Maxims and Instructions for the Boiler Room / Useful to Engineers, Firemen & Mechanics; Relating to Steam Generators, Pumps, Appliances, Steam Heating, Practical Plumbing, etc.

by N. Hawkins

CONTENTS.

Page
PREFACE		[7]
INTRODUCTION		[9]
MATERIALS		[12]
	Coal	[13]
	Wood	[14]
	Peat	[14]
	Tan	[15]
	Straw	[15]
	Coke, Charcoal, Peat Charcoal	[15]
	Liquid and Gas Fuels	[15]
	Air	[16]
	Table of Evaporation	[18]
	Fire Irons	[19]
	Handy Tools	[21]
	The Tool Box	[22]
THE FIRING OF STEAM BOILERS		[24]
	Directions for Firing with Various Fuels	[28]
	Firing with Coke	[28]
	Firing with Coal Tar	[30]
	Firing with Straw	[31]
	Firing with Oil	[32]
	Firing on an Ocean Steamer	[32]
	Firing of Sawdust and Shavings	[33]
	Firing a Locomotive	[36]
	Firing with Tan Bark	[36]
	Points Relating to Firing	[37]
	Foaming in Boilers	[42]
A CHAPTER OF DON’TS		[44]
STEAM GENERATORS		[48]
	Description	[49]
	An Upright Steam Boiler	[50]
	The Growth of the Steam Boiler	[52]
	Marine Boilers	[60]
	The Surface Condenser	[65]
	Operation of the Condenser	[66]
	Water Tube Steam Boilers	[67]
	Care of Water Tube Boilers	[70]
	Sectional Boilers	[71]
	Locomotive Boilers	[72]
	Standard Horizontal Tubular Steam Boiler	[79]
	Parts of the Tubular Boiler	[81]
	The Triple Draught Tubular Boiler	[83]
SPECIFICATION FOR 125 HORSE POWER BOILER		[85]
	Type	[85]
	Dimensions	[85]
	Quality and Thickness of Steel Plates	[85]
	Flanges	[85]
	Riveting	[86]
	Braces	[86]
	Manholes, Hand Holes and Thimbles	[86]
	Lugs	[86]
	Castings	[86]
	Testing	[87]
	Quality and Workmanship	[87]
	Fittings and Mountings	[87]
	Drawings	[87]
	Duty of Boiler	[87]
MARKS ON BOILER PLATES		[88]
CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS		[89]
	Quality of Steel Plates	[90]
	Nickel Steel Boiler Plates	[91]
	Riveting	[91]
	Bracing of Steam Boilers	[96]
	Rule for Finding Pressure or Strain on Bolts	[99]
	Gusset Stays	[100]
	Riveted or Screw Stays	[101]
	Inspector’s Rules Relating to Braces in Steam Boilers	[102]
	Rules and Tables	[105]
	Boiler Tubes	[110]
	Portions of the Marine Boiler which become Thin by Wear	[112]
EXAMPLES OF CONSTRUCTION AND DRAWING		[113]
	Rule for Safe Internal Pressure	[117]
DEFINITION OF TERMS		[121]
	Tensile strength	[121]
	Contraction of area	[121]
	Elongation	[121]
	Shearing strength	[121]
	Elastic limit	[121]
	Tough	[121]
	Ductile	[121]
	Elasticity	[122]
	Fatigued	[122]
	Malleable	[122]
	Weldable	[122]
	Cold-short	[122]
	Hot-short	[122]
	Homogeneous	[122]
BOILER REPAIRS		[123]
	Repairing Cracks	[123]
	Defects and Necessary Repairs	[124]
	Questions by the Proprietor to the Engineer in Charge, Relating to Condition of the Boiler	[127]
	Questions asked of a Candidate For a Marine License Relating to Defects in Boiler	[127]
THE INSPECTION OF STEAM BOILERS		[129]
	How to prepare for Steam Boiler Inspection	[130]
	Issuing Certificates	[131]
	The Hydraulic Test	[131]
ENGINEERS’ EXAMINATIONS		[133]
MECHANICAL STOKERS		[134]
CHEMICAL TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS RELATING TO FEED WATERS		[136]
	Chemistry	[136]
	Element	[136]
	Re-agent	[136]
	Oxide	[136]
	Carbonate	[136]
	Acid	[137]
	Alkalies	[137]
	Chloride	[137]
	Sulphates	[137]
	Silica	[137]
	Magnesia	[138]
	Carbonate of Magnesia	[138]
	Lime	[138]
	Soda	[138]
	Sodium	[138]
	Salt	[139]
ANALYSIS OF FEED WATER		[140]
	Directions	[140]
	FROM ARGOS, IND.	[140]
	FROM SIOUX FALLS, S. D.	[140]
	FROM LITCHFIELD, ILL.	[141]
	FROM CHELSEA, MASS.	[141]
	FROM MEMPHIS, TENN.	[141]
	FROM PEKIN, ILL.	[141]
	FROM TIFFIN, OHIO	[141]
CORROSION AND INCRUSTATION OF STEAM BOILERS		[142]
	Preliminary Precipitation of Water	[144]
	A precipitator for Sea Water	[145]
	Scale Deposited in Marine Boilers	[146]
	A locomotive-Boiler Compound	[149]
	“Points” Relating to the Scaling of Steam Boilers	[149]
ENGINEERS’ TESTS FOR IMPURITIES IN FEED WATER		[153]
	Use of Petroleum Oil in Boilers	[155]
	Kerosene Oil in Boilers	[156]
	Mechanical Boiler Cleaners	[159]
	Scumming Apparatus	[161]
	Use of Zinc in Marine Boilers	[162]
BOILER FIXTURES AND BELONGINGS		[164]
	Boiler Fronts	[165]
	Furnace Doors	[168]
	Fusible Plugs	[171]
	Grate Bars	[173]
	Water Gauge Cocks	[176]
	Glass Gauges	[177]
	The Mud Drum	[179]
	Baffle Plates	[180]
	Dead Plate	[180]
	Steam Whistles	[180]
	The Steam Gauge	[181]
	Steam Separator	[183]
	Sentinel Valve	[184]
	Damper Regulators	[185]
	Fuel Economizer and Feed Water Purifier	[185]
	Safety Valves	[187]
	U. S. Rules Relating to Safety Valves	[189]
	Feed Water Heaters	[196]
	Capacity of Cisterns	[202]
	Water Meters	[203]
	“Points” Relating to Water Meters	[204]
	The Steam Boiler Injector	[206]
	“Points” Relating to the Injector	[209]
LAWS OF HEAT		[212]
THE STEAM PUMP		[215]
	Classification of Pumps	[217]
	Points Relating to Pumps	[219]
	Calculations Relating to Pumps	[222]
IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES RELATING TO WATER		[224]
STORING AND HANDLING OF COAL		[225]
CHEMISTRY OF THE FURNACE		[226]
	Oxygen	[229]
	Carbon	[229]
	Hydrogen	[230]
	Nitrogen	[230]
	Sulphur	[230]
	Carbonic Acid Gas	[230]
	Carbonic Oxide	[231]
	Table	[231]
HEATPROOF AND ORNAMENTAL PAINTS		[232]
PRESSURE RECORDING GAUGE		[233]
HORSE POWER AS APPLIED TO BOILERS		[234]
	Rule For Estimating Horse Power of Horizontal Tubular Steam Boilers	[235]
BOILER SETTING		[236]
	Setting of Water Tube Boilers	[239]
	Points Relating to Boiler Setting	[239]
KINDLING A FURNACE FIRE		[241]
	Sawdust Furnace	[242]
PIPES AND PIPING		[244]
	Joints of Pipes and Fittings	[248]
STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING		[251]
	Points Relating to Steam Heating	[254]
	Ventilation	[265]
	Heating by Exhaust Steam	[267]
	Care of Steam Fittings	[268]
	Tools used in Steam Fitting	[269]
	Cocks	[270]
	Valves	[271]
	Steam Fittings	[274]
	Steam Pipe and Boiler Coverings	[275]
	Linear Expansion of Steam Pipes	[276]
	The Steam Loop	[278]
BOILER MAKERS’ TOOLS AND MACHINERY		[281]
STEAM		[282]
WATER HAMMER		[283]
HAZARDS OF THE BOILER ROOM		[285]
	Fuel Oil	[289]
WATER CIRCULATION		[294]
CHIMNEYS AND DRAUGHT		[296]
PLUMBING		[298]
	Piping and Drainage	[299]
	Lead Pipe Joints	[300]
	Repairing Pipes with Putty Joints	[303]
	Bending Lead Pipe	[304]
	Plumber’s Solder	[305]
	Plumber’s Tools	[306]
USEFUL TABLES OF WEIGHTS OF IRON AND COMPARISONS OF GAUGES		[309]
NOISELESS WATER HEATER		[312]
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES		[313]
	Burns and Scalds	[313]
	Glue Burn Mixture	[315]
	Insensibility from Smoke	[315]
	Heat-stroke or Sun-stroke	[316]
	Cuts and Wounds	[316]
	Bleeding	[317]
	Frost Bite	[318]
	Broken Bones	[318]
	Poultices	[319]
	How to Carry an Injured Person	[319]
PERSONAL		[320]
INDEX		[321]
ADVERTISMENTS		[333]

OLIVER EVANS.GEORGE STEPHENSON.ROBERT FULTON.

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