INDEX
Aberration, [19]
spherical, [122]
chromatic, [135]
Aerial perspective, [165], [183]
After-images, [24], [25], [59], [128], [186]
positive and negative, [129]
Airplanes, visibility of, [233]
camouflage for different types, [234]
size of image at various altitudes, [238]
camouflage for various conditions, [240]
Alhazen, [8]
Angles, influence of, [76]
various effects of, [81]
contours and, [87]
apparent effect on length, [91]
theories, [98]
Animals, protective coloration, [211]
Architecture, [195]
balance in, [201]
Arcs, circular, illusions due to, [86]
Areas, juxtaposed, illusions of, [96]
Artist, [179]
Attention, fluctuation of, [65], [106], [141], [164]
Aubert, [49]
Auerbach’s indirect vision theory, [100]
Aureole, [178]
Balance in architecture, [201]
Bas-relief, [143]
Battleships, [222]
Binocular disparity, [105]
Binocular vision, [29], [31]
Blending of colors in camouflage, [216]
Blind spot, [21]
Blue light on war-vessels, [230]
Boswell, varieties of irradiation, [122]
Brightness,
illusions due to
variations in, [107]
and color contrasts, [114]
apparatus, [115]
and hue, [125]
sky, [241]
Brucke’s theory, [37]
Brunot’s mean distance theory, [101]
Camouflage, [210]
terrestrial, [210]
detection of, [215]
marine, [222]
airplane, [234]
Carr, observations on distance illusions, [108]
Chromatic aberration, [19], [135]
Chlorophyl, [214]
Circle, [11]
arcs of, illusion, [86]
contracting and expanding illusion, [98]
Clouds, [235]
Color, [124]
after-images, [128]
blending in camouflage, [216]
contrasts and brightness, [114]
growth and decay of sensation, [131]
illusions of, [156]
retiring and advancing, [138]
saturation, [154]
sensibility of retina, [138]
warm and cold, [158]
Confusability, [226]
Confusion theory of angular illusions, [100]
Contour, illusions of, [52]
and angles, illusions, [87]
Contracting and expanding circles, illusion of, [98]
Contrasts, illusions of, [53]
simultaneous, [124], [154]
apparatus for, [115], [125]
color, [114], [154], [188]
brightness, [114]
Convergence, illusions of, [108], [191]
Cord, twisted, illusion, [88]
Daylight, artificial, [189]
Decoration, painting and, [179]
Decorator, [188]
Dember, [167]
Depth and distance, illusions, [102]
Direction, illusions of
Zöllner’s, [76]
Wundt’s, [79]
Hering’s, [80]
Disk, Mason, [132]
Distance and depth, illusions, [102]
and size, [35], [104], [166]
Distance illusions, Carr’s observations, [108]
Double images, [37]
Dynamic theory of angular illusions, [99]
Enlargement of sun and moon at horizon, apparent, [169]
Equivocal figures, [64]
Euclid, [8]
Extent, interrupted, illusions of, [48]
External image, [15], [17], [34]
Eye, physiology, [13]
position, [30]
adjustments, [33]
defects, [19]
Fatigue, [128]
Field, visual, effect of location in, [44]
Figures, equivocal, [64]
Filters, color, [214]
Fluctuation of attention, [65], [106], [141], [164]
Focusing, [14]
Form of sky, apparent, [166]
Fovea centralis, [22], [23], [139]
Frames, picture, effect of wood grain, [190]
Geometrical illusions, [44]
Glare, [119]
Grain of wood, apparent distortions due to, [190]
Grecian art, [196]
Growth and decay of color sensation, [131]
Guttman, [175]
Hallucination, [4], [72]
Halo, [178]
Haze, illusions, etc., [103], [166], [183]
earth and high, [240]
Helmholtz, [13], [74]
Hering, [74]
illusion of direction, [80]
Hue and brightness, [125]
Illusions, geometrical, [44]
equivocal figures, [64]
influence of angles, [76]
of depth and distance, [102]
irradiation and brightness contrast, [114]
color, [124]
light and shadows, [144]
in nature, [164]
in painting and decoration, [179]
mirror, [205]
camouflage, [210]
Image
after-, [24], [25], [59], [128], [129], [186]
double, [37]
external, [15], [17], [34]
retinal, inversion of, [16]
of airplane, size at various altitudes, [238]
Indirect vision theory, Auerbach’s, [100]
Intaglio, [143]
Interrupted extent, illusions of, [48]
Iris, [15]
Irradiation, [120]
and brightness contrast, [114]
varieties of (Boswell), [122]
in architecture, [199]
James, [170]
Jastrow, [80]
Jones, L. A., [223]
Judd, [86], [93]
Judgment, [1]
Karrer, [160]
Kepler, [8]
Light, effect of spectral character, [189]
Lighting, illusions of depth and distance due to, [102]
contrasts, [154]
diffusion, effect of, [145]
direction, effect of, [144], [151]
ending of searchlight beam, [160]
warm and cold colors, [158]
Lipps, [10], [11]
dynamic theory of, [99]
Location in visual field, effect, [44]
Mean distance theory, Brunot’s, [101]
Mechanical, esthetic unity, [11]
Magician, [3]
Magic, mirror, [205]
Marine camouflage, [222]
Mason disk, [132]
Mirage, [3], [176]
Mirror magic, [205]
Miscellaneous color effects, [140]
Moon, apparent size at horizon, [8], [36], [169]
theories of, [173]
apparent radius of crescent, [121]
Müller-Lyer illusion, [53], [93]
National Research Council, Committee on Camouflage, [234]
Nature, [164]
Necker, [74]
Oppel, [9]
Painting and decoration, [179]
Painter, [2], [179], [186]
Parallax, [105]
Parthenon of Athens, [196]
Persistence of vision, [131]
Perspective, [58]
in architecture, [198]
aerial [165], [183]
theory, [98]
Photographer, [152]
Photography, use in detection of camouflage, [220]
Photometer, [156], [217]
Pigments, [184]
Poggendorff illusion, [85]
Protective coloration, animals, [211]
Psychology, [2], [6], [157]
of light, [193]
Purkinje phenomenon, [26], [139]
Reflection-factors, [236]
Retina, [14], [20]
inertia, [130]
color sensibility, [138]
Retinal rivalry, [140]
Retiring and advancing colors, [136]
Reversal of mirror image, [205]
Rods and cones, [21]
Schröder’s staircase, [70]
Sculpture, [204]
Searchlight beam, ending of, [160]
Sensation, color, growth and decay, [131]
Sense, [1]
Shading, counter, for vessels, [224]
Shadows, importance in camouflage, [215]
Size and distance, [35], [36]
illusions of, [104], [166]
Sky
apparent form of, [166]
brightness, [241]
Skylight and sunlight, relative proportions of, [215], [243]
Smith, Robert, [173]
Smoke-screens, [230]
Spectral character of light, [189]
Sphere, illusions, [145], [150], [151]
Spherical aberration, [19]
Sphinx illusion, [206]
Spiral illusions, [90]
Spraying, paint, [187]
Stereoscope, [39], [142]
Stereoscopic vision, [38], [41], [141]
Submarines, [225]
camouflage for, [232]
Sun, apparent enlargement at horizon, [169]
Sunlight and skylight, relative proportions in nature, [215], [243]
Terrestrial camouflage, [210]
Theory of influence of angles, [98]
perspective, [98]
dynamic, [99]
confusion, [100]
indirect vision, [100]
mean distance, [101]
Thiéry’s figure, [71]
Thiéry’s perspective theory, [99]
Transparencies, [185]
Twisted cord illusions, [88]
Uibe, [167]
Vertical vs. horizontal distances, [11], [36], [46]
Visibility, low, for vessels, [222]
of airplanes, [233]
Vision, [29]
persistence of, [131]
stereoscopic, [38]
Visual perception, [32], [33]
Warm and cold colors, [158]
Warner, E. L., [227]
Wheatstone, [37]
Wood grain, illusions caused by, [191]
World War, [213]
Wundt, [10], [11], [32], [74]
illusion of direction, [79]
Yellow spot, [139]
Zöllner’s illusion, [67], [76]
Zoth, [175]
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