];
  • his three periods, and works during, [301]–2;
  • his opera Fidelio, [302], [305], [306], [326];
  • influence upon the growth of music, [303]–5;
  • as a composer of instrumental music, [305]–6;
  • his preference in pianos, [313];
  • the Kreutzer Sonata, [324];
  • influence of, on Wagner, [360];
  • and Brahms, [418], [419];
  • “the oratorio for Boston,” [462]
• Beggar’s Opera, Gay’s, [338]
• Belasco, David, [384]
• Belgium, modern music in, [541]
• Bellini, Vincenzo, [337]–8
• Bennett, Sir William Sterndale, [340], [438]
• Berg, Alban, [533]–4
• Berkshire chamber music competition, [440]
• Berlin, Irving, [503]
• Berlioz, Hector, [386];
  • account of his life and his musical innovations, [398]–403
• Berners, Lord, [544]–5
• Bethlehem, Pa., yearly Bach Festival at, [252]
• Bible, the, mention of music in, [25] ff.
• Bible stories, acting of, [171]–3
• Billings, William, [460]–2
• Birmingham Festivals, [339]–40
• Bispham, David, [469], [495]
• Bizet, Georges, [386], [388]–9
• Bliss, Arthur, [545]
• Bloch, Ernest, [510], [542]
• Blondel de Nesle, rescue of Richard the Lion-Hearted by, [99]
• Blow, Dr. John, [204]–5
• Bohemia, composers of, [446]–8
• Bohemian folk songs and dances, [135].
• Bohemian Girl, The, Balfe’s, [341]
• Boieldieu, François Adrienne, [333]
• Boise, O. B., [495], [496]
• Boito, Arrigo, [381]–2
• Boleyn, Anne, [188], [189]
• Bologna, music festivals at, in the 18th century, [219]
• Bond, Carrie Jacobs, [481]
• Bori, Lucrezia, [385], [386]
• Borodin, Alexander, [444]
• Boston Handel and Haydn Society, [462]
• Boston Symphony Orchestra, the, founding of, [467]
• Bow, origin of stringed instruments from, [307]
• Boyle, George F., [496]
• Brahms, Johannes, life and work of, [418]–23, [424], [426]
• Bravura pianists, the, [322]
• Brenet, Michel, quoted on development of composition, [146]–7
• Brescia, violins made in, [215]
• Bridge, Frank, [543]
• Bridge, Sir Frederick, Twelve Good Musicians by, [201], [203], [205]
• Bristow, George, [466]
• Britain, the Druids and bards in ancient, [89]–91;
  • early invasions of, [92]–3
• Brittany, cromlechs and menhirs in, [90];
  • folk music in, [115]
• Brockway, Howard, [495], [496]
• Browning, Robert, [413]
• Bruch, Max, [429]
• Bruckner, Anton, [426]–7
• Bruneau, Alfred, [393]
• Buck, Dudley, [476]
• Bull, Dr. John, [196], [202]
• Bull, Ole, [363], [449], [450], [451]
• Bülow, Hans von, [408], [411]
• Burleigh, Henry Thacker, colored composer, [501]
• Burmese, music of the, [52]
• Burns, Robert, and Scotch music, [138]–9
• Burton, Frederick, on Indian estimate of classical music, [13]
• Busch, Carl, [490]
• Busoni, Ferruccio, [535]
• Buxtehude, Dietrich, [239]–40, [273]
• Byrd, William, [192], [193], [194], [195], [196], [197], [202]
• C
• Cadman, Charles Wakefield, [487]
• Cædmon, [92], [93]
• Cæsar, Julius, [67]–8
• Calvé, Emma, [388]
• “Camerata,” the, of Florence, and beginnings of opera, [174] ff.
• Canadian folk songs, [139]
• Cantata, origin of the, [184]
• Carey, Henry, [339], [465]
• Carmen, Bizet’s, [388]
• Carpenter, John Alden, [498]
• Caruso, [334], [382], [384]
• Casella, Alfredo, [318], [539]
• Castanets, use of, by the Assyrians, [25];
  • by the Hindus, [66]
• Cavalleria Rusticana, Mascagni’s, [382]
• Cavos, Catterino, [442]
• Caxton, William, [191]
• Cecilia, St., [71]
• Chabrier, Alexis Emanuel, [389], [415]–16, [433]
• Chadwick, George, [476]–7
• Chaliapin, [381]
• Chamber music, the beginning of, [149], [209]–10;
  • rise of, [323]
• Chanson de Roland, the, [94]–5, [127]
• Chansons de Geste, [93]
• Chant, the, ancestor of hymns, [70];
  • the Gregorian, [72], [75], [76];
  • plain, [73]
• Charlemagne, [57], [92], [93], [94], [96], [236]
• Charleston, S. C., founding of St. Cecilia Society in, [462]
• Charpentier, Gustav, [393]–4
• Chausson, Ernest, [393], [433]
• Cherubini, Luigi, [331]–2, [399], [403], [431]
• Chicago Orchestra, the, [468]
• Chickering, Jonas, invents complete iron frame for the piano, [314]
• Chimes of Normandy, Planquette’s, [336]
• Chinese, music of the, [46]–9;
  • scales of, [47]–8;
  • instruments of, [48]–9
• Chopin, Frédéric, [321], [354]–7, [448]
• Christians, early, [68] ff.
• Christmas carols, [113]–14, [139]–40
• Church music, [67] ff.;
  • antiphony and polyphony in, [70]–1;
  • St. Cecilia, [71];
  • St. Ambrose, [71], [72];
  • Greek modes as models, [71]–3;
  • St. Gregory, [72], [73];
  • the Venerable Bede, [75]–6;
  • early use of instruments in, [76];
  • organs in, [85];
  • influence of the Renaissance on, [164] ff.;
  • Martin Luther and, [165]–6;
  • action of Council of Trent regarding, [167];
  • Palestrina and, [167]–70;
  • of Monteverde, [183];
  • composers of cathedral music in England, [340]–1;
  • American composers, [475] ff.
• Cibber, Colley, [260], [262]
• Civil War songs, [142]–3
• Clarke, Rebecca, [440]
• Clavecin, the, [210]
• Clavichord, the, [309]–10
• Clefs, development of, [80]
• Clementi, Muzio, [319]–20
• Clifton, Chalmers, [507]
• Cole, Rosseter Gleason, [490]
• Color and sound, study of, in India, [62]–3
• Columbus, Christopher, [165]
• Concerts, public, the first, [272]–3
• Conried, Heinrich, [373]
• Constantine, Emperor, [69], [70]
• Converse, Frederick, [479]
• Cooke, Captain Henry, [204]
• Coolidge, Mrs. F. S., [440]
• Coq d’Or, Rimsky-Korsakov’s, [445]
• Corelli, Arcangelo, [218]
• Counterpoint, meaning of the term, [85]
• Couperin, François, [231], [232]–3
• Couperin family, the, [232]
• Cow-boy songs, [142]
• Cowen, Sir Frederick Hymen, [439]
• Cradle songs, [109]–10
• Cramer, John B., [320]
• Creation, The, Haydn’s, [281], [282]
• Cremona, the violin makers of, [214]–17
• Cristofori, Bartolomeo, maker of the first pianoforte, [312]
• Cromwell, Oliver, [203]
• Crowest, Frederick J., quoted on music in England in the 16th century, [191]–2
• Crusades, the, [57], [95]–6
• “Cryes of London,” the, [200]–1
• Cui, César, [445]
• Curtis, Natalie, [485]
• Cushion dance, the, [124]
• Cymbals, use of, by the Assyrians, [25];
  • by the Hindus, [66]
• Czecho-Slovakia, composers of, [446]–8, [538]
• Czerny, Carl, [299], [321]
• D
• D’Albert, Eugene, [395]
• Dalcroze, Jacques, [541]–2
• Damrosch, Dr. Frank, [470]
• Damrosch, Dr. Leopold, [468], [469]
• Damrosch, Walter, [468], [469], [470]
• Dancing, of primitive man, [4], [6];
  • of American Indians, [14]–15;
  • of the ancient Egyptians, [23];
  • of the Japanese Geisha girls, [51];
  • of the gypsies, [134]
• Dancing songs and folk dances, [120]–6, [134], [135], [144]
• Dark Ages, the, [68] ff.
• Daughter of the Regiment, Donizetti’s, [337]
• David, King, as a musician, [27]–8
• David, Félicien, [386]
• Dean Paul, Lady, [439]–40, [531]
• Debussy, Claude Achille, [394], [416], [519]–22
• De Koven, Reginald, [336], [488]–9
• Delage, Maurice, [523]
• Delamarter, Eric, [498]–9
• Délibes, Clement Philibert Léo, [391]
• Delius, Frederick, [542]
• Denmark, composers of, [451]
• Der Freischütz, Weber’s 328, [329], [333]
• Dett, R. N., colored composer, [501]–2
• Devrient, Wilhelmine Schroeder-, [363], [366]
• Dibden, Charles, [339]
• Die Fledermaus, Strauss’s, [336]
• D’Indy, Vincent, [393], [435]–6
• Dinorah, Meyerbeer’s, [335]
• Ditson, Oliver, [513]
• Dohnányi, Ernest von, [537]–8
• Don Giovanni, Mozart’s, [288], [290], [291]
• Donizetti, Gaetano, [337]
• Drinking songs, [119], [136]
• Druids and bards, [89]–91
• Drums, the first, [5];
  • use of, by American Indians, [11]–12;
  • use of, by the negro, [18];
  • sending of messages by, [18];
  • use of, by the Assyrians, [24], [25];
  • by the Chinese, [48];
  • by the Burmese, [52];
  • by the Arabs, [60]
• Dufay, Guillaume, [153]
• Dukas, Paul, [417]
• Dulcimer, the, use of, by the Assyrians and others, [25], [308]
• Duncan, Edmundstoune, Story of Minstrelsy by, [189], [199]
• Dunstable, John, [187]
• Duparc, Henri, [393]
• Duschek, Franz, [319]
• Dussek, Johann L., [320]
• Dvorak, Antonin, [447]–8
• E
• Edwards, Julian, [486]
• Egyptians, ancient, the music of, [20]–3;
  • their musical scale not unlike ours, [23]
• Eisteddfod, revival of, in Wales, [91]
• Elgar, Edward William, [439]
• Elijah, Mendelssohn’s oratorio, [347], [350]
• Eliot, President, of Harvard, [475]
• Elizabeth, Queen, [192], [194], [196]
• Elkus, Albert, [491]
• Enesco, Georges, [448]
• Engel, Carl, [511]
• England, folk music in, [113], [114], [118], [139]–40;
  • the “round” in, [123];
  • the morris dance, [123]–4;
  • ballads in, in 15th and 16th centuries, [124]–5;
  • masques in, [173];
  • music in, in the 16th and 17th centuries, [187]–207;
  • founding of Anglican church, [188];
  • chained libraries in, [190];
  • famous old music collections of, [193], [196]–7, [198];
  • “chests of viols” in, [198]–9;
  • “Cryes of London,” [200]–1;
  • some famous composers, [201] ff.;
  • the opera ballad in, [338]–41;
  • English composers in classical forms, [438]–40;
  • recent composers, [542]–5
• Erard, Sebastian, piano maker, [313], [314]
• Erdmann, Edward, [536]
• Ernani, Verdi’s, [379]
• Eschenbach, Wolfram von, the minnesinger, [103]
• Esterhazy, Prince Paul Anton, [279]
• Evans, Edwin, [318]
• F
• Falla, Manuel de, [540]–1
• Farrar, Geraldine, [384], [395], [396], [514]
• Farwell, Arthur, [484]
• Fauré, Gabriel, [437]–8
• Faust, Gounod’s, [387]
• Feinberg, Samuel, [531]
• Festa, Constanza, [170]
• Feudalism, the age of, [95]
• Fidelio, Beethoven’s opera, [302], [305], [306], [326]
• Field, John, [320], [343]–4
• Finland, composers of, [452]–3
• Finnish folk songs, [131];
  • instruments, [131]
• Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, the, [196]–7
• Florence, the “Camerata” of, and beginnings of opera, [174] ff.
• Flotow, Friedrich von, [212]
• Flute, use of, by American Indians, [12]–13;
  • use of, by the Assyrians and Egyptians, [25];
  • Jubal invents a, [26];
  • use of, by the Greeks, [36], [42]–3;
  • by the Romans, [45];
  • by the Chinese, [48], [49];
  • by the Arabs, [61];
  • by the Hindus, [66]
• Flying Dutchman, The, Wagner’s, [365]
• Folk dances, [120]–6, [134], [135], [144]
• Folk music, [107] ff.;
  • classes of, [108];
  • songs of childhood, games and cradle songs, [109]–11;
  • songs for religious ceremonies, holidays and Christmas carols, May songs and spring festivals, [111]–14;
  • love songs, [114]–15;
  • patriotic songs, [115]–17;
  • songs of work and labor and trades, [117]–19;
  • drinking songs, [119];
  • dancing songs and dancing, [120]–6;
  • funeral songs and songs for mourning, [126];
  • narratives, ballads and legends, [126]–7;
  • national portraits in, [128] ff.;
  • Russian folk music, [129]–30;
  • Finnish songs, [131];
  • Poland’s music, [131];
  • gypsies, [132]–5;
  • Bohemian folk song, [135];
  • Spanish and Portuguese folk music, [135];
  • French folk music, [135]–6;
  • German folk music, [136]–7;
  • Irish folk songs, [137];
  • Scotch and Welsh tunes, [137]–9;
  • Canadian folk songs, [139];
  • English folk songs, [139]–40;
  • American folk music, [140]–5
• Foote, Arthur, [477]–8
• Forsyth, Cecil, History of Music by, [38]–9, [236]
• Foster, Stephen Collins, [140]–1, [472]–4
• Fra Diavolo, Auber’s, [333]
• France, troubadours, trouvères and jongleurs in, [97] ff.;
  • folk music in, [112], [114], [125], [135]–6;
  • Baif’s club of poets and musicians in, [177];
  • ballets at court of, [178];
  • the coming of Italian opera to, [178];
  • opera in, 15th to 18th centuries, [222]–31;
  • French composers for clavecin and harpsichord, 17th and 18th centuries, [231]–3;
  • the French school of opera, [330] ff.;
  • modern composers of, [386]–95
• Franck, César, [386], [389], [393];
  • life and works of, [429]–34
• Franco-Flemish school of music, the, [152]–5
• Franklin, Benjamin, [463], [464]
• Franz, Robert, [424]
• Frederick the Great, [249], [253], [255]
• Frescobaldi, Girolamo, [237]–8
• Froberger, Johann Jacob, [239]
• Fry, William H., [466]
• Funeral songs, [126]
• G
• Gabrieli, [209]
• Gade, Niels Wilhelm, [450]
• Galileo, [180]
• Garcia, Manuel, [338], [465]
• Gédalge, André, [392]
• George I of England, [258], [259]
• German, Edward, [439]
• Germany, minnesingers and mastersingers in, [102] ff.;
  • folk music in, [111]–12, [114], [136]–7;
  • organists in, [238] ff.;
  • the Mannheim School and the symphony, [273]–4;
  • opera composers in, [327]–9, [335];
  • Wagner, [359]–76;
  • opera composers since Wagner, [395]–6;
  • recent composers, [534]–6
• Gershwin, George, [503]
• Gibbons, Orlando, [196]–7, [201]–2
• Gilbert, Henry F., [484]
• Gilbert, W. S., [336], [341]
• Gilchrist, William Wallace, [489]
• Gilmore, Patrick, [486]
• Giordano, Umberto, [383]
• Girl of the Golden West, Puccini’s, [384]–5
• Gleason, Frederic Grant, [489]
• Gleemen, [92]–3
• Glinka, Michael, [442]
• Gluck, Christoph Willibald, [213];
  • account of his life, and works of, [263]–72;
  • Orpheus and Euridice, [268];
  • Iphigenia in Aulis, [269];
  • Iphigenia in Tauris, [270];
  • his orchestration, [272];
  • influence of, on Wagner, [360];
  • invention of musical glasses by, [463]
• Glyn, Margaret, Evolution of Musical Form by, quoted, [65]–6
• Godard, Benjamin, [386]–7
• Godowsky, Leopold, [512]
• Goethe, [298]
• Goldmark, Rubin, [496]
• Goldsmith, Oliver, Vicar of Wakefield by, quoted, [463]
• Gombert, Nicolas, [155]
• Gonzaga, Vicenzo di, Duke of Mantua, patron of Monteverde, [180]–3
• Goossens, Eugene, [545]
• Götterdämmerung, Die, Wagner’s, [367], [372]
• Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, [322], [471]–2
• Goudimel, Claude, [157], [160]
• Gounod, Charles François, [386], [387]
• Gourd, the, as an early musical instrument, [5]
• Grainger, Percy Aldridge, [318], [510]–11
• Gramophone, the, [319]
• Granados, Enrique, [454]–5
• Graupner, Gottlieb, [466]
• Greeks, the, music of, [31] ff.;
  • the nine Muses of, [32];
  • myths and legends, [32]–3;
  • Pan’s pipes, [33];
  • Apollo, [33]–4;
  • Orpheus, [34]–5;
  • music in their daily life, [35];
  • harvest songs, [35]–6;
  • the liturgies, [36]–7;
  • festivals, [37];
  • scales of, [37]–40;
  • Pythagoras, [40]–2;
  • musical instruments of, [42]–3;
  • modes of, as models for church music, [71]–3;
  • spring festival of, [111];
  • folk music of, [118]
• Gregorian chant, [72], [75], [76]
• Gregory, Pope, [72], [73]
• Grétry, André Ernest Modeste, [330]
• Grieg, Edvard Hagerup, [449]–50
• Griffes, Charles Tomlinson, [504]–5
• Gruenberg, Louis, [502]–3
• Grunn, Homer, [488]
• Guido, D’Arezzo, additions to music by, [79]–83
• Guilmant, Alexandre, [392], [393]
• Gutenberg, invention of printing by, [163]
• Gypsies, music of, [132]–5;
  • their instruments, [132]–3, [134]
• H
• Haba, Alois, [538]–9
• Hadley, Henry K., [496]–7
• Halévy, Jacques François, [334]
• Hallen, Anders, [452]
• Hamilton, Clarence G., Outlines of Music History, by, [155]
• Hampton Singers, the, [501]
• Handel, George Frederick, [220]–1, [244];
  • comparison with Bach, [255]–6;
  • account of his life, and works of, [256] ff.;
  • The Messiah, [262]
• Hansel and Gretel, Humperdinck’s, [395]
• Hargrave, Mary, The Earlier French Musicians, by, [230]
• Harmati, Sandor, [507]
• “Harmonica,” Franklin’s, [463]
• Harmony, beginnings of, by Hucbald, [77]–9;
  • use of chords by Willaert, [156];
  • Zarlino’s books on, [157];
  • harmonization of hymns, [166]–7;
  • experiments of Monteverde in, [179] ff.
• Harp, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • by the Assyrians, [25];
  • the Hebrew Kinnor, [26];
  • use of, by the Greeks, [43]
• Harpers and gleemen, [92]–3
• Harpsichord, the, [310]–11
• Hartmann, J., [451]
• Harvard Musical Association, the, [467]
• Hastings, battle of, [93], [94]
• Haubiel, Charles, [507]
• Haydn, Franz Joseph, [213], [253], [254];
  • account of his life, [275]–82;
  • The Creation and The Seasons, [281], [282];
  • his gift to music, [283]–4;
  • Haydn and Mozart, [284]–5;
  • Beethoven meets him, [297]–8
• Heart music, of Monteverde, [180] ff.;
  • disappearance of, [530]
• Hebrew music, [25]–30
• Heine, Heinrich, [346]
• Heller, Stephen, [358]
• Henry IV of France, [176], [222]
• Henry VIII of England, [188]–9
• Herbert, Victor, [336], [486]
• Hereford, England, chained library at, [190]
• Hérold, Louis Joseph Ferdinand, [334]
• Hertz, Alfred, [373]
• Hieroglyphics of the ancient Egyptians, [20], [23]
• Higginson, Colonel Henry L., [467]
• Hill, Edward Burlingame, [480]
• Hindemith, Paul, [535]–6
• Hindu, music, [61] ff.;
  • the Hindu rags, [62]–3;
  • orchestra, [64]–5;
  • notation, [65]–6;
  • instruments of, [66]
• Holland, modern music in, [541]
• Holst, Gustave, [543]–4
• Home, Sweet Home, [465]
• Homer, [89]
• Honegger, Arthur, [525], [542]
• Hook, James, [339]
• Hooker, Brian, [479]
• Hopkinson, Francis, [463]–4
• Horsley, William, [340]
• Hucbald, starting of science of harmony by, [77]–9
• Huguenots, The, Meyerbeer’s, [335]
• Humiston, W. H., [494]–5
• Hummel, Johann, [319], [320]
• Humperdinck, Engelbert, [395]–6
• Humphrey, Pelham, [204], [205]
• Hungarian gypsies, music of, [133]–5
• Hungary, modern music in, [536]–8
• Hurdy-gurdy, or vielle, the, [106]
• Huss, Henry Holden, [495]
• Hutcheson, Ernest, [495]–6
• Hymns, early, [71]–3; harmonization of, [166]–7
• Hymns, national, [115]–117
• I
• Iarecki, Tadeusz, [531]
• Ignatius, St., [70]
• Il Trovatore, Verdi’s, [378], [379]
• Incas, music of the, [53]–4
• India, music of, [61] ff.
• Indians, American, the music of, [9] ff.;
  • musical instruments of, [11]–13;
  • Indian societies, [13]–15;
  • songs and dances of, [14]–15;
  • the medicine man, [15]–16;
  • picture language of, [16];
  • lullabies of, [110];
  • recent study of their music, [484]–6, [487]–8
• Instruments, musical, the earliest, [5];
  • of the American Indians, [11]–13;
  • of the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • of the Assyrians, [24]–5;
  • of the Hebrews, [26]–9;
  • of the Greeks, [42]–3;
  • of the Romans, [44], [45];
  • of the Chinese, [48]–9;
  • of the Japanese, [50];
  • of Siamese, Burmese, and Javanese, [52];
  • of the Incas and Aztecs, [53]–4;
  • of the Arabs, [59]–61;
  • of the Hindus, [66];
  • early use of, in church music, [76];
  • Russian stringed instruments, [130];
  • of Finland and Poland, [131];
  • of the gypsies, [132]–3, [134];
  • the violin makers of Cremona, [214]–17;
  • the origin of stringed instruments, [307]–8;
  • the pianoforte, [307] ff.
• Iolanthe, Sullivan’s, [341]
• I Pagliacci, Leoncavallo’s, [382]
• Iphigenia in Aulis, Gluck’s, [269]
• Iphigenia in Tauris, Gluck’s, [270]
• I Puritani, Bellini’s, [337]
• Ireland, John, [544]
• Irish folk songs, [137]
• Italian language, musical terms derived from, [206]–7
• Italy, beginnings of the opera in, [173] ff.;
  • opera writers of, in 17th and 18th centuries, [212];
  • violinists and composers of, in 17th and 18th centuries, [217] ff.;
  • Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti, [337]–8;
  • modern composers of, [377]–86;
  • and the new order, [539]–41
• J
• Janequin, Clement, [154]–5, [160]
• Japanese music, [50]–1
• Javanese, music of the, [52]
• Jazz music, rhythm of, borrowed from the negro, [143]–4;
  • and negro spirituals, [500]–1
• Jews, music of the, [25]–30
• Joachim, [420]
• Jomelli, [213]
• Jongleurs, the, [97]–9
• Jonson, Ben, [173]
• Josephus, cited, on Solomon’s singers and musicians, [28]
• Jubal, first musician mentioned in the Bible, [25]–6
• Julius III, Pope, [168]
• K
• Kalkbrenner, Frederick, [320]
• Kangaroo, dance in imitation of, [6]
• Kelley, Edgar Stillman, [489]
• Kerl, Johann Kaspar, [240]
• Keyboard, the, development of, [309]
• Kinnor, harp of the Hebrews, [26]
• Kithara, Greek musical instrument, [39], [42], [44]
• Kjerulf, Halfdan, [449]
• Kneisel Quartet, the, [480]
• Kobbé, Gustave, [318]
• Kodály, Soltan, [536]–7
• Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, [534]
• Kramer, A. Walter, [506]
• Krehbiel, H. E., quoted on folk music, [107]–8;
  • on negro slave songs, [143];
  • on Stephen Foster, [474]
• Kreisler, Fritz, [448], [512]
• Kreutzer, Rudolph, [324]
• Kreutzer Sonata, Beethoven’s, [324]
• Kuhnau, Johann, [241]–2
• L
• La Bohème, Puccini’s, [383]
• L’Africaine, Meyerbeer’s, [335]
• La Juive, Halévy’s, [334]
• Lalo, Edouard Victor Antoine, [391]
• Landormy, Paul, History of Music, by, [259], [273], [390]–1
• Landowska, Wanda, [252], [311]
• Lang, Benjamin J., [475]
• Lang, Margaret Ruthven, [481]
• La Sonnambula, Bellini’s, [337]–8
• Lassus, Orlandus, [158]–60, [161]
• La Traviata, Verdi’s, [379]
• Lawes, Henry, [202]–3
• Lecocq, [336]
• Lehman, Liza, [439]
• Lehmann, Lilli, [469]
• Leit-motif, first use of, by Wagner, [364], [374];
  • use of, by Berlioz, [402];
  • use of, by Strauss, [414]
• Le Jeune, Claude, [177]–8
• Le Jongleur de Notre Dame, Massenet’s, [392]
• Leonardo da Vinci, [456]
• Leoncavallo, Ruggiero, [382]
• Leroux, Xavier, [392]
• Leschetizky, Theodor, [409]
• Libraries, chained, in England, [190]
• Lieurance, Thurlow, [487]
• Lind, Jenny, [335], [338], [449], [451]
• Liszt, Franz, [313], [322];
  • influence of, on Wagner, [361];
  • his life and work, [403]–8;
  • sends scores to Thomas in America, [468]
• Locke, Matthew, [203], [205]
• Loeffler, Charles Martin, [482]–3
• Lohengrin, Wagner’s, [366], [368], [375].
• Loomis, Harvey Worthington, [485]
• Louis XIV of France, [222] ff., [232], [312]
• Louise, Charpentier’s, [393]–4
• Lucia di Lammermoor, Donizetti’s, [337]
• Lucrezia Borgia, Donizetti’s, [337]
• Ludwig II, King of Bavaria, [370]
• Lullabies, [109]–10
• Lully, Jean Baptiste, [223]–7, [233]
• Lute, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • by the Arabs, [59], [60];
  • introduction of, into Europe, [96];
  • use and development of, in 15th and 16th centuries, [150]–1
• Luther, Martin, [163], [165]–7
• Lyon, Rev. James, early American hymn book by, [460]
• Lyre, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • by the Assyrians, [25];
  • by the Greeks, [42]
• M
• MacDowell, Edward, [491]–4, [507];
  • Critical and Historical Essays by, cited, [45], [52]–3
• McTammany, John, and automatic pianos, [316]
• Macfarren, Sir George A., [438]
• Macfarren, Walter Cecil, [438]
• Mackenzie, Sir Arthur C., [438]
• Madame Butterfly, Puccini’s, [50], [383]–4
• Madrigals, [149] ff.;
  • golden age of, in England, [194]
• Maeterlinck, Maurice, [394]
• Magic Flute, The, Mozart’s, [288], [289], [291], [329]
• Mahler, Gustav, [427]–8
• Malibran, Mme., [465]
• Malipiero, G. Francesco, [539]–40
• Man, prehistoric, beginnings of music and musical instruments among, [3]–7
• Mannheim School of composers, [273]–4
• Manon, Massenet’s, [392]
• Manon Lescaut, Puccini’s, [383]
• Manuel, Roland, [523]
• Manzoni, [381]
• Maria Theresa, [267], [299]
• Marie Antoinette, [213]–14, [269], [271]–2
• Marlin, Jane, Reminiscences of Morris Steinert, by, [315]–16
• Marriage of Figaro, Rossini’s, [337]
• Martinengo-Cesaresco, Countess, The Study of Folk Songs, by, [140]
• Martini, Padre, [218]–19
• Masaniello, Auber’s, [334]
• Mascagni, Pietro, [382]
• Mason, Daniel Gregory, [403], [471]
• Mason, Lowell, [470]
• Mason, Dr. William, [470]–1
• Masques, in England, [173]
• Massenet, Jules, [391]–2
• Mastersingers, [104]–6
• Matthews, W. S. B., [471]
• Mattheson, Johann, [242]–3
• Mauduit, Jacques, [177], [178]
• Mayer, Charles, [344]
• Mazarin, Cardinal, [178], [222]
• Mechanical pianos, [316]–19
• Medici, Marie de’, [176], [178], [222]
• Medicine man, the, among the American Indians, [15]–16
• Mefistofele, Boito’s, [381]
• Méhul, Etienne Nicholas, [332]
• Meistersinger, The, Wagner’s, [369], [370]–1, [372], [375]
• Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, [347]–51, [353]
• Mendelssohn Glee Club of New York, [494]
• Messager, André, [392]
• Messiah, The, Handel’s, [262]
• Metastasio, [213], [265]
• Metre, introduction of, into music, [83]–4
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, clavichords and harpsichords in, [310]
• Metropolitan Opera House, New York, [469]
• Meyerbeer, Giacomo, [334]–5;
  • influence of, on Wagner, [360]–1, [364]–5
• Miaskovsky, Nicolai, [531]
• Mignon, Thomas’s, [386]
• Mikado, The, Sullivan’s, [341]
• Mildenberg, Albert, [497]–8
• Milhaud, Darius, [525]
• Milligan, Harold Vincent, quoted on American folk music, [141]
• Milton, John, father of the poet, [202]
• Milton, John, [173], [202]
• Minnesingers, [102]–3
• Minstrel, the, [88] ff.
• “Miracle-plays,” [172]
• Modes, development of, in church music, [71]–3
• Mohammed, [56]
• Mohammedans, capture of Constantinople by, [165]
• Monochord, invented by Pythagoras, [41]
• Montemezzi, [385]–6
• Monteverde, Claudio, his innovations in music, and his operatic and other works, [178]–86
• Montpensier, Mlle. de, [223]–4
• Moonlight Sonata, Beethoven’s, [300], [304]
• “Moralities,” [172], [173]
• Morley, Thomas, [194], [196], [198], [199]
• Morris, Harold, [506]
• Morris dance, the, [123]–4
• Moscheles, Ignaz, [320]–1
• Moses, [26], [27]
• Moszkowski, Moritz, [449]
• Motet, the, [147]–9
• Mourning songs, [126]
• Moussorgsky, Modeste, [444]
• Mouton, Jean, [155]
• Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, Haydn his teacher and friend, [284]–5;
  • account of his life, [285]–90;
  • Don Giovanni, [288], [290], [291];
  • The Magic Flute, [288], [289], [291], [329];
  • his work, [290]–2;
  • influence of, on Wagner, [360]
• Muses, the nine, of the Greeks, [32]
• Music, the process of change in, [515]–19
• Musical instruments, see Instruments, musical
• Musical terms, derived from the Italian language, [206]–7
• “Mysteries,” [172]
• N
• Napoleon I, [293], [298], [442]
• National Federation of Music Clubs, [479]
• National hymns, [115]–17
• Nature, sounds of, imitated by primitive man, [6];
  • personified in gods of the ancient Egyptians, [21]
• Naumann, Emil, [281], [285]
• Negro, the, and his music, [17]–19
• “Negro minstrels,” origin of, [473]
• Negroes, American, folk music of, [117], [118], [143]–4;
  • their spirituals, [144], [500]–1;
  • Stephen Foster and their music, [472], [473];
  • Henry F. Gilbert’s music founded on negro themes, [484]
• Neidlinger, William, [490]
• Neri, Saint Filippo, founder of oratorio, [171]
• Nero, Emperor, [45]
• Nero, Boito’s, [381], [382]
• Nevin, Arthur, [487]
• Nevin, Ethelbert, [488]
• New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, [476], [477]
• New England group of composers, the, [475] ff.
• New York Philharmonic Society, founding of, [467]
• New York Symphony Society, [468]
• Netherlands, the, modern music in, [541]
• Neumes notation, [72]
• Nibelungen Ring, The, Wagner’s, [364], [366] ff.
• Nikisch, Arthur, [412]
• Nilsson, Christine, [451]
• Nordica, Lillian, [469]
• Norma, Bellini’s, [337]
• Norris, Homer, [484]
• Norsemen, the, [91]–2
• Norway, composers of, [449]–51
• Notation of music, the Greeks the first to use, [40];
  • the Japanese, [51];
  • the Hindus, [65]–6;
  • use of neumes, [72];
  • beginnings of the staff and harmony, [77] ff.;
  • the three, four and five line staffs and development of clefs, [79]–80;
  • naming of notes of the scale, [81]–2;
  • introduction of time values, [83]–4;
  • tablature, [151]
• O
• Oberammergau, Passion Play of, [173]
• Oberon, Weber’s, [329]
• Oboe, use of, by the Hindus, [66]
• Odin, [92]
• Offenbach, Jacques, [335]–6
• Okeghem, Jan, [153]–4
• Old Folks at Home, The, [474]
• Oldberg, Arne, [490]
• Olympic games, [37]
• Opera, the descendant of the masque, [173];
  • beginnings of, in Italy, [173] ff.;
  • the coming of Italian opera to France, [178];
  • operas of Monteverde, [181] ff.;
  • first public opera house in Venice, [185];
  • Italian opera composers of 17th and 18th centuries, [212]–13;
  • opera in France, 15th to 18th centuries, [222]–31;
  • Handel, [255] ff.;
  • Gluck, the father of modern opera, [263] ff.;
  • Haydn, [275] ff.;
  • Mozart, [285] ff.;
  • opera makers of France, Germany and Italy, 1741 to Wagner, [326] ff.;
  • Weber, [327]–9;
  • the French school, [330] ff.;
  • Cherubini, [331]–2;
  • Meyerbeer, [334]–5;
  • Offenbach, [335]–6;
  • Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, [337]–8;
  • opera singers of the late 18th and 19th centuries, [338];
  • English opera-ballad, [338]–41;
  • light opera, [341]–2;
  • Wagner, [359]–76;
  • Verdi and Meyerbeer to our day, [377] ff.;
  • modern Italian opera, [377]–86;
  • French opera, [386]–95;
  • German opera composers since Wagner, [395]–6;
  • early opera in America, [465]–6;
  • opera companies in America, [514]
• Opéra comique, [330]
• Oratorio, Saint Filippo Neri the founder of, [171]
• Oratorio Society of New York, [468]
• Orchestra, size of ancient Egyptian, [22];
  • of the Roman theatre, [45];
  • of the Hindus, [64]–5;
  • the Russian balalaika orchestra, [130];
  • the Hungarian gypsy orchestra, [134];
  • Monteverde’s, [181]–2, [185];
  • meaning of the word, [234];
  • Haydn’s additions and improvements in the, [283];
  • rise of, in 19th century, [323];
  • the innovations of Berlioz, [401]–2;
  • orchestras in America, [466]–8;
  • symphony orchestras in America, [513]–14
• Organ school, the 17th century, [157]–8
• Organs, early, [85], [235]–7
• Orientals, music of the, [46] ff.
• Ornstein, Leo, [508]
• Orpheus, [34]–5
• Orpheus and Euridice, Gluck’s, [268]
• Overtones, [528]–9
• Oxford, first chair of music at, [190]
• P
• Pachelbel, Johann, [240]
• Pacius, Frederick, [453]
• Paderewski, Ignace Jan, [322], [449]
• Paganini, Nicolo, [324]
• Paine, John Knowles, [475]–6
• Palestrina, [167]–70, [171]
• Palmgren, Selim, [453]
• Pan and his pipes, [32]–3;
  • the organ a descendant of Pan’s pipes, [235]
• Paris, as meeting place for composers, [330] ff.
• Paris Conservatory of Music, [430]–2
• Parker, Horatio, [478]–9
• Parry, Sir Charles Hubert Hastings, [438]
• Parsifal, Wagner’s, [372]–3, [374]
• Passion Play of Oberammergau, [173]
• Patience, Sullivan’s, [341]
• Patriotic songs, [115]–17
• Patrons of music in America, [512]–13
• Patti, Adelina, [338]
• Payne, John Howard, [465]
• Peace Jubilees, in Boston, [486]
• Pelleas and Milisande, Debussy’s, [394], [416], [520]
• Pentatonic scale, [10], [18], [47], [113]
• People’s Choral Union, New York, [470]
• Pepys, Samuel, [198], [204]
• Percy Reliques, the, [106], [127]
• Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, [212]–13, [230]
• Persian music, [57]
• Peter the Great, [441]
• Pfitzner, Hans, [424], [535]
• Philadelphia, music in Franklin’s, [463], [464]
• Pianists, [319] ff.;
  • of the late 19th and the 20th centuries, [325]
• Pianoforte, the, [307] ff.;
  • its ancestry and development through the clavichord and the harpsichord, [307]–11;
  • the first pianofortes, and their makers, [311]–15;
  • automatic players, [316]–17;
  • value of mechanical players, [318]–19;
  • performers on the, [319] ff.
• Piccinni, [269], [270]
• Pierné, Gabriel, [392], [393]
• Pilgrims and Puritans in America, [458]–60
• Pinafore, Sullivan’s, [341]
• Pirates of Penzance, Sullivan’s, [341]
• Pius IX, Pope, [406]
• Pizzetti, Ildebrando, [540]
• Plagal scales, [72], [73]
• Plain chant, or plain song, [73]
• Playford, John, [197]
• Pleyel, Ignaz Josef, piano maker, [314]
• Pleyel, Marie, [323]
• Poe, Edgar Allan, [474]
• Poet and Peasant, von Suppé’s, [336]
• Poland, composers of, [448]–9
• Poland, modern music in, [531]–2
• Poldowski (Lady Dean Paul), [439]–40, [531]
• Poles, folk music of, [113]–14, [131];
  • instruments of, [131]
• Polish dances, [121]
• Polyform music, [516] ff.
• Polyphony, introduction into church music, [70]–1
• Polytonality, [516], [517], [529]
• Ponchielli, Amilcare, [386]
• Pope, Alexander, [262]
• Porpora, Niccolo, [213]–14
• Portuguese folk music, [135]
• Powell, John, [499]–500
• Pratt, Silas G., [489]
• Pratt, Waldo Selden, History of Music by, quoted, [102]–3
• Prehistoric man, beginnings of music and musical instruments among, [3]–7
• Près, Josquin des, [148], [154]–5
• Prescott, Wm. H., Conquest of Peru by, cited, [53]
• Printing, invention of, [163]–4
• “Program music,” [242], [397]
• Prokofiev, Serge, [531]
• Prophet, The, Meyerbeer’s, [335]
• Protestant Church, founding of the, [165]
• Provence, the troubadours poet-composers of, [97]
• Prunières, Henry, quoted on Monteverde, [185]–6
• Psaltery, the, [28], [29], [308]
• Public concerts, the first, [272]–3
• Puccini, Giacomo, [383]–5
• Purcell, Henry, [200], [204], [205]–7
• Puritans and Pilgrims in America, [458]–60
• Pythagoras, influence of, in music, [40]–2;
  • his theory of harmonics or overtones, [526], [528]
• Pythian games, [37]
• Q
• Quarter-tones, use of, [538]–9
• R
• Rachmaninov, Sergei, [409]–10, [446]
• Radio, the, [319]
• Ragtime music, [143]–4
• Rameau, Jean Philippe, [227]–31
• Rattle, use of, by American Indians, [11], [12]
• Ravel, Maurice, [417], [522]–4
• Rebeck, the, [189]
• Recitative style, the, [183]
• Reformation, the, [165]
• Reger, Max, [428]–9
• Reinken, Johann Adam, [239]
• Remenyi, [420]
• Renaissance, the, [163]
• Respighi, Ottorino, [540]
• Reyer, Ernest, [389]
• Rheingold, Das, Wagner’s, [367], [371]
• Rhythm, [517]–18
• Rice, Thomas, [473]
• Richard the Lion-Hearted, [99]
• Ries, Ferdinand, [299], [320]
• Rigoletto, Verdi’s, [379]
• Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, [444], [445]
• Ritter, Alexander, [411], [413]
• Robert le Diable, Meyerbeer’s, [335]
• Robin Hood, De Koven’s, [336], [488]
• Romance languages, the, [96]–7
• Romans, music of the, [43]–5
• Romantic movement in music, the, [294]–5, [320]–2, [343] ff.
• Romberg, Andreas, [324]
• Rome, the great musical center in the 18th century, [219]
• Rome, American Academy in, [507]–8
• Ronsard, Pierre de, [160]–1, [456]
• Rore, Cyprian de, [156]
• Roses, War of the, in England, [187]
• Rosetta stone, the, [23]
• Rossini, Giacchino, [337]
• Rounds, [101]–2, [123]
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, [269];
  • quoted on folk music of Brittany, [136]
• Rubinstein, Anton, [322], [408], [443], [446]
• Rubinstein, Nikolai, [409], [443], [446]
• Russia, folk music in, [114], [129]–30;
  • stringed instruments in, [130];
  • composers of, [441] ff.;
  • Michael Glinka, [442];
  • Rubinstein and Tchaikovsky, [443];
  • “the Five” group of composers, [444]–6;
  • other composers, [446]
• S
• Sackbut, the, [189]
• Sailors’ songs, [117]
• St. Bartholomew’s eve, massacre of, in France, [177]
• Saint-Saëns, Charles Camille, [386], [390]–1
• Salieri, Antonio, [332]
• Salome, Strauss’s, [412], [413], [415]
• Salon music, [322]
• Salzedo, Carlos, [511]
• Samson and Delilah, Saint-Saëns’s, [390]
• Sand, George, [357]
• Satie, Erik, [524], [525]
• Savages, the music of, [8] ff.
• Sax horn, the, [401]
• Saxophone, the, [401]
• Scales: the pentatonic, [10], [18], [47], [113];
  • the ancient Egyptian, [23];
  • of the Greeks, [37]–40;
  • of the Romans, [44];
  • of the Chinese, [47]–8;
  • of the Arabs, [58]–9;
  • of the Hindus, [65]–6;
  • of St. Ambrose, [71], [72], [73];
  • plagal, of Pope Gregory, [72], [73];
  • of Hucbald and Guido d’Arezzo, [80]–1;
  • naming of notes of our scale, [81]–2
• Scarlatti, Alessandro, [212]
• Scarlatti, Domenico, [220]–1
• Scheidt, Samuel, [241]
• Schein, Johann Heinrich, [241]
• Schelling, Ernest, [455], [499]
• Scherchen, Hermann, [536]
• Schillings, Max, [395]
• Schindler, Kurt, [512]
• Schirmer, Gustav, [513]
• Schmidt, Arthur P., [513]
• Schoenberg, Arnold, [532]–3
• Schola Cantorum, of Paris, [434], [435]
• Schools of music: of the 15th and 16th centuries, [146] ff.;
  • rise of, [151]–2;
  • the Franco-Flemish school, [152]–5;
  • the Venetian school, [155]–7;
  • the 17th century organ school, [157]–8
• Schrecker, Franz, [535]
• Schubert, Franz Peter, [344]–7
• Schumann, Clara, [321], [420]–1, [422]
• Schumann, Robert, [351]–4, [420]–1
• Schütz, Heinrich, [240]–1
• Scotch and Welsh folk music, [137]–9
• Scott, Cyril, [544]
• Scotti, Antonio, [383], [384]
• Scriabin, Alexander Nicolai, [446], [526]–7
• Scribe, Eugène, [335]
• Seasons, The, Haydn’s, [281]
• Seidl, Anton, [428], [469]
• Shakespeare, [173];
  • and music, [199]–200;
  • and the harpsichord, [310]
• Shofar, use of, by the Hebrews, [27]
• “Shout,” the, negro dance, [144]
• Siamese, music of the, [52]
• Sibelius, Jan, [452]–3
• Siegfried, Wagner’s, [367], [368], [410]
• Signatures, time, origin of signs for, [84]
• Sinding, Christian, [450]
• Singleton, Esther, The Orchestra and Its Instruments, by, [215]
• Sistrum, the, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, [22]
• Sjögren, Emil, [452]
• Skalds, Scandinavian, [91]–4
• Skilton, Charles Sanford, [487]
• Smart, Henry, [340]
• Smetana, Frederick, [446]–7
• Smith, David Stanley, [479]–80
• Smyth, Dame Ethel, [439]
• Société Nationale of Paris, [433]–4
• Solomon, King, singers and musicians of, [28]
• Sonata form, the, [243]
• Sonata, the first, [206], [241], [242]
• Song writers, of the late 19th century, [423] ff.
• Song writers, American women, [481]
• Song writers, recent, of America, [509]–10
• Songs, patriotic, [115]–17
• Sonneck, Oscar G., Early Concert-life in America by, quoted, [459]–60
• Sousa, John Philip, [487]
• Spain, composers of, [453]–5
• Spalding, Albert, [505]
• Spalding, Walter R., [475], [478]
• Spanish dance-songs, [122];
  • folk music, [135]
• Spinet, the, [210], [311]
• Spirituals, songs of the American negro, [144]
• Spirituals, negro, versus jazz, [500]–1
• Spohr, Louis, [329]
• Spohr, Ludwig, [324]–5
• Spontini, Gasparo, [332]–3
• Stabat Mater, Rossini’s, [337]
• Staff, the beginnings of, [77], [79], [80]
• Stainer, Sir John, [341], [438]
• Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers, [439]
• Steinways, the, piano makers, [315]
• Stevenson, Robert Louis, [389]
• Stock, Frederick, [468]
• Stoessel, Albert, [468], [506]
• Stojowski, Sigismund, [449]
• Stonehenge, [90]
• Stoughton Musical Society, [462]
• Stradella, [212]
• Strauss, Johann, [335], [336]
• Strauss, Richard, life and work of, [410]–15, [424], [534]
• Stravinsky, Igor, [318], [446], [527]–8, [530]–1, [538]–9
• Streicher, Nanette, [313]
• Stringed instruments, the origin of, [307]–8
• Suites, dance tunes grow up into, [210]–2
• Sullivan, Sir Arthur, [336], [341]–2
• Suppé, Franz von, [336]
• Svendsen, Johan Severan, [450]
• Sweden, composers of, [452]
• Sweelinck, Jan, [157]–8, [197], [240]
• Switzerland, modern music in, [541]–2
• Symphony, first composers of, in Germany, [273]–4
• Symphony orchestras in America, [513]–14
• Syrinx, or Pan’s pipes, [33]
• Szymanowski, Karol, [531]
• T
• Tablature, [151]
• Tales of Hoffmann, The, Offenbach’s, [336]
• Tallis, Thomas, [192], [197]
• Tambourine, use of, by the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • by the Assyrians, [25];
  • by the Hindus, [66]
• Tannhäuser, Wagner’s, [365]–6, [370], [401]
• Tansman, Alexander, [532]
• Tartini, [218]
• Tasso, Torquato, [174], [180], [184]
• Tausig, Carl, [409], [448]
• Taylor, Deems, [506]
• Taylor, Samuel Coleridge, [439]
• Tchaikovsky, P. I., [409], [443], [446]
• Terpander, supposed perfection of tetrachord by, [39]–40
• Tetrachords, [38], [39], [44]
• Thomas, Arthur Goring, [438]–9
• Thomas, Charles Ambroise, [386]
• Thomas, Theodore, [467]–8, [471]
• Thuille, Ludwig, [395]
• Tibia, or bagpipe, the Roman, [45]
• Timbrel, use of, by the Hebrews, [26]
• Time values, introduction of, into music, [83]–4
• Tone poets, [397] ff.
• Tone relationship, Pythagoras’ theory of, [41]
• Torelli, [218]
• Tosca, Puccini’s, [384]
• Toscanini, Arturo, [382]
• Tourte, François, perfection of violin bow by, [323]
• Tremolo, invention of, [184]
• Trent, Council of, action of, on church music, [167]
• Trinity Church, New York, [464]
• Tristan and Isolde, Wagner’s, [369], [370], [372]
• Troubadours, the, [97], [99]–101
• Trouvères, the, [97], [101]–2
• Troyer, Carlos, [485]
• Trumpets, use of, in war by the ancient Egyptians, [22];
  • use of, by the Hebrews, [27];
  • by the Greeks, [43];
  • by the Hindus, [66]
• Twentieth century music, [515] ff.
• Tyndale, William, [190]
• Tyrol, the, making of lutes and viols in, [215]
• U
• Unfinished Symphony, Schubert’s, [346]
• United States, the, folk music in, [140]–5;
  • modern music of, [456] ff;
  • lack of definite traits in music of, that could be called national, [457];
  • Pilgrims and Puritans, [458]–60;
  • William Billings, [460]–2;
  • the Stoughton Musical Society, [462];
  • the Boston Handel and Haydn Society, [462];
  • music in Franklin’s Philadelphia, [463];
  • Francis Hopkinson, [463]–4;
  • early opera, [465]–6;
  • orchestras, [466]–7;
  • the New York Philharmonic Society, [467];
  • Theodore Thomas, [467]–8;
  • the Damrosch family, [468]–70;
  • the Mason family, [470]–1;
  • Gottschalk, [471]–2;
  • Stephen Collins Foster, [472]–4;
  • the New England group of composers, [475] ff.;
  • Dudley Buck, [476];
  • George Chadwick, [476]–7;
  • Horatio Parker, [478]–9;
  • women composers and song writers, [480]–1;
  • Loeffler, [482]–3;
  • Victor Herbert, [486];
  • Sousa, [487];
  • Ethelbert Nevin, [488];
  • Reginald de Koven, [488]–9;
  • MacDowell, [491]–4;
  • Henry Holden Huss, [495];
  • Albert Mildenberg, [497]–8;
  • John Alden Carpenter, [498];
  • Eric Delamater, [498]–9;
  • John Powell, [499]–500;
  • negro Spirituals versus Jazz, [500]–1;
  • Louis Gruenberg, [502]–3;
  • Irving Berlin, [503];
  • George Gershwin, [503];
  • Charles Tomlinson Griffes, [504]–5;
  • the American Music Guild, [506]–7;
  • the American Academy in Rome, [507]–8;
  • Leo Ornstein, [508];
  • song writers, [509]–10;
  • foreigners writing in America, [510]–12;
  • some American patrons of music, [512]–13;
  • symphony orchestras, [513]–4;
  • opera companies, [514];
  • twentieth century composers in, [545]–6
• University of California, open air theatre at, [469]
• V
• Valkyrie, Wagner’s, [367], [368], [369], [371], [374], [375]
• Van der Stucken, Frank, [490]
• Varese, Edgar, [511]
• Vaudeville, origin of the word, [119]–20
• Venetian school of music, the, [155]–7
• Venice, first public opera house in, [185]
• Verdi, Giuseppe, account of his life and work, [377]–81
• Vielle, or hurdy-gurdy, the, [106]
• Vikings, the, [91]
• Viola, the, [216]–17
• Violin, makers of the, in Cremona, [14]–17;
  • perfecting of the bow, [323];
  • the growth of violin music, [323]–5
• Violoncello, the, [216]
• Viols, of the Arabs, [60]
• Viotti, Giovanni Battista, [323]
• Virginal, the, [210], [310], [311]
• Virginals, in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, [195]–6
• Vitali, Giovanni Battista, [218]
• Vivaldi, [218]
• Volger, Abbé, [327], [328]
• W
• Wagner, Wilhelm Richard, account of his life and work, [359]–76;
  • influence of other musicians upon, [360]–1;
  • first use of leit-motif by, [364];
  • The Flying Dutchman, [365];
  • Tannhäuser, [365]–6, [370];
  • Lohengrin, [366], [368], [375];
  • The Nibelungen Ring, [364], [366] ff.;
  • Tristan and Isolde and The Meistersinger, [369]–71, [372];
  • Bayreuth, [371]–2, [373];
  • Parsifal, [372]–3, [374];
  • his influence on opera, [374]–6;
  • influence of, on Verdi, [377], [381];
  • followers of his theories in France, [389];
  • and Liszt, [405]–6, [407], [408]
• Wagner, Siegfried, [395]
• Wallace, William Vincent, [341]
• Walther, Johann, [166]
• Washington, George, [464]
• Water organs, [309]
• Weber, Carl Maria von, [327]–9, [333], [334];
  • influence of, on Wagner, [360]
• Weelkes, Thomas, [200], [201]
• Weingartner, Felix, [424]
• Wellesz, Egon, [533]
• Welsh folk music, [137]–8
• Wesley, Samuel, [340]
• Whiteman, Paul, [508]
• Whithorne, Emerson, [505]
• Whiting, Arthur, [482]
• Whitman, Walt, [474]
• Widor, Charles Marie, [392]
• Wieck, Clara, [352]–3
• Willaert, foundation of Venetian school of music by, [155]–6
• William the Conqueror, [93]
• William Tell, Rossini’s, [337]
• Williams, Vaughn, [543]
• Wolf, Hugo, [424]–6
• Wolfe, James, [380]
• Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno, [385]
• Wolle, Frederick, [464]
• Wood, Sir Henry J., [318]
• Worde, Wynken de, song book of, [191]
• Y
• Young People’s Concerts, New York, [470]
• Ysaye, Eugene, [434]
• Z
• Zarlino, books on harmony and theory by, [157]
• Zither, use of, by the Arabs, [60]

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
3. The music files are the music transcriber’s interpretation of the printed notation and are placed in the public domain.
   1. P. [78], Organum, Subsituted 1/2 note rest for short bar line indicating break between sung notes.
   2. P. [78], Discant, missing slur and not whole note.