FOOTNOTES:
[46] Les Mariages espagnols sous le règne d’Henri IV. et la Régence de Marie de Medicis, by M. Perrens, Professor at the Lycée Bonaparte.
[47] Manuscripts of the Imperial Library, fonds Harlay, 228, Nos. 14, 15; Court of Spain, Embassy of M. de Vaucellas, already quoted by M. Armand Baschet in his amusing work, very rich in rare documents, Le Roi chez la Reine.
[48] The Infanta Maria, married to Ferdinand III., King of Hungary, afterwards Emperor.
[49] Despatch from M. de Vaucellas, November 20, 1610. Manuscripts quoted above.
[50] Mercure Français, vol. ii. p. 549.
[51] Manuscripts of the Imperial Library, fonds Dupuy, 76, p. 145, and Archives of the Château of Mouchy-Noailles, No. 1706. Mariages des Rois et Reines, by M. Baschet in his book already quoted.
[52] Journal de Jean Héroard sur l’Enfance et la Jeunesse de Louis XIII. Manuscripts of the Imperial Library. It has just been published by Didot, having been edited by MM. Eud. de Soulié and Ed. de Barthélemy, with an intelligence, a carefulness, and an erudition on which they cannot be too strongly felicitated.
[53] Journal d’Héroard, November 3, 1604, and March 2, 1605.
[54] Ibid., April 4, 1605.
[55] Ibid., January 29, 1607.
[56] Marguerite de Navarre.
[57] Journal d’Héroard, passim.
[58] Ibid., June 9, 1604, and October 21, 1608.
[59] “Ha!” he said, when he was told of Ravaillac’s act, “if I had been there with my sword, I would have killed him.”—Journal d’Héroard, May 14, 1610.
[60] Another day, November 14, 1611, he proceeded to St. Germain. “He went there to visit his brother, who was ill of an endormissement, accompanied with slight convulsions. He awoke, and Louis XIII. said to him, ‘Bonsoir, mon frère.’ He replied, ‘Bonsoir, mon petit papa.’ At these words Louis XIII. commenced to weep, went away, and was not seen for the whole of the day.”—Journal d’Héroard, Nov. 14, 1611.
[61] Mémoires du Maréchal de Bassompierre.—Journal d’Héroard.
[62] Despatch from the ambassador of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Matteo Bartolini, December 4, 1615, quoted by M. A. Baschet. Journal d’Héroard, November 21, 1615.
[63] Journal d’Héroard, November 25, 1615.
[64] Despatch of the Nuncio Bentivoglio, January 30, 1619.
[65] Ibid., January 16, 1619.
[66] Despatch of Contarini, ambassador from Venice, Jan. 27, 1619.
[67] Despatches of the Nuncio Bentivoglio, vol. i. pp. 157, 240, 300; and vol. ii. pp. 10, 31, 39, 40, 44, 80, 82, and 84. Despatch of Bentivoglio, January 30, 1619. See also despatches from the Venetian ambassador, January 27, and February 5, 1619; the Journal d’Héroard, January 25, 1619; Letter from Father Joseph to the Minister of Spain, February 14, 1619; and, lastly, the Mémoires de Bassompierre, vol. ii. p. 147.
[68] To the causes of Louis XIII.’s reserve, which we have just cited, may be added another, which the duty of not omitting anything causes us to indicate. According to the Rélation de Don Fernando Giron (Archives of Simancas), Louis XIII. held aloof from Anne of Austria “because he had been persuaded that if he had a son, while yet so young, it would cause a civil war in the kingdom.” Nothing, however, confirms this supposition, or renders it likely.
[69] Despatch of the Nuncio Bentivoglio, December 4, 1619.
[70] Mémoires de Bassompierre, confirmed by the Journal d’Héroard, March 26, 1622.
[71] Journal d’Héroard, passim, and especially June 8, and August 21, 1626.
[72] Ibid., May 10, 1621.
[73] “He was playing with some little balls, rolling them along his taper stand, and calling them soldiers. M. de Souvré reproved him, and told him that he was always amusing himself at childish games. ‘But, Monsieur de Souvré, these are soldiers; this is not a child’s game!’ ‘Sir, you will always be a child.’ ‘It is you who keep me one!’”—Journal d’Héroard, February 21, 1610.
[74] Several facts cited by Héroard prove that Louis XIII. was not at all sensible to flattery. (See particularly Oct 8, and Dec. 3, 1610.)
[75] Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Manuscripts. Original Letters of Louis XIII. Section France, 5.
[76] Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Manuscripts. Section France, vol. lxxxviii. fol. 99, and lxxxix. fols. 3, 23, 67, 78, and 103.
[77] M. Michelet indicates another motive which it is only necessary to cite in order to show its improbability. “Richelieu,” he says, “trusted in the weakness of the Queen’s nature, and, consequently, that one day or other she would be involved in some embarrassment or thoughtlessness which would leave her at his mercy.”
[78] Mémoires de La Porte, p. 370.
[79] Letter from Richelieu to Marshal de Schonberg, September 25, 1630; Letter from Father Suffren, Louis XIII.’s confessor, to Father Jacquinot, October 1, 1630.
[80] Letter from Father Suffren, already quoted. In one year Bouvart, Louis XIII.’s doctor, had him bled 47 times, made him take 212 medicines and 215 injections.—Archives Curieuses de l’Histoire de France, by Cimber and Danjou, 2nd series, vol. v. p. 63.
[81] Letter from Richelieu to Schonberg, September 30, 1630; Letter from Richelieu to d’Effiat, October 1, 1630.—Mémoires de Richelieu, book xi. vol vi. p. 296. Letter from Father Suffren, already quoted.
[82] A similar and as perfect return of lively affection and reciprocal tenderness was produced anew on the occasion of the illness of February, 1643, to which Louis XIII. succumbed. See the Mémoire fidèle des choses qui se sont passées à la mort de Louis XIII., written by Dubois, his valet-de-chambre. The ingenuousness and the precision in details which it exhibits does not permit us to doubt the exactitude and authenticity of this account. See also Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mémoires Manuscrits de Lamothe-Goulas, Secrétaire des Commandements du Duc d’Orléans, vol. ii. p. 368.
[83] Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mémoires Manuscrits de Lamothe-Goulas, Secrétaire des Commandements du Duc d’Orléans, vol. ii. p. 367.
[84] November 11, 1630—known in French history as “the Day of the Dupes”—when the Duke de Saint-Simon, father of the famous memoir writer, brought about a secret interview between Richelieu, who, in disgrace, was on the eve of retiring to Havre, and Louis XIII., then at his hunting-seat of Versailles. At the moment when every one believed the downfall of the once all-powerful Minister to be complete, the latter succeeded in recovering his lost influence over the King, of which he had been deprived through the intrigues of Marie de Medicis, who had demanded of her son whether he was “so unnatural as to prefer a valet to his mother.” Richelieu, when firmly reinstated in power, did not spare the queen-mother’s partisans, upon several of whom he avenged himself with his accustomed severity.—Trans.
[85] This date is given in Richelieu’s Journal, of which we are about to speak.
[86] M. Jules Loiseleur, Revue Contemporaine, of July 31, 1867, p. 223. This Journal has been published in the Archives Curieuses de l’Histoire de France, of Cimber and Danjou, 2nd series, vol. v.
[87] Imperial Library. Manuscripts, ancien fonds Français, No. 9241.
[88] Lettres et Papiers de Richelieu, published in the collection of Documents inédits de l’Histoire de France, by M. Avenel, Conservator of the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, with a profound knowledge of the period with which he is concerned, and an exactitude, an intelligence and a care for which one cannot too highly praise him.
[89] Lettres et Papiers de Richelieu, vol. iv. p. 115.
[90] Mémoires de Bassompierre.
[91] Marie de Rohan, Duchess de Chevreuse, who possessed so great an influence over Anne of Austria, was the daughter of Hercule de Rohan, Duke de Montbazon, Governor of Paris, and one of the first noblemen of France. In 1617, she espoused Albert de Luynes, favourite of Louis XIII., who on the occasion of the marriage created his confidant a duke and appointed his wife Superintendent of the Queen’s Household. Shortly after the death of her husband, in 1621, from fever caught at the siege of Montauban, she married Claude de Lorraine, Duke de Chevreuse, the son of that Duke de Guise whom Henry III. caused to be assassinated at Blois. The Duchess de Chevreuse was a charming and beautiful woman, gifted with extraordinary powers of intellect and proud of her high lineage, but incorrigibly given to intrigue.—Trans.