Arimbaldo, [500];
joins Rienzi in his enterprise, [489].
Aristocracy, Roman, its position at the end of the 4th century, [3], [4], [5];
luxuriousness of the nobles, [5], [6], [7];
and of the women, [7], [8];
its characteristics in the 14th century, [396], [397].
See[Nobles].
Art, the Popes as patrons of, [515];
that of Rome imported from abroad, [516];
art workshops in Rome, [546].
Augsburg, Council of, [261];
German nobles impatient to open, [274], [275].
Augustine, Gregory's instructions to, for the making of converts, [156];
and for pastoral work, ib., [157], [158];
sent on his mission to England, [161], [162].
Bruno, Bishop, appointed Pope, [190];
acts on Hildebrand's advice, [191], [192];
his triumphant election at Rome, [193].
See[Leo IX].
Buildings, ancient, Gregory accused of destroying, [176], [177];
regarded as stone-quarries, [242], [517], [577];
restoration of, Book IV., passim.
Buono Stato, secret society formed for the establishment of, [423], [424];
demonstration by the conspirators, [425], [426];
its rules, [426], [427].
See[Rienzi].
Christianity, its conjunction with Paganism in Roman society, [7]-[10];
nominally embraced by the common people, [57];
again conjoined with Paganism during the Renaissance, [529].
Church, the, corruption of, [10], [11];
Jerome on the daily life of a Roman priest, [11], [12];
fierceness of controversy in, [105];
her position during the barbarian conquests of Rome, [120], [121];
beginning of her sovereignty, [121], [122];
best of the Roman youth absorbed by, [123];
made no claim to universal authority in the 6th century, [121], [132], [168];
wealth of, used for public purposes, [147];
almsgiving a principle of, [151];
Gregory's achievements for, [170];
pretensions to supremacy made by John of Constantinople, [170], [173];
Gregory's tolerant supervision of, [174];
state of, in Germany, [188];
reforms urgently necessary in, [195];
effort of Leo IX. for reform in, [196]-[199];
a new law for the election of the Popes, [208];
Hildebrand's ambition of making her a great arbitrating power, [211], [212];
how she secured independence in the election of the Popes, [214], [215];
first conflict between the Empire and, [215]-[219];
decrees of the Lateran Council against simony and marriage of priests, [235]-[239];
decree against lay investiture, [239];
real opening of her struggle with the Empire, [259];
her position in Gregory's time, and that of the Scottish Church before the Disruption, compared, [302];
her conflict with the Empire inevitable, [304], [305];
period of her greatest power, [308];
her relations with the Empire in the time of Innocent III., [311], [312].
See[Gregory the Great], [Hildebrand]and[Innocent III].
Crusade, Gregory VII.'s dream of a, [265], [351], [352];
encouraged by successive Popes, [352];
an expedition organised, ib.;
how it was diverted from its purpose, [353]-[356];
against the Albigenses, [298]-[301];
Innocent rouses the Italian towns to aid in, [373];
against the Turks, [553], [557], [558].
Crusaders, Innocent's instructions to his, [353];
their bargain with Venice, ib.;
capture Constantinople, ib., [354].
Election of the Popes, interference of Tuscany in, [203], [204], [208];
the rival authorities in, [206]-[208];
Hildebrand's new law for, [207];
first election under the new law, [214], [215];
Rome secures complete freedom in, [215].
Emperors, the rival, Henry IV. and Rudolf, Gregory's letters regarding their claims, [275], [276];
treated by the Pope with severe impartiality, [278];
attitude of the Roman populace towards their envoys, ib.;
Gregory insists upon holding a council to choose between, [281];
this plan abandoned, ib., [282];
Rudolf's case stated before the Lateran Council, [282];
Gregory pronounces his decision, [283]-[285].
See[Henry IV]. and[Rudolf].
Emperors, the rival, Philip and Otho, nothing to choose between them, [331], [332];
Innocent's attitude towards, [332], [333];
end of their ten years' struggle, [335].
See[Philip]and[Otho].
Fabiola, [22], [37], [55];
her matrimonial troubles, [93];
her visit to the convent at Bethlehem, ib., [94];
does public penance in Rome, [95]-[99];
founds the first public hospital in Rome, [99].
Gregory the Great, his home and early life, [124], [125];
enters public life, [125];
first result of his religious impulse, [126];
becomes a monk, [127];
describes his doubts and his intentions, ib.;
legends regarding his monastic life, [128];
his musings in his garden, [129], [130];
had no ecclesiastical ambitions, [131];
receives the first orders of the Church, ib.;
appointed a cardinal deacon, ib.;
Gibbon's description of him as a nuncio, ib.;
his position in the Court at Constantinople, [132];
in the society of his monks, [132]-[138];
his commentary on Job, [134], [135];
its moral discursiveness, [136], [137];
how he was assisted in it by the monks, [137];
his liberality, [139], [147];
promotion, and popularity as a preacher, [139];
his encounter with the English slave-children, ib., [140];
sets out on his mission to Britain, [141];
compelled to return, [142];
effect upon him of the story of Trajan and the widow, ib., [143];
organises processions of penitents during the plague, [144], [145];
his vision of the angel, [146], [147];
elected Bishop of Rome, [148];
attempts to escape from this responsibility, ib.;
his repugnance to the cares of office, [149];
his conviction that the end of the world was near, ib., [150];
feeds the starving poor of Rome, [151];
preserves Rome from attacks by the barbarians, [152];
was not a learned man, ib., [153];
his instructions to missionaries for the making of converts, [156], [157];
and for pastoral work, ib.;
his intercessions and negotiations for the safety of Rome, [158], [159];
amount of his work and responsibility, [159], [160];
welcomes the usurping Emperor Phocas, [160];
sends forth Augustine on his mission to England, [161]-[163];
no reason for attributing to him a great scheme of papal supremacy, [163], [164], [175], [176];
his reformation in music, [165], [166];
introduces changes in the ritual, [166];
his daily surroundings and occupations, [167], [168];
his rules of religious discipline, [168];
not a faultless character, [169];
his achievements for Rome and for the Church, ib.;
his indignation at the assumption of supremacy by John of Constantinople, [170];
his letters on this subject to the Emperor and to the Eastern Bishop, ib., [173];
his letter to Eulogius, [173];
tolerant in the supervision of his bishops, [175];
had no desire for political independence, ib.;
accused of causing the destruction of ancient buildings, [176], [177];
his last illness, [177];
his commentaries on Ezekiel and Job, ib.;
his death, ib.;
spots connected with his memory, [179].
Gregory VI., [186], [188];
how he secured his election, [183];
deposition of, ib., [189].
Gregory, VII., (see[Hildebrand]), his dream of elevating the Church, [231];
hopelessness of his instruments, ib.;
his reforms, and the enemies they raised up against him, ib., [232];
sufferings of his later years, [232];
council for the discussion of questions between Henry IV. and, [233];
reconciliation between Henry and, [235];
his letter summoning the first Lateran Council, ib.;
his decree against lay investiture, [239], [240];
unbosoms himself in a letter to Hugo, [240];
his care for the cause of justice and public honesty, [240]-[242];
abduction of, by Cencius, [245];
rescued by the populace, [249], [250];
summons Henry to appear before the papal court, [251];
his letter of remonstrance to the Emperor, [252];
council convoked by Henry for the overthrow of, [253], [254];
acts and addresses against, issued by this council, [254], [255];
his reception of the Emperor's letters, [257]-[259];
excommunicates the Emperor, [259];
effect of this step, [259]-[261];
agrees to preside over the Council of Augsburg, [261];
sets out for Augsburg, ib.;
takes refuge in the Castle of Canossa, [264]-[266];
German bishops make their submission to, [266];
accepts Henry's promises of amendment, [270];
receives him again into the church, ib., [271];
his attitude towards Henry, [273];
his letter to the German princes, [274];
shut up in Canossa Castle, ib.;
anxious to take part in the settlement of the Empire, [275];
his letters on the rivalry of the two kings, ib., [276];
sends legates to both kings demanding a safe-conduct, [276];
his authority disregarded by the rival parties, ib., [277];
treats both impartially, [278];
and the heresy of Berengarius, [279];
and the Norwegian king's request for missionaries, ib., [280];
insists upon a council to choose between the rival kings, [281];
his reception of the statement of Rudolf's envoys, [283];
appeals to St. Peter to judge of his dealings with Henry, [284], [285];
asserts his claim to universal authority, [286];
sends the imperial crown to Rudolf, [289];
Henry's council for the deposition of, ib.;
his reconciliation with Guiscard, [291], [292];
council convoked by the anti-Pope to reverse his anathemas, [293];
Henry submits his cause to a council convoked by, [295];
refuses to make peace with Henry, [296];
confined to the Castle of St. Angelo, [297];
his faith in his mission, [298];
brings down the Normans upon Rome, [299];
his spirit broken by the sack of Rome, [300];
his journey to Salerno, ib., [301];
revival of his former energy, [302];
the abuses he opposed, and those in the Church of Scotland before the Disruption, compared, ib., [303];
a martyr to his hatred of simony, [303], [304];
his death, [305];
his life and achievements, [306], [308], [363], [514].
Guelf and Ghibelline, when these titles were first used, [326].
Guiscard, Robert, [232], [244];
Gregory's reconciliation with, [291];
leaves the Pope to his fate, [293];
rescues the Pope and sacks Rome, [299];
conducts Gregory to Salerno, [300], [301].
Henry III., Emperor, [183];
patronises Hildebrand, [187];
appoints three successive Popes, [189].
Henry IV., Emperor, his vicious character, [223], [224];
summoned before the Papal court, [224];
council for the discussion of questions between Gregory and, [233];
reconciliation between Gregory and, [235];
rebels against the decrees of the Lateran Council, [251];
Gregory's letter of remonstrance to, [252];
summons a council for the overthrow of the Pope, [253], [254];
acts and addresses issued by the council, [254], [255];
excommunication of, [259];
abandoned by his friends and supporters, [260], [261];
his princes threaten to elect a king in his place, [261];
determines to make his submission to Gregory, ib.;
his fortunes begin to revive, [266];
his arrival at the Castle of Canossa, ib., [269];
his penances, [270];
his bond of repentance accepted by Gregory, ib.;
received again into the Church, ib., [271];
his attitude towards Gregory, [272];
refuses his consent to the council of arbitration, [281];
Gregory appeals to St. Peter to judge of his dealings with, [282]-[285];
again excommunicated and dethroned, [285];
his council for the deposition of Gregory, [289], [290];
chooses an anti-Pope, [290];
success of his enterprises, ib.;
crowned Emperor by his anti-Pope, [292];
seizes the Leonine city, [293];
submits his cause to a council convoked by Gregory, [295];
this council proves fruitless, [296];
becomes master of Rome, ib., [297];
evacuates the city, [299]-[300].
See[Emperors, the rival].
Hildebrand, his wanderings about the world, [184];
surroundings of his early life, ib., [185];
at the monastery of Cluny, [186];
patronised by the Emperor, Henry III., ib., [187];
influence of his experience of the Church in Germany upon, [188];
beginning of his public life, ib.;
follows the deposed Gregory VI. into exile, [189];
in Germany again, [190];
becomes a counsellor of Bruno, [191];
his plan for Bruno's conduct successful, [193];
offices conferred upon, by Leo IX., ib.;
sets in order the monastery of St. Paul, [195];
his work in Rome under Leo, [200];
selects a German prelate as Pope, ib.;
becomes adviser to the Empress Agnes, [202];
solicits the intervention of Tuscany in the election of the Popes, [204], [207];
the actual possessor of the power of two weak Popes, [205], [206];
holds a council in Rome, [206];
his new law for the election of the Popes, [207], [208];
his aims and purposes, [208], [211];
his dream of the Church as disinterested arbitrator in all quarrels, [211], [212];
did he desire universal authority? [212];
begins his reign under Nicolas II., ib.;
his letter to a powerful archbishop, [213];
secures for Rome complete independence in the choice of Popes, [215];
his sanction of the invasion of England by the Normans, [221];
supports the Conqueror's spoliation of Saxon abbeys, ib.;
summons Henry IV. to appear before the papal court, [224];
development of his ideal of the Church's sovereignty, ib., [225];
chosen and elected Pope, [225]-[227];
his abstemious habits, [297].
See[Gregory VII].
Innocent III., his wide-spread activity, [308];
his family, ib., [309];
his education, [309];
becomes a canon of St. Peter's, [310];
appointed Cardinal, [313];
his book on the vanity of life, [313]-[315];
elected Pope, [316];
his address to the assembly after his consecration, [319]-[322];
endeavours to strengthen his hold upon Rome, [322]-[324];
changes the constitution of the city, [323];
regains possession of the Papal States, [325], [326];
acts as guardian to Frederic of Sicily, [326];
profits by the inactivity of the Empire, ib.;
sides against Philip, [332], [333];
supports Otho, [333];
unable to enforce his authority over the German prelates, [334];
excommunicates Philip, ib.;
his part in the ten years' struggle between Philip and Otho, [335];
crowns Otho as Emperor, [338];
Otho breaks faith with, [339], [340];
his dealings with Philip Augustus, [340]-[343];
pronounces interdict upon France, [341], [342];
his activity, [344];
pronounces interdict upon England, [345];
excommunicates King John, ib.;
his acceptance of John's oath, [349];
his dealings with John unworthy of his character, ib., [350];
his instructions to the Crusaders, [353];
protests against the use made of the expedition, [354];
his letter on heresy, [356];
on the interpretation of the Bible by sectarians, ib.;
his attitude towards the Albigenses, [357], [358];
sends missionaries to them, [358];
proclaims a crusade against them, [359];
his career a failure, [361]-[363];
strengthened Papal authority over the Church, [364];
his address to the fourth Lateran Council, [365]-[369];
and the appeal of the Provençal nobles, [371];
befriends Raymond of Toulouse, [372];
rouses the Italian towns to aid in a crusade, [373];
his death, [374];
small result of his activities, ib.;
Roman populace at enmity with, [375];
his gifts to his brother Richard, ib.;
buildings erected by, [376];
his character, ib.;
the greatness of his ideals, [514].
Jerome, [28], [37], [42], [43], [66], [77];
quoted, [7], [19], [57], [58], [63], [69], [70], [110], [114];
on the daily life of a Roman priest, [11], [12];
accused of being concerned in Melania's disappearance, [33];
his life in the desert, [44], [45];
his Epistle to Heliodorus, [45], [46];
enters into religious controversy, [46], [47];
his usefulness recognised by the Church in Rome, [48];
lodged in Marcella's palace, [49];
his friendship with Paula, ib., [69];
his life among the Roman ladies, [50]-[54];
his position in Roman society, [54];
begins his translation of Scripture, ib.;
popular resentment against, [59], [62], [63], [69], [70];
engages in the controversy regarding celibacy, [60];
his letter on virginity quoted, ib., [61];
his letter to Paula on her daughter's death, [68], [69];
forced to retire from Rome, [72];
his letters to Asella, [72]-[76];
joins Paula's caravanserai, [79];
founds a convent at Bethlehem, [82];
how his translation of the Scriptures was finished, [84]-[88];
entreats Marcella to abandon the world, [91];
puzzled by Fabiola's curiosity, [95];
his judgment in the case of a divorced woman, [96];
his controversy with Rufinus, [100], [101].
Julius II., a fighting Pope, [582];
a patron of artists, [583], [589];
pulls down the ancient St. Peter's, ib., [587], [591];
secures the States of the Church, [587];
employs Raphael, [589], [590];
his portrait by Raphael, [590];
his death and career, [590]-[592].
Lateran Council, the first, Gregory's letter convoking, [235];
its decrees against simony and marriage of priests, [236]-[238];
lay investiture prohibited by the second Council, [239];
reception of the Emperor's letters by Gregory in, [256]-[259];
demands the excommunication of Henry, [259];
decides the case of the rival emperors, [281]-[285];
the fourth, Pope Innocent's address to, [365]-[369];
ordinances passed by, [370], [371];
gives judgment for de Montfort against the Provençal nobles, [371], [372].
Leo IV., the Leonine city enclosed by, [541]-[543].
Leo IX., confers offices upon Hildebrand, [193];
his tour of reformation, [195]-[199];
at the Council of Rheims, [198];
his use of the power of excommunication, [199];
his last enterprise and his death, ib., [200].
See[Bruno, Bishop].
Leo X., [515], [516];
little troubled by the rebellion against the Papacy, [592], [595];
his attitude towards Luther, [596], [597];
obliged to fight for the Patrimony, ib.;
amuses himself with his painters and his court, ib., [598];
his patronage of Raphael the chief element in his fame, [598];
his career, [599].
Louis of Bavaria, [384];
his reception in Rome, [320], [321];
his coronation, [390], [391];
declares Pope John deposed, [392];
elects a new Pope, ib.;
recrowned by his anti-Pope, ib., [393];
his departure from Rome, [393].
Luther, Martin, [595];
Pope Leo's attitude towards, [596].
Marcella, early life and marriage of, [17], [18];
becomes a widow, [18];
her reputation for eccentricity, ib., [19];
forms her community of Christian women, [20];
her zeal for knowledge, [26];
entreated by Paula and Jerome to abandon the world, [89]-[91];
prefers her useful life in Rome, [92], [93];
saves Principia from the Goths, [110];
tortured by them, ib.;
her death, [113].
See[Marcella, the Society of].
Marcella, the Society of, founded, [20];
character and position of the members, [21];
some associates of, [22]-[24];
a religious and intellectual meeting-place, [25];
daily life of the members, [26];
Thierry quoted on their occupations, ib.;
Jerome becomes the guest of, [49], [54];
wealth and liberality of, [55], [56];
unrestricted life of, [57];
shares in the popular resentment against Jerome, [77];
last days of, [108]-[110].
Marriage of priests, decree of the first Lateran Council against, [235], [238];
priests rebel against this measure, [237];
effects of the decree on the minds of the laity, [238], [239].
Martin V., [516], [517], [525];
begins the reconstruction and adornment of Rome, [523];
administers justice ib.
Melania, her bereavement, [30];
abandons her son, ib., [31];
sensation caused in Rome by her disappearance, [32];
in the Egyptian deserts, [33];
provides for and protects hunted monks, [35];
her encounter with the proconsul in Palestine, ib.;
accompanied by Rufinus, [36], [39];
founds a monastery at Jerusalem, [41];
the nature of her self-sacrifice, ib.;
her quarrel with Paula, [81].
Nicolas V., [392], [516], [562], [567];
as a lover of literature, [530];
unconscious of the coming revolution, ib.;
his origin, [531];
his learning, ib.;
makes his reputation, [532];
as a book collector, [534];
his character, [535];
a lover of peace, ib.;
his dealings with his literary men, [537];
churches rebuilt by, [544];
his additions to the Vatican and to St. Peter's, [545];
founds the Vatican library, [546];
his work as a builder-Pope, [549];
his death-bed counsel to his cardinals, [550], [551].
Nobles, Roman, strongholds of, in Rome, [382];
use made of, by Rienzi, [447], [448];
arrested at Rienzi's banquet, and afterwards discharged, [449];
effect of this treatment upon, [450];
rebellion of the Orsini, [451];
and of the Colonnas, [453]-[456];
their return to the city, [472], [473].
See[Aristocracy].
Paul II. builds the Palazzo Venezia, [559];
Platina's strictures upon, ib., [560];
dismisses the learned men patronised by Pius, [560], [561];
imprisons Platina, [561];
his liberality, [562];
restores ancient monuments, ib.;
his magnificent tastes, ib., [563];
Platina on his private life, [563];
his humours and vanities, [564];
his death, [568].
Paula, [37], [63];
and her family, [22]-[25], [26];
her friendship with Jerome, [49], [69];
her character and position, [65], [66];
how she was attracted to the Marcellan Society, [66];
Jerome's letter to, on Blæsilla's death, [68], [69];
her abandonment of her home and children, [77], [78];
her journey to Jerusalem, [79], [80];
her quarrel with Melania, [81];
travels through Syria, ib.;
builds convents and a hospice, [82], [83];
assists Jerome in the translation of the Scriptures, [83]-[88];
entreats Marcella to join her in Bethlehem, [90], [91].
Pius II., [562], [567];
his early career, [553], [554];
his character, [554];
his writings, [555];
as a builder, [556];
his enthusiasm for the crusade against the Turk, [557], [558].
Plague in Rome, and the processions of penitents, [144]-[146].
Platina, his biased account of Paul II., [559], [560];
protests against Paul's dismissal of the learned men, [560];
imprisoned, [561];
reinstated, [577].
Poor, the destitute, Gregory feeds and cares for, [151].
Populace, Roman, degraded state of, in the 4th century, [4], [5];
all nominally Christian, [57];
their resentment against the monks, [63];
compel Gregory to abandon his mission to Britain, [141], [142];
Gregory feeds the destitute poor, [151];
fight between Papal troops and, [385]-[389];
their reception of Louis of Bavaria, [389]-[391];
reception of Fra Venturino by, [394], [395];
unruliness and recklessness of, [395];
enthusiastic over the crowning of Petrarch, [399], [400];
Rienzi as an ambassador of, to Clement VI., [404]-[409];
give absolute power to Rienzi, [427];
begin to criticise Rienzi, [438];
their conflict with the Colonna, [454]-[457];
resent Rienzi's baptism of his son, [461], [462];
had no active share in Rienzi's downfall, [472];
invite him to reassume the government of the city, [489];
their reception of Rienzi, [494];
their rising against him, [502]-[508].
See[Rome].
Provence, Innocent's missionaries in, [358], [359];
appeal of the forfeited lords of, against de Montfort, [371].
Raphael, [595], [597];
employed by Julius II., [589], [590];
his portrait of Julius, [590];
Pope Leo's patronage of, [598];
Bishop Creighton on his artistic aims, ib.;
had no didactic purposes, ib.
Raymond, Bishop, the Pope's Vicar, [416], [424], [427], [429];
protests against Rienzi's pretensions, [442];
reconciled to Rienzi, [471].
Rienzi, Cola di, his historian, [382], [384];
his parentage, [403], [404];
his love for the ancient writers, [403];
his early life, ib., [404];
sent on a mission to Clement VI., [404];
appointed notary to the City Council of Rome, [405];
success of the mission, [406];
letter announcing his success, ib.;
disgrace and return to favour, [410], [411];
protests against the rapacity of the City Council, [412];
his painted allegories, [413], [415], [419];
attitude of the patricians towards, [416], [419], [423];
his address to the Roman notables, [417], [418];
his power and privileges, [418];
and the secret society, [423], [424];
the conspiracy carried out, [425];
addresses the people on the Capitol, [426];
absolute power given to, by the people, [427];
drives all the nobles out of Rome, [429];
compels the nobles to swear loyalty to the Buono Stato, ib., [430];
his character, [431];
justice and public safety in Rome secured by, [431]-[434];
his braggadocio, [432];
secures the safety of travellers on the roads, ib., [433];
his authority confirmed by the Pope, [434];
his procession to St. Peter's, ib., [435];
his love of magnificence, [435];
Petrarch's letters to, [436];
success of his warlike expeditions, ib., [437];
beginning of his indiscretions, [437], [438];
makes himself a knight, [438];
claims to hold his authority from God and from the people, [440];
friendly messages from European monarchs to, [441];
ceremonials of his knighthood, ib., [442];
the Pope's Vicar protests against his pretensions, [443];
claims universal dominion in the name of the Roman people, ib., [444];
sincerity of his claim, [444], [445];
crowning of, [445], [446];
Fra Guglielmo's grief for, [447];
makes use of the nobles, ib., [448];
gives a banquet to the nobles, [448];
arrests and discharges them, [449];
his expedition against the Orsini, [451];
his meeting with the Pope's legate, [452];
a powerful party organised against, [453];
apprehensive of danger, ib.;
celebrates his victory over the Colonna, [457];
fails to take advantage of his success, [460];
his son's baptism of blood, [461];
his friends begin to desert him, [462];
Petrarch's letter of reproof to, [465];
Petrarch's faith in him shaken, [466];
moderates his magnificence and his arrogance, [470];
sees visions of disaster, [471];
his downfall, [471]-[473];
develops the character of a conspirator, [473], [474];
takes refuge among the Fraticelli, [474], [475];
his correspondence with Charles IV., [476];
handed over to the Pope, ib.;
condemned to death, [477];
how he was saved, ib., [479];
his career and downfall, Petrarch's letter on, [478];
returns with the Pope's legate to Rome, [484], [485];
welcomed in the towns of the Patrimony, [488];
his enterprise assisted by Moreale and his mercenaries, [490];
obtains the countenance of the Pope's legate, ib., [491];
his expedition sets out, [491];
his hopes and aims, [492];
his reception by the Roman populace, [493], [494];
change in his outward man, [494];
his expedition against Stefanello, ib., [495];
his motives for executing Moreale, [496];
imprisons and executes Moreale, [497]-[500];
this act generally approved, [500];
but questioned by his councillors, ib.;
how he raised money to pay the mercenaries, [501];
becomes irresolute, [502];
his final downfall and death, [502]-[509];
estimate of his career, [508], [509].
Roland of Parma presents Henry's letters to Pope Gregory, [257].
Roman society, state of, at the end of the 4th century, [3]et seq.;
irresponsible wealth of the patrician class, [3], [4];
debased state of the populace, [4], [5];
luxurious habits of the nobles, [5], [6];
and of the women, [7];
conjunction of the old and new religions in, [8]-[10];
relations of the Church with, [10]-[12];
Jerome's picture of, quoted, [60], [61];
undermined by the ascetic ideals, [106]-[108].
See[Aristocracy]and[Populace].
Rome, her two conquests of the world, [1], [2];
transitional period in her history, [2];
her position at the end of the 4th century, [3];
believed in the 4th century to be the Scarlet Woman of Revelation, [105];
sacked by the Goths, [108], [109];
successive sieges of, [119], [120];
no patriot aroused to the defence of, [123];
defenceless state of, [138];
distress and pestilence in, [144]-[147], [150], [151];
preserved by Gregory from barbarian attacks, [151];
heartened by Gregory's energy, [159];
Gregory's achievements for, [169], [182];
Gregory accused of destroying ancient buildings in, [176];
state of, in the 11th century, [182], [183];
its outward aspect in the time of Gregory VII., [242], [243];
a portion of, seized by Emperor Henry IV., [293];
Henry withdraws his troops from, [295];
and again occupies the city, [296], [297];
sacked by Guiscard and the Normans, [299];
Innocent III. endeavours to strengthen his hold upon, [322], [323];
her constitution changed by Gregory, [323];
populace of, at enmity with Innocent III., [375];
buildings erected in, by Innocent, [376];
disorderly state of, in the 14th century, [381]-[383];
strongholds of the great nobles in, [382];
fight between Papal troops and the people of, [384]-[386];
reception of Louis of Bavaria in, [389];
as arbiter of the world, [390];
how Fra Venturino was received in, [394], [395];
public safety and justice unknown in, [401], [424], [425];
establishment of the Buono Stato in, [425]-[427];
public safety secured in, by Rienzi, [432], [434];
apprehensions aroused in foreign countries by the revival of, [435], [436];
her claim to universal dominion, [439];
assertion of the claim by Rienzi, [442]-[444];
expedition of the Colonna against, [453]-[457];
dream of a double reign of universal dominion in, [475];
celebration of the Jubilee in, [480], [481];
anarchy in, after Rienzi's fall, [483], [484];
possessed no native art, [516];
external state of, at Pope Martin's entry, [517]-[522];
restoration and adornment of, begun, [522], [523], [525];
restoration and adornment of buildings in, by Nicolas V., [544], [549];
art workshops in, [545], [546];
ancient monuments restored by Paul II., [562];
still disorderly, [569];
King Ferdinand's advice regarding the balconies and tortuous streets, [570];
his suggestion adopted by Sixtus, [571].
See[Borgo].
Rudolf, Duke of Suabia, [233], [290];
elected king, [275];
anxious for the council of arbitration, [281];
his case stated before the Lateran Council, [282];
declared King of Germany by the Pope, [285];
Gregory sends the imperial crown to, [289];
his death, [290].
See[Emperors, the two rival].
Rufinus travels with Melania, [36], [37];
arrives in Rome, [100];
his controversy with Jerome, ib.
St. Paul, the monastery of, Hildebrand's reforms in, [194].
St. Peter, evidence for his presence and execution in Rome, [540].
St. Peter's, the old and the modern church, [539], [541];
additions made to, by Nicolas, [545];
pulled down by Julius II., [583], [584];
architecture of the ancient church, [584];
completion of the present church, [600].
Simony, [188], [224], [230];
crusade of Leo IX. against, [196]-[199];
Hildebrand's hatred of, [211], [232];
condemned by the first Lateran Council, [236];
Gregory VII. a martyr to his hatred of, [303], [304].
Sixtus IV., his pedigree, [569];
his purposes and achievements, ib., [570];
rebuilds the narrow and tortuous streets, [570];
builds a bridge over the Tiber, [571];
reconstructs the hospital Santo Spirito, [572], [573];
his violent temper, [573];
all Rome pervaded by his work, ib., [574];
restores the aqueducts, [574];
painters employed by, for the Sistine chapel, [575];
his varied aims and activities, [575]-[577];
reinstates Platina and his fellow-scholars, [577];
enlarges the Vatican library, ib.;
his taste in art, ib.;
his favourites, [578]-[580].
Soldiers of Fortune, [487];
Rienzi procures the services of, [489];
how he raised money to pay them, [501].
States of the Church, Innocent III. regains possession of, [324], [325];
secured by Julius II., [587];
part of them lost again, [596].
Vatican, its reconstruction begun by Innocent, [376];
enlarged and adorned by the Popes, [544];
additions built to, by Nicolas, [545];
library of, founded by Nicolas, [546];
and enlarged by Sixtus, [577].
Venice, drives a bargain with the Crusaders, [353].
Venturino, Fra, his reception in Rome, [394], [395].
William the Conqueror, his invasion of England sanctioned by Hildebrand, [221], [222].
Women, friendships between religious zealots and, [49], [50];
harshly spoken of by Catholic teachers, [49];
their success in the art of government, [202];
take part in the election of a Pope, [227];
form part of a council called by Gregory VII., [233], [234].
Women, Roman, their artificial life, [7];
influence of the conflicting religions upon their actions, [9], [10];
Jerome's description of different types of, [60]-[62].
See[Marcella, the Society of].