The Illustrated Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Physiology

by O. S. Fowler; L. N. Fowler

ANALYSIS AND COMBINATIONS OF THE FACULTIES

1. AMATIVENESS.

No. 45. Large.		No. 46. Small.

Conjugal love; attachment to the opposite sex; desire to love, be loved, and marry; adapted to perpetuate the race. It causes those mutual attractions which exist between the sexes; creates love; induces marriage; eventuates in offspring; renders woman winning, persuasive, urbane, affectionate, loving, and lovely; and develops all the feminine charms and graces; and makes man noble in feeling and bearing; elevated in aspiration; tender and bland in manner; affectionate toward woman; pure in feeling; highly susceptible to female charms; and clothes him with that dignity, power, and persuasiveness, which accompanies the masculine. Perverted, it occasions a grossness and vulgarity in expression and action; licentiousness in all its forms; a feverish state of mind; and depraves all the other propensities; treats the other sex merely as a minister to passion; now caressing, and now abusing them; and renders the love-feeling every way gross, animal, and depraved.

Large.—Is strongly attracted toward the opposite sex; admires and loves their beauty and excellencies; easily wins their affectionate regards, or kindles their love; has many warm friends, if not admirers, among them; loves young and powerfully, and wields a potent influence for good or evil over the destinies of its subject, according as it is well or ill placed; with Adhesiveness and Union for Life large, will mingle pure friendship with devoted love; cannot flourish alone, but must have its matrimonial mate, with whom it will be capable of becoming perfectly identified, and whom it will invest with almost superhuman perfections, by magnifying their charms and overlooking their defects; in the sunshine of whose love it will be perfectly happy, but proportionally miserable without it; with Ideality and the mental temperament large, will experience a fervor and intensity of first love, amounting almost to ecstacy or romance; can marry those only who combine refinement of manners with correspondingly strong attachments; with Philoprogenitiveness and Benevolence also large, will be eminently qualified to enjoy the domestic relations; to be happy in home, and render home happy; with Inhabitiveness also large, will set a high value on house and place, long to return home when absent, and consider family and children as the greatest treasures of its being; with large Conscientiousness, will keep the marriage relations inviolate, and regard unfaithfulness as the greatest of sins; with Combativeness large, will defend the objects of its love with great spirit, and resent powerfully any indignity offered to them; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy eating with the family dearly; with Approbativeness large, cannot endure to be blamed by those it loves; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express love guardedly, and much less than it experiences; but with Secretiveness small, will show, in every look and action, the full, unveiled feeling of the mind; with Firmness and Self-Esteem large, will sustain interrupted love with fortitude, yet suffer much damage of mind and health therefrom; but with Self-Esteem moderate, will feel crushed and broken down by disappointment; with the moral faculties predominant, can love those only whose moral tone is pure and elevated; with predominant Ideality, and only average intellectual faculties, will prefer those who are showy and gay, to those who are sensible yet less beautiful; but with Ideality less than the intellectual and moral organs, will prefer those who are substantial and valuable more than showy; with Mirthfulness, Time, and Tune, will love dancing, lively society, etc.: p. 57.

Very Large.—Confers the strongest possible inclination to love; exercises an absolute influence over character and conduct; must always have a congenial spirit whom to love, and by whom to be loved; is capable of the highest order of love, and is proportionally beautified thereby; can love with complete devotedness, even under unfavorable circumstances, and has a most important element for conjugal happiness and a matrimonial partner; its combinations will be somewhat the same as those under Amativeness large, allowance being made for the increased power of this faculty: p. 58.

Full.—Possesses rather strong susceptibilities of love, and conjugal affinity and unity to a congenial spirit; is capable of much purity, intensity, and cordiality of love; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, will render good service in the family; with Secretiveness large, will manifest less love than it feels, and show little in promiscuous society; with a highly susceptible temperament, will experience great intensity of love, and evince a good degree of masculine or feminine excellence: p. 59.

Average.—Is capable of fair sexual attachments, and conjugal love, provided it is properly placed and fully called out; experiences a greater or less degree of love in proportion to its activity; renders the son quite attached to mother and sisters, and fond of female society, and endowed with a fair share of the masculine element, yet not remarkable for its perfection, makes woman quite winning and attractive, yet not particularly susceptible to love; renders the daughter fond of father and brothers, and desirous of the society of men, yet not extremely so; and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under favorable circumstances; combined with an ardent temperament, and large Adhesiveness and Ideality, gives a pure and platonic cast of love, yet cannot assimilate with a coarse temperament or a dissimilar Phrenology; is refined, and faithful, yet has more friendship than passion; can love those only who are just to its liking; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express less love than it feels, and that equivocally and by piecemeal, nor then till its loved one is fully committed; with Cautiousness, Approbativeness and Veneration large, and Self-Esteem small, will be diffident in promiscuous society, yet enjoy the company of a select few of the opposite sex; with Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscientiousness large, and Self-Esteem small, will be kind and affectionate in the family, yet not particularly fond of caressing or being caressed; and will do much to make family happy, yet will manifest less fondness and tenderness; with Order, Approbativeness, and Ideality large, will seek in a companion personal neatness and polish of manners; with full intellectual and moral faculties, will base its conjugal attachments in the higher qualities of the affections, rather than their personal attractiveness or strength of passion; but with a commonplace temperament, and not so full moral and intellectual faculties, will be an indifferent companion: p. 56.

Moderate.—Will be rather deficient, though not palpably so in the love element; show little desire to caress or be caressed; will love the mental excellences of the other sex more than personal beauty, and find it difficult to sympathize with a conjugal partner, unless the natural harmony between the parties is well-nigh perfect; cares less for marriage, and could live an unmarried life without inconvenience; can love but once, and should marry only the first love, because the love-principle will not be sufficiently strong to overcome the difficulties incident to a second love, or the want of a congenial companion, and find more pleasure in other things than in the matrimonial relations; with an excitable temperament, will experience greater warmth and ardor, than depth and uniformity of love; with Approbativeness large, will soon become alienated from a lover by rebukes and fault-finding; with Adhesiveness and the moral and intellectual faculties large, can become strongly attached to those who are highly moral and intellectual, yet experiences no affinity for any other, and to be happy in marriage, must base it in the higher faculties: p. 59.

Small.—Feels little conjugal or sexual love, and desire to marry; is cold, coy, distant, and reserved toward the other sex; experiences but little of the beautifying and elevating influence of love, and should not marry, because incapable of appreciating its relations and making a companion happy: p. 59.

Very Small.—Is passively continent, and almost destitute of love: p. 60.

2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.

No. 47. Large.		No. 48. Small.

Parental love; attachment to one’s own offspring; love of children, pets, and animals generally, especially those young or small; adapted to that infantile condition in which man enters the world, and to children’s need of parental care and education. This faculty renders children the richest treasure of their parents; casts into the shade all the toil and expense they cause, and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or distance tears them asunder. It is much larger in woman than in man; and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of infants. Perverted, it spoils children by excessive fondness, pampering, and humoring.

Large.—Loves its own children devotedly; values them above all price; cheerfully endures toil and watching for their sake; forbears with their faults; wins their love; delights to play with them, and cheerfully sacrifices to promote their interests; with Continuity large, mourns long and incessantly over their loss; with Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem large, is kind, yet insists on being obeyed; with Self-Esteem and Destructiveness moderate, is familiar with, and liable to be ruled by them; with Firmness only average, fails to manage them with a steady hand; with Cautiousness large, suffers extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger; with large moral and intellectual organs, and less Combativeness and Destructiveness, governs them more by moral suasion than physical force—by reason than fear—is neither too strict nor over-indulgent; with Approbativeness large, values their moral character as of the utmost importance; with Veneration and Conscientiousness large, is particularly interested in their moral improvement; with large excitability, Combativeness, and Destructiveness, and only average Firmness, will be, by turns, too indulgent, and over-provoked—will pet them one minute, and punish them the next; with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than intellect, will educate them more for show than usefulness—more fashionably than substantially—and dress them off in the extreme of fashion; with a large and active brain, large moral and intellectual faculties, and Firmness, and only full Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem, is well calculated to teach and manage the young. It renders farmers fond of stock, dogs, etc., and women fond of birds, lap-dogs, etc.; girls fond of dolls, and boys of being among horses and cattle; and creates a general interest in young and small animals: p. 62.

Very Large.—Experiences the feeling above described with still greater intensity and power; almost idolizes its children, grieves immeasurably at their loss, and, with large Continuity, refuses to be comforted; with very large Benevolence and only moderate Destructiveness, cannot bear to see them punished, and, with only moderate Causality, is liable to spoil them by over-indulgence; with large Approbativeness added, indulges parental vanity and conceit; with large Cautiousness and disordered nerves, is always cautioning them, and indulges a world of groundless apprehensions about them with Acquisitiveness moderate, makes them many presents, and lavishes money upon them, but with large Acquisitiveness lays up fortunes for them; with large moral and intellectual organs, is indulgent, yet loves them too well to spoil them, and does his utmost to cultivate their higher faculties, etc.,: p. 63.

Full.—Loves its children well, yet not passionately—does much for them, yet not more than is necessary—and with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem, is too severe, and makes but little allowance for their faults; but with Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Conscientiousness large, does and sacrifices much, to supply their wants and render them happy. Its character, however, will be mainly determined by its combinations: p. 63.

Average.—Loves its own children tolerably well, yet cares but little for those of others; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, likes them better as they grow older, yet does and cares little for infants—is not duly tender to them, or forbearing toward their faults, and should cultivate parental fondness, especially if Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem are large, and conscience only moderate: p. 61.

Moderate.—Is not fond enough of children; cannot bear much from them; fails to please or take good care of them, particularly of infants; cannot endure to hear them cry, or make a noise, or disturb his things; and with an excitable temperament, and large Combativeness, is liable to punish them for trifling offences, find much fault with them, and be sometimes cruel; yet, with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, may do what is necessary for their comfort: p. 64.

Small.—Cares little for its own children, and still less for those of others; and with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, is liable to treat them unkindly and harshly, and is utterly unqualified to have charge of them: p. 64.

Very Small.—Has little or no perceptible parental love, or regard for children, but conducts toward them as the other faculties dictate: p. 64.

3. ADHESIVENESS.

Friendship; social feeling; love of society; desire to congregate, associate, visit, seek company, entertain friends, form and reciprocate attachments, and indulge friendly feelings. When perverted, it forms attachments for the low, vulgar, or vicious, and leads to bad company. Adapted to man’s requisition for concert of action, co-partnership, combination, and community of feeling and interest, and is a leading element of his social relations.

Large.—Is a warm, cordial, ardent friend; readily forms friendships, and attracts friendly regards in return; must have society of some kind; with Benevolence large, is hospitable, and delights to entertain friends; with Alimentiveness large, loves the social banquet, and sets the best before friends; with Approbativeness large, sets the world by their commendation, but is terribly cut by their rebukes; with the moral faculties large, seeks the society of the moral and elevated, and can enjoy the friendship of no others; with the intellectual faculties large, seeks the friendship of the intelligent; with Language large, and Secretiveness small, talks freely in company; and with Mirthfulness and Ideality also large, is full of fun, and gives a lively, jocose turn to conversation, yet is elevated and refined; with Self-Esteem large, leads off in company, and gives tone and character to others; but with Self-Esteem small, receives character from friends, and, with Imitation large, is liable to copy their faults as well as virtues; with Cautiousness, Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, is apt to be jealous of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in its choice of friends—having a few that are select, rather than many that are common-place; with large Causality and Comparison, loves philosophical conversation, literary societies, etc.; and is every way social and companionable: p. 65.

Very Large.—Loves friends with tenderness, and intense friendship, and will sacrifice almost any thing for their sake; with Amativeness large, is susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love, yet bases that love primarily in friendship; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, defends friends with great spirit, and resents and retaliates their injuries; with Self-Esteem moderate, takes character from associates; with Acquisitiveness moderate, allows friends the free use of its purse but with Acquisitiveness large, will do, more than give; with Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquisitiveness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification; with Self-Esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or nothing; but with only average Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem, large Approbativeness, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Ideality, Marvellousness, and reasoning organs, will have many friends, and but few enemies—be amiable and universally beloved; with large Eventuality and Language, will remember, with vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of social cheer, and friendly converse; with large reasoning organs, will give good advice to friends, and lay excellent plans for them; with smaller Secretiveness and large moral organs, will not believe ill of friends, and dreads the interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities, and willingly makes any sacrifice required by friendship, and evinces a perpetual flow of that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others, which this faculty inspires: p. 65.

Full.—Makes a sociable, companionable, warm-hearted friend, who will sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions; with large or very large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, Approbativeness and Acquisitiveness, will serve self first, and friends afterward; form attachments, and break them, when they conflict with the stronger faculties; with large Secretiveness, and moderate Conscientiousness, will be double-faced, and profess more friendship than possess; with Benevolence large, will cheerfully aid friends, yet it will be more from sympathy than affection; will have a few warm friends, yet only few, but perhaps many speaking acquaintances; and with the higher faculties generally large, will be a true, good friend, yet by no means enthusiastic; many of the combinations under Adhesiveness large, apply to it when full, due allowance being made for its diminished power: p. 66.

Average.—Is capable of tolerably strong friendships, yet their character is determined by the larger faculties; enjoys present friends, yet sustains their absence; with large Acquisitiveness, places business before friends, and sacrifices them whenever they conflict with money-making; with Benevolence large, is more kind than affectionate, relishes friends, yet sacrifices no great deal for their sake; with Amativeness large, loves the presence of the other sex more than their minds, and experiences less conjugal love than animal passion; with Approbativeness large, breaks friendships when ridiculed or rebuked, and with Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness only average, cannot be trusted as a friend: p. 64.

Moderate.—Loves society somewhat, and forms a few, but only few attachments, and these only partial; has more speaking acquaintances than intimate friends; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is easily offended with friends, and seldom retains them long; with large Benevolence, will bestow services, and, with moderate Acquisitiveness, money, more readily than affection; and with the selfish faculties strong, takes care of self first, and makes friendship subservient to interest: p. 67.

Small.—Thinks and cares little for friends; dislikes copartnership; is cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish; takes little delight in company, but prefers to be alone; has few friends, and, with large selfish faculties, many enemies, and manifests too little of this faculty to exert a perceptible influence upon character: p. 67.

Very Small.—Is a perfect stranger to friendship: p. 67.

A. UNION FOR LIFE.

Attachment to ONE, and BUT ONE conjugal partner for life. Adapted to the pairing principle in man and animals, and is located between Adhesiveness and Amativeness. Some birds, such as geese, eagles, robins, etc., pair for life, and remain true to their connubial attachment; while hens, turkies, sheep, horses, and neat cattle, associate promiscuously, which shows that it is a faculty distinct from Amativeness and Adhesiveness.

Large.—Seeks one, and but one sexual mate; experiences the keenest disappointment when love is interrupted; is perfectly satisfied with the society of that one, and can truly love no other, and retains that love even after its object is dead; may love and marry another, but it will be more from motives of policy than pure conjugal union; and should exert every faculty to win the heart and hand of the one beloved; nor allow any thing to alienate their affections, because certain ruin to mind and body is consequent thereon.

Very Large.—Possesses the element of conjugal union, and flowing together of soul, in the highest degree, and, with Continuity large, becomes broken-hearted when disappointed, and comparatively worthless in this world; seeks death rather than life; regards this union as the gem of life, and its loss as worse than death; and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself only where it can be reciprocated for life.

Full.—Can love cordially, yet is capable of changing its object, especially if Continuity be moderate; will love for life provided circumstances are favorable, yet will not bear every thing from a lover or companion, and, if one love is interrupted, will form another.

Average.—Is disposed to love but one for life, yet is capable of changing its object, and, with Secretiveness and Approbativeness large, and Conscientiousness only full, is capable of coquetry, especially if Amativeness is large, and Adhesiveness only full, and the temperament more powerful than fine-grained; such should cultivate this faculty, and not allow their other faculties to break their first love.

Moderate.—Is somewhat disposed to love only once, yet allows other stronger faculties to interrupt first love, and, with Amativeness large, can form one attachment after another with comparative ease, yet is not true as a lover, nor faithful to first love.

Small.—Cares but little for first love, and seeks the promiscuous society and affection of the opposite sex, rather than a single partner for life.

Very Small.—Manifests none of this faculty, and experiences too little to be cognizable.

4. INHABITIVENESS.

No. 49. Large.		No. 50. Small.

The HOME feeling; love of HOUSE, the PLACE where one was born or has lived, and of home associations. Adapted to man’s need of an abiding place, in which to exercise the family feelings; patriotism. Perversion—homesickness when away from home.

Large.—Has a strong desire to locate young, to have a home or room exclusively to itself; leaves home with great reluctance, and returns with extreme delight; soon becomes attached to house, sleeping-room, garden, fields, furniture, etc.; and highly prizes domestic associations; nor is satisfied till it has a place on which to expend this home instinct; with Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Locality large, will love to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a time; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and see much of the world; but will afterward settle down in one spot; but with Approbativeness and Combativeness large, will defend national honor, praise its own country, government, etc.; and defend both country and fireside with great spirit; with Ideality large, is well adapted to beautify home; with Friendship large, will delight to see friends at home, rather than abroad; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy food at home better than elsewhere, etc.: p. 68.

Very Large.—Is liable to be homesick when away from home, especially for the first time, and the more so if Philoprogenitiveness and Adhesiveness are large; will suffer almost any inconvenience, and forego bright prospects rather than leave home; and remain in an inferior house or place of business, rather than change. Its combinations will be analogous to those under Inhabitiveness large: p. 68.

Full.—Prefers to live in one place, yet willingly changes it when interest or the other faculties require it; and with large Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, will think more of family and friends than of the domicile: p. 69.

Average.—Loves home tolerably well, yet with no great fervor, and changes the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate; takes no great interest in house or place, as such, or pleasure in their improvement, and is satisfied with ordinary home comforts; with Acquisitiveness large, spends reluctantly for its improvement; with Constructiveness moderate, takes little pleasure in building additions to home; with Individuality and Locality large, loves traveling more than staying in one place, and is satisfied with inferior home accommodations: p. 68.

Moderate or Small.—Cares little for home; leaves it without much regret; contemplates it with little delight; takes little pains in its improvement; and with Acquisitiveness large, spends reluctantly for its improvement: p. 69.

Very Small.—Experiences almost none of this faculty, and manifests still less: p. 69.

5. CONTINUITY.

No. 51. Large.		No. 52. Small.

A patient DWELLING upon one thing till it is finished; CONSECUTIVENESS and CONNECTEDNESS of thought and feeling. Adapted to man’s need of doing one thing at a time. Perversion—prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification.

Large.—Gives the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is finished; completes as it goes; keeps up one common train of thought, or current of feeling, for a long time; is disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object, and cannot duly consider another; with Adhesiveness large, pores sadly over the loss of friends for months and years; with the Moral faculties large, is uniform and consistent in religious exercises and character; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, retains grudges and dislikes for a long time; with Ideality, Comparison, and Language large, amplifies figures of speech, and sustains figurative expressions; with the intellectual faculties strong, cons and pores over one thing, and imparts a unity and completeness to intellectual investigations; becomes thorough in whatever study it commences, and delays rather than commences mental operations: p. 70.

Very Large.—Fixes the mind upon objects slowly, yet cannot leave them unfinished; has great application, yet lacks intensity or point; is tedious, prolix, and thorough in few things, rather than an amateur in many: p. 70.

Full.—Dwells continuously upon subjects, unless especially called to others; prefers to finish up the matter in hand, and can, though with difficulty, give attention to other things; with the business organs large, makes final settlements; with the feelings large, fixes their action, yet is not monotonous, etc.: p. 71.

Average.—Can dwell upon things, or divert attention to others, as occasion requires; is not confused by interruption, yet prefers one thing at a time; with the intellectual organs large, is not a smatterer, nor yet profound; with the mental temperament, is clear in style, and consecutive in idea, yet never tedious; with Comparison large, manufactures expressions and ideas consecutively, and connectedly, and always to the point, yet never dwells unduly: p. 70.

Moderate.—Loves and indulges variety, and change of thought, feeling, occupation, etc.; is not confused by them; rather lacks application; with a good intellectual lobe, and an active temperament, knows a little about a good many things, rather than much about any one thing; with an active organization thinks clearly, and has unity and intensity of thought and feeling, yet lacks connectedness; with large Language and small Secretiveness, talks easily, but not long at a time upon one thing; does better on the spur of the moment, than by previous preparation; and should cultivate consistency of character and fixedness of mind, by finishing as he goes all he begins: p. 71.

Small.—With activity great, commences many things, yet finishes few; craves novelty and variety; puts many irons into the fire; lacks application; jumps rapidly from premise to conclusion, and fails to connect and carry out ideas; is a creature of impulse; lacks steadiness and consistency of character; may be brilliant, yet cannot be profound; humming-bird like, flies rapidly from thing to thing, but does not stay long; has many good thoughts, yet they are scattered; and talks on a great variety of subjects in a short time, but fails sadly in consecutiveness of feeling, thought, and action. An illustrative anecdote. An old and faithful servant to a passionate, petulant master, finally told him he could endure his testiness no longer, and must leave, though with extreme reluctance. “But,” replied the master, “you know I am no sooner mad than pleased again.” “Aye, but,” replied the servant, “you are no sooner pleased than mad again:” p. 71.

Very Small.—Is restless, and given to perpetual change; with activity great, is composed of gusts and counter-gusts of passion, and never one thing more than an instant at a time: p. 72.

SELFISH PROPENSITIES.

No. 53. Large.		No. 54. Small.

These provide for man’s ANIMAL wants; create those desires and instincts which relate more especially to his animal existence and habitual wants.

Large.—Gives strong animal desires; creates that selfishness which takes good care of number one; is strongly attached to this world and its pleasures; and, with activity great, uses vigorous exertions to accomplish worldly and personal ends; with the moral organs less than the selfish, connected with bodily disease, is liable to the depraved and sensual manifestation; but with the moral and intellectual organs large, and a healthy organization, gives force, energy, determination, and that efficiency which accomplishes much.

Very Large.—Experiences these animal impulses with still greater intensity; enjoys animal existence and pleasures with the keenest relish; and with great excitability or a fevered state of body, produces a strong tendency to sensual gratification, and sinful desires; yet when properly directed, and sanctified by the higher faculties, gives tremendous force of character, and energy of mind.

Full.—Creates a good share of energy and physical force, yet no more than is necessary to cope with surrounding difficulties; and, with large moral and intellectual faculties, manifests more mental than physical force.

Average.—Gives a fair share of animal force, yet hardly enough to grapple with life’s troubles and wrongs; with large moral and intellectual faculties, has more goodness than efficiency, and enjoys quiet more than conflict with men; and fails to manifest what goodness and talent are possessed.

Moderate.—Rather lacks efficiency; yields to difficulties; wants fortitude and determination; fails to assert and maintain rights; and with large moral organs, is good-hearted, moral, etc.; yet borders on tameness.

Small, or Very Small.—Accomplishes little; lacks courage and force, and with large intellectual organs, is talented, yet utterly fails to manifest that talent; and with large moral organs, is so good as to be good for nothing.

E. VITATIVENESS.

Tenacity of life; resistance to death; love of existence as such; dreads annihilation; loves life, and clings tenaciously to it for its own sake.

Large.—Struggles resolutely through fits of sickness, and will not give up to die till it is absolutely compelled to do so. With large animal organs, clings to life on account of this world’s gratifications; with large moral organs, to do good—to promote human happiness, etc.; with large social faculties, loves life both for its own sake and to bless family; with very large Cautiousness, dreads to change the present mode of existence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Conscientiousness, and small Hope, has an indescribable dread of entering upon an untried future state; but with Hope large, and a cultivated intellect, expects to exist hereafter, etc.

Very Large.—Shrinks from death, and clings to life with desperation; struggles with the utmost determination against disease and death; nor gives up to die till the very last, and then by the hardest; with Cautiousness very large, and Hope moderate, shudders at the very thought of dying, or being dead; but with Hope large, expects to live against hope and experience. Combinations like those under large, allowance being made for the increase of this faculty.

Full.—Loves life, and clings tenaciously to it, yet not extravagantly; hates to die, yet yields to disease and death, though reluctantly.

Average.—Enjoys life, and clings to it with a fair degree of earnestness, yet by no means with passionate fondness; and with a given constitution and health, will die easier and sooner than with this faculty large.

Moderate or Small.—Likes to live, yet cares no great about existence for its own sake; with large animal or domestic organs, may wish to live on account of family, or business, or worldly pleasure, yet cares less about it for its own sake, and yields up existence with little reluctance or dread.

Very Small.—Has no desire to live merely for the sake of living, but only to gratify other faculties.

6. COMBATIVENESS.

No. 55. Large.		No. 56. Small.

Resistance; opposition; defence; defiance; boldness; courage; resentment; spirit; willingness to ENCOUNTER; SELF-PROTECTION; PRESENCE OF MIND; DETERMINATION; GET-OUT-OF-MY-WAY; LET-ME-AND-MINE-ALONE. Adapted to man’s requisition for overcoming obstacles, contending for rights, etc. Perversion—anger; contrariety; fault-finding; contention; ill-nature; and fighting.

Large.—Imparts a bold, resolute, fearless, determined spirit; disposes to grapple with and remove obstacles, and drives whatever it undertakes; loves debate and opposition; gives great coolness, intrepidity, and presence of mind in time of danger, and nerves one for encounter; with large Philoprogenitiveness, takes the part of children; with large Inhabitiveness, defends country; with a powerful muscular system, enhances the strength in lifting, working, and all kinds of manual labor; with great Vitativeness and Destructiveness, defends life with desperation; with large Acquisitiveness maintains pecuniary rights, and drives money-making plans; with large Approbativeness, resents insult, and large Adhesiveness added, defends the character of friends; with full or large Self-Esteem, defends personal interest, takes its own part with spirit, and repels all aggressions; with Self-Esteem small, and Benevolence and Friendship large, defends the interest of friends more than of self; with large Conscientiousness, prosecutes the right, and opposes the wrong; with large intellectual organs, imparts vigor, power, and impressiveness to thoughts, expressions, etc.; with disordered nerves, is peevish, fretful, fault-finding, irritable, dissatisfied, unreasonable, and fiery in anger, and should first restore the nerves to health, and then restrain this fault-finding disposition, by remembering that the cause is IN THEM, instead of in what they fret at: p. 75.

Very Large.—Manifests those functions ascribed to Combativeness large, only in a still higher degree; and with a fevered stomach, is afflicted and torments others with an ungovernable temper, together with unqualified bitterness and hatefulness: p. 77.

Full.—Evinces those feelings described under large, yet in a less degree, and is modified more by the larger organs; thus, with large moral and intellectual faculties, evinces much more moral than physical courage, maintains the right and opposes the wrong—yet, with Firmness large, in a decided rather than in a combative spirit, etc.: p. 78.

Average.—Evinces the combative spirit according to circumstances; when vigorously opposed, or when any of the other faculties work in conjunction with Combativeness, shows a good degree of the opposing, energetic spirit; but, when any of the other faculties, such as large Cautiousness or Approbativeness work against it, it evinces irresolution, and even cowardice; with an active temperament, and disordered nerves, especially if dyspeptic, has a quick, sharp, fiery temper, yet lacks power of anger—will fret and threaten, yet will mean but little; with a large brain, and large moral and intellectual organs, will evince some intellectual and moral force, when once thoroughly roused, which will be but seldom; with large Approbativeness, and small Acquisitiveness, will defend character, but not pecuniary rights; with large Cautiousness, may be courageous where there is no danger, yet will run rather than fight; with smaller Cautiousness, will show some resentment when imposed upon, but submit rather tamely to injuries; with very large Philoprogenitiveness, and only average friendship, will resent any injuries offered to children with great spirit, yet not resent indignities offered to friends, etc.: p. 75.

Moderate.—Rather lacks efficiency; with only fair muscles, is a poor worker, and fails to put forth even what little strength is possessed; with good moral and intellectual organs, possesses talent and moral worth, yet is easily overcome by opposition or difficulty; should seek some quiet occupation, where business comes in of itself, because it cannot urge itself unbidden upon the attention of others; is too good to be energetic; with weak Acquisitiveness, allows virtual robbery without resentment; with large Cautiousness, is tame and pusillanimous; with large Approbativeness, cannot stand rebuke, but will endure it; with moderate Self-Esteem and Hope, is all “I can’t, it’s hard,” etc., and will not do well in life: p. 78.

Small.—Is inefficient; can accomplish little; never feels its own strength; and with large moral and intellectual organs, is too gentle and easily satisfied; with large Cautiousness, runs to others for protection, and is always complaining of its bad treatment: p. 79.

Very Small.—Possesses scarcely any energy, and manifests none: p. 79.

7. DESTRUCTIVENESS.

Executiveness; severity; sternness; the DESTROYING and PAIN-causing faculty; HARSHNESS; EXTERMINATION; INDIGNATION; disposition to BREAK, CRUSH, and TEAR DOWN; THE WALK-RIGHT-THROUGH-SPIRIT; adapted to man’s destroying whatever is prejudicial to his happiness; performing and enduring surgical operations; undergoing pain, etc. Perversion—wrath; revenge; malice; disposition to murder, etc.

Large.—Imparts that determination, energy, and force which removes or destroys whatever impedes its progression; with Firmness large, gives that iron will which adheres till the very last, in spite of every thing, and carries its points any how; with large Combativeness, imparts a harsh rough mode of expression and action, and a severity, if not fierceness, to all its encounters; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, will have every cent due, though it costs two to get it, yet wants no more, and retains grudges against those who have injured its pockets; with large Approbativeness and Combativeness, experiences determination and hostility toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach character; with large Self-Esteem, upon those who conflict with its interests, or detract from its supposed merits; with large Adhesiveness, when angry with friends, is very angry; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, employs a harsh mode of showing kindness; with large Comparison and Language, bestows very severe and galling epithets upon those who rouse it; with large Ideality, polishes and refines its expression of anger, and puts a keen edge upon its sarcasms, yet they are none the less cutting or efficient, etc. Such should avoid and turn from whatever provokes it: p. 82.

No. 57. Large.		No. 58. Small.

Very Large.—Feels the most powerful indignation, amounting even to rage and violence, when thoroughly provoked; and with large or very large Combativeness, acts like a chafed lion, and feels like rushing into the midst of perilous dangers. Such persons should never strike, for they will strike harder than they mean to, because it nerves the arm with unwonted strength. This faculty tears up and destroys whatever is in its way; is harsh and often morose in manner, and should cultivate pleasantness; with large Combativeness, Firmness, Self-Esteem, and Approbativeness moderate, is exceedingly repulsive, hating and hateful when angry, and is much more provoked than occasion requires; with large intellectuals, puts forth tremendous mental energy; and should offset this faculty by reason and moral feeling, and cultivate blandness instead of wrath: p. 83.

Full.—Evinces a fair degree of this faculty, yet its tone and direction depend upon the larger organs; with large propensities, manifests much animal force; with large moral organs, evinces moral determination and force; with large intellectual organs, possesses intellectual might and energy, and thus of its other combinations; but with smaller Combativeness, is peaceful until thoroughly roused, but then rather harsh and vindictive; in boys, attacks only those it knows it can conquer, yet is then harsh; with smaller Self-Esteem, exercises this faculty more in behalf of others than of itself; with large Cautiousness and moderate Combativeness, keeps out of danger, broils, etc., till literally compelled to engage in them, but then becomes desperate, etc.: p. 83.

Average.—Manifests itself in a similar manner as when full, due allowance being made for diminished power: p. 82.

Moderate.—Evinces but little harshness or severity; with large Benevolence, is unable to witness suffering or death, much less to cause them; will possess but little force of mind, or executiveness of character, to drive through great obstacles; with large moral organs added, will be more beloved than feared, and manifest extreme sympathy, amounting sometimes even to weakness, and secure ends more by mild than severe measures; with moderate Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is irresolute, unable to stand its ground, or to take care of itself; flies to others for protection; can do little, and feels that it can do still less; fails to realize or put forth its strength; and with large Cautiousness added, sees a lion where there is none, and makes mountains of mole-hills; and with small Hope added is literally good for nothing; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Self-Esteem and Combativeness, accomplishes considerable, yet in a quiet way, and by perseverance more than force, by siege rather than by storm, and with large intellectual and moral faculties added, will be a good, yet not a tame, citizen; exert a good influence, and that always healthful, and be missed more when dead than prized while living. Those combinations under this organ large, reversed, apply to it when moderate: p. 84.

Small.—With large moral faculties, possesses too tender a soul to enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships or cruelties; can neither endure nor cause suffering, and show so little as to provoke a smile or ridicule, and should cultivate hardness and force: p. 82.

Very Small.—Experiences little, and manifests none of this faculty.

8. ALIMENTIVENESS.

Appetite; the FEEDING instinct; RELISH for food; HUNGER; adapted to man’s need of food, and creating a disposition to eat. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and gluttony, and ends in dyspepsia and all its evils.

No. 59. Large.		No. 60. Small.

Large.—Has a hearty relish for food; sets a high value upon table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food; with Acquisitiveness large, lays up abundance of food for future use—perhaps keeps so much on hand that some of it spoils; with Ideality large, must eat from a clean plate, and have food nicely cooked; with large Language and intellect, enjoys table-talk exceedingly, and participates in it; with large social faculties, must eat with others; is a good cook, if practiced in culinary arts; and with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than Causality, is apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table, etc. Such should restrain this faculty by eating less, more slowly, and seldom: p. 86.

Very Large.—Often eats more than is requisite; enjoys food exceedingly well; and hence is liable to clog body and mind by over-eating; should restrain appetite; will feel better by going without an occasional meal, and is liable to dyspepsia. This faculty is liable to take on a diseased action, and crave a much greater amount of food than nature requires, and hence is the great cause of dyspepsia. Its diseased action may be known by a craving, hankering, gone sensation before eating; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, belching of wind, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and a desire to be always nibbling at something; lives to eat, instead of eating to live, and should at once be erased by omitting one meal daily, and, in its stead, drinking abundantly of cold water. Abstemiousness will rectify this depraved appetite, while over-eating will only re-inflame both the stomach and its diseased hankering: p. 87.

Full.—With a healthy stomach, eats freely what is offered, asking no questions; enjoying it, but not extravagantly; rarely over-eats, except when the stomach is disordered, and then experiences this hankering above described, which light eating alone can cure. For combinations, see Alimentiveness large: p. 87.

Average.—Enjoys food well, and eats with a fair relish; yet rarely over-eats except when rendered craving by dyspeptic complaints: p. 86.

Moderate.—Rather lacks appetite; eats with little relish, and hence requires to pamper and cultivate appetite by dainties, and enjoying rich favors; can relish food only when other circumstances are favorable; feels little hunger, and eats to live, instead of lives to eat; with Eventuality small, cannot remember from one meal to another what he had at the last: p. 87.

Small.—Eats with long teeth, and little relish; hardly knows or cares what or when he eats; and should pay more attention to duly feeding the body: p. 88.

Very Small.—Is almost wholly destitute of appetite.

This faculty is more liable to perversion than any other, and excessive eating occasions more sickness, and depraves the animal faculties more than all other causes combined. Properly to feed the body, is of the utmost importance. Whenever this faculty becomes diseased, the first object should be to restore its natural function by abstinence. Medicines can never do it.

F. BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS.

Fondness for LIQUIDS; desire to DRINK; love of WATER, washing, bathing, swimming, sailing, etc. Adapted to the existence and utility of water. Perversion—drinking in excessive quantities; drunkenness; and unquenchable thirst.

Large.—Loves to drink freely, and frequently; experiences much thirst; enjoys washing, swimming, bathing, etc., exceedingly, and is benefited by them; with Ideality large, loves water prospects.

Very Large.—Is exceedingly fond of water, whether applied internally or externally; with large Adhesiveness and Approbativeness, and small Self-Esteem and Acquisitiveness, should avoid the social glass, lest he be overcome by it.

Full.—Enjoys water well, but not extravagantly; drinks freely when the stomach is in a fevered state, and is benefited by its judicious external application.

Average.—Likes to drink at times, after working freely or perspiring copiously, yet cares no great about it.

Moderate.—Partakes of little water, except occasionally, and is not particularly benefitted by its external application, further than is necessary for cleanliness; dislikes the shower or plunge baths, and rather dreads than enjoys sailing, swimming, etc., especially if Cautiousness is large.

Small.—Cares little for this element in any of its forms, or for any liquid food, and, with large Cautiousness, dreads to be on or near the water; with Alimentiveness large, prefers solid hard food to puddings or broth, etc.

Very Small.—Has an unqualified aversion to water.

9. ACQUISITIVENESS.

No. 61. Large.		No. 62. Small.

Economy; frugality; the ACQUIRING, SAVING, and HOARDING instinct; LAYING UP OF SURPLUS, and allowing nothing to be WASTED; desire to POSSESS and OWN; the MINE AND THINE FEELING; claiming of one’s own things; love of TRADING AND AMASSING PROPERTY. Adapted to man’s need of laying up the necessaries and comforts of life against a time of future need. Perversion—a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness.

Large.—Saves for future use what is not wanted for present; allows nothing to go to waste; turns every thing to a good account; buys closely, and makes the most of all it gets; is industrious, economical, and vigorously employs means to accumulate property and desires to own and possess much; with large, social organs, industriously acquires property for domestic purposes, yet is saving in the family; with very large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, is industrious in acquiring property, yet spends it too freely upon friends; with large Hope added, is too apt to endorse for them; with small Secretiveness, and with activity greater than power, is liable to overdo, and takes so much work upon itself in order to save, as often to incur sickness, and thus loses more than gains; with large Approbativeness and small Secretiveness, tells how much property it possesses, but with large Secretiveness, keeps its own pecuniary affairs to itself; with large Constructiveness, inclines to make money by engaging in some mechanical branch of business; with large Cautiousness, is provident; with large Ideality, keeps its things very nice, and is tormented by whatever mars beauty; with large intellectual organs, loves to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates intellectual progress; with large Veneration and Self-Esteem, sets great store on antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc.: p. 89.

Very Large.—Hastens to be rich; is too eager after wealth; too close in making bargains; too small and close in dealing; with large Cautiousness, is penny wise, but pound foolish; holds the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar further off, and gives its entire energies to amassing property; with smaller Secretiveness and large Conscientiousness, is close, yet honest, will have all its own, yet wants no more, and never employs deception; but, with large Secretiveness and but average Conscientiousness, makes money any how; palms off inferior articles for good ones, or at least over-praises what it wants to sell, and runs down what it buys; and with large Philoprogenitiveness and Perceptives added, can make a finished horse-jockey; with small Self-Esteem, is small and mean in deal, and sticks for the half cent; with very large Hope, and only full Cautiousness, embarks too deeply in business, and is liable to fail; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, will do for friends more than give, and circulate the subscription paper rather than sign it; with large Hope and Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buys more than it can pay for, bases more in promises than in money, and should adopt a cash practice, and check the manifestations of this faculty by being less penurious and industrious, and more liberal: p. 92.

Full.—Takes good care of what it possesses, and uses vigorous exertions to enhance them; values property for itself and its uses; is industrious, yet not grasping; and saving, without being close; with large Benevolence, is too ready to help friends; and with large Hope added, too liable to endorse; and with an active temperament, is too industrious to come to want; yet too generous ever to be rich. For additional combinations, see Acquisitiveness large: p. 93.

Average.—Loves property; yet the other faculties spend quite as fast as this faculty accumulates; with Cautiousness large or very large, loves property in order to be safe against future want; with large Approbativeness, desires it to keep up appearances; with large Conscientiousness to pay debts when it has the means; with large intellectual organs, will contribute to intellectual attainments; yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acquisition, depend upon other and larger faculties: p. 89.

Moderate.—Values and makes property more for its uses than itself; seeks it as a means rather than an end; with Cautiousness large, may evince economy from fear of coming to want; or with other large organs, to secure other ends; yet cares no great for property on its own account; is rather wasteful; does not excel in bargaining, or like it; has no great natural pecuniary tact, or money-making capability, and is in danger of living quite up to income; with Ideality large, must have nice things, no matter if they are costly, yet does not take first-rate care of them; disregards small expenses; purchases to consume as soon as to keep; prefers to enjoy earnings now to laying them up; with large domestic organs, spends freely for family; with strong Approbativeness and moderate Cautiousness, is liable to be a spendthrift, and contract debts to make a display; with Hope large, runs deeply in debt, and spends money before it is earned; and thus of the other combinations: p. 94.

Small.—Holds money loosely; spends it often without getting its full value; cares little how his money goes; with Hope very large, enjoys his money to-day without saving for to-morrow; and with large Approbativeness and Ideality added, and only average Causality, is prodigal, and spends money to poor advantage; contracts debts without providing for their payment, etc. For additional combinations, see Acquisitiveness moderate: p. 95.

Very Small.—Neither heeds nor knows the value of money; is wasteful; spends all it can get; lacks industry, and will be always in want: p. 95.

The back part of this organ, called Acquisition, accumulates property; the fore part, called Accumulation, saves; the former large and latter small, encompasses sea and land to make a dollar, and then throws it away, which is an American characteristic; and gets many things, but allows them to go to waste. Properly to spend money, implies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar should be made an instrument of the highest happiness.

10. SECRETIVENESS.

No. 63. Large.		No. 64. Small.

Self-government; ability to RESTRAIN feelings; POLICY; MANAGEMENT; RESERVE; EVASION; DISCRETION; CUNNING. Adapted to man’s requisition for controlling his animal nature. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double-dealing, lying, deception, and all kinds of false pretensions.

Large.—Throws a veil over the countenance, expression, and conduct; appears to aim at one thing while accomplishing another; loves to surprise others; is enigmatical, mysterious, guarded, foxy, politic, shrewd, managing, employs humbug, and is hard to be found out; with Cautiousness large, takes extra pains to escape detection; with Conscientiousness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the truth; evades the direct question, and is equivocal in character; and though honest in purpose, yet resorts to many little cunning devices; with large intellectual organs and Cautiousness, expresses its ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and directness, and hence is often misunderstood; with large Approbativeness, takes many ways to secure notoriety, and hoists some false colors; with large Acquisitiveness, employs too much cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by still larger Conscientiousness, is not always strictly truthful or honest; with large social organs, forms few friendships, and those only after years of acquaintance, nor evinces half the attachment felt; is distant in society, and communicates, even with friends, only by piecemeal; divulges very few plans or business matters to acquaintances, or even to friends; lacks communicativeness, and has little or no fresh-hearted expression of feeling, but leaves an impression of uncertainty as to what they are and mean: p. 96.

Very Large.—Is non-committal; cunning in the extreme; with only average Conscientiousness, is deceptive, tricky, double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted; with large Acquisitiveness added, will cheat as well as lie; with large Cautiousness, is unfathomable even by acknowledged friends; with very large Conscientiousness and large moral organs, and only average or full propensities, is not dangerous, and has a good moral basis, yet instinctively employs many stratagems, calculated to cast off suspicions on its motives; and should cultivate openness and sincerity: p. 98.

Full.—Evinces much self-government; yet, if temperament be active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest themselves with unusual intensity; with large Acquisitiveness and Cautiousness, communicates but little respecting pecuniary affairs; with large Approbativeness, takes the popular side of subjects, and sails only with the current of public opinion; with Conscientiousness large, is upright in motive, and tells the truth, but not always the whole truth; and, though it hoists no false colors, it does not always show its own. For additional combinations, see Secretiveness large: p. 99.

Average.—Maintains a good share of self-government, except when under excitement, and then lets the whole mind out fully; with large Combativeness and an active temperament, though generally able to control resentment, yet, when once provoked, shows the full extent of its resentment; with large Cautiousness, sees that there is no danger before it lets the feelings fly; but with an excitable temperament, and especially a deranged stomach, shows a general want of policy and self-government, because the feelings are too strong to be kept in check; but if this faculty is manifested in connection with larger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet is wanting when placed in opposition to them: p. 96.

Moderate.—Expresses feelings with considerable fullness; pursues an open, direct course; is sincere and true; employs but little policy, and generally gives vent to thoughts and feelings; with Cautiousness large, evinces prudence in deeds, but imprudence in words; expresses opinions imprudently, yet is safe and circumspect in conduct; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, prefers the one-price system in dealing, and cannot bear to banter; with large Adhesiveness, is a sincere, open-hearted friend, and communicates with perfect freedom; with large Conscientiousness, and Combativeness added, is truthful, and speaks its whole mind too bluntly; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, manifests the higher, finer feelings, without restraint or reserve, so as to be the more attractive; is full of goodness, and shows all that goodness without any intervening veil; manifests in looks and actions what is passing within; expresses all its mental operations with fullness, freedom, and force; chooses direct and unequivocal modes of expression; discloses faults as freely as virtues, and leaves none at a loss as to the real character; but with the harsher elements predominant, appears more hating and hateful than it really is because it blows all its dislikes right out: p. 100.

Small.—Is perfectly transparent; seems to be just what, and all that, it really is, disdains concealment in all its forms; is no hypocrite, but passive and unequivocal in all it says or does; carries the soul in the hands and face, and makes its way directly to the feelings, because it expresses itself so unequivocally; with large Cautiousness, is guarded in action, but unguarded in expression; frees its mind regardless of consequences, yet shows much prudence in other respects; with Conscientiousness large, loves the truth wherever it exists, and opens its mind freely to evidence and conviction; is open and above board in every thing, and allows all the mental operations to come right out, unveiled and unrestrained, so that their full force is seen and felt: p. 101.

Very Small.—Conceals nothing, but discloses every thing: p. 101.

11. CAUTIOUSNESS.

No. 65. Large.		No. 66. Small.

Carefulness; watchfulness; prudence; provision against want and danger; SOLICITUDE; ANXIETY; APPREHENSION; SECURITY; PROTECTION; AVOIDING prospective evils; the sentinel. Adapted to those dangers which surround us, and those provisions necessary for our future happiness. Perversion—irresolution; timidity; procrastination; indecision.

Large.—Is always on the look-out; takes ample time to get ready; provides against prospective dangers; makes every thing safe; guards against losses and evils; incurs no risk; sure binds that it may sure find; with large Combativeness, Hope, and an active temperament, drives, Jehu-like, whatever is undertaken, yet drives cautiously; lays on the lash, yet holds a tight rein, so as not to upset its plans; with Large Approbativeness, is doubly cautious as to character; with large Approbativeness and small Acquisitiveness, is extra careful of character, but not of money; with large Acquisitiveness and small Approbativeness takes special care of all money matters, but not of reputation; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, experiences the greatest solicitude for the welfare of friends; with large Conscientiousness, is careful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, lays safe plans, and is judicious; with large Combativeness and Hope, combines judgment with energy and enterprise, and often seems reckless, yet is prudent; with large intellectual organs and Firmness, is cautious in coming to conclusions, and canvasses well all sides of the question, yet, once settled, is unmoved; with small Self-Esteem, relies too much upon the judgment of others, and too little upon itself; with large Philoprogenitiveness and disordered nerves, experiences unnecessary solicitude for children, and takes extra care of them, etc.: p. 104.

Very Large.—With an excitable nervous system, procrastinates, puts off till to-morrow what ought to be done to-day; lacks promptness and decision, and refuses to run any risk; with only average or full Combativeness, Self-Esteem, and Hope, and large Approbativeness, accomplishes literally nothing, but should always act under others; with large Acquisitiveness, prefers small but sure gains to large but more risky ones, and safe investments to active business. For additional combinations, see Combativeness large, etc.: p. 105.

Full.—Shows a good share of prudence and carefulness, except when the other faculties are powerfully excited; with large Combativeness and very large Hope, has but little prudence for his energy; is tolerably safe except when under considerable excitement; with large Acquisitiveness, is very careful whenever money or property are concerned; yet with only average Causality, evinces but little general prudence, and lays plans for the present rather than future, etc.: p. 105.

Average.—Has a good share of prudence, whenever this faculty works in connection with the larger organs, yet evinces but little in the direction of the smaller organs; with large Combativeness and Hope, and an excitable temperament, is practically imprudent, yet somewhat less so than appearances indicate; with large Causality, and only average Hope and Combativeness, and a temperament more strong than excitable, evinces good general judgment, and meets with but few accidents; but with an excitable temperament, large Combativeness and Hope and only average or full Causality, will always be in hot water, fail to mature his plans, begin before he is ready, and be luckless and unfortunate in every thing, etc.: p. 103.

Moderate.—With excitability great, acts upon the spur of the moment, without due deliberation; meets with many accidents caused by imprudence; with large Combativeness, is often at variance with neighbors; with large Approbativeness, seeks praise, yet often incurs criticism; with average Causality and large Hope, is always doing imprudent things, and requires a guardian; with small Acquisitiveness keeps money loosely, and is easily over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for; with large Philoprogenitiveness, loves to play with children, yet often hurts them; with large Language and small Secretiveness, says many very imprudent things, etc., and has a hard row to hoe; and with large Combativeness, has many enemies, but few friends, etc.: p. 106.

Small.—Is rash, reckless, luckless; and with large Hope, always in trouble; with large Combativeness, plunges headlong into difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously cultivate this faculty: p. 106.

Very Small.—Has so little of this faculty, that its influence upon conduct is rarely ever perceived: p. 107.

12. APPROBATIVENESS.

Desire to be ESTEEMED; regard for CHARACTER, APPEARANCES, etc.; love of PRAISE; desire to EXCEL; AMBITION; AFFABILITY; POLITENESS; desire to DISPLAY and show off; sense of HONOR; desire for a GOOD NAME, for NOTORIETY, FAME, EMINENCE, DISTINCTION, and to be THOUGHT WELL of; PRIDE of character; SENSITIVENESS to the speeches of people; and love of POPULARITY. Adapted to the reputable and disgraceful. Perversion—vanity; affectation; ceremoniousness; aristocracy; pomposity; eagerness for popularity; outside display, etc.

Large.—Loves commendation, and is cut by censure; is keenly alive to the smiles of public opinion; minds what people say; strives to show off to advantage, and is affable, courteous, and desirous of pleasing; loves to be in company; stands on etiquette and ceremony; aspires to do and become something great; sets much by appearances, and is mortified by reproach; with large Cautiousness and moderate Self-Esteem, is careful to take the popular side, and fears to face the ridicule of others; yet with Conscience and Combativeness large, sticks to the right, though it is unpopular, knowing that it will ultimately confer honor; with large Benevolence, seeks praise for works of philanthropy and mercy; with large intellectual organs, loves literary and intellectual distinctions; with large Adhesiveness, desires the good opinion of friends, yet cares little for that of others; with large Self-Esteem, Combativeness, and excitability, is very touchy when criticised, seeks public life, wants all the praise, and hates rivals; with large perceptives, takes a forward part in literary and debating societies; with large Combativeness, Hope, and activity, will not be outdone, but rather work till completely exhausted, and liable to hurt itself by feats of rivalry: p. 108.

Very Large.—Sets every thing by the good opinion of others; is ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious; loves praise, and is mortified by censure inordinately; with moderate Self-Esteem and Firmness, cannot breast public opinion, but is over fond of popularity; with only average Conscience, seeks popularity without regard to true merit; but with large Conscience, seeks praise mainly for virtuous doings; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, seeks praise for fashionable dress and outside appearance rather than internal merit; and is both vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic, and starves the kitchen to stuff the parlor; with large Acquisitiveness, boasts of riches; with large Adhesiveness, boasts of friends; with large Language, is extra forward in conversation, and engrosses much of the time, etc. This is the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, fashionableness, so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show: p. 110.

Full.—Values the estimation of others, yet will not go far out of the way to get it; seeks praise in connection with the larger organs, yet cares little for it in the direction of the smaller ones; is not aristocratic, yet likes to make a fair show in the world; with large Adhesiveness, loves the praise and cannot endure the censure of friends; with large Conscientiousness, sets much by MORAL character, and wishes to be praised for correct MOTIVES; yet, with moderate Acquisitiveness, cares little for the name of being rich; with large Benevolence and intellectual organs, desires to be esteemed for evincing talent in doing good, etc.: p. 110.

Average.—Evinces only a respectable share of this faculty, except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or reproach; is mortified by censure, yet not extremely so, and calls his other faculties to his justification; is not sufficiently ambitious to incur injury, yet is by no means deficient in this respect; and is not insensible to compliments, yet cannot well be inflated with praise: p. 107.

Moderate.—Feels some, but no great, regard for popularity; and evinces this faculty only in connection with the larger faculties; with large Self-Esteem and Firmness, is inflexible and austere; and with large Combativeness and small Agreeableness, lacks civility and complaisance to others; disdains to flatter, and cannot be stuffed and should cultivate a pleasing, winning mode of address: p. 112.

Small.—Cares little for the opinions of others, even of friends; is comparatively insensible to praise; disregards style and fashion; despises etiquette and formal usages; never asks what will persons think, and puts on no outside appearances for their own sake; with large Self-Esteem, Firmness, and Combativeness, is destitute of politeness, devoid of ceremony, and not at all flexible or pleasing in manners; with large Combativeness and Conscientiousness, goes for the right regardless of popularity, and is always making enemies; says and does things in so graceless a manner as often to displease; with large Acquisitiveness and Self-Esteem, though wealthy, makes no boast of it, and is as commonplace in conduct as if poor, etc.: p. 112.

Very Small.—Cares almost nothing for reputation, praise, or censure as such.

13. SELF-ESTEEM.

No. 67. Large.		No. 68. Small.

Self-appreciation and valuation; self-RESPECT and RELIANCE; MAGNANIMITY; NOBLENESS; INDEPENDENCE; DIGNITY; SELF-SATISFACTION and complacency; love of liberty and power; an ASPIRING, SELF-ELEVATING, RULING instinct; PRIDE of character; MANLINESS; LOFTY-MINDEDNESS, and desire for elevation. Adapted to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of human nature. Perversion—haughtiness; forwardness, overbearing; tyranny; egotism, and superciliousness.

Large.—Puts a high estimate upon itself, its sayings, doings, and capabilities; falls back upon its own unaided resources; will not take advice, but insists upon being its own master; is high-minded; will never stoop or demean itself; aims high; is not satisfied with moderate success, or a petty business, and comports and expresses itself with dignity, and perhaps with majesty, and is perfectly self-satisfied; with large Philoprogenitiveness, prides itself in its children, yet with Combativeness large, requires implicit obedience, and is liable to be stern; with large Adhesiveness, seeks society, yet must be its leader; with large Acquisitiveness added, seeks partnership, but must be the head of the firm; with large Firmness and Combativeness, cannot be driven, but insists upon doing its own will and pleasure, and is sometimes contrary and headstrong; with large Hope, thinks that any thing it does cannot possibly fail, because done so well; with large moral organs, imparts a tone, dignity, aspiration, and elevation of character, which commands universal respect; and with large intellectual faculties added, is desirous of, and well calculated for public life; is a natural leader, but seeks moral distinction, and leads the public mind; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Firmness, and Approbativeness, loves to be captain or general, and speaks with that sternness and authority which enforce obedience; with large Acquisitiveness aspires to be rich, the richest man in town, partly on account of the power wealth confers; with large Language, Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seeks to be a political leader; with large Constructiveness, Perceptives, Causality, and Combativeness, is well calculated to have the direction of men, and oversee large mechanical establishments; with only average brain and intellect, and large selfish faculties, is proud, haughty, domineering, egotistical, overbearing, greedy of power and dominion, etc.: p. 114.

Very Large.—Evinces the characteristics of large, only in a still higher degree; is very apt to be pompous, supercilious, proud, and imperious; will do nothing except it be on the largest scale; yet, unless Causality be large, is apt to fail, because ambition is too great for the calibre; with large Firmness, Approbativeness, and Hope, is a real aristocrat, and puts himself above every body else; with only average Approbativeness and Agreeableness, takes no pains to smooth off the rougher points of character, but is every way repulsive; with average Philoprogenitiveness, is very domineering in the family, and insists upon being waited upon, obeyed, etc.; and should carry his head a little lower, and humble his proud soul: p. 116.

Full.—Evinces a good degree of dignity and self-respect, yet is not proud or haughty; with large Combativeness, Firmness and Hope, relies fully upon its own energies in cases of emergency, yet is willing to hear advice though seldom takes it; conducts becomingly and secures respect; and with large Combativeness and Firmness, and full Destructiveness and Hope, evinces much power of this faculty, but little when these faculties are small: p. 116.

Average.—Shows this faculty mainly in combination with those that are larger; with large Approbativeness and Firmness, and a large brain and moral organs, rarely trifles or evinces meanness; yet is rarely conceited, and thinks neither too little nor too much of self, but places a just estimate upon its own capabilities; with large Adhesiveness, both receives and imparts character to friends, yet receives most; with large Conscientiousness, prides itself more on moral worth than physical qualities, wealth, titles, etc.; and with large intellectual and moral organs, values itself mainly for intellectual and moral excellence: p. 113.

Moderate.—Rather underrates personal capabilities and worth; feels rather inferior, unworthy, and humble; lacks dignity and manliness, and is rather apt to say and do trifling things, and let itself down; with large intellectual and moral organs, leads off well when once placed in a responsible position, yet at first distrusts its own capabilities; with large Conscientiousness, Combativeness, and activity, often appears self-sufficient and positive, because certain of being right, yet it is founded more on reason than egotism; with large Approbativeness, loves to show off, and make others satisfied with its capabilities, yet is not satisfied with itself; goes abroad after praise, rather than feels internally conscious of its own merits; is apt to boast because it would make others appreciate its powers, while, if it were fully conscious of them, it would care less about the estimation of others; with large moral and intellectual powers, has exalted thoughts and aspirations, and communicates well, yet often detracts from them by commonplace phrases and undignified expressions; will be too familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean and cultivating high thoughts of self: p. 116.

Small.—Feels diminutive in its own eyes; lacks elevation and dignity of tone and manner; places a low estimate on self; and, with Approbativeness large, is more anxious to appear well in the eyes of others than in its own; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, shows some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsible positions, yet lacks that dignity and tone which commands universal respect, and gives a capability to lead off in society; lacks self-confidence and weight of character; shrinks from responsible and great undertakings, from a feeling of unworthiness; underrates itself, and is therefore undervalued by others, and feels insignificant as if in the way, or trespassing upon others, and hence often apologizes; and should feel constantly “I’m a man.”

Very Small.—Feels little, and manifests none of this faculty.

14. FIRMNESS.

No. 69. Large.		No. 70. Small.

Stability; decision; perseverance; fixedness of purpose; TENACITY of WILL, and aversion to change. Adapted to man’s requisition for holding out to the end. Perversion—obstinacy; willfulness; mulishness; stubbornness; unwillingness to change, even though reason requires.

Large.—Is set in its own way; sticks to and carries out what it commences; holds on long and hard; continues to the end, and may be fully relied upon; with full Self-Esteem and large Combativeness, cannot be driven, but the more it is forced the more it resists; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, adds perseverance to stability, and not only holds on, but drives forward determinedly through difficulties; with large Hope, undertakes much and carries it all out; with large Cautiousness and Causality, is careful and judicious in laying plans and forming opinions, yet rarely changes when once decided; may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up, but is afterward the more unchanging; with Hope very large, and Cautiousness and Causality only average, decides quickly, even rashly, and refuses to change; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, is easily persuaded, especially by friends, yet cannot be driven; and with large Cautiousness, Combativeness, Causality, perceptives, activity, and power, will generally succeed, because wise in planning and persevering in execution; with Combativeness and Self-Esteem large, and Causality only average, will not see the force of arguments against himself, but tenaciously adheres to affirmed opinions and purposes, yet is less firm than he seems to be; with large Conscientiousness and Combativeness, is doubly decided wherever right or justice are concerned, and in such cases will never give one inch, but will stand out in argument, effort, or as a juryman till the last: p. 119.

Very Large.—Is well-nigh obstinate, stubborn, and with large Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is unchangeable as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and can neither be persuaded nor driven; with large activity, power, brain, and intellectual organs, is well calculated to carry forward some great work which requires the utmost determination and energy; with large Causality, can possibly be turned by potent reasons, yet by nothing else: p. 120.

Full.—Like Firmness large, shows a great degree of decision, when this faculty works with large organs, but not otherwise; with Combativeness and Conscientiousness large, shows great Fixedness where right and truth are concerned, yet with Acquisitiveness moderate, lacks perseverance in money matters; with moderate Combativeness and Self-Esteem, is easily turned; and with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, too easily persuaded, even against its better judgment; with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or very large, often evinces fickleness, irresolution, and procrastination; and with an uneven head, and an excitable temperament, often appears deficient in this faculty: p. 131.

Average.—When supported by large Combativeness, or Conscientiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., shows a good degree of this faculty; but when opposed by large Cautiousness, Approbativeness, or Adhesiveness, evinces its deficiency, and has not enough of this faculty for great undertakings: p. 119.

Moderate.—Rather lacks perseverance, even when his larger faculties support it, and when they do not, evinces fickleness, irresolution, indecision, and lacks perseverance; with Adhesiveness large, is too easily persuaded and influenced by friends; with large Cautiousness and Approbativeness and moderate or small Self-Esteem, is flexible and fickle, and goes with the current: p. 132.

Small.—With activity great, and the head uneven, is fitful, impulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shifts with every changing breeze, and is ruled by the other faculties; and as unstable as water: p. 122.

Very Small.—Is changed by the slightest motives; is a perfect creature of circumstances, and accomplishes nothing requiring perseverance: p. 122.

MORAL FACULTIES.

These render man a moral, accountable, and religious being, humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature; connect him with the moral nature of things; create his higher and nobler sentiments; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity, and moral principle, and ally him to angels and to God.

No. 71. Large.		No. 72. Small.

Large.—Create a high regard for things sacred and religious; give an elevated, moral, and aspiring cast of feelings and conduct; create right intentions, and a desire to become good, holy, and moral in feeling and conduct; and, with weak animal feelings, is a rose in the shade.

Very Large.—Give a most exalted sense and feeling of the moral and religious, with a high order of practical goodness, and the strongest aspirations for a higher and holier state, both in this life and that which is to come.

Full.—Has a good moral and religious tone, and general correctness of motive, so as to render feelings and conduct about right; but with strong propensities and only average intellectual faculties, is sometimes led into errors of belief and practise; means right, yet sometimes does wrong, and should cultivate these faculties, and restrain the propensities.

Average.—Surrounded by good influences, will be tolerably moral and religious in feeling, yet not sufficiently so to withstand large propensities; with disordered nerves, is quite liable to say and do wrong things, yet afterward repents, and requires much moral cultivation.

Moderate.—Has a rather weak moral tone; feels but little regard for things sacred and religious; is easily led into temptation; feels but little moral restraint; and, with large propensities, especially if circumstances favor their excitement, is exceedingly liable to say and do what is wrong.

Small.—Has weak moral feeling; lacks moral character; and, with large propensities, is liable to be depraved, and a bad member of society.

Very Small.—Feels little, and shows no moral tone.

15. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.

No. 73. Large.		No. 74. Small.

Moral principle; integrity; perception and love of right; innate sense of ACCOUNTABILITY and obligation; love of JUSTICE and truth; regard for DUTY; desire for moral PURITY and excellence; disposition to fulfill PROMISES, agreements, etc.; the internal MONITOR which approves the right and condemns the wrong; sense of GUILT; CONTRITION; desire to REFORM; PENITENCE; FORGIVENESS. Adapted to the rightness of right, and the wrongness of wrong, and to the moral nature and constitution of things. Perverted, it makes one do wrong from conscientious scruples, and torments with undue self-condemnation.

Large.—Loves the right as right, and hates the wrong because wrong; is honest, faithful, upright in motive; means well; consults duty before expediency; feels guilty when conscious of having done wrong; desires forgiveness for the past, and to do better in future; with strong propensities, will sometimes do wrong, and then be exceedingly sorry therefor; and, with a wrong education added, is liable to do wrong, thinking it to be right, because these propensities warp conscience, yet means right; with large Cautiousness, is solicitous to know what is right, and careful to do it; with weaker Cautiousness, sometimes does wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet afterward repents it; with large Cautiousness and Destructiveness, is severe on wrong doers, and unrelenting until they evince penitence, and then cordially forgives; with large Approbativeness, keeps the moral character pure and spotless—values others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and makes his word his bond; with large Benevolence, Combativeness, and Destructiveness, feels great indignation and severity against oppressors, and those who cause others sufferings by wronging them; with large Ideality, has strong aspirations after moral purity and excellence; with large reasoning faculties, takes great pleasure, and shows much talent in reasoning upon, and investigating moral subjects, etc.: p. 126.

Very Large.—Places moral excellence at the head of all excellence; is governed by the highest order of moral principle; would on no account knowingly do wrong; is scrupulously exact in all matters of right; perfectly honest in motive; always condemning self and repenting; makes duty every thing; very forgiving of those who evince penitence, but inexorable without; with Combativeness large, evinces the utmost indignation at the wrong, and drives the right with great force; is censorious, and makes but little allowance for the faults and follies of mankind, and shows extraordinary moral courage and fortitude; with small Secretiveness and an active temperament, is liable to denounce evil doers; with large Friendship, cannot tolerate the least thing wrong in friends, and is liable to reprove them; with large Philoprogenitiveness, exacts too much from children, and with large Combativeness, is too liable to blame them; with large Cautiousness, is often afraid to do lest it should do wrong; with large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, is a natural theologian, and takes the highest pleasure in reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing; with Veneration average, and Benevolence large or very large, cannot well help being a thorough-going reformer, etc.: p. 129.

Full.—Has good conscientious feelings, and correct general intentions, yet is not quite as correct in action as intentions; means well, yet with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Amativeness, etc., may sometimes yield to these faculties, especially if the system is somewhat inflamed; with large Acquisitiveness, makes very close bargains, and will take such advantages as are common in business, yet does not intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still, has more regard for money than justice; with large intellectual organs, loves to reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved, yet too often takes the ground of expediency, and fails to allow right its due weight; and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened, but should cultivate it assiduously: p. 130.

Average.—When not tempted by stronger faculties does what is about right; generally justifies itself, and does not feel particularly indignant at the wrong, or commendatory of the right; with large Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, may do an honorable thing, yet where honor and right clash, will choose the former; with only average Combativeness and Destructiveness, allows many things that are wrong to pass unrebuked, or even unresented, and shows no great moral indignation or force; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and large Approbativeness, Benevolence, and Ideality, will do as nearly right, and commit as few errors as those with Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness all large, and may be trusted, especially on honor, yet will rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, because Approbativeness will be mortified before conscience is convicted; with large propensities, especially Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and only full Benevolence, is selfish; should be dealt with cautiously, and thoroughly bound in writing, because liable to be slippery, tricky, etc.; and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to overcome it, and by always considering things in the moral aspect: p. 124.

Moderate.—Has some regard for duty in feeling, but less in practice; justifies self; is not very penitent or forgiving; even temporizes with principle, and sometimes lets interest rule duty. The combinations under average apply still more forcibly here: p. 131.

Small.—Has few conscientious scruples; has little penitence, gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, etc.; and is governed mainly by his larger faculties; with large propensities and only average Veneration and Spirituality, evinces a marked deficiency of moral principle; with moderate Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and only full Destructiveness and Combativeness, and large Adhesiveness, Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and intellect, and a fine temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life, yet, on close scrutiny, will lack the moral in feeling, but may be safely trusted because true to promises; that is, conscience having less to contend with, its deficiency is less observable. Such should most earnestly cultivate this faculty: p. 132.

Very Small.—Is almost wholly destitute of moral feeling, and wholly controlled by the other faculties: p. 133.

16. HOPE.

Expectation; anticipation of future success and happiness. Adapted to man’s relations with the future. Perverted, it becomes visionary and castle-building.

Large.—Expects much from the future; contemplates with pleasure the bright features of life’s picture; never desponds; overrates prospective good, and underrates and overlooks obstacles and evils; calculates on more than the nature of the case will warrant; expects, and hence attempts a great deal, and is therefore always full of business; is sanguine, and rises above present trouble by hoping for better in future, and though disappointed, hopes on still; builds some air castles, and lives in the future more than in the present; with large Combativeness, Firmness, and Causality, is enterprising, never gives up the ship, but struggles manfully through difficulties; and with large Approbativeness, and full Self-Esteem added, feels adequate to difficulties, and grapples with them spiritedly; with large Self-Esteem, thinks that every thing it attempts must succeed, and with large Causality added, considers its plans well-nigh perfect; with large Acquisitiveness lays out money freely in view of future gain; with large Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, hopes for renown, honor, etc.; with large Veneration and Spirituality, hopes to attain exalted moral excellence, and should check it by acting on only half it promises, and reasoning against it: p. 137.

Very Large.—Has unbounded expectations; builds a world of castles in the air; lives in the future; enjoys things in anticipation more than in possession; with small Continuity, has too many irons in the fire; with an active temperament added, takes on more business than it can work off properly; is too much hurried to do things in season; with large Acquisitiveness, is grasping, counts chickens before they are hatched, and often two to the egg at that; with only average Cautiousness, is always in hot water; never stops to enjoy what it possesses, but grasps after more, and will never accomplish much because it undertakes too much, and in taking one step forward slips two steps back: p. 138.

Full.—Expects considerable, yet realizes more; undertakes no more than it can accomplish; is quite sanguine and enterprising, yet with Cautiousness large, is always on the safe side; with large Acquisitiveness added, invests money freely, yet always safely, makes good bargains, if any, and counts all the cost, yet is not afraid of expenses where it knows they will more than pay; with larger animal faculties than moral, will hope more for this world’s goods than for another, and with larger moral than animal, for another state of being than this, etc.: p. 139.

Average.—Expects and attempts too little, rather than too much; with large Cautiousness, dwells more on difficulties than encouragements; is contented with the present rather than lays out for the future; with large Acquisitiveness added, invests his money very safely, if at all, and prefers to put it out securely on interest rather than risk it in business, except in a perfectly sure business; will make money slowly, yet lose little, and with large intellectual organs, in the long run may acquire considerable wealth: p. 136.

Moderate.—With large Cautiousness, makes few promises; but with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfills them, because it promises only what it knows can be performed; with small Self-Esteem, and large Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cautiousness, if a professed Christian, will have many fears as to his future salvation; with only average propensities, will lack energy, enterprise, and fortitude; with large Firmness and Cautiousness, is very slow to embark, yet once committed, rarely backs out; with large reasoning faculties, may be sure of success, because it sees why and how it is to be brought about; with large Acquisitiveness, will hold on to what money it gets, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where it is sure to be returned with interest; should cheer up, never despond, count favorable but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, buoyant state of mind, and “hope on, hope ever:” p. 139.

Small.—Expects and undertakes very little; with large Cautiousness, puts off till it is too late; is always behind; may embark in projects after every body else has succeeded, but will then be too late, and in general knocks at the door just after it has been bolted; with large Cautiousness, is forever in doubt; with large Approbativeness and Cautiousness, though most desirous of praise, has little hopes of obtaining it, and therefore is exceedingly backward in society, yet fears ridicule rather than hopes for praise; is easily discouraged; sees lions in the way; lacks enterprise; magnifies obstacles, etc.: p. 140.

Very Small.—Expects next to nothing, and undertakes little: p. 140.

17. SPIRITUALITY.

Faith; prescience; the “LIGHT WITHIN;” TRUST in DIVINE GUIDING; perception and feeling of the SPIRITUAL; interior perception of TRUTH, what is BEST, what is about to transpire, etc. Adapted to a spiritual state of mind and feeling. Perversion—superstition; witchcraft; and with Cautiousness large, fear of ghosts.

Large.—Perceives and knows things independent of the senses or intellect, or as it were by spiritual intuition; experiences an internal consciousness of what is best, and that spiritual communion with God which constitutes the essence of true piety; loves to meditate; bestows a species of waking clairvoyance, and is as it were “forewarned of God;” combined with large Veneration, holds intimate communion with the Deity, for whom it experiences profound adoration; and takes a world of pleasure in that calm, happy, half-ecstatic state of mind caused by this faculty; with large Causality, perceives truth by intuition, which philosophical tests prove to be correct; with large Comparison added, has a deep and clear insight into spiritual subjects, and embodies a vast amount of the highest order of truth; with vigorous propensities, gives them a sanctified cast and spiritual direction; and clearly perceives, and fully realizes, a spiritual state of being after death: p. 142.

Very Large.—Experiences the same functions as large, only in a higher degree; unless well regulated by reason, is liable to fanciful credulity, fanaticism, and superstition, and to a thousand whims, visions, dreams, etc.: p. 143.

Full.—Has a full share of high, pure, and spiritual feeling; has many premonitions, or interior warnings and guidings, which, implicitly followed, would conduct to success and happiness through life; and has an inner test or touchstone of truth, right, etc., in a kind of inner consciousness which is independent of reason, yet, unperverted, in harmony with it; is quite spiritual-minded, and as it were “led by the spirit.” For combinations, see large: p. 143.

Average.—Has some spiritual premonitions and guidings, yet they are not always sufficiently distinct to secure their being followed; but, when followed, they lead correctly; sees this light within, and feels what is true and best, with tolerable distinctness, and should cultivate this faculty by following its light: p. 141.

Moderate.—Has some, but not very distinct perception of spiritual things; rather lacks faith; believes mainly from evidence and little from intuition; with large Causality, says “Prove it,” and takes no man’s say-so unless he gives good reasons: p. 144.

Small.—Perceives spiritual truths so indistinctly as rarely to admit them; is not guided by faith, because so weak; like disbelieving Thomas, must see the fullest PROOF before it believes; has very little credulity, and doubts things of a superhuman origin or nature; has no premonitions, and disbelieves in them: p. 145.

Very Small.—Has no spiritual guidings or superstitions: p. 146.

18. VENERATION.

Devotion; adoration of a Supreme Being; reverence for religion and things sacred; disposition to PRAY, WORSHIP, and observe religious rites. Adapted to the existence of a God, and the pleasures and benefits experienced by man in worshiping him. Perverted, it produces idolatry, bigotry, religious intolerance, etc.

No. 75. Large.

No. 76. Small.

Large.—Experiences an awe of God and things sacred; loves to adore the Supreme Being, especially in his works; feels true devotion, fervent piety, and love of divine things; takes great delight in religious exercises; has much respect for superiority; regards God as the centre of hopes, fears, and aspirations; with large Hope and Spirituality, worships him as a spirit, and hopes to be with and like him; with large Ideality, contemplates his works with rapture and ecstacy; with large Sublimity, adores him as infinite in every thing; with large reasoning organs, has clear, and, if the faculties are unperverted, correct ideas of the Divine character and government, and delights to reason thereon; with large Philoprogenitiveness, adores him as a friend and father; and with large Benevolence, for his infinite goodness, etc.; with large Causality added, as securing the happiness of sentient beings by a wise institution of law, and as the great first CAUSE of all things; with large and perverted Cautiousness, mingles fear and dread with worship; with large Constructiveness and Causality, admires the system of his architectural plans, contrivances, etc.: p. 148.

Very Large.—Experiences these feelings in a still higher degree; places God as supreme upon the throne of the soul, and makes his worship a central verge; manifests extreme fervor, anxiety, and delight in divine worship, and is pre-eminently fervent in prayer; with moderate Self-Esteem, and large Conscientiousness and Cautiousness, and a disordered temperament, experiences the utmost unworthiness and guiltiness in his sight, and is crushed by a sense of guilt and vileness, especially before God, yet should never cherish these feelings; is always dreading the wrath of Heaven, no matter whether the actions are good or ill; and should cultivate religious cheerfulness and hope of future happiness. For additional combinations, see large: p. 149.

Full.—Experiences a good degree of religious worship, whenever circumstances excite this faculty, yet allows the larger faculties frequently to divert it, and prays at least internally; with large or very large Conscience or Benevolence, will place his religion in doing right and doing good, more than in religious observances; will esteem duties higher than ceremonies; with large propensities, may be devout upon the Sabbath, yet will be worldly through the week, and experience some conflict between his religious and his worldly aspirations: p. 149.

Average.—Will adore the Deity, yet often makes religion subservient to the larger faculties; with large Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscience, may love religious meetings because it meets friends, and prays for the good of mankind, or because duty requires their attendance; yet is not habitually and innately devotional, except when this faculty is excited: p. 147.

Moderate.—Will not be particularly devout or worshipful; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, if religiously educated, may be religious, yet will place religion more in works than faith, in duty than in prayer, and be more moral than pious; in his prayers will supplicate blessings upon mankind; and with Conscientiousness large, will confess sin more than express an awe of God; with large reflectives, can worship no further than it sees a reason; with moderate Spirituality and Conscientiousness, cares little for religion as such, but with large Benevolence, places religion mainly in doing good, etc.; and is by no means conservative in religion, but takes liberal views of religious subjects; and is religious only when this faculty is considerably excited: p. 150.

Small.—Experiences little devotion or respect, and is deficient in fervor; cares little for religious observances, and is not easily impressed with the worshiping sentiment: p. 150.

Very Small.—Is almost destitute in feeling and practice of this sentiment.

19. BENEVOLENCE.

Kindness; humanity; desire to make OTHERS happy; a SELF-SACRIFICING disposition; PHILANTHROPY; GENEROSITY; the ACCOMODATING, NEIGHBORLY spirit. Adapted to man’s capability of making his fellow-men happy. Perversion—misplaced sympathies.

Large.—Delights to do good; makes personal sacrifices to make others happy; cannot witness pain or distress, and does what it well can to relieve them; manifests a perpetual flow of disinterested goodness; with large Adhesiveness, Ideality, and Approbativeness, and only average propensities and Self-Esteem, is remarkable for practical goodness; lives more for others than self; with large domestic organs, makes great sacrifices for family; with large reflectives, is perpetually reasoning on the evils of society, the way to obviate them, and to render mankind happy; with large Adhesiveness is hospitable; with moderate Destructiveness cannot witness pain or death, and disapproves of capital punishment; with moderate Acquisitiveness, gives freely to the needy, and never exacts dues from the poor; with large Acquisitiveness, helps others to help themselves rather than gives money; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, at times evinces harshness, yet is generally kindly disposed: p. 155.

No. 77. Large.		No. 78. Small.

Very Large.—Is deeply and thoroughly embued with a benevolent spirit; with large Adhesiveness and moderate Acquisitiveness, is too ready to help friends; and with large Hope added, especially inclined to endorse for them, which he should forswear not to do; with large Acquisitiveness, bestows time more freely than money, yet will also give the latter; but with only average or full Acquisitiveness freely bestows both substance and personal aid; with large Veneration and only full Acquisitiveness, gives freely to religious objects; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is more severe in word than deed, and threatens more than executes; with larger moral than animal organs, literally overflows with sympathy and practical goodness, and reluctantly causes others trouble; with large reasoning organs, is a true philanthropist, and takes broad views of reformatory measures; with large Adhesiveness and Philoprogenitiveness is pre-eminently qualified for nursing; with large Causality, is an excellent adviser of friends, etc., and should not let sympathy overrule judgment. See Benevolence large for additional combinations: p. 157.

Full.—Shows a good degree of kind, neighborly, and humane feeling, except when the selfish faculties overrule it, yet is not remarkable for disinterestedness; with large Adhesiveness, manifests kindness toward friends; and with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is unrelenting toward enemies; with large Acquisitiveness, is benevolent when it can make money thereby; with large Conscientiousness, is more just than kind, and with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, is unrelenting toward the offending: p. 158.

Average.—Manifests kindness only in conjunction with Adhesiveness and other large faculties; and with only full Adhesiveness, if kind is so for selfish purposes; with large Acquisitiveness, gives little or nothing, yet may sometimes do favors; with large Veneration, is more devout than humane; and with only full reasoning organs, is no philanthropist or reformer: p. 153.

Moderate.—Allows the selfish faculties to infringe upon the happiness of others; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, is comparatively hardened to suffering; and with Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness added, evinces almost unmitigated selfishness.

Small.—Cares little for the happiness of man or brute, and does still less to promote them; makes no disinterested self-sacrifices; is callous to human woe; does few acts of kindness, and those grudgingly, and has unbounded selfishness: p. 159.

Very Small.—Feels little and evinces none of this sentiment, but is as selfish as the other faculties will allow him to be: p. 159.

20. CONSTRUCTIVENESS.

TheMAKING instinct; the TOOL-using talent; SLEIGHT of hand in constructing things. Adapted to man’s need of things made, such as houses, clothes, and manufacturing articles of all kinds. Perverted, it wastes time and money on perpetual motion, and other like futile inventions.

Large.—Loves to make; is able to, and disposed to tinker, mend, and fix up, build, manufacture, employ machinery, etc.; shows mechanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done with the hands; with large Causality and perceptives, is given to inventing; and with large Imitation added, can make from a pattern, and both copy the improvements of others, and supply defects by its own inventions, as well as improve on the mechanical contrivances of others; with the mental temperament, and large intellectual organs and Ideality, employs ingenuity in constructing sentences and arranging words, and forming essays, sentiments, books, etc.: p. 161.

Very Large.—Shows extraordinary ingenuity, and a perfect passion for making every thing; with large Imitation, Form, Size, and Locality, has first-rate talents as an artist, and for drawing, engraving, etc.; and with Color added, is an excellent limner; with Ideality, adds niceness to skill; with large Causality, adds invention to execution, etc.: p. 162.

No. 79. Large.		No. 80. Small.

Full.—Can, when occasion requires, employ tools and use the hands in making, tinkering, and fixing up, and turn off work with skill, yet has no great natural passion or ability therein; with practice, can be a good workman; without it, would not excel: p. 163.

Average.—Like full, only less gifted in this respect: p. 160.

Moderate.—Is rather awkward in the use of tools, and in manual operations of every kind; with large Causality and perceptives, shows more talent in inventing than executing, yet no great in either; with the mental temperament, evinces some mental construction, yet no great physical ingenuity: p. 163.

Small.—Is deficient in the tool-using capability; awkward in making and fixing up things; poor in understanding and managing machinery; takes hold of work awkwardly and wrong end first; writes poorly, and lacks both mental and physical construction: p. 163.

Very Small.—Can make nothing, except in the most awkward manner: p. 168.

21. IDEALITY.

No. 81. Large.		No. 82. Small.

Perception and admiration of the BEAUTIFUL and perfect; good TASTE and refinement; PURITY of feeling; sense of PROPRIETY, ELEGANCE, and GENTILITY; POLISH and IMAGINATION. Adapted to the beautiful in nature and art. Perverted, it gives fastidiousness and extra niceness.

Large.—Appreciates and enjoys beauty and perfection wherever found, especially in nature; is graced by purity and propriety of expression and conduct; by gracefulness and polish of manners, and general good taste; is pure-minded; enjoys the ideal of poetry, elegance, and romance; longs after perfection of character, and desires to obviate blemishes, and with Conscientiousness large, moral imperfections; with large social organs, evinces a nice sense of propriety in friendly intercourse; with large Alimentiveness, eats in a becoming and genteel manner; with large moral organs, appreciates most highly perfection of character, or moral beauties and excellences; with large reflectives, adds a high order of sense and strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character; with large perceptives, is gifted with a talent for the study of nature, etc.: p. 166.

Very Large.—Has a rich and glowing imagination and a very high order of taste and love of perfection; is disgusted with whatever is gross, vulgar or out of taste; with only average Causality, has more outside polish than solidity of mind; and more exquisiteness than sense: p. 167.

Full.—Evinces a good share of taste and refinement, yet not a high order of them, except in those things in which it has been vigorously cultivated; with large Language, Eventuality, and Comparison may compose with elegance, and speak with much natural eloquence, yet will have more force of thought than beauty of diction; with large Constructiveness, will use tools with considerable taste, yet more skill; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, shows general refinement, except when provoked, and is then grating and harsh; with large moral organs evinces more moral beauty and harmony than personal neatness; with large intellectual organs, possesses more beauty of mind than regard for looks and outside appearances, and prefers the sensible to the elegant and nice, etc.: p. 168.

Average.—Prefers the plain and substantial to the ornamental, and is a utilitarian; with large intellectual organs, prefers sound, solid matter to the ornament of style, and appreciates logic more than eloquence; with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, is hospitable, and evinces true cordiality, yet cares nothing for ceremony; with Approbativeness large, may try to be polite, but makes an awkward attempt, and is rather deficient in taste and elegance; with Constructiveness large, makes things that are solid and serviceable, but does not polish them off; with Language large, talks directly to the purpose, without paying much attention to the mode of expression, etc.: p. 160.

Moderate.—Rather lacks taste in manners and expression; has but little of the sentimental or finished; should cultivate harmony and perfection of character, and endeavor to polish up; with large propensities, evinces them in rather a coarser and grosser manner, and is more liable to their perverted action than when this faculty is large, and is homespun in every thing: p. 163.

Small.—Shows a marked deficiency in whatever appertains to taste and style, also to beauty and sentiment: p. 163.

Very Small.—Is almost deficient in taste, and evinces none: p. 164.

B. SUBLIMITY.

Perception and appreciation of the VAST, ILLIMITABLE, ENDLESS, OMNIPOTENT, and INFINITE. Adapted to that infinitude which characterizes every department of nature. Perverted, it leads to bombast, and a wrong use of extravagant ideas.

Large.—Appreciates and admires the grand, sublime, vast, magnificent, and splendid in nature and art; admires and enjoys exceedingly mountain scenery, thunder, lightning, tempests, vast prospects, and all that is awful and magnificent, also the foaming, dashing cataract, a storm at sea; the lightning’s vivid flash, and its accompanying thunder; the commotion of the elements, and the star-spangled canopy of heaven, and all manifestations of omnipotence and infinitude; with large Veneration, is particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining to the Deity, and his attributes and works; and with large Time added, has unspeakably grand conceptions of infinitude as applicable to devotion, past and future, and to the character and works of the Deity; with large intellectual organs, takes a comprehensive view of subjects, and gives illimitable scope to his investigations and conceptions, so that they will bear being carried out to any extent; and with Ideality large, adds the beautiful and perfect to the sublime and infinite.

Very Large.—Has a passion for the wild, romantic, and infinite. See large.

Full.—Enjoys grandeur, sublimity, and infinitude quite well, and imparts considerable of this element to his thoughts, emotions, and expressions; evinces the same qualities as large, only in a less degree.

Average.—Possesses considerable of this element, when it is powerfully excited, yet under ordinary circumstances, only an ordinary share of it.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in the conception and appreciation of the inimitable and infinite; and with Veneration moderate, fails to appreciate this element in nature and her Author.

Small.—Shows a marked deficiency in this respect, and should earnestly cultivate it.

Very Small.—Is almost destitute of these emotions and conceptions.

22. IMITATION.

Ability and disposition to COPY, TAKE PATTERN, and IMITATE. Adapted to man’s requisition for doing, talking, acting, etc., like others. Perverted, it copies even their faults.

No. 83. Large.		No. 84. Small.

Large.—Has a great propensity and ability to copy and take pattern from others; do what is seen done; describes and acts out well; with large Language, gesticulates much; with large perceptives, requires to be shown but once; with large Constructiveness easily learns to use tools, and to make things as others make them; and with small Continuity added, is a jack-at-all-trades, and thorough in none; begins many things, but fails to finish; with large Causality, perceptives, and an active temperament added, may make inventions or improvements, but never completes one till it makes another, or is always adding to them; with large Approbativeness, copies after renowned men; with large Adhesiveness, it takes pattern from friends; with large Language, imitates the style and mode of expression of others; with large Mirthfulness and full Secretiveness, creates laughter by taking off the oddities of people; with large Form, Size, and Constructiveness, copies shape and proportions; with large Color, imitates colors, and thus of all the other faculties: p. 170.

Very Large.—Can mimic, act out, and pattern after almost any thing; with large Mirthfulness, relates anecdotes to the very life; has a theatrical taste and talent; gesticulates almost constantly while speaking; and, with large Language, imparts an uncommon amount of EXPRESSION to countenance, and every thing said; with large Individuality, Eventuality, Language, Comparison, and Ideality, can make a splendid speaker; and with large Mirthfulness, and full Secretiveness added, can keep others in a roar of laughter, yet remain serious; with an uneven head, is droll and humorous in the extreme; with large Approbativeness, delights in being the sport-maker at parties, etc., and excels therein; with large Constructiveness, Form, Size, Locality, and Comparison, full Color, and a good temperament, and a full-sized brain, can make a very superior artist of almost any kind; but with Color small, can engrave, draw, carve, model, etc., better than paint: p. 171.

Full.—Copies quite well, yet not remarkably so; with large Causality, would rather invent a new way of doing things than copy the ordinary mode, and evinces considerable imitating talent when this faculty works in conjunction with large organs, but little otherwise: p. 171.

Average.—Can copy tolerably well when this faculty is strongly excited, yet is not a mimic, nor a natural copyist; with only full Constructiveness, evinces little manual dexterity; yet with large Causality, can originate quite well, and evinces no great disposition or ability to copy either the excellences or deficiencies of others, but prefers to be original: p. 169.

Moderate.—Has little inclination to do what, and as, others do; but with large Causality, prefers to strike out a new course, and invent a plan of its own; with large Self-Esteem added, has an excellent conceit of that plan; but if Causality is only fair, is full of original device, yet they do not amount to any great things: p. 171.

Small.—Copies even commonplace matter with extraordinary difficulty and reluctance; is original, and generally does every thing in its own way: p. 172.

Very Small.—Possesses scarcely any, and manifests no disposition or ability to copy any thing, not even enough to learn to talk well: p. 172.

23. MIRTHFULNESS.

No. 85. Large.		No. 86. Small.

Intuitive perception of the absurd and ridiculous; disposition and ability to joke and make fun, and laugh at what is improper, ill-timed, or unbecoming; pleasantness; facetiousness. Adapted to the absurd, inconsistent, and laughable. Perverted, it makes fun on solemn occasions, and where there is nothing ridiculous at which to laugh.

Large.—Enjoys a hearty laugh at the expressions and absurdities of others exceedingly, and delights to make fun out of every thing not exactly proper or in good taste, and is always ready to give as good a joke as it gets; with large Amativeness, loves to joke with and about the other sex, and with large Imitation and Language added, to talk with and tell stories to and about them; with large Combativeness and Ideality added, makes fun of their imperfections in dress, expression, manners, etc., and hits them off to admiration; with large Adhesiveness, Language, and Imitation is excellent company; with large Causality, Comparison, and Combativeness, argues mainly by ridicule or by showing up the absurdity of the opposite side, and excels most in exposing the fallacy of other systems than in propounding its own; with large Ideality, shows taste and propriety in its witticisms, and with this faculty average or less, is often gross, and with large Amativeness added, vulgar in jokes; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, makes many enemies; and with large Comparison added, compares those disliked to something mean, disgusting, and ridiculous: p. 173.

Very Large.—Shows an extraordinary disposition and capability to make fun; is always laughing and making others laugh; with large Language, Comparison, Imitation, Perceptives, and Adhesiveness, with moderate Self-Esteem and Secretiveness, is “the fiddle of the company;” with only average Ideality added, is clownish, and often says undignified and perhaps low things to raise a laugh, and with only moderate Causality, things that lack sense, etc.: p. 175.

Full.—Possesses and evinces considerable of the fun-making disposition, especially in the direction of the larger organs; with large or very large Comparison, Imitation, and Approbativeness, and moderate Self-Esteem, manifests more of the laughable and witty than is really possessed; may make much fun and be called a wit; yet it will be owing more to what may be called drollery than pure wit; with moderate Secretiveness and Self-Esteem, and an excitable temperament, lets fly witty conceptions on the spur of the moment, and thus increases their laughableness by their being well timed, sudden, etc.: p. 175.

Average.—Is generally serious and sedate, except when this faculty is excited, yet then often laughs heartily, and evinces considerable wit; with large Individuality and Language, often says many laughable things, yet they owe their wit more to argument or the criticism they embody, than to this faculty: p. 172.

Moderate.—Is generally serious, sedate, and sober, and with large Self-Esteem, stern and dignified, nor companionable except when Adhesiveness is large, and in company with intimate friends; with only average Ideality and Imitation, is very poor in joking, has to expand witticisms, and thereby spoils them; has some witty ideas, yet lacks in perceiving and expressing them; fails to please others in witticisms, and with large Approbativeness and Combativeness, is liable to become angry when joked, and should cultivate this faculty by laughing and joking more: p. 176.

Small.—Makes little fun; is slow to perceive, and still slower to turn jokes; seldom laughs, and thinks it foolish or wrong to do so; with only average Adhesiveness, is uncompanionable; with large reflectives and Language, may do well in newspaper diction, yet not in debate: p. 177

Very Small.—Has few, if any, witty ideas and conceptions: p. 177.

INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES.

Knowing, remembering, and REASONING powers; general INTELLECTUAL CAPABILITY and desire. Adapted to the physical and metaphysical. Perverted, they apply their respective power to accomplish wrong ends.

Large.—Confer sufficient natural talent, and intellectual capability to take a high stand among men; give strength of mind, superior judgment, and power both of acquiring knowledge easily, and reasoning profoundly. Their direction depends upon the other faculties; with large animal organs and weak morals, they make philosophical sensualists; with large moral and weaker animal organs, moral and religious philosophers, etc.

Very Large.—Give natural greatness of intellect and judgment, and a high order of natural talents; confer superior judgment and a high order of sound sense, with an original, capacious, comprehensive mind which can hardly fail to make its mark.

Full.—Has good intellectual capabilities and much strength of mind, provided it is well cultivated; with large Acquisitiveness, a talent for acquiring property; with large moral organs, enlighten and improve the moral character; with large Constructiveness, give mechanical intelligence, etc.

Average.—Evinces fair mental powers, provided they are cultivated, otherwise only moderate intellectual capabilities; with an excitable temperament, allow the feelings and larger faculties to control judgment; with large moral organs, has more piety than talents, and allows religious prejudices and preconceived doctrines to prevent impartial intellectual examination; with moderate Acquisitiveness, will never acquire property; with average Constructiveness, will be a poor mechanic, etc.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in sense and judgment, yet not palpably so; can be easily imposed upon; is deficient in memory, and rather wanting in judgment, comprehension, and intellectual capacity.

Small.—Is decidedly deficient in mind; slow and dull of comprehension; lacks sense, and has poor powers of memory and reason.

Very Small.—Is a natural idiot.

These faculties are divided into the three following classes, which, when large, confer three kinds of talent.

Species 1st.—the Perceptive Faculties.

These bring man into direct intercourse with the physical world; take cognizance of the physical qualities of material things; give practical judgment, and a practical cast of mind.

Large.—Judges correctly of the various qualities and relations of matter; with Acquisitiveness large, forms correct ideas of the value of property, goods, etc., and what kinds are likely to rise in value, and makes good bargains; with large Constructiveness, render important service in mechanical operations, and give very good talents for building machinery, superintending workmen, etc.; with the mental temperament and large intellectuals added, confer a truly scientific cast of mind, and a talent for studying the natural sciences, and are useful in almost every department and situation in life; with an active temperament and good general advantages, know a good deal about matters and things in general; give quickness of observation and perception and matter-of-fact, common-sense tact, and will show off to excellent advantage, appear to know all that they really do, perhaps more; confer a talent for acquiring and retaining knowledge with great facility, and attending to the details of business; becoming an excellent scholar, etc.; and give a strong thirst after knowledge.

Very Large.—Are pre-eminent in these respects; know by intuition the proper conditions, fitness, value, etc., of things; power of observation, and ability to acquire knowledge, and a natural taste for examining; collecting statistics, studying the natural sciences, etc. For combinations see large.

Full.—Confer fair perceptive powers, and a good share of practical sense; learns and remembers most things quite well; loves reading and knowledge, and with study can become a good scholar, yet not without it; with large Acquisitiveness, judge of the value of things with sufficient correctness to make good bargains, but with moderate Acquisitiveness, lacks such judgment; with large Constructiveness, aided by experience, confer a good mechanical mind, but without experience or only moderate Constructiveness are deficient in this respect, etc.

Average.—Confer only fair perceptive and knowing powers, but, well cultivated, know considerable about matters and things, and learn with tolerable ease; yet without cultivation are deficient in practicability of talent, and capability of gathering and retaining knowledge. For combinations see full.

Moderate.—Are rather slow and dull of observation and perception, require some time to understand things, and even then lacks specificness and detail of knowledge; are rather deficient in matter-of-fact knowledge, and show off to poor advantage; learn slowly and fail in off-hand judgment and action; with only average Acquisitiveness, are deficient in judging of the value of things, and easily cheated; and with moderate Language, are rather wanting in practical talent, and cannot show advantageously what is possessed.

Small.—Is very deficient in remembering and judging; lacks practical sense, and should cultivate the knowing and remembering faculties.

Very Small.—Sees few things, and knows almost nothing about the external world, its qualities, and relations.

24. INDIVIDUALITY.

No. 87. Large.		No. 88. Small.

Observation; desire to SEE and EXAMINE; cognizance of individual OBJECTS. Adapted to individual existence, or the THINGNESS of things; and is the door through which most forms of knowledge enter the mind. Perverted it makes the starer and the impudently observing.

Large.—Gives a great desire to see, know, examine, experience, etc.; is a great and practical observer of men and things; sees whatever is transpiring around, what should be done, etc.; is quick of perception, knowing; with large Acquisitiveness, is quick to perceive whatever appertains to property; with large Philoprogenitiveness, whatever concerns its children; with large Alimentiveness, whatever belongs to the flavor or qualities of food, and knows what things are good by looking at them; with large Approbativeness or Self Esteem, sees quickly whatever appertains to individual character, and whether it be favorable or unfavorable; with large Conscientiousness, perceives readily the moral, or right and wrong of things; with large Veneration, “sees God in clouds, and hears him in the winds;” with large Ideality, is quick to perceive beauty, perfection, and deformity; with large Form, notices the countenances and looks of all it meets; with small Color, fails to observe tints, hues, and shades; with large Order and moderate Ideality, perceives disarrangement at once, yet fails to notice the want of taste or niceness. These and kindred combinations show why some persons are very quick to notice some things, but slow to observe others: p. 184.

Very Large.—Has an insatiable desire to see and know every thing, together with extraordinary powers of observation; cannot rest satisfied till it knows the whole; individualizes every thing, and is very minute and particular in its observation of things; with large Ideality, employs many allegorical and like figures; with large Human Nature and Comparison, observes every little thing which people say and do, and reads character correctly from what smaller Individuality would not notice: p. 185.

Full.—Has good observing powers, and much desire to see and know things, yet is not remarkable in these respects; with large Acquisitiveness, but moderate Ideality, is quick to notice whatever appertains to property, yet fails to observe instances of beauty and deformity; but with large Ideality and moderate Acquisitiveness, quickly sees beauty and deformity, yet does not quickly observe the qualities of things or value of property; with large Philoprogenitiveness and Ideality, sees at once indices of beauty and perfection in children; but if Ideality and Language be moderate, fails to perceive beauty of expression or sentiment etc.: p. 185.

Average.—Observes only the more conspicuous objects around it, and these more in general than in detail, and what especially interests the larger faculties: p. 183.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in observing disposition and capability, and should cultivate this faculty; with large Locality, may observe places sufficiently to find them again; with large Order, observes when things are out of place; with large Causality, sees that it may find materials for reasoning, etc.: p. 185.

Small.—Observes only what is thrust upon his attention, and is quite deficient in this respect: p. 186.

Very Small.—Sees scarcely any thing: p. 186.

25. FORM.

No. 89. Large. form, size, and color.		No. 90. Small. form, size, and color.

Cognizance and recollection of SHAPE; memory of COUNTENANCES and the LOOKS of persons and things seen; perception of RESEMBLANCES, family likenesses, etc. Adapted to shape. Perverted, sees imaginary shapes of persons, things, etc.

Large.—Notices, and for a long time remembers, the faces, countenances, forms, looks, etc., of persons, beasts, and things once seen; knows by sight many whose name is not remembered; with Individuality large, both observes and recollects persons and things, but with Individuality moderate, fails to notice them, and hence to remember them, unless business or something special draws attention to them; with large Philoprogenitiveness, notices and recollects children, favorite animals, etc.; with large Acquisitiveness, Individuality, and Locality, readily detects counterfeits, etc.: p. 187.

Very Large.—Possesses this capability in an extraordinary degree; recognizes persons not seen for many years; with large Ideality, takes extreme delight in beautiful forms; with large Spirituality, sees the spirits of the departed; with disordered nerves, sees horrid images, etc.: p. 188.

Full.—Has a good recollection of the countenances of persons and shape of things, yet not remarkably good unless this faculty has been quickened by practice, or invigorated by some strong incentive to its action; with large Ideality, will recollect beautiful shapes; with large Locality and sublimity, beautiful and magnificent scenery, etc.; and should impress the recollection of shape upon the mind: p. 188.

Average.—Has only a fair natural recollection of shapes, countenances, etc.; yet with much practice may do tolerably well, but without practice will be comparatively deficient in these respects; and should cultivate this faculty: p. 186.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in recognizing persons before seen; fails to recognize by their looks those who are related to each other by blood, and should cultivate this faculty by trying to remember persons and things: p. 189.

Small.—Has a poor recollection of persons, looks, etc.; often meets persons the next day after an introduction, or an evening interview, without knowing them; with Eventuality large, may remember their history, but not their faces; with Locality large, where they were seen, but not their looks, etc.: p. 189.

Very Small.—Manifests scarcely any of this faculty: p. 189

26. SIZE.

Cognizance of BULK, MAGNITUDE, QUANTITY, PROPORTION, etc.; ability to measure by the EYE. Adapted to the absolute and relative magnitude of things. Perverted, it is pained by slight departures from proportion, or architectural inaccuracies.

Large.—Has an excellent eye for measuring angles, proportions, disproportions, and departures therefrom; and with large Constructiveness, gives a good mechanical eye, and judges correctly of quantity in general; loves proportion, and is pained by disproportion; and is necessary to artisans, mechanics, all kinds of dealers, students, etc.: p. 190.

Very Large.—Possesses this capability in an extraordinary degree, and is pained in the extreme by the sight of disproportion; can tell how wide, how far, how long, how much, etc., with very great accuracy; detects at once the texture and quality or fineness or coarseness of goods, and excels in judgment of property where bulk and value are to be estimated by the eye, and can dispense with instruments in measuring: p. 191.

Full.—Possesses a good share of this eye-measuring power, yet is not remarkable; with practice, does well; without it, rather poorly; and does well in its accustomed business: p. 191.

Average.—Has a fair eye for judging of bulk, weight, by the size, etc., and with practice would do tolerably well in this respect: p. 190.

Moderate.—Measures by the eye rather inaccurately, and has poor judgment of bulk, quantity, distance, and whatever is estimated by this faculty: p. 191.

Small.—Is obliged always to rely on actual measurements, because the eye is too imperfect to be trusted: p. 191.

Very Small.—Is almost destitute of this faculty: p. 192.

27. WEIGHT.

Intuitive perception and application of the laws of GRAVITY, MOTION, etc. Adapted to man’s requisition for motion. Perverted, it runs imminent risk of falling.

Large.—Has an excellent faculty for preserving and regaining balance; riding a fractious horse; skating; carrying a steady hand, etc.; easily keeps from falling when aloft, or in dangerous places; throws a stone, ball, or arrow straight; is pained at seeing things out of plumb; judges of perpendiculars very exactly; loves to climb, walk on the edge of a precipice, etc.; with Form and Size large, is an excellent marksman; with Constructiveness large, possesses an excellent faculty for understanding and working machinery; with Approbativeness large, is venturesome etc., to show what risks it can run without falling: p. 193.

Very Large.—Possesses these capabilities in an extraordinary degree; is a dead shot; rarely ever falls, or is thrown from a horse: p. 194.

Full.—Has a good degree of this faculty, and with practice excels, yet without it is not remarkable: p. 194.

Average.—Like full, only less gifted in this respect; with only average Constructiveness and perceptives, should never engage in working machinery, because deficient in this talent: p. 192.

Moderate.—Can keep the balance under ordinary circumstances, yet has rather imperfect control over the muscles in riding a fractious horse or walking a narrow beam aloft; with large Cautiousness, is timid in dangerous places, and dare not trust itself far; is not first-rate in skating, throwing, etc., unless rendered so by practice, and should cultivate this faculty by climbing, balancing, throwing, etc.: p. 194.

Small.—Is quite liable to sea-sickness, dizziness when aloft, etc., and naturally clumsy; with large Cautiousness, is afraid to walk over water, even on a wide plank, and where there is no danger; never feels safe while climbing, and falls easily: p. 195.

Very Small.—Can hardly stand erect, and has very little control over the muscles: p. 195.

28. COLOR.

Perception, recollection, and application, of COLORS, and DELIGHT in them. Adapted to that infinite variety of coloring interspersed throughout nature. Perverted, is over-particular to have colors just right.

Large.—Can discern and match colors by the eye with accuracy; with Comparison large, can compare them closely, and detect similarities and differences; with Constructiveness, Form, Size, and Imitation large or very large, can excel in painting; but with Form and Size only average, can paint better than draw; with Ideality large, is exceedingly delighted with fine paintings, and disgusted with imperfect coloring; with large Form and Size, manages the perspective of painting admirably: p. 195.

Very Large.—Has a natural taste for painting; and with a large brain and very large Constructiveness, Imitation, Form, and Size, and large Weight, has a genius and passion for painting, and takes the utmost delight in viewing harmonious colors: p. 196.

Full.—Possesses a good share of coloring ability and talent provided it has been cultivated; takes much pleasure in beautiful flowers, variegated landscapes, beautifully colored fruits, etc.: p. 196.

Average.—Possesses a fair share of this talent, yet is not extraordinary: p. 195.

Moderate.—With practice, may judge of colors with considerable accuracy, yet without it will be somewhat deficient in this respect; with large Form, Size, Constructiveness, Ideality, and Imitation, may take an excellent likeness, yet will fail somewhat in the coloring: p. 197.

Small.—Can tell the primitive colors from each other, yet rarely notices the color of dress, eyes, hair, etc.; cannot describe persons and things by them, and evinces a marked deficiency in coloring taste and talent: p. 197.

Very Small.—Can hardly tell one color from another, or form any idea of colors: p. 197.

29. ORDER.

Method, system, arrangement. Adapted to Heaven’s first law. Perverted, it overworks, and annoys others to keep things in order, and is tormented by disarrangement.

Large.—Has a desire to conduct business on methodical principles, and to be systematic in every thing; with large Acquisitiveness and Causality, has good business talents; with large Locality, has a place for every thing, and every thing in its place; with large Time, has a time for every thing, and every thing in season; with large Continuity, Comparison, and the mental temperament, has every idea, paragraph, and head of a subject in its proper place; with large Constructiveness, has its tools where it can always lay hands upon them in the dark; with large Combativeness, is excessively vexed by disarrangement; with large Language, places every word exactly right in the sentence; with large Approbativeness, is inclined to conform to established usages; with large Size, must have every thing in rows, or straight; and with large Ideality must have every thing neat and nice as well as methodical, etc.: p. 199.

Very Large.—Is very particular about order, even to old maidishness; works far beyond strength to have things just so; and with large Ideality, and an active temperament, and only fair Vitality, is liable to break down health and constitution by overworking in order to have things extra nice, and takes more pains to keep things in order than this order is worth; with large Ideality, is fastidious about personal appearance, and extra particular to have every little thing very nice; and with Acquisitiveness added, cannot bear to have garments soiled, and is pained in the extreme by grease spots, ink blots, and like deformities: p. 199.

Full.—If educated to business habits, evinces a good degree of method, and disposition to systematize, but without practice, may sometimes show laxity; with a powerful mentality, but weaker muscles, likes to have things in order, yet does not always keep them so; with large Causality added, shows more mental than physical order; with large moral organs, likes to have religious matters, codes of discipline, etc., rigidly observed, and has more moral than personal method; with Acquisitiveness and perceptives large, is sufficiently methodical for all practical business purposes, yet not extra particular: p. 200.

Average.—Likes order, yet may not always keep it, and desires more than it practically secures: p. 198.

Moderate.—Is very apt to leave things where they were last used, and lacks method; with Ideality moderate, lacks personal neatness, and should cultivate this desirable element by being more particular: p. 201.

Small.—Has a very careless, inaccurate way of doing every thing; leaves things where it happens; can never find what is wanted; takes a long time to get ready, or else goes unprepared, and has every thing in perpetual confusion: p. 201.

Very Small.—Is almost wholly destitute of this arranging power and desire: p. 201.

30. CALCULATION.

No. 91. Large.		No. 92. Small.

Cognizance of NUMBERS; ability to reckon figures IN THE HEAD; MENTAL arithmetic. Adapted to the relations of numbers.

Large.—Excels in mental arithmetic, in adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, reckoning figures, casting accounts, etc., in the head; with large perceptives, has excellent business talents; and large Locality and Causality added, excels as a mathematician: p. 202.

Very Large.—Possesses this calculating capability in a most extraordinary degree; can add several columns at once very rapidly and correctly, and multiply and divide with the same intuitive powers; loves mental arithmetic exceedingly well: p. 203.

Full.—Possesses good calculating powers; with practice can calculate in the head or by arithmetical rules easily and accurately, yet without practice is not remarkable; with large Form, Size, Comparison, Causality, and Constructiveness, can be a good geometrician or mathematician, yet will do better in the higher branches than merely arithmetical: p. 204.

Average.—Can learn arithmetic and do quite well by practice, yet is not naturally gifted in this respect: p. 202.

Moderate.—Adds, subtracts, divides, and calculates with extreme difficulty; with large Acquisitiveness and perceptives, will make a better salesman than book-keeper: p. 204.

Small.—Is dull and incorrect in adding, subtracting, dividing, etc.; dislikes figuring; is poor in arithmetic, both practical and theoretical, and should cultivate this faculty: p. 205.

Very Small.—Can hardly count, much less calculate: p. 205.

31. LOCALITY.

Cognizance of PLACE; recollection of the LOOKS of places, roads, scenery, and the LOCATION of objects; WHERE on a page ideas are to be found, and position generally; the GEOGRAPHICAL faculty; desire to SEE places, and the ability to FIND them. Adapted to the arrangement of space and place. Perverted, it creates a cosmopolitic disposition, and would spend every thing in traveling.

Large.—Remembers the whereabout of whatever it sees; can carry the points of the compass easily in the head, and is lost with difficulty either in the city, woods, or country; desires to see places, and never forgets them; studies geography and astronomy with ease; and rarely forgets where things are seen; with Constructiveness, remembers the arrangement of the various parts of a machine; with Individuality, Eventuality, and Human Nature, loves to see men and things as well as places, and hence has a passion for traveling: p. 205.

Very Large.—Always keeps a correct idea of the relative and absolute position, either in the deep forests or the winding street; cannot be lost; is perfectly enamored of traveling; has literally a passion for it: p. 206.

Full.—Remembers places well, yet not extraordinarily so; can generally find the way, yet may sometimes be lost or confused; with large Eventuality, remembers facts better than places: p. 207.

Average.—Recollects places and positions seen several times, yet in city or on roads is occasionally lost; has no great geographical talent, yet by study and practice can do tolerably well: p. 205.

Moderate.—Recollects places rather poorly; dare not trust itself in strange places or large cities; is not naturally good in geography, and to excel in it must study hard; should energetically cultivate this faculty by localizing every thing, and remembering just how things are placed: p. 207.

Small.—Is decidedly deficient in finding places, and recollects them with difficulty even when perfectly familiar with them: p. 208.

Very Small.—Must stay at home unless accompanied by others, because it cannot find the way back: p. 208.

LITERARY FACULTIES.

These collect information, anecdotes, and remember matters of fact and knowledge in general, and give what is called a good memory. Adapted to facts, dates, and the communication of ideas and feelings.

Large.—Render their possessor smart, knowing, and off-hand; enable him to show off to good advantage in society; with large Ideality, give brilliancy to talent.

Very Large.—Is extraordinarily well informed, if not learned and brilliant; according to his means is a first-rate scholar; has a literal passion for literary pursuits, and a strong cast of mind.

Full.—Give a fair, matter-of-fact cast of mind and knowing powers, fair scholarship, and a good general memory.

Average.—If cultivated, give a good general memory and store considerable knowledge; yet without cultivation only a commonplace memory, and no great general knowledge.

Moderate.—Know much more than they can think of at the time, or can tell; with large reflective faculties, has more judgment than memory, and strength of mind than ability to show off.

Small Or Very Small.—Has a poor memory of most things, and inferior literary capabilities.

32. EVENTUALITY.

Memory of FACTS; recollection of CIRCUMSTANCES, NEWS, OCCURRENCES, and historical, scientific, and passing EVENTS; what has been SAID, SEEN, HEARD, and once KNOWN. Adapted to ACTION, or those changes constantly occurring around or within us.

Large.—Has a clear and retentive memory of historical facts, general knowledge, what has been seen, heard, read, done, etc., even in detail; considering advantages, is well informed and knowing; desires to witness and institute experiments; find out what is and has been, and learn anecdotes, particulars, and items of information, and readily recalls to mind what has once entered it; has a good general matter-of-fact memory, and picks up facts readily; with Calculation and Acquisitiveness, remembers business matters, bargains, etc.; with large social feelings, recalls friends to mind, and what they have said and done; and with large Locality, associates facts with the place where they transpired, and is particularly fond of reading, lectures, general news, etc., and can become a good scholar: p. 210.

No. 93. Large.		No. 94. Small.

Very Large.—Possesses a wonderfully retentive memory of every thing like facts and incidents; with large Language and Imitation, tells a story admirably, and excels in fiction, etc.; has a craving thirst for knowledge, and literally devours books and newspapers, nor allows any thing once in the mind to escape it: p. 211.

Full.—Has a good general memory of matters and things, yet it is considerably effected by cultivation, that is, has a good memory if it is habitually exercised—if not, only an indifferent one; with large Locality, recollects facts by associating them with the place, or by recollecting where on a page they are narrated; with large reflectives, remembers principles better than facts, and facts by associating them with their principles; and with large Language, tells a story quite well: p. 212.

Average.—Recollects leading events and interesting particulars, yet is rather deficient in memory of items and details, except when it is well cultivated: p. 209.

Moderate.—Is rather forgetful, especially in details; and with moderate Individuality and Language, tells a story very poorly; and should cultivate memory by its exercise: p. 212.

Small.—Has a treacherous and confused memory of circumstances; often forgets what is wanted, what was intended to be said, done, etc.; has a poor command of knowledge, and should strenuously exercise this remembering power: p. 213.

Very Small.—Forgets almost every thing, both generals and particulars: p. 213.

33. TIME.

Cognizance and recollection of DURATION and SUCCESSION; the LAPSE of time, WHEN things occurred, etc., and ability to carry the time of the day in the HEAD PUNCTUALLY. Adapted to periodicity. Perverted, it is excessively pained by bad time in music, not keeping steps in walking, etc.

Large.—Can generally tell when things occurred, at least the order of events and the length of time between one occurrence and another, etc.; tells the time of day without timepiece or sun, well; and keeps an accurate chronology in the mind, of dates, general and particular; with large Eventuality, rarely forgets appointments, meetings, etc.; and is a good historian: p. 215.

Very Large.—Can tell the time of day almost as correctly as with a timepiece, and the time that transpired between one event and another, and is a natural chronologist: p. 216.

Full.—With cultivation, can keep time in music, and also the time of day in the head quite correctly; yet not exceedingly so: p. 216.

Average.—With practice, has a good memory of dates and successions, yet without it is rather deficient: p. 214.

Moderate.—Has a somewhat imperfect idea of time and dates; with moderate Individuality, Eventuality, and Language, is a poor historian: p. 216.

Small.—Has a confused and indistinct idea of the time when things transpired, and forgets dates: p. 217.

Very Small.—Is almost wholly destitute of this faculty: p. 217.

34. TUNE.

Ability to learn and remember tunes BY ROTE; the MUSIC instinct and faculty. Adapted to the musical octave. Perversion—excessive fondness for music to the neglect of other things.

Large.—Loves music dearly; has a nice conception of concord, discord, melody, etc., and enjoys all kinds of music; and with large Imitation, Constructiveness, and Time, can make most kinds, and play well on musical instruments; with large Ideality, imparts a richness and exquisiteness to musical performances; has a fine taste and is tormented by discord, but delighted by concord, and takes a great amount of pleasure in the exercise of this faculty; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, loves martial music; with large Veneration, sacred music; with large Adhesiveness and Amativeness, social and parlor music; with large Hope, Veneration, and disordered nerves, plaintive, solemn music, etc.: p. 218.

Very Large.—Possesses extraordinary musical taste and talent, and is literally transported by good music; and with large Imitation and Constructiveness, fair Time, and a fine temperament, is an exquisite performer; learns tunes by hearing them sung once; sings in spirit and with melting pathos; shows intuitive taste and skill; sings from the soul to the soul: p. 219.

Full.—Has a good musical ear and talent; can learn tunes by rote quite well; and with large Ideality, Imitation, and Firmness, can be a good musician, yet will require practice: p. 220.

Average.—Has fair musical talents, yet, to be a good musician, requires considerable practice; can learn tunes by rote, yet with some difficulty; with large Ideality and Imitation, may be a good singer or player, yet is indebted more to art than nature, shows more taste than skill, and loves music better than can make it: p. 217.

Moderate.—Has no great natural taste or talent for music, yet, aided by notes and practice, may sing and play quite well, but will be rather mechanical; lacks that pathos and feeling which reaches the soul: p. 220.

Small.—Learns to sing or play tunes with great difficulty, and that mechanically, without emotion or effect: p. 221.

Very Small.—Has scarcely any musical idea or feeling, so little as hardly to tell Yankee Doodle from Old Hundred: p. 221.

35. LANGUAGE.

No. 95. Large.		No. 96. Small.

Expression of ideas and feelings by words, written or spoken, gesture, looks, and action; the COMMUNICATIVE faculty and instinct in general. Adapted to man’s requisition for holding communication with man. Perverted, it creates garrulity, excessive talkativeness, telling what does harm, etc.

Large.—Expresses ideas and feelings well, both verbally and in writing; can learn to speak languages easily; recollects words and commits to memory well; gives freedom, copiousness, and power of expression; with large Amativeness, uses tender, winning, persuasive words; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, severe and cutting expressions; with large moral faculties, words expressive of moral sentiments; with large Acquisitiveness, describes in glowing colors what is for sale; with large Ideality, employs richness and beauty of expression, and loves poetry and oratory exceedingly; with large Imitation, expresses thoughts and emotions by gesticulation; with activity great and Secretiveness small, shows in the looks, thoughts, and feelings what is passing in the mind; with large reflective faculties, shows thought and depth in the countenance; with large Comparison, uses just the words which convey the meaning intended; with large mentality, activity, Ideality, Individuality, Eventuality, and Comparison, can make an excellent editor or newspaper writer; and with large Causality added, a philosophical writer: p. 224.

Very Large.—Possesses the communicative disposition and faculty in an extraordinary degree; with activity and intellectuality great, throws an extraordinary amount of feeling and soul into every expression and action; is a natural linguist, and as fond of talking and writing as of eating; with activity great, average Causality, large Combativeness, and a nervous temperament, will be a scold: p. 226.

Full.—Says well what it has to say, yet is not garrulous; with small Secretiveness, says without qualification, and also distinctly and pointedly; expresses the manifestations of the larger faculties with much force, yet not of the smaller ones; with large Secretiveness and Cautiousness, does not always speak to the purpose, and make itself fully understood, but uses rather non-committal expressions; with large Comparison, Human Nature, Causality, Ideality, activity, mentality, and power, has first-rate writing talents, and can speak well, yet large Secretiveness impairs speaking and writing talents by rendering them wordy and non-committal: p. 227.

Average.—Has fair communicating talents, yet not extra; with activity great and Secretiveness small, speaks right out and to the purpose, yet is not eloquent, and uses commonplace words and expressions; with large Individuality, Eventuality, and Comparison, and moderate Secretiveness, can make an excellent writer by practice; uses none too many words, but expresses itself clearly and to the point; with large Causality, has more thought than language; with moderate Individuality and Eventuality, finds it difficult to say just what it would, and is not fully and easily understood; with large Ideality, has more beauty and elegance than freedom: p. 222.

Moderate.—Is not particularly expressive in words, actions, and countenance, nor ready in communicating ideas and sentiments; with large Ideality, Eventuality, Comparison, activity, and power, can succeed well as a writer, yet not as a speaker; with large Causality and moderate Eventuality, has abundance of thoughts, but finds it quite difficult to cast them into sentences, or bring in the right adjectives and phrases; is good in matter, yet poor in delivery; commits to memory with difficulty, and fails to make ideas and feelings fully understood, and to excite like organs in others; with large Eventuality, Locality, Form, and Comparison, may be a fair linguist, and learn to read foreign languages, yet learns to speak them with difficulty, and is barren in expression, however rich in matter: p. 228.

Small.—Has poor lingual and communicative talents; hesitates for words; speaks with extreme difficulty and very awkwardly, and should cultivate this faculty by talking and writing much: p. 228.

Very Small.—Can hardly remember or use words at all, or even remember their meaning: p. 229.

REFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES.

These give a PHILOSOPHIZING, PENETRATING, INVESTIGATING, ORIGINATING cast of mind; ascertain CAUSES and abstract RELATIONS; CONTRIVE, INVENT, ORIGINATE ideas, etc. Adapted to the first principles or laws of things.

Large.—Confer the higher capabilities of intellect; reason clearly and strongly on whatever data is furnished by the other faculties; give soundness of understanding, depth of intellect, and that weight which carries conviction, and contribute largely to success in every thing; with perceptives small, possess more power of mind than can be manifested, and fails to be appreciated and understood, because more theoretical than practical.

Very Large.—Possess extraordinary depth of reason and strength of understanding; and with large perceptives, extraordinary talents, and manifests them to good advantage; with perceptives small, gives great strength of understanding, yet a poor mode of manifesting it; are not appreciated, and lack balance of mind, and are more plausible than reliable, and too dark to be clear.

Full.—Possess fair reflective powers, and reason well from the data furnished by the other faculties; and with activity great, have a fair flow of ideas and good general thoughts.

Average.—Reason fairly on subjects fully understood, yet are not remarkable for depth or clearness of idea; with cultivation, will manifest considerable reasoning power, without it only ordinary.

Moderate.—Are rather deficient in power and soundness of mind; but with large perceptives, evince less deficiency of reason than is possessed.

Small.—Have inferior reasoning capabilities.

Very Small.—Are almost wholly deficient in thought, idea, and comprehensiveness of mind.

36. CAUSALITY.

Perception and application of CAUSES; adaptation of ways and means to ends. Adapted to the institution in nature of causes and effects. Perverted by selfishness, it reasons in favor of untruth, and attains injurious ends.

No. 97. Large.		No. 98. Small.

Large.—Desires to know the WHY and WHEREFORE of things, and to investigate their LAWS; reasons clearly and correctly from causes to effects, and from facts to their causes; gives uncommon capabilities of planning, contriving, inventing, creating resources, and making the head save the hands; kills two birds with one stone; predicts results, and arranges things so as to succeed; synthetizes, and puts things together well; with large Combativeness, loves to argue; with large perceptives, will be quick to perceive facts and conditions, and reason powerfully and correctly from them; with Comparison and Conscientiousness large, reasons forcibly on moral truths; with the selfish faculties strong, will so adapt ways and means as to serve personal purposes; with moderate perceptives, will excel more in principles and philosophy than facts, and remember laws better than details; with Comparison and Human Nature large, is particularly fond of mental philosophy, and excels therein; with Individuality and Eventuality only moderate, will be guided more by reason than experience, by laws than facts, and arrive at conclusions more from reflection than observation; with large perceptives, possesses a high order of practical sense and sound judgment; with large Comparison and moderate Eventuality, remembers thoughts, inferences, and subject matter, but forgets items; with the mental temperament and Language moderate, will make a much greater impression upon mankind, by action than expressions, by deeds than words, etc.: p. 233.

Very Large.—Possesses this cause-seeking and applying power in an extraordinary degree; perceives by intuition those deeper relations of things which escape common minds; is a profound philosopher and a deep and powerful reasoner, and has great originality of mind and strength of understanding: p. 236.

Full.—Has good cause-seeking and applying talents; reasons and adapts ways and means to ends well; with large perceptives, Comparison, activity, and thought, possesses excellent reasoning powers, and shows them to first-rate advantage; with moderate perceptives and large Secretiveness, can plan better than reason; with large Acquisitiveness and moderate Constructiveness, lays excellent money-making, but poor mechanical plans, etc.: p. 236.

Average.—Plans and reasons well in conjunction with the larger faculties, but poorly with the smaller ones; with moderate Acquisitiveness, lays poor money-making plans; but with large Conscientiousness, reasons well on moral subjects, especially if Comparison be large, etc.: p. 231.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in discerning and applying causes; perceives them when presented by other minds, yet does not originate them; with activity and perceptives large, may do well in the ordinary routine of business, yet fails in difficult matters: p. 237.

Small.—Is deficient in reasoning and planning power; needs perpetual telling and showing; seldom arranges things beforehand, and then poorly; should work under others; lacks force of idea and strength of understanding: p. 238.

Very Small.—Is idiotic in reasoning and planning: p. 238.

37. COMPARISON.

Inductive reasoning; ability and disposition to CLASSIFY, COMPARE, DRAW INFERENCES from analogy, etc. Adapted to those classifications which pervade universal nature. Perverted, is too redundant in proverbs, fables, and figures of speech.

Large.—Reasons clearly and correctly from conclusions and scientific facts up to the laws which govern them; discerns the known from the unknown; detects error by its incongruity with facts; has an excellent talent for comparing, explaining, expounding, criticising, exposing, etc.; employs similes and metaphors well; puts this and that together, and draws inferences from them; with large Continuity uses well-sustained figures of speech, but with small Continuity, drops the figure before it is finished; with large Individuality, Eventuality, activity, and power, gives scientific cast of mind; with large Veneration, reasons about God and his works; with large Language uses words in their exact signification; with large Mirthfulness, hits the nail upon the head in all its criticisms, and hits off the oddities of people to admiration; with large Ideality gives beauty, taste, propriety of expression, etc.: p. 241.

No. 99. Large.		No. 100. Small.

Very Large.—Possesses this analyzing, criticising, and inductive faculty in a truly wonderful degree; illustrates with great clearness and facility from the known to the unknown; discovers the deeper analogies which pervade nature, and has an extraordinary power of discerning new truths; with large Individuality, Eventuality, and activity, has a great faculty of making discoveries; with large Language, uses words in their exact meaning, and is a natural philologist; with full Language, explains things plausibly and correctly: p. 243.

Full.—Possesses a full share of clearness and demonstrative power, yet with large Causality and only moderate Language, cannot explain to advantage; with large Eventuality, reasons wholly from facts; with moderate Language, fails in giving the precise meaning to words; and makes good analytical discriminations: p. 243.

Average.—Shows this talent in a good degree in conjunction with the larger faculties; but is rather wanting in reference to the smaller ones: p. 239.

Moderate.—Rather fails in explaining, clearing up points, putting things together, drawing inferences, and even uses words incorrectly; with Individuality and Eventuality moderate, shows much mental weakness; with large Causality, has good ideas, but makes wretched work in expressing them, and cannot be understood; with Mirthfulness full or large, tries to make jokes, but they are always ill-timed and inappropriate: p. 244.

Small.—Has a poor talent for drawing inferences; lacks appropriateness in every thing, and should cultivate this faculty: p. 244.

Very Small.—Has little, and shows almost none of this element: p. 244.

C. HUMAN NATURE.

Discernment of CHARACTER; perception of MOTIVES; INTUITIVE physiognomy. Adapted to man’s need of knowing his fellow-men. Perverted, it produces suspiciousness.

Large.—Reads men intuitively from their looks, conversation, manners, and walk, and other kindred signs of character; with Individuality and Comparison large, notices all the little things they do, and founds a correct estimate upon them, and should follow first impressions touching persons; with full Secretiveness and large Benevolence added, knows just how to take men, and possesses much power over mind; with Mirthfulness and Ideality large, sees all the faults of people, and makes much fun over them; with Comparison large, has a turn for metaphysics, etc.

Very Large.—Possesses this faculty in an extraordinary degree; reads every body right through at first sight. For combinations see large.

Full.—Reads character quite well from the face or external signs, yet is sometimes mistaken; may generally follow first impressions safely; loves to study character; with Ideality and Adhesiveness large, the excellences of friends; with Philoprogenitiveness large, of children; with Combativeness large, all the faults of people; and with only average Adhesiveness, forms few friendships, because it detects so many blemishes in character, etc.

Average.—Has fair talents for reading character, yet is not extra in this respect, and may safely cultivate it.

Moderate.—Fails somewhat in discerning character; occasionally forms wrong conclusions concerning people; should be more suspicious, watch people closely, especially those minor signs of character dropped when off their guard; has ill-timed remarks and modes of addressing people, and often says and does things which have a different effect from that intended.

Small.—Is easily imposed upon by others; with large Conscientiousness and small Secretiveness, thinks every body tells the truth; is too confiding, and fails sadly in knowing where and how to take things.

Very Small.—Knows almost nothing about human nature.

D. AGREEABLENESS.

Persuasiveness, pleasantness, blandness. Adapted to please and win others.

Large.—Has a pleasing, persuasive, conciliatory mode of addressing people, and of saying things; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, is generally liked; with Comparison and Human Nature large, says unacceptable things in an acceptable manner, and sugars over expressions and actions.

Very Large.—Is peculiarly winning and fascinating in manners and conversation, and wins over even opponents.

Full.—Is pleasing and persuasive in manner, and with Ideality large, polite and agreeable, except when the repelling faculties are strongly excited; with small Secretiveness and strong Combativeness and activity, is generally pleasant, but when angry is sharp and blunt; with large Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Mirthfulness, is excellent company.

Average.—Has a good share of pleasantness in conversation and appearance, except when the selfish faculties are excited, but is then repulsive.

Moderate.—Is rather deficient in the pleasant and persuasive, and should by all means cultivate this faculty by sugaring over all it says and does.

Small.—Says even pleasant things very unpleasantly, and fails sadly in winning the good graces of people.

Very Small.—It almost totally deficient in this faculty.

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