Pumps and Hydraulics, Part 2 (of 2)

by N. Hawkins

TABLES AND DATA.

Miner’s Inch Measurement. The term miner’s inch is of California origin, and not known or used in any other locality, it being a method of measurement adopted by the various ditch companies in disposing of water to their customers. The term is more or less indefinite for the reason that the water companies do not all use the same head above the center of the aperture, and the inch varies from 1.36 to 1.73 cubic feet per minute each, but the most common measurement is through an aperture 2 inches high and whatever length is required, and through a plank 1¹⁄₄ inches thick, as shown in the engraving, Fig. [675]. The lower edge of the aperture should be 2 inches above the bottom of the measuring box, and the plank 5 inches high above the aperture, thus making a 6-inch head above the center of the stream. Each square inch of this opening represents a miner’s inch, which is equal to a flow of 1¹⁄₂ cubic feet per minute. Time is not to be considered in any calculation based upon a miner’s inch measurement.

Explanation of Weir Dam Measurement. Place a board or plank edgewise across the stream to be measured as illustrated in Fig. [676].

This plank will be supported by posts sufficiently strong to resist the pressure likely to be brought upon it by the head of water which will form in the pond above this temporary dam, saw out a gap in the top of the dam whose length should be from two to four times its depth for small quantities of water and longer for larger quantities. The edges of this gap should be beveled toward the intake as represented. The over-fall below the bottom of gap should be not less than twice its depth, that is, twelve inches if the gap is six inches deep, etc.

Drive a stake above the dam at a distance of about six feet from the face of the plank and then obstruct the water until it rises precisely to the bottom of the gap and mark the water level on the stake. Complete the dam so that all the water will be compelled to flow through the gap and when the stream has assumed a regular flow mark the stake at this new level.

Some would prefer to drive the stake with its top precisely level with the bottom edge of gap in dam so that the depth of water in stream may be measured with a rule or steel square placed upon top of this stake at any time after the flow of water has reached its average depth over dam. However the marks upon the stake are preferred by most experts. After the stake has been marked it may be withdrawn and the distance between the first and last marks gives the theoretical flow according to the table, page 391.

Fig. 676.

Measurement in an open stream by velocity and cross section. Measure the depth of the water at from 6 to 12 places across the stream at equal distances apart. Add together all the depths in feet and divide by the number of measurements made; this will be the average depth of the stream, which, multiplied by its width, will give its area or cross section. Multiply this by the velocity of the stream in feet per minute which gives the cubic feet per minute of the stream.

Cubic Feet of water per minute that will flow over a Weir one-inch wide and from ¹⁄₈ to 20⁷⁄₈-inches deep.

INCHES		1⁄8	1⁄4	3⁄8	1⁄2	5⁄8	3⁄4	7⁄8
0	.00	.01	.05	.09	.14	.19	.26	.32
1	.40	.47	.55	.64	.73	.82	.92	1.02
2	1.13	1.23	1.35	1.46	1.58	1.70	1.82	1.95
3	2.07	2.21	2.34	2.48	2.61	2.76	2.90	3.05
4	3.20	3.35	3.50	3.66	3.81	3.97	4.14	4.30
5	4.47	4.64	4.81	4.98	5.15	5.33	5.51	5.69
6	5.87	6.06	6.25	6.44	6.62	6.82	7.01	7.21
7	7.40	7.60	7.80	8.01	8.21	8.42	8.63	8.83
8	9.05	9.26	9.47	9.69	9.91	10.13	10.35	10.57
9	10.80	11.02	11.25	11.48	11.71	11.94	12.17	12.41
10	12.64	12.88	13.12	13.36	13.60	13.85	14.09	14.34
11	14.59	14.84	15.09	15.34	15.59	15.85	16.11	16.36
12	16.62	16.88	17.15	17.41	17.67	17.94	18.21	18.47
13	18.74	19.01	19.29	19.56	19.84	20.11	20.39	20.67
14	20.95	21.23	21.51	21.80	22.08	22.37	22.65	22.94
15	23.23	23.52	23.82	24.11	24.40	24.70	25.00	25.30
16	25.60	25.90	26.20	26.50	26.80	27.11	27.42	27.72
17	28.03	28.34	28.65	28.97	29.28	29.59	29.91	30.22
18	30.54	30.86	31.18	31.50	31.82	32.15	32.47	32.80
19	33.12	33.45	33.78	34.11	34.44	34.77	35.10	35.44
20	35.77	36.11	36.45	36.78	37.12	37.46	37.80	38.15

Example showing the application of the above table

Suppose the Weir to be 66 inches long, and the depth of water on it to be 11⁵⁄₈ inches. Follow down the left hand column of the figures in the table until you come to 11 inches. Then run across the table on a line with the 11 until under ⁵⁄₈ on top line you will find 15.85. This multiplied by 66, the length of Weir, gives 1046.10, the number of cubic feet of water passing per minute.

FRICTION-LOSS IN POUNDS PRESSURE, FOR EACH 100 FEET OF LENGTH IN DIFFERENT SIZE CLEAN IRON PIPES DISCHARGING GIVEN QUANTITIES OF WATER PER MINUTE. ALSO VELOCITY OF FLOW IN PIPE, IN FEET PER SECOND.

G. A. Ellis, C. E.

Gallons discharged per minute.	1⁄2 Inch.		3⁄4 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
5	8.17	24.6	3.63	3.3
10	16.3	96.0	7.25	13.0
15	. . .	. . .	10.9	28.7
20	. . .	. . .	14.5	50.4
25	. . .	. . .	18.1	78.0
Gallons discharged per minute.	1 Inch.		11⁄4 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
5	2.04	0.84	1.31	0.31
10	4.08	3.16	2.61	1.05
15	6.13	6.98	3.92	2.38
20	8.17	12.3	5.22	4.07
25	10.2	19.0	6.53	6.40
30	12.3	27.5	7.84	9.15
35	14.3	37.0	9.14	12.04
40	16.3	48.0	10.4	16.1
45	. . .	. . .	11.7	20.2
50	. . .	. . .	13.1	24.9
75	. . .	. . .	19.6	56.1
Gallons discharged per minute.	11⁄2 Inch.		2 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
5	0.91	0.12	. . .	. . .
10	1.82	0.47	1.02	0.12
15	2.73	0.97	. . .	. . .
20	3.63	1.66	2.04	0.42
25	4.54	2.62	. . .	. . .
30	5.45	3.75	3.06	0.91
35	6.36	5.05	. . .	. . .
40	7.26	6.52	4.09	1.60
45	8.17	8.15	. . .	. . .
50	9.08	10.0	5.11	2.44
75	13.6	22.4	7.66	5.32
100	18.2	39.0	10.2	9.46
125	. . .	. . .	12.8	14.9
150	. . .	. . .	15.3	21.2
175	. . .	. . .	17.1	28.1
200	. . .	. . .	20.4	37.5
Gallons discharged per minute.	21⁄2 Inch.		3 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
25	1.63	0.21	1.13	0.10
50	3.26	0.81	2.27	0.35
75	4.90	1.80	3.40	0.74
100	6.53	3.20	4.54	1.31
125	8.16	4.89	5.67	1.99
150	9.80	7.00	6.81	2.85
175	11.4	9.46	7.94	3.85
200	13.1	12.47	9.08	5.02
250	16.3	19.66	11.3	7.76
300	19.6	28.06	13.6	11.2
350	. . .	. . .	15.9	15.2
400	. . .	. . .	18.2	19.5
450	. . .	. . .	20.4	25.0
500	. . .	. . .	22.7	30.8
Gallons discharged per minute.	4 Inch.		6 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
50	1.28	0.09	. . .	. . .
75	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
100	2.55	0.33	1.13	0.05
150	3.83	0.69	1.70	0.10
200	5.11	1.22	2.27	0.17
250	6.39	1.89	2.84	0.26
300	7.66	2.66	3.40	0.37
350	8.94	3.65	3.97	0.50
400	10.2	4.73	4.54	0.65
450	11.5	6.01	5.11	0.81
500	12.8	7.43	5.67	0.96

Note.—The quantity of a fluid discharged through a pipe or an orifice is increased by heating the liquid: because heat diminishes the cohesion of the particles, which exists to a certain degree, in all liquids.

FRICTION LOSS IN POUNDS PRESSURE, FOR EACH 100 FEET OF LENGTH IN DIFFERENT SIZE CLEAN IRON PIPES DISCHARGING GIVEN QUANTITIES OF WATER PER MINUTE. ALSO VELOCITY OF FLOW IN PIPE, IN FEET PER SECOND.

G. A. Ellis, C. E.

Gallons discharged per minute.	6 Inch.		8 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
250	2.84	0.26	1.59	0.07
500	5.67	0.98	3.19	0.25
750	8.51	2.21	4.79	0.53
1,000	11.3	3.88	6.38	0.94
1,250	. . . .	. . . .	7.97	1.46
1,500	. . . .	. . . .	9.57	2.09
Gallons discharged per minute.	10 Inch.		12 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
250	1.02	0.03	0.71	0.01
500	2.04	0.09	1.42	0.04
750	3.06	0.18	2.13	0.08
1,000	4.08	0.32	2.84	0.13
1,250	5.10	0.49	3.55	0.20
1,500	6.12	0.70	4.26	0.29
1,750	7.15	0.95	4.96	0.38
2,000	8.17	1.23	5.67	0.49
2,250	. . . .	. . . .	6.38	0.63
2,500	. . . .	. . . .	7.09	0.77
3,000	. . . .	. . . .	8.51	1.11
Gallons discharged per minute.	14 Inch.		16 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
500	1.04	0.017	0.80	0.009
1,000	2.08	0.062	1.60	0.036
1,500	3.13	0.135	2.39	0.071
2,000	4.17	0.234	3.19	0.123
2,500	5.21	0.362	3.99	0.188
3,000	6.25	0.515	4.79	0.267
3,500	7.29	0.697	5.59	0.365
4,000	8.34	0.910	6.38	0.472
4,500	. . . .	. . . .	7.18	0.593
5,000	. . . .	. . . .	7.98	0.730
Gallons discharged per minute.	18 Inch.		20 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
500	0.63	0.005	. . . .	. . . .
1,000	1.26	0.020	1.02	0.012
1,500	1.89	0.040	. . . .	. . . .
2,000	2.52	0.071	2.04	0.042
2,500	3.15	0.107	. . . .	. . . .
3,000	3.78	0.150	3.06	0.091
3,500	4.41	0.204	. . . .	. . . .
4,000	5.04	0.263	4.08	0.158
4,500	5.67	0.333	. . . .	. . . .
5,000	6.30	0.408	5.11	0.244
6,000	7.56	0.585	6.13	0.348
7,000	. . . .	. . . .	7.15	0.472
8,000	. . . .	. . . .	8.17	0.612
Gallons discharged per minute.	24 Inch.		30 Inch.
	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.	Veloc. in Pipe per second.	Friction Loss in pounds.
1,000	0.72	0.005	0.45	0.002
2,000	1.44	0.020	0.91	0.006
3,000	2.16	0.047	1.36	0.012
4,000	2.88	0.067	1.82	0.022
5,000	4.60	0.102	2.27	0.035
6,000	4.32	0.146	2.72	0.048
7,000	5.04	0.196	3.18	0.065
8,000	5.76	0.255	3.63	0.083
9,000	6.47	0.323	4.08	0.105
10,000	7.19	0.398	4.54	0.131

Note.—The velocity with which a liquid issues from an infinitely small orifice in the bottom or sides of a vessel that is kept full is equal to that which a heavy body would acquire by falling from the surface level to the level of the orifice.

TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, condensed from elaborate tables prepared by Messrs. Geo. A. Ellis and A. H. Howland, Civil Engineers, Boston, Mass.

U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	4-Inch Pipe.			6-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds		Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.64	.59	.26	.28	.11	.05
50	72000	1.28	2.01	.87	.57	.32	.14
100	144000	2.55	7.36	3.19	1.13	1.08	.47
150	216000	3.83	16.05	6.95	1.70	2.28	.99
200	288000	5.11	28.09	12.17	2.27	3.92	1.70
250	360000	6.37	43.47	18.83	2.84	6.00	2.60
300	432000	7.66	62.20	26.94	3.40	8.52	3.69
350	504000	8.94	84.26	36.50	3.97	11.48	4.97
400	576000	10.21	109.68	47.50	4.54	14.89	6.45
450	648000	11.49	138.43	59.96	5.11	18.73	8.11
500	720000	12.77	170.53	73.87	5.67	23.01	9.97
600	864000	15.32	244.76	106.02	6.81	32.89	14.25
700	1008000	17.87	332.36	143.98	7.94	44.54	19.08
800	1152000	. . .	. . .	. . .	9.08	57.95	25.10
900	1290000	. . .	. . .	. . .	10.21	73.12	31.67
1000	1440000	. . .	. . .	. . .	11.35	90.05	38.99
1200	1728000	. . .	. . .	. . .	13.61	129.20	55.96
1400	2016000	. . .	. . .	. . .	15.88	175.38	75.97
1600	2304000	. . .	. . .	. . .	18.15	228.62	99.0
1800	2592000	. . .	. . .	. . .	20.42	288.90	125.14
2000	2880000	. . .	. . .	. . .	22.69	356.22	154.30
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	8-Inch Pipe.			10-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds		Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.16	.04	.02	.10	.02	.01
50	72000	.32	.10	.04	.20	.04	.02
100	144000	.64	.29	.13	.41	.11	.05
150	216000	.96	.60	.26	.61	.22	.10
200	288000	1.28	1.01	.44	.82	.36	.16
250	360000	1.60	1.52	.66	1.02	.54	.23
300	432000	1.91	2.13	.92	1.23	.75	.32
350	504000	2.23	2.85	1.24	1.43	.99	.43
400	576000	2.55	3.68	1.59	1.63	1.27	.55
450	648000	2.87	4.61	2.00	1.83	1.58	.69
500	720000	3.19	5.64	2.44	2.04	1.93	.84
600	864000	3.83	8.03	3.48	2.45	2.72	1.18
700	1008000	4.47	10.83	4.69	2.86	3.66	1.58
800	1152000	5.09	14.05	6.08	3.27	4.73	2.05
900	1290000	5.74	17.68	7.69	3.68	5.93	2.57
1000	1440000	6.38	21.74	9.41	4.08	7.28	3.15
1200	1728000	7.66	31.10	13.47	4.90	10.38	4.50
1400	2016000	8.94	42.13	18.25	5.72	14.02	6.07
1600	2304000	10.21	54.84	23.75	6.53	18.22	7.89
1800	2592000	11.47	69.22	29.98	7.35	22.96	9.95
2000	2880000	12.77	85.27	36.93	8.17	28.25	12.34
2500	3600000	15.96	132.70	57.49	10.21	43.87	19.00
3000	4320000	. . .	. . .	. . .	12.25	62.92	27.25
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	12-Inch Pipe.			14-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds		Feet.	Pounds
25	36000	.07	.01	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
50	72000	.14	.02	.01	.10	.01	. . .
100	144000	.28	.05	.02	.21	.03	.01
150	216000	.43	.10	.04	.31	.05	.02
200	288000	.57	.16	.07	.42	.08	.04
250	360000	.71	.24	.10	.52	.12	.05
300	432000	.85	.32	.14	.63	.16	.07
350	504000	.99	.43	.18	.73	.21	.09
400	576000	1.13	.54	.23	.83	.27	.12
450	648000	1.28	.67	.29	.94	.33	.14
500	720000	1.42	.81	.35	1.04	.40	.17
600	864000	1.70	1.14	.49	1.25	.55	.24
700	1008000	1.98	1.52	.66	1.46	.73	.32
800	1152000	2.27	1.96	.85	1.67	.94	.41
900	1290000	2.55	2.45	1.06	1.88	1.17	.51
1000	1440000	2.84	3.00	1.30	2.08	1.43	.62
1200	1728000	3.40	4.26	1.85	2.50	2.02	.88
1400	2016000	3.97	5.74	2.49	2.91	2.72	1.18
1600	2304000	4.54	7.44	3.22	3.33	3.51	1.52
1800	2592000	5.11	9.36	4.06	3.75	4.41	1.91
2000	2880000	5.67	11.50	5.00	4.17	5.41	2.34
2500	3600000	7.09	17.82	7.72	5.21	8.35	3.62
3000	4320000	8.51	25.51	11.05	6.25	11.93	5.17
3500	5040000	9.93	34.58	14.98	7.29	16.14	6.99
4000	5760000	. . .	. . .	. . .	8.34	21.00	9.10
4500	6480000	. . .	. . .	. . .	9.38	26.49	11.47

Note.—There seems to be no form of water pipe so perfect as to make it fit for use in any and all cases and open to no improvement, but, in the present state of knowledge, tarred cast iron seems to come the nearest to this desideratum.

TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, condensed from elaborate tables prepared by Messrs. Geo. A. Ellis and A. H. Howland, Civil Engineers, Boston, Mass.

U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	16-Inch Pipe.			18-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds.		Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.80	.22	.09	.63	.13	.06
1000	1440000	1.60	.76	.34	1.26	.44	.19
1500	2160000	2.39	1.63	.71	1.89	.93	.40
2000	2880000	3.19	2.82	1.22	2.52	1.60	.69
2500	3600000	3.99	4.34	1.88	3.15	2.45	1.06
3000	4320000	4.79	6.19	2.68	3.78	3.48	1.51
3500	5040000	5.59	8.37	3.63	4.41	4.70	2.03
4000	5760000	6.38	10.87	4.71	5.04	6.09	2.64
4500	6480000	7.18	13.70	5.93	5.67	7.67	3.32
5000	7200000	7.98	16.85	7.30	6.30	9.43	4.08
5500	7920000	8.78	20.33	8.71	6.93	11.38	4.92
6000	8640000	. . .	. . .	. . .	7.57	13.49	5.84
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	20-Inch Pipe.			24-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds.		Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.51	.08	.04	.35	.04	.02
1000	1440000	1.02	.27	.12	.71	.12	.05
1500	2160000	1.53	.56	.24	1.06	.24	.10
2000	2880000	2.04	.96	.42	1.42	.41	.18
2500	3600000	2.55	1.47	.64	1.77	.62	.27
3000	4320000	3.06	2.09	.90	2.13	.87	.38
3500	5040000	3.57	2.81	1.22	2.48	1.16	.50
4000	5760000	4.08	3.64	1.58	2.84	1.50	.65
4500	6480000	4.59	4.58	1.98	3.19	1.88	.82
5000	7200000	5.11	5.62	2.43	3.55	2.31	1.00
5500	7920000	5.62	6.77	2.93	3.90	2.77	1.20
6000	8640000	6.13	8.03	3.48	4.26	3.28	1.42
7000	10080000	7.15	10.86	4.71	4.96	4.43	1.92
8000	11520000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.67	5.75	2.49
9000	12960000	. . .	. . .	. . .	6.38	7.25	3.14
U. S. gallons discharged per minute.	U. S. gallons discharged per twenty-four hours.	30-Inch Pipe.			36-Inch Pipe.
		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.		Velocity in Feet.	Friction Head.
			Feet.	Pounds.		Feet.	Pounds.
500	720000	.23	.01	.00	.16	.01	.00
1000	1440000	.45	.04	.02	.32	.02	.01
1500	2160000	.68	.09	.04	.47	.04	.02
2000	2880000	.91	.15	.06	.63	.06	.03
2500	3600000	1.13	.22	.09	.79	.09	.04
3000	4320000	1.36	.30	.13	.95	.13	.06
3500	5040000	1.59	.40	.17	1.10	.17	.07
4000	5760000	1.82	.52	.22	1.26	.22	.09
4500	6480000	2.04	.64	.28	1.42	.27	.12
5000	7200000	2.27	.78	.34	1.58	.33	.14
5500	7920000	2.50	.94	.41	1.73	.39	.17
6000	8640000	2.72	1.11	.48	1.89	.46	.20
7000	10080000	3.18	1.49	.65	2.21	.62	.27
8000	11520000	3.63	1.93	.84	2.52	.80	.35
9000	12960000	4.08	2.43	1.05	2.84	1.00	.43
10000	14400000	4.54	2.98	1.29	3.15	1.23	.53
11000	15840000	5.00	3.59	1.55	3.46	1.47	.64
12000	17280000	5.44	4.25	1.84	3.78	1.74	.75
13000	18720000	5.90	4.97	2.15	4.09	2.03	.88
14000	20160000	6.36	5.75	2.49	4.41	2.35	1.02
15000	21600000	6.80	6.58	2.85	4.73	2.69	1.17
16000	23040000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.05	3.46	1.32
17000	24480000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.36	3.43	1.49
18000	25920000	. . .	. . .	. . .	5.68	3.83	1.66
20000	28800000	. . . .	. . . .	. . . .	6.30	4.71	2.04

Note.—A pressure of one lb. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 2.3093 feet or 27.71 inches high at 62° F.; and a pressure of one atmosphere, or 14.7 lbs. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 33.947 feet high, or 10.347 meters at 62° F.

Table.

The pressure of water in pounds per square inch for every ft. in height to 300 feet and then by intervals to 1,000 feet head. By this table, from the pounds pressure per square inch, the feet head is readily obtained and vice versa.

Feet Head.	Pressure per sq. in.
1	0.43
2	0.86
3	1.30
4	1.73
5	2.16
6	2.59
7	3.03
8	3.46
9	3.89
10	4.33
11	4.76
12	5.20
13	5.63
14	6.06
15	6.49
16	6.93
17	7.36
18	7.79
19	8.22
20	8.66
21	9.09
22	9.53
23	9.96
24	10.39
25	10.82
26	11.26
27	11.69
28	12.12
29	12.55
30	12.99
31	13.42
32	13.86
33	14.29
34	14.72
35	15.16
36	15.59
37	16.02
38	16.45
39	16.89
40	17.32
41	17.75
42	18.19
43	18.62
44	19.05
45	19.49
46	19.92
47	20.35
48	20.79
49	21.22
50	21.65
51	22.09
52	22.52
53	22.95
54	23.39
55	23.82
56	24.26
57	24.69
58	25.12
59	25.55
60	25.99
61	26.42
62	26.85
63	27.29
64	27.72
65	28.15
66	28.58
67	29.02
68	29.45
69	29.88
70	30.32
71	30.75
72	31.18
73	31.62
74	32.05
75	32.48
76	32.92
77	33.35
78	33.78
79	34.21
80	34.65
81	35.08
82	35.52
83	35.95
84	36.39
85	36.82
86	37.25
87	37.68
88	38.12
89	38.53
90	38.98
91	39.42
92	39.85
93	40.28
94	40.72
95	41.15
96	41.58
97	42.01
98	42.45
99	42.88
100	43.31
101	43.75
102	44.18
103	44.61
104	45.05
105	45.48
106	45.91
107	46.34
108	46.78
109	47.21
110	47.64
111	48.08
112	48.51
113	48.94
114	49.38
115	49.81
116	50.24
117	50.68
118	51.11
119	51.54
120	51.98
121	52.41
122	52.84
123	53.28
124	53.71
125	54.15
126	54.58
127	55.01
128	55.44
129	55.88
130	56.31
131	56.74
132	57.18
133	57.61
134	58.04
135	58.48
136	58.91
137	59.34
138	59.77
139	60.21
140	60.64
141	61.07
142	61.51
143	61.94
144	62.37
145	62.81
146	63.24
147	63.67
148	64.10
149	64.54
150	64.97
151	65.40
152	65.84
153	66.27
154	66.70
155	67.14
156	67.57
157	68.00
158	68.43
159	68.87
160	69.31
161	69.74
162	70.17
163	70.61
164	71.04
165	71.47
166	71.91
167	72.34
168	72.77
169	73.29
170	73.64
171	74.07
172	74.50
173	74.94
174	75.37
175	75.80
176	76.23
177	76.67
178	77.10
179	77.53
180	77.97
181	78.40
182	78.84
183	79.27
184	79.70
185	80.14
186	80.57
187	81.00
188	81.43
189	81.87
190	82.30
191	82.73
192	83.17
193	83.60
194	84.03
195	84.47
196	84.90
197	85.33
198	85.76
199	86.20
200	86.63
201	87.07
202	87.50
203	87.93
204	88.36
205	88.80
206	89.21
207	89.66
208	90.10
209	90.53
210	90.96
211	91.39
212	91.83
213	92.26
214	92.69
215	93.13
216	93.56
217	93.99
218	94.43
219	94.86
220	95.30
221	95.73
222	96.16
223	96.60
224	97.03
225	97.46
226	97.90
227	98.33
228	98.76
229	99.20
230	99.63
231	100.00
232	100.49
233	100.93
234	101.36
235	101.79
236	102.23
237	102.66
238	103.09
239	103.53
240	103.96
241	104.39
242	104.83
243	105.26
244	105.69
245	106.13
246	106.56
247	106.99
248	107.43
249	107.86
250	108.29
251	108.73
252	109.15
253	109.59
254	110.03
255	110.46
256	110.89
257	111.32
258	111.76
259	112.19
260	112.62
261	113.03
262	113.49
263	113.92
264	114.36
265	114.79
266	115.22
267	115.66
268	116.09
269	116.52
270	116.96
271	117.39
272	117.82
273	118.26
274	118.69
275	119.12
276	119.56
277	119.99
278	120.42
279	120.85
280	121.29
281	121.73
282	122.15
283	122.59
284	123.02
285	123.45
286	123.89
287	124.32
288	124.75
289	125.18
290	125.62
291	126.05
292	126.48
293	126.92
294	127.35
295	127.78
296	128.22
297	128.65
298	129.08
299	129.51
300	129.95
310	134.28
320	138.62
330	142.95
340	147.28
350	151.61
360	155.94
370	160.27
380	164.61
390	168.94
400	173.27
500	216.58
600	259.90
700	303.22
800	346.54
900	389.86
1000	433.18

TABLE OF FRICTION HEADS IN FEET IN SMALL PIPES 100 FEET LONG UNDER GIVEN DISCHARGE.

Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	1⁄2-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
2.5	3,600	4.08	18.20
5	7,200	8.17	66.82
7.5	10,800	12.25	142.9
10	14,400	16.33	243.3
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	3⁄4-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
2.5	3,600	1.81	2.78
5	7,200	3.63	9.40
7.5	10,800	5.44	20.17
10	14,400	7.25	34.77
12.5	18,000	9.06	52.11
15	21,600	10.87	73.61
17.5	25,200	12.69	98.80
20	28,800	14.50	127.6
22.5	32,400	16.31	160.7
25	36,000	18.12	197.7
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	1-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
2.5	3,600	1.02	.74
5	7,200	2.04	2.52
7.5	10,800	3.06	5.14
10	14,400	4.08	8.75
12.5	18,000	5.10	13.22
15	21,600	6.13	18.84
17.5	25,200	7.15	25.14
20	28,800	8.17	32.27
22.5	32,400	9.18	40.17
25	36,000	10.20	48.90
30	43,200	12.23	68.70
35	50,400	14.25	92.10
40	57,600	16.29	116.8
45	64,800	18.34	150.6
50	72,000	20.37	186.7
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	11⁄4-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
5	7,200	1.31	.83
10	14,400	2.62	2.85
15	21,600	3.92	5.90
20	28,800	5.22	10.21
25	36,000	6.53	15.50
30	43,200	7.84	22.34
35	50,400	9.14	28.99
40	57,600	10.45	37.29
45	64,800	11.76	46.47
50	72,000	13.07	57.16
55	79,200	14.38	68.62
60	86,400	15.69	81.35
65	93,600	17.00	95.11
70	100,800	18.31	109.9
75	108,000	19.62	126.1
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	11⁄2-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
5	7,200	.91	.51
10	14,400	1.82	1.33
15	21,600	2.73	2.80
20	28,800	3.63	4.59
25	36,000	4.54	6.99
30	43,200	5.45	9.86
35	50,400	6.36	13.14
40	57,600	7.26	16.94
45	64,800	8.17	21.09
50	72,000	9.08	25.66
60	86,400	10.90	36.15
70	100,800	12.72	48.84
80	115,200	14.54	63.53
90	129,600	16.36	79.78
100	144,000	18.17	98.23
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	2-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
5	7,200	1	. . .
10	14,400	1.02	.31
20	28,800	2.04	1.17
30	43,200	3.06	2.36
40	57,600	4.09	4.17
50	72,000	5.11	6.34
60	86,400	6.13	8.92
70	100,800	7.15	11.83
80	115,200	8.18	15.27
90	129,600	9.20	19.11
100	144,000	10.22	23.23
125	180,000	12.80	35.78
150	216,000	15.3	50.60
175	252,000	17.9	69.13
200	288,000	20.4	89.51
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	21⁄2-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
25	36,000	1.63	.58
50	72,000	3.26	2.10
75	108,000	4.90	4.58
100	144,000	6.53	7.95
125	180,000	8.16	12.10
150	216,000	9.80	17.05
175	252,000	11.43	22.88
200	288,000	13.07	29.67
225	324,000	14.70	37.14
250	360,000	16.34	45.81
275	396,000	17.97	55.32
300	432,000	19.60	65.68
350	468,000	21.24	77.01
400	576,000	22.87	89.11
Gallons discharged per minute.	Gallons discharged per 24 hours.	3-in. Diam.
		Velocity in ft. per second.	Friction head in feet.
50	72,000	2.27	.88
75	108,000	3.40	1.90
100	144,000	4.54	3.29
125	180,000	5.67	5.00
150	216,000	6.81	7.05
175	252,000	7.94	9.41
200	288,000	9.08	12.13
225	324,000	10.22	15.17
250	360,000	11.36	18.69
275	396,000	12.50	22.52
300	432,000	13.64	26.26
350	468,000	15.91	35.80
400	576,000	18.18	46.64
450	648,000	20.45	88.70
500	720,000	22.72	73.82

Contents of cylinders, in cubic feet and in U. S. gallons, for one foot of length.

Diameter in Inches.	Diameter in Decimals of a Foot.	For 1 Foot in Length.
		Cubic Feet. Also area in square feet.	Gallons of 231 Cubic Inches.
1⁄4	.0208	.0003	.0026
5⁄16	.0260	.0005	.0040
3⁄8	.0313	.0008	.0057
7⁄16	.0365	.0010	.0078
1⁄2	.0417	.0014	.0102
9⁄16	.0469	.0017	.0129
5⁄8	.0521	.0021	.0159
11⁄16	.0573	.0026	.0193
3⁄4	.0625	.0031	.0230
13⁄16	.0677	.0036	.0270
7⁄8	.0729	.0042	.0312
15⁄16	.0781	.0048	.0359
1.	.0833	.0055	.0408
1⁄4	.1042	.0085	.0638
1⁄2	.1250	.0123	.0918
3⁄4	.1458	.0168	.1250
2.	.1667	.0218	.1632
1⁄4	.1875	.0276	.2066
1⁄2	.2083	.0341	.2550
3⁄4	.2292	.0413	.3085
3.	.2500	.0491	.3673
1⁄4	.2708	.0576	.4310
1⁄2	.2917	.0668	.4998
3⁄4	.3125	.0767	.5738
4.	.3333	.0878	.6528
1⁄4	.3542	.0985	.7370
1⁄2	.3750	.1105	.8263
3⁄4	.3958	.1231	.9205
5.	.4167	.1364	1.020
1⁄4	.4375	.1503	1.124
1⁄2	.4583	.1650	1.234
3⁄4	.4792	.1803	1.349
6.	.5000	.1963	1.469
1⁄4	.5208	.2180	1.594
1⁄2	.5417	.2305	1.724
3⁄4	.5625	.2485	1.859
7.	.5833	.2673	1.999
1⁄4	.6042	.2868	2.144
1⁄2	.6250	.3068	2.295
3⁄4	.6458	.3275	2.450
8.	.6667	.3490	2.611
1⁄4	.6875	.3713	2.777
1⁄2	.7083	.3940	2.948
3⁄4	.7292	.4175	3.125
9.	.7500	.4418	3.305
1⁄4	.7708	.4668	3.492
1⁄2	.7917	.4923	3.682
3⁄4	.8125	.5185	3.879
10.	.8333	.5455	4.081
1⁄4	.8542	.5730	4.286
1⁄2	.8750	.6013	4.498
3⁄4	.8958	.6303	4.714
11.	.9167	.6600	4.937
1⁄4	.9375	.6903	5.163
1⁄2	.9583	.7213	5.395
3⁄4	.9792	.7530	5.633
12.	1 Foot.	.7854	5.876
1⁄2	1.042	.8523	6.375
13.	1.083	.9218	6.895
1⁄2	1.125	.9940	7.435
14.	1.167	1.069	7.997
1⁄2	1.208	1.147	8.578
15.	1.250	1.227	9.180
1⁄2	1.292	1.310	9.801
16.	1.333	1.396	10.44
1⁄2	1.375	1.485	11.11
17.	1.417	1.576	11.79
1⁄2	1.458	1.670	12.50
18.	1.500	1.767	13.22
1⁄2	1.542	1.867	13.97
19.	1.583	1.969	14.73
1⁄2	1.625	2.074	15.52
20.	1.666	2.182	16.32
1⁄2	1.708	2.292	17.15
21.	1.750	2.405	17.99
1⁄2	1.792	2.521	18.86
22.	1.833	2.640	19.75
1⁄2	1.875	2.761	20.65
23.	1.917	2.885	21.58
1⁄2	1.958	3.012	22.53
24.	2.000	3.142	23.50
25.	2.083	3.409	25.50
26.	2.166	3.687	27.58
27.	2.250	3.976	29.74
28.	2.333	4.276	31.99
29.	2.416	4.587	34.31
30.	2.500	4.909	36.72
31.	2.583	5.241	39.21
32.	2.666	5.585	41.78
33.	2.750	5.940	44.43
34.	2.833	6.305	47.17
35.	2.916	6.681	49.98
36.	3.000	7.069	52.88
37.	3.083	7.468	55.86
38.	3.166	7.876	58.92
39.	3.250	8.296	62.06
40.	3.333	8.728	65.29
41.	3.416	9.168	68.58
42.	3.500	9.620	71.96
43.	3.583	10.084	75.43
44.	3.666	10.560	79.00
45.	3.750	11.044	82.62
46.	3.833	11.540	86.32
47.	3.916	12.048	90.12
48.	4.000	12.566	94.02

231 cubic inches equal one gallon, and 7.4805 gallons equal one cubic foot.

For the contents of a greater diameter than any in the table, take the quantity opposite one-half said diameter and multiply it by 4. Thus, the number of cubic feet in one foot length of a pipe 80 inches in diameter, is equal to 8.728 × 4 = 34.912 cubic feet. So also with gallons and areas.

SCHEDULE OF STANDARD FLANGES.

Adopted July 18, 1894, by a Committee of the Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters’ Association, a Committee of the Society of Mechanical Engineers of the United States, and the leading valve and fitting manufacturers of the United States.

Pipe size, Inches.	Pipe thickness, (P + 100) .4S d + .333(1 - d⁄100) S-18,000 lbs.	Thickness nearest fraction, inches.	Stress on pipe per square inch at 200 lbs.	Radius of fillet, inches.
2	.409	7⁄16	460	1⁄8
21⁄2	.429	7⁄16	550	1⁄8
3	.448	7⁄16	690	1⁄8
31⁄2	.466	1⁄2	700	1⁄8
4	.486	1⁄2	800	1⁄8
41⁄2	.498	1⁄2	900	1⁄8
5	.525	1⁄2	1,000	1⁄8
6	.563	9⁄16	1,060	1⁄8
7	.60	5⁄8	1,120	1⁄8
8	.639	5⁄8	1,280	1⁄8
9	.678	11⁄16	1,310	3⁄16
10	.713	3⁄4	1,330	3⁄16
12	.79	13⁄16	1,470	3⁄16
14	.864	7⁄8	1,600	3⁄16
15	.904	15⁄16	1,600	3⁄16
16	.946	1	1,600	3⁄16
18	1.02	11⁄16	1,690	3⁄16
20	1.09	11⁄8	1,780	3⁄16
22	1.18	13⁄16	1,850	1⁄4
24	1.25	11⁄4	1,920	1⁄4
26	1.30	15⁄16	1,980	1⁄4
28	1.38	13⁄8	2,040	1⁄4
30	1.48	11⁄2	2,000	1⁄4
36	1.71	13⁄4	1,920	1⁄4
42	1.87	2	2,100	1⁄4
48	2.17	21⁄4	2,130	1⁄4

Pipe size, Inches.	Flange diameter, inches.		Flange thickness at hub for iron pipe, inches.	Flange thickness at edge, inches.		Width flange face, inches.
2		6	1		5⁄8		2
21⁄2		7	11⁄8		11⁄16		21⁄4
3		71⁄2	11⁄4		3⁄4		21⁄4
31⁄2		81⁄2	11⁄4		13⁄16		21⁄2
4		9	13⁄8		15⁄16		21⁄2
41⁄2		91⁄4	13⁄8		15⁄16		23⁄8
5		10	11⁄2		15⁄16		21⁄2
6		11	11⁄2		1		21⁄2
7		121⁄2	11⁄2		11⁄16		23⁄4
8		131⁄2	13⁄4		11⁄8		23⁄4
9		15	13⁄4		11⁄8		3
10		16	2		13⁄16		3
12		19	2		11⁄4		31⁄2
14		21	2		13⁄8		31⁄2
15		221⁄4	2		15⁄8		35⁄8
16		231⁄2	21⁄4		17⁄16		33⁄4
18		25	....		19⁄16		31⁄2
20		271⁄2	....		111⁄16		33⁄4
22		291⁄2	....		113⁄16		33⁄4
24	311⁄2	32	....	11⁄4	17⁄8	33⁄4	4
26	333⁄4	341⁄4	....	13⁄8	2	37⁄8	41⁄8
28	36	361⁄2	....	17⁄16	21⁄16	4	41⁄4
30	38	383⁄4	....	11⁄2	21⁄8	4	43⁄8
36	441⁄2	453⁄4	....	13⁄4	23⁄8	41⁄4	47⁄8
42	51	523⁄4	....	17⁄8	25⁄8	41⁄2	53⁄8
48	571⁄2	591⁄2	....	2	23⁄4	43⁄4	53⁄4

Pipe size, Inches.	Width flange face, inches.		Bolt circle diameter, inches.		Number of bolts.	Bolt size diameters, inches.		Bolt length, inches.	Stress on each bolt, per square inch at bottom of thread at 200 lbs.
2		2		43⁄4	4	1⁄2	5⁄8	2	825
21⁄2		21⁄4		51⁄2	4	1⁄2	5⁄8	21⁄4	1,050
3		21⁄4		6	4	1⁄2	5⁄8	21⁄2	1,330
31⁄2		21⁄2		7	4	1⁄2	5⁄8	21⁄2	2,530
4		21⁄2		71⁄2	4	3⁄8	3⁄4	23⁄4	2,100
41⁄2		23⁄8		73⁄4	8	5⁄8	3⁄4	3	1,430
5		21⁄2		81⁄2	8	5⁄8	3⁄4	3	1,630
6		21⁄2		91⁄2	8	5⁄8	3⁄4	3	2,360
7		23⁄4		103⁄4	8	5⁄8	3⁄4	31⁄4	3,200
8		23⁄4		113⁄4	8	5⁄8	3⁄4	31⁄2	4,190
9		3		131⁄4	12	5⁄8	3⁄4	31⁄2	3,610
10		3		141⁄4	12	5⁄8	7⁄8	35⁄8	2,970
12		31⁄2		17	12	3⁄4	7⁄8	33⁄4	4,280
14		31⁄2		183⁄4	12	7⁄8	1	41⁄4	4,280
15		35⁄8		20	16	7⁄8	1	41⁄4	3,660
16		33⁄4		211⁄4	16	7⁄8	1	41⁄4	4,210
18		31⁄2		223⁄4	16	1	17⁄8	43⁄4	4,540
20		33⁄4		25	20	1	11⁄8	5	4,490
22		33⁄4		271⁄4	20	1	11⁄4	51⁄2	4,320
24	33⁄4	4	291⁄4	291⁄2	20	1	11⁄4	51⁄2	5,130
26	37⁄8	41⁄8	311⁄4	313⁄4	24	1	11⁄4	53⁄4	5,030
28	4	41⁄4	331⁄2	34	28	1	11⁄4	6	5,000
30	4	43⁄8	351⁄2	36	28	11⁄8	13⁄8	61⁄4	4,590
36	41⁄4	47⁄8	42	423⁄4	32	11⁄8	13⁄8	61⁄2	5,790
42	41⁄2	53⁄8	481⁄2	491⁄2	36	11⁄4	11⁄2	71⁄4	5,700
48	43⁄4	53⁄4	543⁄4	56	44	13⁄8	11⁄2	73⁄4	6,090

DIMENSIONS OF CAST IRON PIPE, FLANGES, ETC.

(J. E. Codman, Engineers’ Club of Philadelphia, 1889.)

Diameter of Pipe.	Diameter of Flange.	Diameter of Bolt Circle.	Diameter of Bolt.	Number of Bolts.
2	61⁄4	43⁄4	3⁄4	4
3	71⁄2	57⁄8	3⁄4	4
4	9	7	3⁄4	6
5	93⁄4	8	3⁄4	6
6	103⁄4	91⁄8	3⁄4	8
8	131⁄4	113⁄8	3⁄4	8
10	151⁄4	131⁄4	3⁄4	10
12	173⁄4	153⁄4	7⁄8	12
14	20	18	7⁄8	14
16	22	20	7⁄8	16
18	24	221⁄4	7⁄8	16
20	27	241⁄2	1	18
22	283⁄4	261⁄2	1	20
24	311⁄4	283⁄4	1	22
26	331⁄4	31	1	24
28	351⁄2	331⁄4	1	24
30	38	351⁄2	1	26
32	40	371⁄2	11⁄8	28
34	421⁄4	40	11⁄8	30
36	45	42	11⁄8	32
38	47	44	11⁄8	32
40	49	46	11⁄8	34
42	511⁄4	481⁄4	11⁄8	34
44	531⁄2	501⁄4	11⁄4	36
46	553⁄4	523⁄4	11⁄4	38
48	58	55	11⁄4	40

Diameter of Pipe.	Thickness of Flange.	Thickness of Pipe.		Weight per foot without Flange.	Weight of Flange and Bolts.
		Frac.	Dec.
2	5⁄8	3⁄8	.373	6.96	4.41
3	5⁄8	13⁄32	.396	11.16	5.93
4	11⁄16	7⁄16	.420	15.84	7.66
5	3⁄4	7⁄16	.443	21.00	9.63
6	3⁄4	15⁄32	.466	26.64	11.82
8	13⁄16	1⁄2	.511	39.36	16.91
10	7⁄8	9⁄16	.557	54.00	23.00
12	15⁄16	19⁄32	.603	70.56	30.13
14	1	21⁄32	.649	89.04	38.34
16	11⁄16	11⁄16	.695	109.44	47.70
18	11⁄8	3⁄4	.741	131.76	58.23
20	13⁄16	25⁄32	.787	156.00	70.00
22	11⁄4	27⁄32	.833	182.16	83.05
24	15⁄16	7⁄8	.879	210.24	97.42
26	13⁄8	15⁄16	.925	240.24	113.18
28	17⁄16	31⁄32	.971	272.16	130.35
30	19⁄16	1	1.017	306.00	149.00
32	15⁄8	11⁄16	1.063	341.76	169.17
34	111⁄16	11⁄8	1.109	379.44	190.90
36	13⁄4	15⁄32	1.155	419.04	214.26
38	113⁄16	13⁄16	1.201	460.56	239.27
40	17⁄8	11⁄4	1.247	504.00	266.00
42	115⁄16	15⁄16	1.293	549.36	294.49
44	2	111⁄32	1.339	596.64	324.78
46	21⁄16	13⁄8	1.385	645.84	356.94
48	21⁄8	17⁄16	1.431	696.96	391.00

FLANGE SIZES FOR EXTRA HEAVY PIPE.

Adopted by a Conference of Manufacturers, June 28, 1901.

Size of Pipe.	Diam. of Flange.	Thickness of Flange.	Diameter of Bolt Circle.	Number of Bolts.	Size of Bolts.
Inches.	Inches.	Inches.	Inches.		Inches.
2	61⁄2	7⁄8	5	4	5⁄8
21⁄2	71⁄2	1	57⁄8	4	3⁄4
3	81⁄4	11⁄8	65⁄8	8	5⁄8
31⁄2	9	13⁄16	71⁄4	8	5⁄8
4	10	11⁄4	77⁄8	8	3⁄4
41⁄2	101⁄2	15⁄16	81⁄2	8	3⁄4
5	11	13⁄8	91⁄4	8	3⁄4
6	121⁄2	17⁄16	105⁄8	12	3⁄4
7	14	11⁄2	117⁄8	12	7⁄8
8	15	15⁄8	13	12	7⁄8
9	16	13⁄4	14	12	7⁄8
10	171⁄2	17⁄8	151⁄4	16	7⁄8
12	20	2	173⁄4	16	7⁄8
14	221⁄2	21⁄8	20	20	7⁄8
15	231⁄2	23⁄16	21	20	1
16	25	21⁄4	221⁄2	20	1
18	27	23⁄8	241⁄2	24	1
20	291⁄2	21⁄2	263⁄4	24	11⁄8
22	311⁄2	25⁄8	283⁄4	28	11⁄8
24	34	23⁄4	311⁄4	28	11⁄8

INDEX
TO PART TWO

“An index is something intended to point out, guide, or direct, as the hand of a clock or a steam-gage, the style of a sun dial, an arm of a guide-post or the figure of a hand ☞.”

THE INDEX
to Part Two of Rogers Pumps and Hydraulics.

	Page
Accidents, to avoid,	[374]
Acid, muriatic fumes, action of,	[380]
syphon pump, ills. and des.,	[265]
Adjusting, care must be exercised in,	[372]
“Admiralty,” the rectangular surface condenser, des.,	[303]
Advantages of the Cataract mining pump,	[146]
modern pulsometer,	[273]
Aer, def.,	[179]
Aëriform fluids, def.,	[15]
Aermotor pumps,	[177]-[192]
Aermotors, why so named,	[187]
Ahrens steam fire engine,	[126]
Air, des.,	[15]
and steam, relative space occupied by,	[378]
and vacuum pumps, ills. and des.,	[31]
steam end of,	[35]
table of test,	[41]
as a mechanical agent,	[17]
Air, moving power; note,	[23]
“back pressure” of, des.,	[36]
Air-bound pumps,	[371]
Air brakes, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
chamber, to prevent freezing,	[381]
Air compressor, direct acting steam single, ills. and des.,	[72]
power wall or post, ills. and des.,	[72]
the “Imperial,“ ills. and des.,	[67]-[70]
Air compressors, des.,	[57]-[78]
methods of driving,	[59]
theoretical operations of,	[63]
Air cooler of condenser, ills.,	[312]
Air, fluid of, def.,	[17]
gravity and elasticity of,	[16]
leaks in suction must be prevented,	[374]
Air lift pump, ills. and des.,	[79]-[90]
care and management,	[87]-88
lift system, advantages of,	[79]
theory of,	[80]
liquid, des.,	[64]
pipe of a compressor,	[84]
pressure pumps, direct, ills. and des.,	[90]
Air pump attached to a condenser becomes a vacuum pump,	[373]
Dean Brothers’ twin cylinder, ills. and des.,	[46]-[50]
Edwards, ills. and des.,	[53]-[55]
principles of duty,	[373]
simplest form of, ills.,	[15]
used in connection with a jet condenser, ills.,	[34]
hand, des. and ills.,	[29], [30]
the inertia of,	[17]
Altitude, effect of, on atmospheric pressure,	[73], [74]
American pump as attached to steam fire engine, ills.,	[93]
driving mechanism of, ills. and des.,	[93], [98]
American steam fire engine pump, ills.,	[132], [133]
des.,	[138], [139]
Ammonia or acid pumps, ills. and des.,	[171]
muriate of, action,	[379]
Amoskeag fire engine, ills.,	[107], [128]
des.,	[141], [142]
Anderson steam trap, des. and ills.,	[332], [333]
Anti-freezing device, ills.,	[382]
Application of packing, how done,	[372]
Appurtenances belonging to steam fire engines, list of,	[111]
Aqua-thruster,	[267]-[269]
Atmosphere, pressure of, def.,	[16], [36]
surface condenser exerts,	[314]
weight of, on the surface of the earth,	[19]
Atmospheric air, a type of other gases,	[25]
Atmospheric pressure, effect of altitude upon,	[73], [74]
pumps, des. and ills.,	[169]-[171]
Attachment, def. of,	[317]
Attraction of cohesion, def.,	[16]
Automatic action of the pump controlled by a float, ills. and des.,	[318], [319]
duplex steam pump and receiver, Deane, ills. and des.,	[318], [319]
throttle valve for boiler feed pump, ills. and des.,	[352], [353]
“Back pressure” of atmosphere, des.,	[36]
Baffle plate, used in condenser, ills. and des.,	[305]
Ballast pump, the, ills. and des.,	[159]-[161]
Ballast tank, ship’s, def.,	[322]
Ball cock, ills. and des.,	[320]
Ball float, ills. and des.,	[318]-[319]
how attached in air and vacuum pump,	[36]
Ballot, Buys, law relating to barometers,	[181]
Bark, care to keep out of pipes and valves,	[379]
mixture, des.,	[379]
white oak, prevents boiler incrustation,	[379]
Barometer, ills. and des.,	[20]
water, how made,	[31]
Barrel, capacity of in gallons,	[323]
Bell and spigot connection, ills. and des.,	[367]
Belted duplex air compressor (built by the Allis-Chalmers Co.),	[62]-[71]
Bilge pump, special fittings for,	[161]
“Blake” compressor,	[73]
Bliss-Heath atmospheric pumping engine, ills. and des.,	[169]-[171]
Blowing engine, ills. and des.,	[66], [67]
Blow-off cock, des.,	[347]
valve, Bordo, ills. and des.,	[354], [355]
Boggs & Clark hydraulic dredging pump, ills. and des.,	[217], [218]
Boiler cleaners, mechanical,	[380]
compound, cost of,	[378]
action of,	[379]
Boiler compound, directions for use,	[378]
for locomotives,	[378]
formula for,	[380]
feed pump, centrifugal form adopted for,	[222]
Boiler of steam fire engine, des.,	[99]
Boiler of the Ahrens steam fire engine,	[126]
the Clapp & Jones steam fire engine,	[118]
the Silsby steam fire engine,	[115]
Boiler scale, table of analysis,	[328]
Boilers, ball cock attached to,	[320]
corrosion of, how caused,	[380]
Bolt circles of standard pipe flanges; Table,	[399]
Bolts, diameters of; lengths of,	[399]
Bordo blow-off valve, ills. and des.,	[354], [355]
Bottoming-tap, ills. and des.,	[339]
Box wrench, des.,	[345]
Brewers’ grains, how pumped; note,	[202]
Buffalo, the centrifugal pump, ills. and des.,	[223]
Bulkley “Injector” condenser, ills. and des.,	[308], [309]
Buys Ballot’s law relating to barometers,	[181]
Byron Jackson Machine Co.’s turbine pumps, ills. and des.,	[236]-[242]
Cameron, the, vertical plunger sinking pump, ills.,	[150]-[151]
des.,	[152]
Capacity of cisterns and tanks, how estimated,	[364]
Carbonate of lime in boiler scale,	[328]
magnesia in boiler scale,	[328]
Carbonates deposited in order, des.,	[380]
Care and management of air pumps,	[87]-[88]
the Clapp & Jones steam fire engine,	[123]
Carr steam pump governors, ills. and des.,	[288]-[291]
Cataract steam pump, ills.,	[144]
des.,	[146]
Centrifugal pump, diagram of right and left-hand methods of discharge,	[225]
early form of, ills.,	[212]
des.,	[214]
four stage, ills. and des.,	[224]
important note relating to speed of; quotation from “Industries”,	[223]-[229]
Morris Machine Company’s, steam-driven, ills. and des.,	[220]-[221]
multi-stage, ill. and des.,	[223]-[224]
the Buffalo, ills. and des.,	[223]
the converse of the turbine water-wheel,	[213]
vertical, submerged type of, ills. and des.,	[222]-[223]
directions for erecting and running,	[226]-[228]
fans used in, ills.,	[213]
des.,	[215]
history of,	[211]
Centrifugal pumps, how to determine right or left-hand pumps,	[226]
ills. and des.,	[211]-[230]
rotary and,	[193]-[229]
the Worthington, divided into Conoidal, volute and Turbine, des.,	[229]
two general types of, ills. and des.,	[215]-[216]
Centrifugal wheel, ten thousand horse power, ills. and des.,	[213]
also 133, Part One.
Chain tongs,	[343]
Chlorides deposited in order, des.,	[380]
Churning in pumps, causes of,	[375]
Churn valve for feeding the steam fire engine, des.,	[111]
purposes of,	[137]
Circulating pump, des.,	[32]
Circulating pumps, ills.,	[219]
des.,	[168]
Cistern, def. of,	[321]
Cisterns and tanks, table of capacity for,	[324]
ball cock attached to,	[320]
Cisterns, computation for finding weight of,	[324]
contents of round; Table,	[398]
diameters of, in decimals of a foot; Table,	[398]
rule for finding contents of round; Table,	[398]
Clapp & Jones steam fire engine,	[118]
Village Engine,	[121]
Classification of steam fire engines,	[93]
Cleaner, mechanical boiler,	[380]
Cleaning carpets and railroad cars and seats, use of vacuum or atmospheric pressure in, des.,	[59]
Cleanliness essential,	[371]
Clogging of suction, effect of,	[374]
Closed pressure tanks, ills. and des.,	[321]-[323]
Coal, decreasing supply of,	[84]
Cock, des., classes of,	[347]
ball, ills. and des.,	[320]
blow-off, des.,	[347]
cylinder, des.,	[247]
feed, des.,	[347]
four-way, des.,	[347]
gage, des.,	[347]
oil, des.,	[347]
Cock, self-closing, des.,	[347]
steam, des.,	[347]
stop, des.,	[347]
three-way, des.,	[347]
Cock, try, des.,	[347]
water, des.,	[347]
Column of water, pressure of; Table,	[396]
Columns, mine pump, ills. and des.,	[363]
Compound, boiler, record of results,	[378]
Compound or two-stage compression,	[74]-[75]
Compounds for making pipe joints,	[367]
Compressed air, des.,	[57]
Compressibility of gases,	[26]
Compression, compound, or two-stage,	[74]-[75]
Compressor, belted duplex air (built by the Allis-Chalmers Co.),	[62]-[71]
“Imperial” air, des. and ills.,	[67]-[70]
Norwalk compound, des. and ills.,	[77]-[78]
Norwalk standard, ills. and des.,	[56]-[58]
power wall or post air, ills. and des.,	[72]
vertical duplex,	[64]-[71]
Compressors, air, des.,	[57]-[58]
Computation for finding weight of water in cisterns and tanks,	[324]
obtaining the contents of a barrel in gallons,	[324]
Miner’s Inch, with ills.,	[388]
open stream measurement,	[390]
weir dam, water, measurement,	[390]
relating to water pumped by windmill,	[191]
“Condensation,” def.,	[18]
Condenser, def.,	[32]
des.,	[299]
advantages of,	[300], [378]
combined, and feed-water heater, ills. and des.,	[306]
cone, ills.,	[312]
Conover, ills. and des.,	[50]-[53]
economy of,	[37]
elbow, exhaust and injection, des. and ills.,	[306]
exhaust pipe into suction, ills. and des.,	[381]
exhaust steam induction, des. and ills.,	[308]
Condenser, jet, ills. and des.,	[312]
jet type of,	[33]
keel, what it consists of,	[311]
plant, marine, ills. and des.,	[310]-[311]
pump, ills. and des.,	[306]-[307]
Condensers, classification of,	[303]
Condenser, surface, ills. and des.,	[313]
tube, ills. and des.,	[305]
Condensing apparatus, des. and ills.,	[297]-[314]
engines, early, des.,	[378]
Condensing surface required, amount of,	[312]-[314]
Cone, condenser, ills. and des.,	[306]
Conoidal centrifugal pump, the Worthington, why so named, des.,	[229]
Conover condenser, ills. and des.,	[50]-[53]
Construction of the Silsby steam cylinder pump and boiler,	[115]
Contamination of water to be prevented,	[375]
Contents, Table of,	XI.
Controller, Mullin’s automatic, ills. and des.,	[352]-[353]
Cooling towers, des.,	[33]
Corcoran double action suction force pump, des. and ills.,	[185]-[186]
tank valves,	[323]
Corcoran windmill, ills. and des.,	[184]-[186]
Corrosion, def.,	[328]
how prevented,	[380]
of boilers, how caused,	[380]
Cotton presses, pump for, ills. and des.,	[154]-[155]
Coupling pipe, ills.,	[368]
“Crane-necked” steam fire engine,	[141]
Cranes and hoists, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
Crow, ills. and des.,	[340]
Cubic foot, capacity of in gallons.,	[323]
Cutter, pipe, ills. and des.,	[338]
Cylinder-cock, des.,	[347]
Cylinders, contents of, in cubic feet for each foot depth; Table,	[398]
relieved before removing head,	[383]
Dam, Weir, measurement of water,	[390]
Dart union, ills. and des.,	[367]
Davidson marine pump, ills. and des.,	[156]-[157]
Dean Brothers’ twin cylinder air pump, ills. and des.,	[46]-[50]
Dean automatic duplex steam pump and receiver, ills. and des.,	[318]-[319]
single sugar-house pump, ills. and des.,	[164]-[165]
single vertical sinking pump, ills.,	[148]
des.,	[149]
vacuum pump, ills. and des.,	[42]-[43]
Deep-well pump, working barrel of,	[192]
Deflector, water circulating,	[120]
Derangement of duplex pump, broken valve may cause it,	[376]
Diagram of discharge openings of centrifugal right and left-hand pumps,	[225]
Dial, to read the, of a water meter, ills.,	[332]
Diameters of cisterns in decimals of a foot; Table,	[398]
Diaphragm lift and force pump, ills.,	[145]
des.,	[148]
outfit for,	[149]
Diffusion of gases,	[27]
vanes of Worthington centrifugal pump, des.,	[233]
Direct acting steam single air compressor, ills. and des.,	[72]
Disadvantages in the use of compressed air for operating mining pumps,	[71]
Discharge per minute under given heads; Table,	[392]-[393]
Discovery of the advantages arising from the condensation of steam,	[300]
Distributing reservoir, def.,	[322]
“Doctor” independent pump, ills. and des.,	[161]-[162]
“Donkey” pump, des.,	[161]
Double extra first steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
tube injector, universal, ills.,	[262]
des.,	[264]
Drain for steam pipes,	[374]
Drain, necessity for,	[374]
Draining pump cylinders and pipes,	[377]
plugs,	[377]
Dredge, elevator, des.,	[222]
20-inch hydraulic, ills. and des.,	[221]
Dredges, self-propelling and sea-going, des.; note,	[210]
Dredging pump, hydraulic, Boggs & Clark, ills. and des.,	[217]-[218]
Root’s large rotary, ills. and des.,	[208]-[210]
Drill and pipe tap combined,	[339]
Drip cocks, proper location of,	[376]
Dry cocks, centrifugal pump, particularly adapted for use in building sewers, in sand dredging,	[214]
Duplex pump, delays, avoid by frequent inspections,	[376]
derangements of one side,	[375]
jerky motion in, cause of,	[376]
repairs should be prompt and timely,	[376]
screens, important that they be kept clean,	[376]
separating chamber requires frequent examination,	[376]
suction valves require much attention,	[376]
worn parts should be replaced,	[376]
Duplex steam pump and receiver, Deane automatic, ills. and des.,	[318]-[319]
Edison Manufacturing Co. hand mining pump, des.,	[148]
Edwards air and vacuum pump, ills. and des.,	[53]-[55]
Ejector, ills. with a foot strainer,	[260]
double tube, ills. and des.,	[261]
or exhauster used for priming centrifugal pumps, des.,	[216]
ills.,	[218]
pump, ills. and des.,	[259]-[260]
water pressure, ills. and des.,	[266]
and injectors,	[243]-[266]
application of, ills.,	[256]
des.,	[260]
Elastic fluids, two classes of,	[16]
Elasticity, def.,	[26]
a property of air,	[16], [17]
of all aëriform fluids, def.,	[17]
Elbow, condenser, exhaust and injection, des. and ills.,	[306]
pipe, ills.,	[368]
Elbows, des.,	[364]
Electric mining pump, ills., part one,	[276]
des., part two,	[147]
Elevator, Mason, pump pressure regulator, ills. and des.,	[286]-[287]
Endicott’s platform springs, des.,	[141]
Energy of the steam injector, whence derived, note,	[247]
wind as a source of power,	[181]
Engines, early condensing, des.,	[378]
Engine, steam fire, ills. and des.,	[91]-[142]
Entering or taper tap, ills. and des.,	[339]
Evaporation, def. and laws of,	[28]
Eve, J., inventor of Eve’s rotary pump, historical note,	[196]
Eve’s rotary pump, des. and ills.,	[196]-[197]
Exhaust steam induction condenser, des. and ills.,	[308]
injector, ills. and des.,	[249], [255]-[256]
injector, high pressure, ills. and des.,	[257]
Exhaust steam, utilizing of; note,	[35]
Expansibility of gases, def. and ills.,	[25]
Expansion and compression of a body, def.,	[18]
Explanations of principles involved in feeding tank,	[373]
exposed pipes, precautions against freezing,	[377]
Extra first steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Failure of pump, how to find cause,	[374]
Fans, ills.,	[213]
des.,	[215]
Feed-cock, des.,	[347]
Feeding into bottom of tank requires less power than top,	[373]
Feed-water heater and combined condenser, ills. and des.,	[306]
Volz, ills. and des.,	[304]-[306]
impurities, des., note relating to,	[327]
Fifth steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Fire engine, Silsby steam, des. and ills.,	[113]
steam, ills. and des.,	[91]-[142]
Fire hose flow of water, how retarded in, des.,	[135]
pumps, Holyoke pattern of rotary,	[203]
First steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Flange joint, ills., and des.,	[363]
Flanges, diameters of standard; Table,	[399]
standard, bolt circles of; Table,	[399]
table of standard sizes,	[399]
thickness of standard,	[399]
union, des. and ills.,	[363]
Float, automatic action of the pump controlled by a, ills. and des.,	[318]-[319]
Flow of water over Weir dam; Table,	[391]
Fluid, particles of,	[14]
Flume, mechanism to shut off the water supply of, ills.,	[295]
Foot-board of the steam fire engine, des.,	[111]
Foot valve applied to centrifugal pump,	[216]
Forcer of steam injector,	[247]
Foundations of tanks,	[323]
suitable, precautions for,	[371]
Fountain, Hero’s, ills. and des.,	[23]
in vacuo, ills. and des.,	[23]
Four stage centrifugal pump, ills. and des.,	[224]
Fourth steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Four-way cock, des.,	[347]
Fox boiler, des. and ills.,	[101]-[103]
Freeman, John R., credit given for table,	[117]
Freezing, anti-, device,	[381]
of pipe, how prevented, ills. and des.,	[381]
Friction, different kinds of pipe,	[377]
Friction heads; Table,	[394]-[395]
in small pipes; Table,	[397]
Friction, influence of, on different kinds of pipe,	[377]
loss in pounds pressure; Table,	[392]-[393]
must be kept down,	[372]
Frizell system of air lift pumps,	[88]
Gage-cock, des.,	[347]
Gallon, capacity of,	[323]
imperial, capacity of,	[323]
Gallons for each foot of length in pipes,	[398]
Gases and liquids, properties in common, des.,	[24]
compressibility of,	[26]
diffusion of,	[27]
expansibility of, def. and ills.,	[25]
permanent, def.,	[16]
pressure exerted by,	[26]
weight of, def.,	[26]
Gas-fitter’s air proving pump, def. and ills.,	[29]
Gates, head, mechanism to raise and lower, ills.,	[295]
Gauge, hydraulic, test pump, ills. and des.,	[164]
indicating pressure and vacuum, des.,	[259]
vacuum, why graduated in inches; note,	[21]
Giffard, Inventor of the injector; historical note,	[245]
Gould’s rotary pump, ills.,	[194]
des.,	[199]
Governor and pump, des. and ills.,	[317]-[319]
Governors, Carr steam pump, ills. and des.,	[288]-[291]
Governor, Mason pump, ills. and des.,	[284]-[286]
utility combination pump, des. and ills.,	[296]
Governors, pump speed, ills. and des.,	[281]-[294]
Graduated tank, des.,	[322]
Grains, wet, brewers’, how pumped; note,	[202]
Graphite as a lubricant, des.,	[384]
Graphite, invaluable about studs, nuts, etc.,	[384]
mix with oil for hand pump,	[375]
use of, on pipe threads,	[384]
Gravitation, effect on current of air,	[180]
Gravity, a property of air,	[16]
Grit, avoid in packing,	[377]
Guericke, Otto von, inventor,	[19]
Guide vanes of Worthington centrifugal pump, des.,	[231]
des.,	[212]
Hammer, how best used, des.,	[345]
Hand air pumps, des. and ills.,	[29]-[30]
Harris system of raising water by direct pressure,	[90]
Hayden & Derby Mfg. Co.,	[252]
Head gates, mechanism to raise and lower, ills.,	[295]
Heads, friction at given rates; Table,	[394]-[395]
Heat, action of, on particles of bodies,	[16]
Heater, noiseless water, ills. and des.,	[265]-[266]
stationary, for the steam fire engine,	[105]
Heron or Hero, account of,	[99]
of Alexandria; historical note relating to steam fire engine,	[95]
“Hero’s fountain,” invented by Hero of Alexandria,	[99]
ills. and des.,	[23]
“Hessian Suck,” a form of centrifugal pump, des.,	[211]
Hinged valve,	[347]
Historical notes and ills. relating to steam fire engine,	[92]-[99]
History of the centrifugal pump,	[211]
Hogshead, capacity of,	[323]
Holyoke improved speed governor for water wheels, ills. and des.,	[291]-[294]
pattern rotary pump,	[203]
Horizontal two-stage pump, ills.,	[236]
des.,	[241]
Hydraulic dredge, 20-inch, ills. and des.,	[221]
dredging pump, Boggs & Clarke, ills. and des.,	[217]-[218]
gauge test pump, ills. and des.,	[163]
joints for high pressure, ills. and des.,	[361]
Hydraulic lifts and cranes, pump for, des. and ills.,	[154]-[155]
packing, difficulty in cutting,	[373]
pipes, best way to join; Note,	[367]
riveting and punching, pump for, ills. and des.,	[154]-[155]
Hydro-pneumatics,	[15]
Ice, expansion of,	[381]
Ideal steel tank tower, ills. and des.,	[187]
“Impellers,” des.,	[212]
Impellers of Worthington centrifugal pump, des.,	[233]
Impellers or pistons of rotary pumps, ills. and des.,	[196]
“Imperial” air compressor, ills. and des.,	[67]-[70]
Imperial gallon, capacity of,	[323]
Incrustation, des.,	[328]
Incrustations of injector pipes, how removed,	[254]
Injection, def.,	[32]
water of air and vacuum pumps, des.,	[35]
Injector, action of,	[247], [249]
a gauge indicating both pressure and vacuum for the,	[259]
“Injector” condenser, Bulkley, ills. and des.,	[308]-[309]
Injector, double tube universal, ills.,	[262]
des.,	[264]
exhaust steam, ills. and des.,	[255]-[256]
high pressure exhaust steam, ills. and des.,	[257]
how to start the exhaust steam,	[259]
Korting, des.,	[264]
“Manhattan” automatic, ills.,	[244]
des.,	[251]
Metropolitan double tube, ills.,	[248]
des.,	[252]
Metropolitan single tube, ills.,	[250]
des.,	[252]
Monitor, ills.,	[246]
des.,	[252]
not an economical device,	[249]
peerless automatic, ills.,	[246]
des.,	[251]
peerless, names of parts,	[251]
ills.,	[234]
peerless, table of pressure and temperature of the,	[251]
the exhaust steam,	[249]
Injectors and ejectors,	[243]-[266]
piping of “Manhattan” and peerless, ills. and des.,	[253]
rules to govern the actions, etc., of,	[253]-[254]
table of capacity of,	[252]
three distinct types of,	[247]
Inspection for causes of failure in starting a pump,	[371]
Inspections, internal and external necessary,	[374]
Inspirator, des.,	[249]
Instructions and suggestions for the steam fire engine,	[129], [131], [135]-[137]
Interchangeable socket wrench, ills. and des.,	[344]
Inter-cooler, the, ills. and des.,	[74]-[78]
Intermediate tap, ills. and des.,	[339]
Interruption of flow by foreign body in suction,	[375]
Inverted-cup valve,	[347]
Irregularity in duplex pump, cause of,	[375]
Irregular speed indicates trouble,	[376]
Duty, unsteady discharge requires attention,	[376]
“Isochronal” pump, def.,	[147]
Jet condenser, ills. and des.,	[32], [303], [312]
discovery of,	[301]
Jet pump, the, ills. and des.,	[261]
type of condenser,	[33]
Joint, pipe, compounds for making, recipes,	[362]
piping, des. and ills.,	[359]-[362]
Keel condenser, what it consists of,	[311]
Kerosene, effect on pipe joints,	[362]
Key valve,	[47]
“Kicking down” a well in the early days, ills.,	[VIII].
Knight, E. H., classification of cocks and valves,	[347]
Korting injector, pieces composing the, shown in cuts page,	[263]
names of the parts,	[264]
La France steam fire engine pump, ills.,	[134]
des.,	[139]-[141]
Leakage, indications of,	[376]
slight, unimportant,	[373]
Leaks, often the cause of failure in starting a pump,	[371]
Left and right-hand pumps, customary rule for,	[371]
Life of boiler of steam fire engine, how prolonged,	[105]
Lifter of steam injector,	[247]
Lifting valve,	[347]
Lime, carbonate of, in boiler scale,	[328]
Liquid air, des.,	[64]
Liquids under heavy pressure, pump for delivering, ills. and des.,	[154]-[155]
Lobes of rotary pump, ills. and des.,	[209]-[210]
Location for pumps, proper,	[371]
Lombard, Nathaniel, pump governor; note,	[294]
Lubrication, intermittent, to be avoided,	[375]
Lubrication, proper, for packing,	[373]
Magdeburg cups or hemispheres, ills. and des.,	[19]
Magma sugar pump, ills. and des.,	[166]-[167]
Magnesia, carbonate of in boiler scale,	[328]
salt, etc., in water,	[380]
must be removed,	[380]
Main feed pump, uses for the,	[161]
“Manhattan” automatic injector, ills.,	[244]
des.,	[251]
Marine pump, Davidson pattern, ills. and des.,	[156]-[157]
Marine pumps,	[155]-[162]
Ship’s pump,	[155]
“Mariotte’s law”,	[17]
Marks of parts necessary,	[374]
Maslin automatic steam vacuum pump, ills.,	[271]
des.,	[279]
Mason elevator pump pressure regulator, ills. and des.,	[286]-[287]
pump governor, ills. and des.,	[284]-[286]
pump pressure regulator, ills. and des.,	[349]-[350]
steam pump with receiver attached, ills. and des.,	[319]
water reducing valve, ills. and des.,	[351]
“Massachusetts pump,” des.,	[211]
Matter, properties of,	[24]
Measurements of pipe lines, how to be taken, ills.,	[368]
Mechanical boiler cleaners,	[380]
Mercury, inches of, def.,	[31]
Metallic packings, popular and good,	[377]
Meter, water, ills. and des.,	[329]-[332]
Worthington water, ills. and des.,	[330]-[332]
Meteorology, def.,	[179]
Metropolitan double tube injector, ills.,	[248]
des.,	[252]
single tube injector, ills.,	[250]
des.,	[252]
Mine drainage, adaptation of the turbine pump for,	[233]
pump columns, ills. and des.,	[363]
Miner’s inch water measurement, ills.,	[388]
Mining, Cataract steam pump, ills.,	[144]
des.,	[146]
Mining pump, double leather, ills.,	[145]
des.,	[147]
electric, ills., Part One,	[276]
des., Part Two,	[147]
hand-power, ills.,	[145]
des.,	[148]
the Cameron vertical plunger sinking, ills.,	[150]-[151]
des.,	[152]
the “Scranton,” ills. and des.,	[153]-[154]
Mining pumps, des. and ills.,	[145]-[155]
pumps, an advantage of; note,	[152]
note relating to the cost of repairing a half-inch globe valve,	[145]
use of compressed air in,	[71]
Miscellaneous pumps,	[143]-[176]
Molecules, repulsive force of,	[27]
Monitor injector, ills.,	[246]
des.,	[252]
Monkey-wrenches, “knife-handle,” ills. and des.,	[344]
Morris Machine Company’s centrifugal pump, steam-driven, ills. and des.,	[220]-[221]
Mud, 20-inch hydraulic dredge for pumping mud, silt, etc.,	[221]
Mullin’s Automatic controller, ills. and des.,	[352]-[353]
Multi-stage centrifugal pump, ills. and des.,	[223]-[224]
turbine pump, priming of, ills. and des.,	[228]-[229]
Neck-cap of the modern pulsometer, ills. and des.,	[274]
Neck-piece of the modern pulsometer, ills. and des.,	[274]
Newcomen, discovery relating to condensation of steam,	[301]
Nipple-Holder, pipe, ills. and des.,	[341]
Norwalk compound compressor, des. and ills.,	[77]-[78]
standard compressor, ills. and des.,	[56]-[58]
note,	[78]
Nozzles of steam fire engine,	[125]
three types of, in steam injector,	[247]
Nuts and screws must be kept tight,	[374]
Oak-bark, directions for use,	[379]
white, used in boilers,	[379]
Oil-cock, des.,	[367]
Oil, how used in the Cataract steam pump cylinder,	[146]
Oil-pipe lines, pump for,	[155]
tank steamer pump, ills. and des.,	[159]-[161]
Packing, care of,	[372]
economy of, narrow rings,	[372]
for pump plungers,	[373]
for pumps, suitable,	[372]
how to fit,	[372]
must be elastic, never rigid,	[372]
for stuffing boxes, badly proportioned, glands too short,	[372]
to cut square thinner, des. and ills.,	[383]
Paper mills, particularly adapted for use of centrifugal pumps,	[214]
Papin, Denis, inventor, account of,	[211]
historical note,	[64]
Parallel vise,	[341]
Parker, Richard Green, quotation,	[14]
Peerless automatic injector, ills.,	[246]
des.,	[251]
Pelton water wheel,	[60]
Pilot or auxiliary valve, des.,	[348]
Pipe, condenser spray, des.,	[306]
connections, proper arrangements of,	[363]
cutter, ills. and des.,	[338]
fitting, des.,	[359]
freezing of, how prevented, ills. and des.,	[381]
gas and steam, how measured,	[367]
joint, des. and ills.,	[359]-[363]
telescopic, ills. and des.,	[152]
Pipe lines, how measurements are to be taken, ills.,	[368]
lines, steam,	[364]
Pipe, making up a piece of,	[363]
nipple holder, des.,	[341]
originally a musical wind instrument,	[359]
saddles for quick connections into pipes, ills.,	[382]
spanner, ills. and des.,	[344]
stock and die, des.,	[341]
Pipe, suction, should be drained,	[377]
tail, of condenser, ills.,	[312]
thickness of standard,	[399]
Pipe tongs, ills. and des.,	[343]
vise, ills. and des.,	[340]
Pipe, wooden, note relating to,	[364]
wrench, Trimo, ills. and des.,	[343]
advantages and disadvantages of,	[377]
Pipes and fittings, note relating to,	[359]
exposed, precautions against freezing,	[377]
flow of water in cast iron; table,	[394]-[395]
joints and fittings,	[359]-[368]
relative advantages of,	[377]
Pipes, small, rates of discharge; table,	[397]
steam, to properly drain,	[374]
strainers for suction, ills. and des.,	[325]-[328]
Piping of Manhattan and peerless injectors, ills. and des.,	[253]
of high pressure exhaust steam injector, ills. and des.,	[258]
standard, “extra strong,” double extra strong, ills. and des.,	[367]
to remove incrustations from injector,	[254]
Piston, Follower type, how packed,	[383]
Plug pipe, ills.,	[368]
taps, ills. and des.,	[339]
Plugs, drain,	[377]
Plunger, deep well pump, ills. and des.,	[192]
packing, dry, remedy for,	[377]
packing, how to apply,	[373]
water, how packed, des. and ills.,	[383]
Pneumatics,	[15]-[30]
Pneumatic syringe, ills. and des.,	[26]
Pohle, Dr. Julius J., historical note,	[79]
system of elevating liquids, ills. and des.,	[81]-[84]
“Points” relating to the care and management of air compressors,	[61]
Portable drilling machines, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
form of pulsometer and boiler, ills. and des.,	[280]
tool, def.,	[337]
Ports, reducing capacity of, by substances,	[375]
Power of a windmill, what it depends upon,	[190]
wall or post air compressor, ills. and des.,	[72]
Practical Engineer, ills. of air lift pump from,	[89]
Preface,	[IX]
Pressure, atmosphere, surface condenser exerts,	[314]
exerted by gases,	[26]
in pounds for every foot up to 300 ft. height, etc.; Table,	[396]
of air and gases, def.,	[17]
of column of water; Table,	[396]
of the atmosphere, def.,	[16]
Pressure per square inch in pounds; Table,	[396]
reducing valve, ills. and des.,	[349]-[350]
Prime movers, def.,	[181]
Priming methods adopted to suit centrifugal pumps of various designs, ills. and des.,	[228]-[229]
Priming, to start,	[377]
Propeller pump, the wood, ills. and des.,	[172]-[174]
Pulsator,	[269]
Pulsometer, des. and ills.,	[267]-[280]
Pulsometer, action of,	[276]-[277]
a form of vacuum pump,	[269]
and boiler in portable form, ills. and des.,	[280]
arrangements of, for emptying vats or tanks, ills. and des.,	[278]
historical,	[269]
important points to be attended to; note,	[279]
Pulsometer, suggestions relative to placing of the pump; note,	[273]
the modern, ills. and des.,	[270]-[273]
the original, ills. and des.,	[268]-[271]
the principal parts of, des. and ills.,	[277]
Pump, air, Dean Brothers’ twin cylinder, ills. and des.,	[46]-[50]
air lift, ills. and des.,	[79]-[90]
Pump, American, driving mechanism of, ills. and des.,	[93], [98]
and governor, des. and ills.,	[317]-[319]
Buffalo centrifugal, ills. and des.,	[223]
centrifugal, diagram of right and left-hand methods of discharge,	[225]
centrifugal, four-stage, ills. and des.,	[224]
multi-stage, ills. and des.,	[223]-[224]
vertical, submerged type of, ills. and des.,	[222]-[223]
Pump, circulating, des.,	[32]
columns, mine, ills. and des.,	[363]
Conover vacuum, ills. and des.,	[50]-[53]
Corcoran double action suction force pump, ills. and des.,	[185]-[186]
Davidson, marine, ills. and des.,	[156]-[157]
Dean single vertical sinking, ills.,	[148]
Dean vacuum, ills. and des.,	[42]-[43]
deep well, working barrel of,	[192]
Pump, difference between a hand pump and a windmill pump,	[187]
Pump, Edwards’ air, ills. and des.,	[53]-[55]
ejector, as a form of,	[259]
Eve’s rotary, des. and ills.,	[196]-[197]
Pump, failure in starting, cause,	[371]
for salt water evaporator and distiller, ills. and des.,	[168]
Pump, gas-fitter’s air proving, def. and ills.,	[29]
Gould’s rotary, ills.,	[194]
des.,	[199]
Pump governor, Mason, ills. and des.,	[284]-[286]
Nathaniel Lombard, note,	[294]
utility, combination, des. and ills.,	[296]
Pump governors, Carr steam, ills. and des.,	[288]-[291]
hand oil, desirable,	[375]
“Hessian Suck,” des.,	[211]
hydraulic gauge test, ills. and des.,	[163]
Pumping water, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
“Isochronal,” def.,	[147]
Maslin automatic steam vacuum, ills.,	[271]
des.,	[279]
“Massachusetts,” des.,	[211]
mining, hand-power, ills.,	[145]
des.,	[148]
Pump of the Silsby steam fire engine,	[113]
portable fire air,	[29]
Quimby screw, ills. and des.,	[174]-[176]
Root’s rotary, ills. and des.,	[209]
Pump speed governors, ills. and des.,	[281]-[394]
steam fire engine, ills. and des.,	[91]-[142]
American, ills.,	[132], [133]
des.,	[138]-[139]
La France, ills.,	[134]
des.,	[139]-[141]
syphon, ills. and des.,	[188], [265]
as attached to steam fire engine, ills.,	[93]
the “Ballast,” ills. and des.,	[159]-[161]
the Cameron vertical plunger sinking, ills.,	[150]-[151]
des.,	[152]
the Deane sugar-house, ills. and des.,	[164]-[165]
the “Doctor” independent pump, ills. and des.,	[161]-[162]
the injector can be used as a,	[249]
the jet, ill. and des.,	[261]
the Magna sugar, ills. and des.,	[166]-[167]
the “Scranton” mining, ills. and des.,	[153]-[154]
the ship’s,	[155]
Taber rotary,	[200]-[202]
Pumps, air and vacuum, ills. and des.,	[31]
air pressure, ills. and des.,	[90]
ammonia or acid, ills. and des.,	[171]
auxiliary feed, often duplicated,	[161]
Byron Jackson Machine Company’s turbine,	[236]-[242]
Pumps, centrifugal, ills. and des.,	[211]-[230]
circulating, ills.,	[219]
des.,	[168]
directions for erecting and running,	[226]-[228]
fire, Holyoke pattern of rotary,	[203]
Pumps, marine,	[155]-[162]
methods of priming centrifugal pumps,	[228]-[229]
Pumps, mining,	[145]-[155]
an advantage of, note,	[152]
Pumps, miscellaneous,	[143]-[176]
of steam fire engine, des. and ills.,	[100], [106], [107]
operation of large dredging,	[210]
rotary and centrifugal,	[193]-[229]
Pumps, rotary, ills. and des.,	[194]-[210]
impellers or pistons of, ills. and des.,	[196]
used for pumping thick stuff,	[165]
Pumps, sinking, des. and ills.,	[148]
“sugar-house”,	[165]-[167]
Taber rotary,	[200]-[202]
turbine,	[230]-[242]
vacuum, single and cross compound double acting,	[37]-[39]
vacuum, table of arrangement of valves,	[41]
wind power, ills. and des.,	[185]-[192]
Pump, the wood propeller, ills. and des.,	[172]-[174]
the Worthington pressure, ills. and des.,	[154]-[155]
the Worthington “wrecking” pump, ills. and des.,	[157]-[159]
vacuum, Worthington vertical beam, ills. and des.,	[44]-[45]
Pump, vertical, of the Clapp & Jones steam fire engine,	[118]
windmill, operation of,	[187]
Purification of water effected by the air lift pump,	[87]
Purifying water,	[379]
Quimby screw pump, ills. and des.,	[174]-[176]
Raising sunken vessels, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
“Rarefaction,” def.,	[18]
“Rarefied,” def.,	[18]
Ratchet drill, ills. and des.,	[338]
Rates of discharge of small pipes; Table,	[397]
Reamer, ills. and des.,	[339]
Receiver, use of,	[317]
Dean, Mason and Worthington steam pumps with receiver attached, des. and ills.,	[318]-[319]
Receiving reservoir, def.,	[322]
Rectangular surface condenser, the “Admiralty,” des.,	[303]
Refrigerating and ice making, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
Regulator, Mason elevator pump pressure, ills. and des.,	[286]-[287]
Relieved cylinders, how to proceed,	[383]
Remedy for air-bound pumps,	[371]
Reservoir, def.,	[322]
distributing, def.,	[322]
receiving, def.,	[322]
Reynolds-Corliss type, valve gear of,	[67]
Right and left-hand pumps, how determined,	[371]
Rings, how to cut to size,	[373]
pattern, to be on hand,	[383]
Riveters, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
Root’s large rotary pump for dredging purposes, ills. and des.,	[208]-[210]
Rotary and centrifugal pumps,	[193]-[229]
pump driven by steam used for fire purposes, des.,	[205]
ills.,	[206]-[207]
Holyoke pattern,	[203]
lobes of, ills. and des.,	[209]-[210]
type used by the Silsby fire engine designers; sliding abutment of rotary pump, des.,	[199]
ills. and des.,	[194]-[210]
how divided into classes,	[196]
impellers or pistons of, ills. and des.,	[196]
speed of,	[174]
Rotary steam fire engine, Silsby, des. and ills.,	[113]
valve,	[347]
Rules for approximately determining the size of a windmill to use in pumping,	[190]
for obtaining the contents of a barrel in gallons,	[324]
for setting of Deane vacuum pump valves,	[43]
to govern the actions, etc., of injectors,	[253]-[254]
Saddles, how attached to pipes, des.,	[382]
pipe, substitute for tees,	[382]
Sal soda, use of,	[380]
Salts, magnesia, etc., in water,	[380]
Salt water evaporator and distiller, pump for, ills. and des.,	[168]
Root’s large rotary pump for salt water service,	[210]
Sampson windmill, des.,	[190]
Sand blasts, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
large rotary pump for,	[210]
or heavy material for pumping, speed of pump to be increased,	[219]
Santovio of Padua, Italy, inventor of the pulsometer,	[269]
Savery, Thomas, pump, when patented, ills. and des.,	[268]-[271]
“Scranton” mining pump, ills. and des.,	[153]-[154]
Screw pump, Quimby, ills. and des.,	[174]-[176]
Schutte & Koerting Co., combined throttle and quick closing trip valve,	[348]
condenser plant, revised by, ills. and des.,	[310]
Second steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Self-closing cock, des.,	[347]
Self-propelled steam fire engines, Amoskeag pattern,	[142]
Separators, necessary,	[374]
Setting and operating of the Taber pumps,	[200]-[202]
Ship’s ballast tank, def.,	[322]
pump, the,	[155]
pump, the “Donkey,” des.,	[161]
Shop tools of all kinds, use of compressed air in, des.,	[57]
Siamese connection for stand pipes,	[138]
Sight feed cup, automatic in its operation,	[375]
proper place for,	[375]
when to fill,	[376]
Sight feed, oil cups recommended,	[375]
Silsby rotary steam fire engine, des. and ills.,	[113]
Sinking caissons and driving tunnels through silt and soft earth, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
Sinking or station pump, adaptation of the turbine pump for,	[233]
des. and ills.,	[148]
Deane single vertical, ills.,	[138]
des.,	[149]
Size of rings to use,	[373]
Sleeve coupling, ills. and des.,	[367]
Slide valve,	[347]
Slippage, def., causes of,	[384]
Socket wrench, interchangeable, ills. and des.,	[344]
Spanner, ills. and des.,	[344]
Speed controlling device, style A, Mason pump, method of operating, ills. and des.,	[288]
Speed governor for water wheels, Holyoke improved, ills. and des.,	[291]-[294]
pump governors, ills. and des.,	[281]-[294]
Spray pipe and nozzle, ills.,	[312]
Spring valve,	[347]
Sprinkler, inside boiler to scatter particles that would otherwise form scale,	[380]
Square packings, advantages of,	[372]
“Staggered” tube system used in steam fire engine,	[104]
Standard pipe sizes, ills.,	[367]
Starting a pump, precautions in,	[371]
Steam and air, relative space occupied by,	[378]
boiler, feed water impurities, des.,	[327]
cock, des.,	[347]
cylinders, engines and pumps synonymous, require the same lubrication,	[375]
driven centrifugal pump, Morris Machine Company’s, ills. and des.,	[220]-[221]
end of air and vacuum pumps,	[35]
Steam fire engine, ills. and des.,	[91]-[142]
auxiliary appliances and supplies,	[99]
“crane necked,” frame for,	[141]
Fox boiler, des. and ills.,	[101]-[103]
historical notes and ills.,	[92]-[99]
inner and outer tube system, des.,	[104]
instructions and suggestions,	[129], [131], [135]-[137]
nozzles,	[125]
parts of,	[99]
pumps, des. and ills.,	[106], [107]
pumps, piston rods, exhaust, coal box, etc.,	[100], [101]
self-propelled, Amoskeag pattern,	[142]
stationary heater for, des.,	[105]
suction strainers of, des. and ills.,	[109]
table of effective fire streams for,	[117]
“thaw-pipe” connected to,	[123]
the Ahrens,	[126]
Steam fire engine pump, the American, ills.,	[132], [133]
des.,	[138]-[139]
the Amoskeag, ills.,	[107], [128]
des.,	[141]-[142]
the boiler, des.,	[99]
the Clapp & Jones,	[118]
the La France, ills.,	[134]
des.,	[139]-[141]
Steam fire engine, the Silsby rotary, des. and ills.,	[113]
appurtenances belonging to,	[111]
Siamese connections for,	[138]
valve motion of, des.,	[110]
Steam induction condenser, exhaust, des. and ills.,	[308]
Steam injector, exhaust, ills. and des.,	[255]-[256]
injectors, three distinct types of,	[247]
mains, bracket for supporting of, ills. and des.,	[364]-[365]
materials for making,	[364]
pipe lines,	[364]
the proper anchoring and supporting of, ills. and des.,	[365]
to properly drain,	[374]
Steam pump, Deane automatic duplex, ills. and des.,	[318]-[319]
Steam shovel of service in raising material,	[222]
trap, des.,	[333]-[334]
Steam, utilizing of exhaust; note,	[35]
Stems valve, in suction must not leak,	[374]
Stock and die pipe, ills. and des.,	[341]
Stop-cock, des.,	[347]
Stopping at night, precautions for,	[377]
Stop valve, necessity of,	[371]
Stover Manufacturing Company, makers of the Sampson windmill,	[190]
Strainers for suction pipes of steam fire engines,	[138]
for suction water pipes, ills. and des.,	[325]-[328]
suction, of steam fire engine, des. and ills.,	[109]
Stress on bolts,	[399]
Stuffing boxes, failure under high pressure, cause,	[375]
pump end, how lubricated,	[375]
Submerged type of centrifugal vertical pump, ills. and des.,	[222]-[223]
Suction hose for the steam fire engine, how fitted and carried,	[111]
Suction pipe should be drained,	[377]
pipes, strainers for, ills. and des.,	[325]-[328]
strainers of steam fire engines, des. and ills.,	[109]
valves must be well packed,	[374]
“Sugar-house” pumps,	[165]-[167]
pump, the Deane, ills. and des.,	[164]-[165]
Sugar, action of in boilers,	[379]
no action on copper, tin, lead and aluminum,	[379]
Suggestions how to find the trouble in starting a pump,	[371]
Sulphates deposited in order, des.,	[380]
Surface condenser,	[32], [303], [313]
extent of a,	[28]
Swivel bench vise, ills. and des.,	[340]
Syphon pump, des. and ills.,	[188]
Syringe, Pneumatic, ills., and des.,	[26]
Taber pumps, directions for settling and operating,	[200]-[202]
Table of analysis of average boiler scale,	[328]
arrangement of valves for air and vacuum pumps,	[41]
average hourly velocity of the wind in the U. S.,	[183]
Bliss-Heath dimensions and capacities of atmospheric pumps,	[171]
bolt circles of standard pipe flanges,	[399]
Table of capacities at varying heights above sea level,	[74]
capacities, etc., of the universal double tube injector,	[264]
and pipe sizes of sugar-house pumps,	[167]
for 20-inch hydraulic dredge,	[221]
of “Ballast” pump,	[161]
of Boggs & Clarke hydraulic dredging pump,	[218]
of Davidson marine pump,	[157]
of Deane single sugar-house pump,	[165]
of injectors,	[252]
of tanks and cisterns,	[324]
of the Deane single vertical sinking pump,	[149]
of Worthington “wrecking” pump,	[159]
Table of classification of steam fire engines,	[93]
of Contents,	[XI].
of contents of cylinders in cubic feet for each foot of depth,	[398]
Table of diameters of cisterns in decimals of a foot,	[398]
dimensions of noiseless water heater,	[266]
of the Bordo blow-off valve,	[356]
of water pressure ejector,	[266]
Table of discharge per minute under given heads,	[392]-[393]
of effective fire streams,	[117]
of flow of water in cast iron pipes,	[394]-[395]
Table of flow of water over Weir Dam,	[391]
friction heads at given rates,	[394]-[395]
friction heads in small pipes,	[397]
friction, loss in pounds pressure,	[392]-[393]
rates of discharge of small pipes,	[397]
parts of the “Imperial” air compressor,	[70]
pressure in pounds for every foot up to 300 ft. height, etc.,	[396]
Table of pressure of column of water, per square inch in pounds,	[396]
of sizes, capacity, etc., of the Cataract steam pump,	[147]
of sizes, etc., of the “Blake” compressor,	[73]
sizes and capacities of ejectors,	[259]
Table of standard sizes of flanges,	[399]
test of air and vacuum pumps,	[41]
velocity of flow in pipes,	[392]-[393]
Tables and data,	[387]-[400]
dimensions and capacities of the Quimby screw pump,	[176]
pressure and temperature of the peerless injector,	[251]
relating to the sizes and capacities of pumping mills,	[189]-[190]
Tail pipe of condenser, ills.,	[312]
“Take-off” ring of Fox boiler, des. and ills.,	[103]
Tank, def. of,	[321]
ball cock, operation of, ills. and des.,	[320]
closed pressure, ills. and des.,	[321]-[323]
feeding into top or bottom,	[373]
graduated, def.,	[322]
hoops, lugs and lock nut nipples, important parts of,	[323]
needed strength of a,	[323]
valves,	[323]
Tanks and cisterns,	[188], [321]-[324]
table of capacity for,	[324]
arrangements of pulsometer for emptying, ills. and des.,	[278]
computation for finding weight of,	[324]
foundations for,	[323]
Tanneries, particularly adapted for use in centrifugal pump,	[214]
Tap, ills. and des.,	[339]
“Tapping,” des. of process,	[339]
Tapping iron furnaces, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
Tee, beaded malleable iron, ills. and des.,	[367]
malleable iron, ills. and des.,	[363]
pipe, ills.,	[368]
Telescopic pipe joint, ills. and des.,	[152]
Temperature of gases,	[28]
Ten thousand horse power turbine wheel, ills.,	[IV]
Test pump, hydraulic gauge, ills. and des.,	[163]
“Thaw-pipe” connected to Clapp & Jones steam fire engine,	[123]
Theoretical operations of air compressors,	[63]
Theory of air lift,	[80]
Thermometer, des.,	[18]
Thick stuff, the handling of, des.,	[165]
Third steam fire engine, capacity and weight of,	[93]
Three-way cock, des.,	[347]
Throttle and quick closing trip valve, ills.,	[336]
des.,	[348]
valve, automatic, for boiler feed pump, ills. and des.,	[352]-[353]
Thud, causes of, in pumps,	[375]
Tire air pump,	[29]
Tongs, chain,	[343]
pipe, ills. and des.,	[343]
Tools, def.,	[337]
valves and piping,	[335]-[356]
Towers, cooling, des.,	[33]
Transmitting messages through pneumatic tubes, use of compressed air in, des.,	[59]
Trap, Anderson steam, des. and ills.,	[332]-[333]
steam, des.,	[333]-[334]
Trimo pipe wrench, ills. and des.,	[343]
Try-cock, des.,	[347]
Tub, des.,	[323]
Tube of condenser, ills. and des.,	[305]
Tubing, including boiler tubes, how measured,	[367]
Turbine pump, multi-stage, how primed, ills. and des.,	[228]
Turbine pump, space occupied by; note,	[233]
pumps,	[230]-[242]
Byron Jackson Machine Company’s,	[236]-[242]
Turbine wheel, ten thousand horse power, ills.,	IV
Two-stage or compounded compression,	[74]-[75]
Union, Dart, ills. and des.,	[367]
flange, ills. and des.,	[363]
pipe, ills.,	[368]
Universal double tube injector, ills.,	[262]
des.,	[264]
Uses of compressed air,	[57]
Utilities and attachments,	[315]-[334]
Utility, def. of,	[317]
Vacuum, def.,	[31]
des.,	[299]
chamber necessary for high lifts,	[374]
remedy for pounding,	[374]
gauge, why graduated in inches; note,	[21]
pumps, single and cross compound double acting,	[37]-[39]
table of arrangement of valves,	[41]
table of test,	[41]
synonymous with air,	[373]
the Conover condenser, ills. and des.,	[50]-[53]
the Deane, ills. and des.,	[42]-[43]
the Edwards, ills. and des.,	[53]-[55]
the Maslin automatic steam, ills.,	[271]
des.,	[279]
the Worthington vertical beam, ills. and des.,	[44]-[45]
Valve, def.,	[347]
automatic throttle, for boiler feed pump, ills. and des.,	[352]-[353]
auxiliary or pilot, des.,	[348]
Bordo blow-off, ills. and des.,	[354]-[355]
churn, for feeding the steam fire engine, des.,	[111]
connection of,	[346]
Valve for Carr steam pump governors, ills. and des.,	[290]-[291]
gear of the Clapp & Jones Village Engine,	[122]
of the Reynolds-Corliss type,	[67]
heart created on the principles of,	[347]
hinged,	[347]
inverted-cup,	[347]
key,	[347]
lifting,	[347]
Mason water reducing, ills. and des.,	[351]
Valve motion of steam fire engines, des.,	[110]
pressure reducing, ills. and des.,	[349]-[350]
rotary,	[347]
slide,	[347]
spring,	[347]
throttle and quick closing trip, ills.,	[336]
des.,	[348]
clogging of, remedy,	[375]
“Corcoran” tank,	[323]
lift of, important for high pressures,	[375]
names, how derived,	[347]
Valves of an air compressor, how operated by mechanical means,	[65]
rule for setting of Deane vacuum pump,	[43]
several classes of,	[347]
suction, must be well packed,	[374]
Vat, des.,	[323]
“Van Duzen’s steam jet pump”; note,	[260]
Vapor, def.,	[16]
Velocity, average of the wind for the U. S.,	[182]
of flow in pipes; Table,	[392]-[393]
water entering suction,	[378]
water in discharge pipes,	[378]
relative, of water in large and small pipes,	[378]
Vertical duplex compressor,	[64]-[71]
pump of four-stage turbine, ills.,	[238]
des.,	[241]
Vise, pipe, ills. and des.,	[340]
swivel bench, ills. and des.,	[340]
“Volute,” def. of,	[211]
centrifugal pump, the Worthington, why so named, des.,	[229]
centrifugals, des.,	[229]
Volz combination of condenser and feed-water heater, ills. and des.,	[304], [305], [306]
Water “Ballast” pump, des. and ills.,	[160]
Barometer, how made,	[31]
cock, des.,	[347]
contamination of, to be prevented,	[375]
Weir Dam measurement, des. and ills.,	[390]
Water, discharge per minute under given heads; Table,	[392]
expansion of, by freezing,	[381]
Miner’s Inch, flow of,	[388]
Waterhammer, prevention of, ills. and des.,	[381]
Water heater, noiseless, ills. and des.,	[265]-[266]
meter, ills. and des.,	[329]-[332]
to read the dial of a, ills.,	[332]
Worthington, ills. and des.,	[330]-[332]
Water, open stream measurement,	[390]
penetrating force of, under high pressure,	[381]
plunger, how packed, des. and ills.,	[383]
pressure ejector, ills. and des.,	[266]
pressure of column of; Table,	[396]
purifying of,	[379]
reducing valve, Mason, ills. and des.,	[351]
relative velocity of, in large and small pipes,	[378]
velocity of, in discharge pipes,	[378]
Water wheels, Holyoke improved speed governors for, ills. and des.,	[291]-[294]
Turbine, ills.,	[IV]
Water works, mine drainage, adaptation of the turbine pump for,	[233]
Wear of parts, inspections necessary,	[374]
Weather bureaus, table of the average hourly velocity of wind in the U. S.,	[183]
Weight of gases, def.,	[26]
Well heads, three styles of, des. and ills.,	[86]-[87]
Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., 75-H. P. induction motor,	[241]
Wheeler Condenser and Engineering Co., referred to,	[306]
Windmill governor, ills. and des.,	[188]
pump, des.,	[187]
operation of,	[187]
rules for approximately determining the size of,	[190]
as a prime mover,	[182]
Windmills, note relating to,	[183]
the Corcoran, ills. and des.,	[184]-[186]
Windmill, the power of, upon what it depends,	[190]
Windmotors, why so named,	[187]
power pumps ills. and des.,	[185], [192]
power as a source of energy,	[181]
Wind produced by gravitation,	[180]
average velocity of, for the U. S.,	[182]
Wooden pipe, note relating to,	[364]
Wood propeller pump, the, ills. and des.,	[172]-[174]
Working, improper, to find cause of,	[375]
Worthington centrifugal pumps divided into Conoidal, Volute and Turbine, des.,	[229]
condensing apparatus, operation of,	[307]
duplex steam pump with receiver attached, ills. and des.,	[319]
pressure pump, the, ills. and des.,	[154]-[155]
turbine pump, ills. and des.,	[230]
vertical beam vacuum pump, ills. and des.,	[44]-[45]
water meter, ills. and des.,	[330]-[332]
“wrecking” pump the, ills. and des.,	[157]-[159]
“Wrecking” pump, ills. and des.,	[157]-[159]
Wrench, def.,	[345]
monkey, ills. and des.,	[344]
interchangeable socket, ills. and des.,	[344]
single-ended, double-ended, open-ended, box-wrench, des.,	[345]
Trimo pipe, ills. and des.,	[343]
Zinc, attacked strongly by sugar,	[379]

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