| Emperors of Rome. | | Rabbis of the Academies. |
| Antoninus Pius | 138 | Rabbi Mair and Simon b. Yochai flourished | 140 |
| Marcus Aurelius | 161 | Jehuda ha-Nasi, Pres. of Sanhedrin | 165 |
| Commodus | 180 | Jehuda ha-Nasi compiles Mishna | 189 |
| Alexander Severus | 222-235 | Rab opens Academy at Sora | 220 |
| Diocletian | 284 | Mar Samuel, Judge at Nehardea, about | 225 |
| Constantine | 320 | Academy of Pumbaditha | 247 |
| Constantius | 337-363 | Rab Huna dies | 297 |
| Neo-Persian Dynasty 226 |
| Constantine's anti-Jewish decrees 315 |
| Council of Nicea widens gulf between Judaism and Christianity 325 |