Transcriber’s Note:

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

PUMPS
AND
HYDRAULICS.
IN TWO PARTS.
Part One.

“There are many fingers pointing to the value of a training in science, as the one thing needful to make the man, who shall rise above his fellows.”—Frank Allen.

“The motto marked upon our foreheads, written upon our door-posts, channeled in the earth, and wafted upon the waves is and must be, ‘Labour is honorable and Idleness is dishonorable.’”—Carlyle.

This work is respectfully dedicated to
Maj. ABRAM B. GARNER,
of Newark, N. J.,
—AND—
ALBERTO H. CAFFEE, Esq.,
of New York City.
‘Gentlemen without fear and without reproach.’

“Thought is the principal factor in all mechanical work; the mechanical effort is an incident rather than the principal equipment in any trade or occupation.”

“Any trade is easily learned by an apt scholar who uses his reasoning faculties and makes a study of cause and effect.”—CHAS. J. MASON.

PUMPS
—AND—
HYDRAULICS

—BY—
WILLIAM ROGERS

Author of “Drawing and Design,” etc.

RELATING TO

HAND PUMPS; POWER PUMPS; PARTS OF PUMPS; ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS; STEAM PUMPS, SINGLE, DUPLEX AND COMPOUND; PUMPING ENGINES, HIGH DUTY AND TRIPLE EXPANSION; THE STEAM FIRE ENGINE; UNDERWRITERS’ PUMPS; MINING PUMPS; AIR AND VACUUM PUMPS; COMPRESSORS; CENTRIFUGAL AND ROTARY PUMPS; THE PULSOMETER; JET PUMPS AND THE INJECTOR; UTILITIES AND ACCESSORIES; VALVE SETTING; MANAGEMENT; CALCULATIONS, RULES AND TABLES.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.

ALSO

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS; GLOSSARY OF PUMP TERMS; HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS; THE ELEMENTS OF HYDRO-MECHANICS, HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS; GRAVITY AND FRICTION; HYDRAULIC MEMORANDA; LAWS GOVERNING FLUIDS; WATER PRESSURE MACHINES; PUMPS AS HYDRAULIC MACHINES, ETC.

PART ONE.

PUBLISHED BY
THEO. AUDEL & COMPANY
72 FIFTH AVE.,
NEW YORK, U.S.A.
7, IMPERIAL ARCADE,
LUDGATE CIRCUS, E.C.,
LONDON, ENG.

Copyrighted, 1905, by
THEO. AUDEL & CO., NEW YORK.
Entered at Stationers Hall, London, England.

Protected by International Copyright in Great Britain and all
her Colonies, and, under the provisions of the
Berne Convention, in

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Tunis,
Hayti, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montinegro
and Norway.

Printed in the United States.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part ONE.

The divisions of Part One are represented by the following headings: each subject is fully treated and illustrated on the pages shown:

PAGES
Introductory Considerations[1-16]
Glossary of Pump and Hydraulic Terms[17-34]
Historical Introduction[35-70]
Elementary Hydraulics[70-104]
Flow of Water Under Pressure[105-116]
Water Pressure Machines[117-154]
Water Wheels[119-125]
Turbine Water Wheels[126-135], [141-144]
Turbine Pumps[136-139]
Water Pressure Engines[145-147]
Hydraulic Motors[147-154]
Hydraulic Apparatus[155-184]
Hydraulic Jack[159-168]
Hydraulic Press[169-170]
Hydraulic Accumulator[171-173]
Hydraulic Ram[175-180]
Pumps as Hydraulic Apparatus[181-184]
Classification of Pumps[185-345]
Hand Pumps[189-204]
Power Pumps[205-224]
Belted Pumps[225-240]
The Electric Pump[241-276]
The Steam Pump[227-330]
The Duplex Pump[331-343]
Underwriter Fire Pumps[344]
Specifications of the National Board of Fire Underwriters Relating to the Duplex Fire Pumps[347-398]
Ready Reference [Index to Part One]

“Among the first things a practical engineer should know, and among the last things he will, after becoming such, forget, is that in handling water within pipes he has a fluid which, while it is flexible to the greatest extent and is susceptible of the influence of power, or force, of greater or less intensity, and while it may be drawn from below and raised to the heights above, can be turned to the right or to the left at will, and while, with a seeming docility which is as flattering as it is deceptive, it bends itself to the will of the engineer, still there are some things it will not do, and which all the complicated appliances of the engineer have as yet failed to compel it to do. When inclosed within chambers and pipes, to an extent that fills them, it will not permit the introduction of an added atom without bursting its bounds. While inclosed within long lines of pipes it will not suddenly start into motion, or when in motion suddenly come to a rest, without shocks or strains more or less disastrous; and so, while it seems to be handled with the greatest ease, it is only in the manner it chooses to go, and all mechanical appliances not designed with reference to following these imperative laws are sure to meet trouble, if not disaster. In other words, when an unyielding force meets an unyielding resistance, their coming together means a shock to all about.”

INTRODUCTORY
CONSIDERATIONS

“Whenever a full mind meets an empty one, it is a call to teach, not to scoff.”—Anon.

Orifices of Pipes, etc., Symbolical of Irrigation.

“He who sedulously attends, pointedly asks, calmly speaks, coolly answers and ceases when he has no more to say, is in possession of some of the best requisites of man.”—Levater.