FOOTNOTES:
[1] Hunter on the Blood. Ed. 1794, p. 21.
[2] P. 25.
[3] P. 24.
[4] P. 97.
[5] P. 94.
[6] P. 98.
[7] Op. cit. p. 98.
[8] Vol. x, p. 45-82.
[9] Op. cit. p. 26.
[10] P. 200.
[11] P. 205.
[12] Anatomie Générale, vol. ii, p. 423.
[13] In speaking of the two principles, I shall use the term by "first intention", to designate that the fibrin is derived from coagulated blood; and restrict the term "adhesive inflammation" to indicate the effusion of lymph from inflamed vessels.
[14] Cruveilhier's Path. Liv. xi.
[15] Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. xii.
[16] Medical and Physical Journal, vol. lvi.
[17] London Medical Gazette.
[18] This remark I have had opportunities of verifying in cases, where needles have been introduced under varicose veins in the lower extremities, and allowed to remain, with a ligature around them, for ten days or a fortnight. The circulation through the vein will in such cases be obstructed; but, in a year or two, will be found to have become completely re-established.
[19] Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. xii.
[20] Dance. Archives Générales de Méd. vol. xviii, p. 480, Dec. 1828.
[21] In cases where pus has been found in veins surrounded by coagula, its presence and detention there have been differently accounted for. M. Cruveilhier appears to have imagined that the loose coagula act as filters, through which the blood passes, while the pus is retained. (Dict. de Méd. et de Chir. t. xii, p. 641.) The true explanation of the way in which coagula form round pus in the veins has already been given.
[22] See M. Gaspard's experiments.
[23] Dr. Lee. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions.
[24] Précis Elémentaire de Physiologie, t. ii, p. 389.
[25] Journal de Physiologie, t. v, p. 328 and 336.
[26] The present mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme.
[27] This, and the following experiments, are among those recorded by M. Gaspard, referred to in the foregoing dissertation.
[28] I once observed a similar condition in a young woman in St. George's Hospital. Each pulsation of the heart could be heard with great distinctness at a distance of two or three yards from the patient; during the paroxysms, there was the greatest difficulty of breathing; the countenance became anxious and livid, and a distinct thrill was communicated to all the arteries. After death, the countenance and upper part of the body were found livid from venous congestion. The lungs did not readily collapse when the chest was opened. The auricles of the heart were greatly distended with black blood; the inner surface of the left ventricle presented a white patch, of about two square inches in extent; the lining membrane of the aorta, for several inches, was of a bright red colour; this extended round one-third only of the circumference of the vessel. No other structural change could be found in the heart or vessels, which would account for the symptoms observed during life.
[29] De l'Infection Purulente, p. 399.
[30] In deducing general conclusions from experiments upon animals, it must be borne in mind, that in them suppuration is induced with great difficulty. Many of the appearances produced by the injection of putrid fluids (as in Experiment xiv) would, in man, probably have terminated in suppuration. Dr. Sédillot has nevertheless established the fact, that, generally speaking, a different class of post-mortem appearances may be expected from the introduction of decomposed serum, to those produced from fluids containing solid particles.
[31] London Journal of Medicine, vol. i, p. 799.
[32] In a case of fracture of the femur into the knee-joint, I have observed a dark ill-defined erysipelatous blush extend from the affected limb to the body, and thence to the head. Purulent deposits formed in various parts of the body, of which the patient died.
[33] For the knowledge of this fact, I am indebted to Mr. Cæsar Hawkins, of St. George's Hospital.
[34] Journal de Physiologie, t. iv, p. 45.
[35] Op. cit. p. 99.
[36] It may appear unusual to speak of action going on in the blood; but, in so doing, we only illustrate the principle with which we commenced, viz., that "the blood has the power of action within itself."
[37] Op. cit. p. 669.
[38] The term ecchymosis does not appear appropriate to the discoloured condition of parts observed in the commencement of this disease; the blood is not at first extravasated from the vessels, but coagulated in them.
[39] Op. cit. p. 662.
[40] Op. cit. p. 662.
[41] Ferguson (Dr.) On the Diseases of Women. These cases formed one-fifth of the whole number treated.
[42] Brodie (Sir B. C.) Medical Gazette, vol. xxxvii, p. 642.
[43] Op. cit. p. 662.
[44] I have observed this condition after injuries of the spine which proved fatal, by causing inflammation of other parts.
[45] This, and the two following cases, are taken from Tonellé. The author is responsible for the accuracy of all the preceding cases.
[46] Dr. Ferguson.
[47] Med.-Chir. Transactions, vol. xxviii.
[48] Mr. Gray, the Curator of the Museum of St. George's Hospital, has recently shewed me the outer layer of an effusion of blood into the arachnoid cavity, injected from the middle meningeal artery.
Transcriber's Notes
Page 81, Case XXVII. Aug 5th follows September 30th. This has been changed to Oct 5th.