Little Brothers of the Air

by Olive Thorne Miller

SOLITARY THE THRUSH.

"Solitary the thrush,
The hermit, withdrawn to himself,
Sings by himself a song."

Thus says the poet, with no less truth than beauty. No description could better express the spirit of the bird, the retiring habit and the love of quiet for which not alone the hermit, but the three famous singers of the thrush family are remarkable. We should indeed be shocked were it otherwise, for there is an indefinable quality in the tones of this trio, the hermit, wood, and tawny, that stirs the soul to its depths, and one can hardly conceive of them as mingling their notes with other singers, or becoming in any way familiar. In this peculiar power no bird-voice in our part of the world can compare with theirs. The brown thrush ranks high as a musician, the mockingbird leads the world, in the opinion of its lovers, and the winter wren thrills one to the heart. Yet no bird song so moves the spirit, no other—it seems to me—so intoxicates its hearer with rapture, as the solemn chant of "the hermit withdrawn to himself."

"Whenever a man hears it," says our devoted lover of Nature, Thoreau, "he is young, and Nature is in her spring; wherever he hears it there is a new world, and the gates of heaven are not shut against him."

One might quote pages of rhapsody from poets and prose writers, yet to him who has not drunk of the enchantment, they would be but words; they would touch no chord that had not already been thrilled by the marvelous strain itself.

My first acquaintance in the beautiful family was the wood-thrush, and the study of his charms of voice and character filled me with love for the whole bird tribe. He frequented the places I also preferred, the quiet nooks and out of the way corners of a large city park. At that time I thought no bird note on earth could equal his; but a year or two later, on the shore of Lake George, I fell under the magical sway of another voice, whose few notes were exceedingly simple in arrangement, but full of the strangely thrilling power characteristic of the thrush family.

Four years passed, at first in search of the owner of the "wandering voice" that had bewitched me, and when I had found it to be the tawny thrush or veery, in study of the attractive singer himself, which made me an enthusiastic lover of him also. But the "shy and hidden" bird, the hermit, enthroned by those who know him far above the others, I had rarely seen and never clearly heard. Far-off snatches I had gathered, a few of the louder notes had reached me from distant woods, or from far up the mountain side; but I had never been satisfied.

There appeared almost a fatality about my hearing this bird. No matter how common his song in the neighborhood, no sooner did I go there than he retired to the secluded recesses of his choice. He always had "just been singing," but had mysteriously stopped. My search was much longer than, and quite as disappointing as Mr. Burroughs's search through English lanes for a singing nightingale.

Last spring one of the strongest attractions that drew me to a lovely spot in Northern New York was the assurance that the hermit was a constant visitor. I went, and the same old story met me. Before this year the hermit had always been with them. The song of the veery was my morning and evening inspiration, but his shy brother had apparently taken his departure for parts unknown.

"We will go to Sunset Hill," said my friend. "We always hear them there at sunset."

That evening after an early tea, we started for the promised land. The single-file procession through the charming wood paths consisted of our host as protector on the return in the dark, the big dog—his mistress's body-guard—his mistress, an enthusiastic bird-lover, and myself.

The road was all the way through the woods, then lovely with the glow of the western sun, which reached far under the branches, gilded the trunks of the trees, and made a fresh picture at every turn. At the further side of the woods was a grass-covered hill which we ascended, eager to treat our eyes to the sunset, and our ears to the hermit songs. The sun went down serenely, without a cloud to reflect his glory, but the whole pleasant country at our feet was illuminated by his parting rays.

And hark! a hermit began "air-o-ee!" Instantly everything else was forgotten, although the bird was far away.

"He will come nearer," whispered my comrade, and we waited in silence. Several singers were within hearing, but all at a tantalizing remoteness that allowed us to hear the louder notes, and constantly to realize what we were losing.

We lingered, loath to abandon hope, till the deepening shadows reminded us of the woods to be passed through; but no bird came nearer than that maddening distance. In despair we turned our faces homeward at last; several times on the way we paused, lured by an ecstatic note, but every one too far off to be completely heard.

In our quiet walk back through the dark woods I accepted my evident fate, that I was not to be blessed with hermit music this season; but I made a private resolve to find next year a "hermit neighborhood," where birds should be warranted to sing, if I had to take a tent and camp out in a swamp.

June passed away in delightful bird-study, and July followed quickly. Nests and songs in plenty rewarded our search. Every day had been full. Nothing had been wanting to fill our cup of content, except the longed-for song of the hermit; and I had been so absorbed I had almost ceased to regret it.

With the last days of July everything was changed about us. The world was full of bird babies. Infant voices rang out from every tangle; flutters of baby wings stirred every bush; the woods echoed to anxious "pips," and "smacks," and "quits," of uneasy parents working for dear life. We had been so occupied with our study of these charming youngsters, that we bethought ourselves, only as one after another strange warbler appeared upon the scene, that migrating time had arrived, the wonderful procession to the summer-land had begun.

This, alas! I could not stay to see. And if one must go, it were better to take leave before getting entangled in the toils of the warblers, to be driven wild by the numberless shades of yellow and olive, to go frantic over stripes and spots, and bars, and to wear out patience and the Manual, trying to discover what particular combination of Latin syllables scientists have bestowed upon this or that flitting atom in feathers. Before the student is out of bed, a new warbler-note will distract her; in the twilight some tiny bird will fly over her head with an unfamiliar twitter; each and every one will rouse her to eager desire to see it, to name it.

Why have we such a rage for labeling and cataloguing the beautiful things of Nature? Why can I not delight in a bird or flower, knowing it by what it is to me, without longing to know what it has been to some other person? What pleasure can it afford to one not making a scientific study of birds to see such names as "the blue and yellow-throated warbler," "the chestnut-headed golden warbler," "the yellow-bellied, red-poll warbler," attached to the smallest and daintiest beauties of the woods?

Musing upon this and other mysteries, I followed my friend up the familiar paths one day, looking for some young birds whose strange cries we had noted. It was a gray morning, and all the tree trunks were grim and dark, with no variety in coloring. The sounds we were following led us through some unused roads entirely grown up with jewel-weed, part of it five feet high, and thickly hung with the yellow flower from which it takes its name.

It had rained in the night, and every leaf was adorned with minute drops like gems. We parted the stems carefully and passed through, though it seemed to us like wading in deep water, and, in spite of our caution, we were well sprinkled from the dripping leaves. Just as we stepped out of our green sea, the low calls we were trying to locate ceased. We walked slowly on until we were attracted by a rustling in the dry leaves, and then we turned to see two young thrushes foraging about in silence by themselves. They were not very shy, but looked at us with innocent baby eyes as we drew near and examined them. We saw the color and the markings and the peculiar movement of the tail characteristic of the hermit. There could be no doubt that these were hermit babies. We were delighted to see them. I never feel that I know a bird family till I have seen the young. But my pleasure was sadly marred by the reflection that where there were babies must have been a nest and a singer, and we had not heard his voice.

The last Sunday of my stay came, all too soon. It was a glorious day, and, as usual, the two bird-lovers turned their steps toward the woods. Everything seemed at rest and silent. We paused a while in a part of the forest in which we had seen some strange phases of bird life, and had christened the "Bewitched Corner." A gentle breeze set all the leaves to fluttering; far off a woodpecker drummed his salute to his fellows; beyond the trees we could hear the indigo bird singing; but nothing about us was stirring. The wood-pewee was unheard, and even the vireo seemed to have finished his endless song and gone his way.

We passed on a few rods to a favorite resting place of our daily rounds, where my comrade always liked to stretch herself upon the big bole of a fallen tree in the broad sunshine, and I to seat myself at the foot of another tree in the shade. It was a spot

"where hours went their way
As softly as sweet dreams go down the night."

As we approached this place a sound reached us that struck us dumb; it was a hermit thrush not far off. Silently we stole up the gentle hill and seated ourselves.

"At last! at last!" I cried in my heart, as I leaned back against my tree to listen.

Then the glorious anthem began again; it rose and swelled upon the air; it filled the woods,—

"And up by mystical chords of song
The soul was lifted from care and pain."

Though not in sight, the bird was quite near, so that we heard every note, so enchanting! so inimitable! For ten or fifteen minutes he poured out the melody, while our hearts fairly stood still. Then he stopped, and we heard the thrush "chuck" and the hermit call, which is different from other thrushes, being something between a squawk and a mew. Whether this were his conversation with his mate we could only guess, for we dared not move, hardly indeed to breathe.

After a pause the bird began again, and for one perfect hour we sat there motionless, entranced, and took our fill of his matchless rhapsody. I longed inexpressibly to see the enchanter, though I dared not stir for fear of startling him. Perhaps my urgent desire drew him; at any rate he came at last within sight, stood a few minutes on the low branch of a tree and looked at me, lifting and dropping his expressive tail as he did so. Two or three low, rich notes bubbled out, as if he had half a mind to sing to me; but he thought better of it and dived off the branch into the bushes. We rose to go.

"This only was lacking," I said. "This crowns my summer. I ask no more, and tomorrow I go."

---

INDEX.

American Goldfinch:
bewitching manners, [253].
devotion of the male, [255], [256].
difficulty of watching, [253].
nervous sitter, a, [256].
nest, a second, [252].
neat building, [248], [249], [251], [253].
nesting ways, [244], [254].
queer scenes, [245], [246], [247].
song, [257].
talk with me, a, [257].
tragedy again, [250].
wooing, [244], [247].
Black and White creeper, [110].
Black-throated Blue Warbler:
delight in nest, [166].
hard to study, [164].
nest and mate, [165].
song, [163].
studies me, [168].
vain search for, [169].
young, [170].
Bluejay, the young, [77].
appearance of, [89].
description of, [91].
food as bait, [93].
interest of neighbors, [95].
not afraid, [92].
old birds to the rescue, [94].
stray youngster, a, [93].
Bobolink, [139].
attack, [152].
cries, strange, [139], [140].
disturbed, [151].
manners, [139].
musical call, [153].
song, [141], [144].
wiles, [150].
Cedar Birds, [143].
Chestnut-sided Warbler, [184], [187].
adopted infant, [230].
Chipping Sparrow, [173].
Crow, the parents, [240], [242].
two sides to the question, [242].
the young, [236].
alighting, [238].
coaxing ways, [238].
cry, a strange, [237].
efforts to learn, [239].
experimenting in food, [240].
object lesson, an, [241].
Cuckoo, the Black Billed, [190].
curious performance, [194].
male, the, [192].
mother tactics, the, [199].
nest, [191].
nest deserted, [198].
relieving the sitter, [192].
sitting bird, the, [191].
struck dumb, [196].
ventriloquism, [192].
young, [194].
Curiosity of Birds, [4].
Golden-winged Woodpecker, or Flicker:
cry of young, [40], [44].
dress, [36].
feeding, [39], [40], [43].
flight of young, [46].
manners, [35], [38].
nest, [34].
nest deserted, [47].
preparing to leave, [42], [43], [45].
setting house in order, [101].
teaching the young, [134].
ventriloquism, [102].
young appear, [39].
Gray Squirrel:
cry of, [178].
poacher, [207].
Great-crested Fly-catcher, [227].
Hermit Thrush, [259].
search for, [262].
shyness of, [261].
song, [266].
voice, [259].
young, [265].
Humming Bird as poacher, [207].
Insects, destruction of, [18], [23].
Junco, nest, [132].
young, [133].
Kingbird:
bathing, [26].
character, [3], [12], [17].
curious antics, [232].
distinguishing marks, [14].
English sparrow annoyance, [12].
feeding, [21], [22], [25].
greeting to mate, [8].
nest of, [2].
nesting habits, [9], [20].
night perch, [14].
oriole encounter, [5].
preparing to sit, [7].
robin encounter, [6], [10].
sitting, [13].
song, [14].
treatment of young robin, [31].
young out, [17], [19].
Kingbird, the young:
appearance above the nest, [22].
attachment to each other, [24].
dress of, [25].
first flight, [28].
first night out of nest, [29].
last view, [32].
leaving the nest, [26].
migrating cry, [27], [29],
preparing for flight, [34].
reception of strangers, [30].
vireo impertinence, [31].
voice, [23].
Mephitis Family, [156].
Oven Bird, Golden Crowned Thrush:
accident to nest, [177].
good sense of, [178].
nest, [177].
song, [177].
Partridge, a sitting, [80].
Phœbe, [223].
manners, [224].
strange performance, [225].
Red-headed Woodpecker, [211], [223].
after berries, [215], [219].
comical attitudes, [216].
feeding on the ground, [212].
fly-catching, [217].
frolics of young, [219].
greeting to mate, [216].
insulted by robin, [214].
on the raspberries, [214].
poaching, [213].
robin surveillance, [216].
settling with the robin, [215].
young, [217].
Redstart
and chestnut-sided warbler, [184].
caution of, [54].
curiosity, [111].
description, [50].
hostility, [49].
in rain, [53].
nest, [49], [59].
nesting habits, [51], [58].
out of nest, [56].
out of shell, [53].
treatment of young, [55].
young identified, [189].
Red Squirrel, [234].
Robin, a saucy, [70].
morning song, [173].
on guard, [216].
special policeman, [226].
subdued, [37].
surveillance, [87].
takes a hint, [51].
Rose-breasted Grosbeak, [86].
Scarlet Tanager:
bathing, [161].
nest, [159].
shyness, [160].
young, [162].
Song Sparrow, [173].
Sparrow Hawk, [250].
Towhee Bunting, young, [105].
Veery, Wilson's Thrush:
bleating cry, [111].
calls and cries, [125].
cry of young, [107].
description of young, [113].
distress of parents, [120], [124], [126].
empty nest, [120].
friendliness, [126].
humorist, [127].
mother, the, [109].
nest destroyed, [117].
nest seeking, [115].
nests found, [116], [118], [119], [124].
solitude, love of, [125].
song, [99], [106], [260].
Warbler life, problems in, [184], [264].
Wood-pewee, [68].
nest, [131].
song, [70].
Wood-thrush, [260].
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, or Sapsucker, [173], [201].
drumming habit, [207].
food habits, [203].
frolics, [205].
manners, [203], [204].
nest, [209].
traps, [204].
voice, [202].
young, [135], [209], [210].
Young Birds:
black-throated blue warbler, [170].
bluebird, [72].
brown thrush, [61].
chestnut-sided warbler, [229].
crow, [236].
crow blackbird, [228].
cuckoo, [194].
downy woodpecker, [229].
hermit thrush, [265].
in rain, [175].
kingbird, [22], [232].
learning to flock, [68].
other young birds, [74], [233], [263].
out, [23].
red-headed woodpecker, [217], [233].
scarlet tanager, [162].
swallow, [65].
towhee bunting, [105].
veery, [113].
Wilson's thrush, [113].
woodpecker, [175].
wood-pewee, [71].
yellow-bellied woodpecker, [135], [209].

---

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