The decline of the West

by Oswald Spengler

INDEX

Prepared by David Μ. Matteson

• Aachen Minster, and style, [200]
• Abaca, Evaristo F. dall’, sonatas, [283]
• Abel, Niels H., mathematic problem, [85]
• Absolutism, contemporary periods, table [iii]
• Abydos, [58n.];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Abyssinia, cult-buildings, [209]
• Academy, contemporaries, table [i]
• Acanthus motive, history, [215]
• Acheloüs, as god, [403]
• Achilles, archetype, [203], [402]
• Acre, battle, [150]
• Acropolis, contemporaries, table [ii]. See also [Parthenon]
• Act, and portrait, [262], [266], [270]
• Action, in Western morale, [342]
• Actium, battle, [381]
• Activity, as Western trait, [315], [320];
  • as quality of Socialism, [362-364]
• Actuality, as test of philosophy, [41];
  • significance, [164]
• Adam de la Hale. See [La Hale]
• Addison, Joseph, type, [254]
• Adolescence, initiation-rites as symbol, [174n.]
• Adrastos, cult, [33n.]
• Ægina temple, sculpture, [226], [244]
• Æschines, portrait statue, [270]
• Æschylus, tragic form and method, [129], [320], [321];
  • and architecture, [206];
  • and motherhood, [268];
  • and deity, [313];
  • morale, [355]
• Æsthetics, and genius in art, [128]
• Æther, contradictory theories, [418]
• Agamemnon, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Aggregates, theory, [426]
• Aglaure, cult, [406]
• Ahmes, arithmetic, [58]
• Ahriman, Persian Devil, [312]
• Aim, and direction, [361];
  • nebulousness, [363]
• Aksakov, Sergei, and Europe, [16n.]
• Albani, Francesco, linear perspective, [240];
  • colour, [246]
• Albani villa, garden, [240]
• Albert of Saxony, Occamist, [381]
• Alberti, Leone B., gardening, [240]
• Alcamenes, contemporary mathematic, [78];
  • period, [284]
• Alchemy, as symbol, [248];
  • as Arabian physics, [382], [383];
  • process of transmutation, [382n.];
  • and substance, [383];
  • and mechanical necessity, [393]
• Alcibiades, and Napoleon, [4];
  • and Classical morale, [351];
  • condemnation, [411]
• Alcman, music, [223]
• Alembert, Jean B. le R. d’, mathematic, [66], [78];
  • and time, [126];
  • mechanics and deism, [412]
• Alexander the Great, analogies, [4];
  • and Dionysus legend, [8];
  • romantic, [38];
  • and economic organization, [138];
  • expedition as episode, [147];
  • himself as epoch, [149];
  • as conqueror, [336];
  • morale, [349];
  • as paradox, [363];
  • deification, [405];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Alexander I of Russia, and Napoleon, [150]
• Alexandria, as a cultural left-over, [33], [73n.], [79];
  • contemporaries, [112];
  • collections of University, [136n.];
  • as irreligious, [358]
• Alfarabi, and extension, [178];
  • and dualism, [306];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Algebra, defined, significance of letter-notation, [71];
  • Diophantus and Arabian Culture, [71-73];
  • Western liberation, [86];
  • contemporaries, table [i].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Algiers, origin of French war, [144n.]
• Alhambra, courtyard, [235]
• Alien, and “proper”, [53]
• Alkabi, and extension, [178]
• Alkarchi, contemporaries, table [i]
• Al-Khwarizmi, mathematic, [72];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Alkindi, and dualism, [307];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Allegory, motive and word, [219n.]
• Almighty, philosophical attitude toward, [123]. See also [Religion]
• Alphabet, and historical consciousness, [12n.] See also [Language]
• Alsidzshi, mathematic, [72]
• Altar of the Unknown God, Paul’s error, [404]
• Amarna art, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Ambrosian chants, and Jewish psalmody, [228]
• Amenemhet III, pyramid, [13];
  • portrait, [108], [262]
• Amida, and Arabian art, [209]
• Analogies, superficial and real historical, [4], [6], [27], [38], [39];
  • necessity of technique, [5]
• Analysis, and Classical mathematic, [69];
  • in Western mathematic, [74], [75];
  • inadequacy as term, [81];
  • and earlier mathematics, [84];
  • contemporaries, table [i].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Anamnesis, and comprehension of depth, [174]
• Ananke, and Tyche, [146]
• Anarchism, basis, [367], [373]
• Anatomy, in Classical and Western art, [264];
  • Michelangelo and Leonardo, [277]
• Anaxagoras, and ego, [311];
  • on atoms, [386];
  • and mechanical necessity, [392], [394];
  • condemnation, [411]
• Anaximander, and chaos, [64];
  • popularity, [327]
• Ancestral worship, cultural basis, [134], [135n.]
• Ancient History, as term, [16]
• Anecdote, and Classical tragedy, [318];
  • Western, [318n.]
• Angelico, Fra, and the antique, [275]
• Anthesteria, [135n.]
• Antigone, and Kriemhild, [268]
• Antiphons, and Jewish psalmody, [228]
• Antisthenes, character of Nihilism, [357];
  • and diet, [361]
• Antonello da Messina, Dutch influence, [236]
• Apelles, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Aphrodisias Temple in Caria, as pseudomorphic, [210]
• Aphrodite, as goddess, [268];
  • in Classical art, [268]
• Apocalypses, and world-history, [18n.];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Apollinian soul, explained, [183]. See also [Classical Culture]
• Apollo Didymæus Temple, form-type, [204]
• Apollo of Tenea, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Apollodorus of Athens, unpopularity, [35];
  • painting, [283], [325n.]
• Apollodorus of Damascus, Roman architecture, [211]
• Apollonius Pergæus, and infinity, [69];
  • mathematic, [90]
• Appius Claudius, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Arabesque, algebraic analogy, [72];
  • period, [108];
  • spun surface, [196];
  • character, [203], [212];
  • as symbol, [215], [248];
  • end-art, [223];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Arabian Culture, and polar idea of history, [18];
  • mathematic, significance of algebra, [63], [71-73];
  • expressions, [72];
  • and Late-Classical, [73], [209], [212], [214];
  • and Marycult, [137];
  • prime symbol, cavern, [174], [209], [215];
  • soul and dualism, [183], [305-307], [363];
  • “inside” architectural expression, [184], [199], [200], [224];
  • religious expression, [187], [188], [312], [401];
  • and Russian art, [201];
  • autumn of style, [207];
  • art as single phenomenon, [207-209];
  • art research, [209];
  • dome space-symbolism, [210-212];
  • ornamentation, [212];
  • fetters, [212];
  • emancipation, hurry, [213];
  • and mosaic, [214];
  • arch-column, [214];
  • Acanthus motive, [215];
  • and portraiture, [223], [262];
  • architecture in Italy, [235];
  • music, [228];
  • and Renaissance, [235];
  • gold as symbol, [247];
  • political concept, [335];
  • will-lessness, [309], [311];
  • art and spectator, [329];
  • and world-history, [363];
  • nature idea, chemistry, [382-384], [393];
  • religion in Late-Classical, [407];
  • spiritual epochs, table [i];
  • art epochs, table [ii]
• Arabian Nights, as symbol, [248]
• Arbela, battle, [151]
• Arcadians, provided history, [11]
• Arch, and column, [214], [236]
• Archæology, and historical repetition, [4];
  • cultural attitude, [14], [132], [254];
  • significance, [134].
• Archery, Eastern and Western, [333n.]
• Archimedes, style, [59];
  • and infinity, [69];
  • mathematical limitation, [84], [90];
  • contemporaries, [112], [386];
  • and metaphysics, [366];
  • and motion, [377];
  • as creator, [425]
• Architecture, ahistoric symbolism of Classical, [9], [12n.];
  • symbolism of Egyptian, [69], [189], [202];
  • transition to and from Arabian, [72], [73];
  • Rococo as music, [87], [231], [285];
  • as early art of a Culture, mother-art, [128], [224];
  • undurable basis of Classical, [132], [198];
  • column, and arch, [166], [184], [204], [214], [236], [260n.], [345];
  • dimension and direction, cultural relation, [169n.], [177], [184], [205], [224];
  • symbolism in Chinese, [190], [196];
  • imitation and ornament, becoming and become, [194-198], [202];
  • history of techniques and ideas, [195];
  • of Civilization period, [197];
  • stage of Russian, [201];
  • Classical, feeble development of style, [204];
  • pseudomorphic Late-Classical, basilica, [209], [212], [214];
  • Arabian, dome type, [208], [210-212];
  • Western façade and visage, [224];
  • cathedral and infinite space, forest character, [198-200], [224], [396];
  • Arabian in Italy, [235];
  • place of Renaissance, [235];
  • Michelangelo and Baroque, [277];
  • and cultural morale, [345];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [ii].
  • See also [Art]; [Baroque]; [Egyptian Culture]; [Doric]; [Gothic]; [Romanesque]
• Archytas, irrational numbers and fate, [65n.];
  • and higher powers, [66];
  • contemporaries, [78], [90], [112], table [i];
  • and metaphysics, [366]
• Arezzo, school of art, [268]
• Aristarchus of Samos, and Eastern thought, [9];
  • and heliocentric system, [68], [69], [139]
• Aristogiton, statue, [269n.]
• Aristophanes, and burlesque, [30], [320n.]
• Aristotle, ahistoric consciousness, [9];
  • entelechy, [15];
  • contemporaries, [17], table [i];
  • and philosophy of being, [49n.];
  • mechanistic world-conception, [99], [392];
  • and deity, [124], [313];
  • tabulation of categories, [125];
  • as collector, [136n.];
  • as Plato’s opposite, [159];
  • on tragedy, [203], [318], [320], [321], [351];
  • on body and soul, [259];
  • on Zeuxis, [284];
  • and inward life, [317];
  • and philanthropy, [351];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • and diet, [361];
• culmination of Classical philosophy, [365], [366];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • on atoms, [386];
  • as atheist, [409];
  • condemnation, [411]
• Arithmetic, Kant’s error, [6n.];
  • and time, [125], [126].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Army, Roman notion, [335]
• Arnold of Villanova, and chemistry, [384n.]
• Art and arts, irrational polar idea, [20];
  • as sport, [35];
  • and future of Western Culture, [40];
  • as mathematical expression, [57], [58], [61], [62], [70];
  • Arabian, relation to algebra, [72];
  • and vision, [96];
  • causal and destiny sides, [127], [128];
  • Western, and “memory,” [132n.];
  • mortality, [167];
  • religious character of early periods, [185];
  • lack of early Chinese survivals, [190n.];
  • as expression-language, [191];
  • and witnesses, [191];
  • imitation and ornament, [191-194];
  • their opposition, becoming and become, [194-196];
  • typism, [193];
  • so-called, of Civilization, copyists, [197], [293-295];
  • meaning of style, [200], [201];
  • forms and cultural spirituality, [214-216];
  • as symbolic expression of Culture, [219], [259];
  • expression-methods of wordless, [219n.];
  • sense-impression and classification, [220], [221];
  • historical boundaries, organism, [221];
  • species within a Culture, no rebirths, [222-224];
  • early period architecture as mother, [224];
  • Western philosophical association, [229];
  • secularization of Western, [230];
  • dominance of Western music, [231];
  • outward forms and cultural meaning, [238];
  • and popularity, [242];
  • space and philosophy, [243];
  • cultural basis of composition, [243];
  • symptom of decline, striving, [291], [292];
  • trained instinct and minor artists, [292], [293];
  • cultural association with morale, [344];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [ii].
  • See also [Imitation]; [Ornament]; [Science]; Style; arts by name
• Aryan hero-tales, contemporaries, table [i]
• Asklepios, as Christian title, [408n.]
• Astrology, cultural attitude, [132], [147]
• Astronomy, Classical Culture and, [9];
  • heliocentric system, [68], [139];
  • dimensional figures, [83];
  • cultural significance, [330-332]
• Ataraxia, Stoic ideal, [343], [347], [352], [361]
• Atheism, and “God”, [312n.];
  • as definite phenomenon, position, [408], [409];
  • cultural basis of structure, [409];
  • and toleration, [410], [411]
• Athene, as goddess, [268]
• Athens, and Paris, [27];
  • culture city, [32];
  • as religious, [358]
• Athtar, temples, [210]
• Atlantis, and voyages of Northmen, [332n.]
• Atmosphere, in painting, [287]
• Atomic theories, Boscovich’s, [314n.];
  • cultural basis, [384-387], [419];
  • disintegration hypotheses, [423]
• Augustan Age, Atticism, [28n.]
• Augustine, Saint, and time, [124], [140];
  • and Jesus, [347];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Augustus, as epoch, [140];
  • statue, [295]
• Aurelian, favourite god, [406];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Avalon, and Valhalla, [401]
• Avesta. See [Zend Avesta]
• Aviation, Leonardo’s interest, [279]
• Avicenna, on light, [381];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Axum, empire, and world-history, [16], [208], [209n.], [223]

• Baader, Franz X. von, and dualism, [307]
• Baal, shrines as basilicas, [209n.];
  • cults, [406], [407];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Baalbek, basilica, [209n.];
  • Sun Temple as pseudomorphic, [210]
• Babylon, and time, [9], [15];
  • geographical science, [10];
  • place in history, [17];
  • autumnal city, [79]
• Baccio della Porta. See Bartolommeo[Bartolommeo]
• Bach, John Sebastian, contemporaries, [27], [112], [417], table [ii];
  • as analysist, [62];
  • contemporary mathematic, [78];
  • fugue, [230];
  • and dominance of music, [231];
  • and popularity, [243];
  • pure music, [283];
  • ease, [292];
  • ethical passion, [355];
  • God-feeling, [394]
• Bachofen, Johann J., Classical ideology, [28];
  • on stone, [188]
• Backgrounds, in Renaissance art, [237];
  • in Western painting, [239];
  • in Western gardening, [240].
  • See also [Depth-experience]
• Bacon, Francis, Shakespeare controversy, [135n.]
• Bacon, Roger, world-conception, [99];
  • and mechanical necessity, [392];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Bähr, Georg, architecture, [285]
• Baghdad, autumnal city, [79];
  • contemporary cities, [112];
  • philosophy of school, [248], [306], [307];
  • contemporaries of school, table [i]
• Ballade, origin, [229]
• Bamberg Cathedral, sculpture, [235]
• Barbarossa, symbolism, [403]
• Baroque, mathematic, [58], [77];
  • musical association, [87], [228n.], [230];
  • as stage of style, [202];
  • sculpture as allegory, [219n.];
  • origin, [236];
  • depth-experience in painting, [239];
  • in gardening, [240];
  • portraits, [265];
  • Michelangelo’s relation, [277];
  • philosophy, reason and will, [308];
  • soul, [313], [314];
  • contemporaries, table [ii].
  • See also [Art]
• Bartolommeo, Fra (Baccio della Porta), and line, [280];
  • dynamic God-feeling, [394]
• Basilica, as pseudomorphic type, [209], [210];
  • and Western cathedral, [211], [224];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Basilica of Maxentius (Constantine), Arabian influences, [212]
• Basra School, philosophy, [248], [306];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Basso continuo. See [Thoroughbass].
• Baths of Caracalla, Syrian workmen, [211], [212]
• Battista of Urbino, portrait, [279]
• Baudelaire, Pierre Charles, sensuousness, [35];
  • autumnal accent, [241];
  • and the decadent, [292]
• Bayle, Pierre, and imperialism, [150]
• Bayreuth. See [Wagner]
• Beauty, transience, cultural basis, [194];
  • as Classical rôle, [317]
• Become, Civilization as, [31], [46];
  • philosophers, [49n.];
  • explained, relationships, [53];
  • and learning, [56];
  • and extension, [56];
  • and mathematical number, [70], [95];
  • relation to nature and history, [94-98], [102], [103];
  • and symbolism, [101];
  • and causality and destiny, [119];
  • and problem of time, [122];
  • and mortality, [167];
  • in art, [194].
  • See also [Becoming]; [Causality]; [Nature]; [Space]
• Becoming, and history, [25], [94-98], [102], [103];
  • philosophers, [49n.];
  • explained, relationships, [53];
  • intuition, [56];
  • and direction, [56];
  • and chronological number, [70];
  • relation to nature and destiny and causality, [119], [138], [139];
  • and mathematics, [125], [126];
  • in art, [194].
  • See also [Become]; [Destiny]; [History]; [Time]
• Beech, as symbol, [396]
• Beethoven, Ludwig van, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
  • and pure reason, [120];
  • and imagination, [220];
  • orchestration, [231];
  • inwardness, “brown” music, [251], [252], [252n.];
  • music as confession, [264];
  • period, [284];
  • straining, [291];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Bell, as Western symbol, [134n.]
• Bellini, Giovanni, and portrait, [272], [273]
• Benares, autumnal city, [99]
• Benedetto da Maiano, and ornament, [238];
  • and portrait, [272]
• Bentham, Jeremy, and imperialism, [150];
  • and economic ascendency, [367];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Berengar of Tours, controversy, [185]
• Berkeley, George, on mathematics and faith, [78n.]
• Berlin, megalopolitanism, [33];
  • as irreligious, [79], [358]
• Berlioz, Hector, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, contemporaries, [400], table [i]
• Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, architecture, [87], [231], [244], [245];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Bernward, Saint, as architect, [107n.], [206]
• Berry, Duke of, Books of Hours, [239]
• Beyle, Henri. See [Stendhal]
• Bible, and periodic history, [18];
  • as Arabian symbol, [248].
  • See also [Christianity]
• Biedermeyer, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Binchois, Égide, music, [230]
• Binomial theorem, discovery, [75]
• Biography, and portraiture, [12];
  • Cultures and, [13], [14];
  • and character, [316];
  • and Western tragedy, [318].
  • See also [Portraiture]
• Biology, and preordained life-duration, [108];
  • in politics, [156];
  • as weakest science, [157];
  • and Civilization, [360]
• Bismarck, Fürst von, wars and cultural rhythm, [110n.];
  • and destiny, [145];
  • morale, [349]
• Bizet, Georges, “brown” music, [252]
• Blood, Leonardo’s discovery of circulation, [278]
• Blue, symbolism, [245], [246]
• Boccaccio, Giovanni, and Homer, [268n.]
• Body, as symbol of Classical Culture, [174];
  • and geometrical systems, [176n.];
  • in Arabian philosophy, [248];
  • and soul, Classical expression, [259-261].
  • See also [Sculpture]; [Spirit]
• Böcklin, Arnold, act and portrait, [271n.];
  • painting, [289], [290]
• Boehme, Jakob, contemporaries, table [i]
• Bogomils, iconoclasts, [383]
• Bohr, Niels, and mass, [385], [419]
• Boltzmann, Ludwig, on probability, [380n.]
• Boniface, Saint, as missionary, [360]
• Book, and cult-building, [197n.]
• Books of Hours, Berry’s, [239]
• Books of Numa, burning, [411]
• Boomerang, and mathematical instinct, [58]
• Borgias, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
• Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe, and physics, [314n.], [415]
• Botticelli, Sandro, Dutch influence, [236];
  • goldsmith, [237];
  • and portrait, [271], [272]
• Boucher, François, and body, [271]
• Boulle, André C., Chippendale’s ascendency, [150n.]
• Bourbons, analogy, [39]
• Boyle, Robert, and element, [384]
• Brahmanism, transvaluation, [352];
  • Buddhist interpretation of Karma, [357];
  • contemporaries of Brahmanas, table [i].
  • See also [Indian Culture]
• Brain, and soul, [367]
• Bramante, Donato d’Angnolo, plan of St. Peter’s, [184]
• Brancacci Chapel, [237], [279]
• Brass musical instruments, colour expression, [252n.]
• Bronze, and Classical expression, [253];
  • patina, [253];
  • Michelangelo and, [276]
• Brothers of Sincerity, on light, [381];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Brown, symbolism of studio, [250], [288];
  • Leonardo and, [280]
• Bruckner, Anton, end-art, [223];
  • “brown” music, [252]
• Bruges, loss of prestige, [33];
  • as religious, [358]
• Brunelleschi, Filippo, linear perspective, [240];
  • and antique, [275n.];
  • architecture, [313]
• Bruno, Giordano, world, [56];
  • martyrdom, [68];
  • and vision, [96];
  • esoteric, [326];
  • astronomy, [331];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Brutus, M. Junius, character, [5]
• Buckle, Henry T., and evolution, [371]
• Buddhism, and Civilization, end-phenomenon, materialism, [32], [352], [356], [357], [359], [409];
  • and state, [138];
  • Nirvana, [178], [357], [361];
  • morale, [341], [347];
  • scientific basis of ideas, [353];
  • moral philosophy, [355];
  • as peasant religion, [356n.];
  • and Christianity, [357];
  • and contemporaries, [357], [358], [361], table [i];
  • and diet, [361].
  • See also [Religion]
• Burckhardt, Jacob, Classical ideology, [28];
  • on Renaissance, [234]
• Buridan, Jean, Occamist, [381]
• Burlesque, Classical, [30], [320]
• Busts, Classical, as portraits, [269], [272]
• Buxtehude, Dietrich, organ works, [220]
• Byron, George, Lord, and Civilization, [110]
• Byzantinism, as Civilization, [106];
  • and portraiture, [130n.];
  • style, [206];
  • Acanthus motive, [215];
  • allegorical painting, [219n.];
  • contemporaries, [tables ii], [iii].
  • See also [Arabian Culture]
• Byzantium, tenement houses, [34n.]

• Cabeo, Nicolaus, theory of magnetism, [414]
• Caccias, character, [229]
• Cæsar, C. Julius, analogies, [4], [38];
  • and newspaper, [5];
  • and democracy, [5];
  • conquest of Gaul, [36n.];
  • practicality, [38];
  • and calendar and duration, [133];
  • and economic organization, [138];
  • and destiny, [139];
  • bust, [272];
  • morale, [349];
  • Divus Julius, [407];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Cæsarism, and money, [36];
  • contemporary periods, table [iii]
• Calchas, cult, [185]
• Calculus, and Classical astronomy[astronomy], [69];
  • limit-idea, [86];
  • Newtonian and Leibnizian, [126n.];
  • and religion, [170];
  • as Jesuit style, [412];
  • basis threatened, [419].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, plays as confession, [264]
• Calendar, Cæsar’s, [133]
• Caliphate, Diocletian’s government, [72], [212];
  • deification of caliph, [405]
• Callicles, ethic, [351]
• Calvin, John, predestination and evolution, [140n.], [141];
  • and Western morale, [348];
  • variety of religion, [394];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Can Grande, statue, [272]
• Cannæ, as climax, [36]
• Canning, George, and imperialism, [149n.]
• Cantata, and orchestra, [230]
• Canzoni, character, [229]
• Caracalla, and citizenship and army, [335], [407]
• Carcassonne, restoration, [254n.]
• Cardano, Girolamo, and numbers, [75]
• Care, and distance, [12];
  • cultural attitude, relation to state, [136], [137];
  • and maternity, [267]
• Carissimi, Giacomo, music, pictorial character, [230], [283]
• Carneades, and mechanical necessity, [393]
• Carstens, Armus J., naturalism, [212]
• Carthage. See [Punic Wars]
• Carthaginians, and geography, [10n.], [333]
• Castle, and cathedral, [195], [229]
• Catacombs, art, [137n.], [224]
• Categories, tabulation, [125]
• Catharine of Siena, Saint, and Gothic, [235]
• Cathedral, as ornament, [195];
  • and castle, [229];
  • forest-character, [396];
  • contemporaries, table [ii].
  • See also [Gothic]; [Romanesque]
• Cato, M. Porcius, Stoicism and income, [33]
• Cauchy, Augustin Louis, notation, [77];
  • mathematic problem, [85];
  • and infinitesimal calculus, [86];
  • mathematical position, [90];
  • goal of analysis, [418];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Causality, history and Kantian, [7];
  • and historiography, [28];
  • and number, [56];
  • and pure phenomenon, [111n.];
  • and destiny and history, limited domain, [117-121], [151], [156-159];
  • and space and time, [119], [120], [142];
  • and principle, [121];
  • and grace, [141];
  • and reason, [308];
  • and Civilization, [360];
  • and destiny in natural science, [379];
  • and mechanical necessity, [392-394].
  • See also [Become]; [Destiny]; [Nature]; [Space]
• Cavern, as symbol, [200], [209], [215], [224]
• Celtic art, as Arabian, [215]
• Centre of time, and history, [103]
• Ceres, materiality, [403]
• Cervantes, Miguel de, tragic method, [319]
• Ceylon, Mahavansa, [12]
• Cézanne, Paul, landscapes, [289];
  • striving, [292]
• Chæronea, issue at battle, [35]
• Chalcedon, Council of, and Godhead, [209], [249]
• Chaldeans, astronomy, Classical reaction, [147]
• Chamber-music, as summit of Western art, [231]
• Chan-Kwo period, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Character, and person, [259];
  • and will, Western ego, [314], [335];
  • Cultures and study, [316];
  • gesture as Classical substitute, [316];
  • in Western tragedy, Classical contrast, [317-326].
  • See also [Morale]; [Soul]
• Chardin, Jean B. S., and French tradition, [289]
• Chares, Helios and gigantomachia, [291]
• Charity. See [Compassion]
• Charlemagne, analogies, [4], [38];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Charles XII of Sweden, analogy, [4]
• Chartres Cathedral, sculpture, [235], [261]
• Chemistry, thoughtless hypotheses, [156n.];
  • no Classical, [383];
  • Western so-called, [384];
  • as Arabian system, [384], [393];
  • new essence, entropy, [426].
  • See also [Natural science]
• Cheops, dynasty, [58n.]
• Chephren, dynasty, [58n.];
  • tomb-pyramid, [196], [203]
• Chian, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Children, Western portraiture, [266-268]. See also Motherland.
• Chinese Culture, historic feeling, [14];
  • imperialism, [37];
  • philosophers, [42], [45];
  • time-measurement, [134n.];
  • ancestral['ancestral] worship, [135n.];
  • and care, [136];
  • attitude toward state, [137];
  • economic organization, [138];
  • destiny-idea, landscape as prime symbol, [190], [196], [203];
  • lack of early art survivals, [190n.];
  • and tutelage, [213];
  • music, [228];
  • gardening, [240];
  • bronzes, patina, [253n.];
  • portraiture, [260], [262];
  • Civilization, [295];
  • soul, perspective as expression, [310n.];
  • passive morale, [315], [341], [347];
  • and discovery, [333], [336];
  • political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Cultures]
• Chippendale, Thomas, position, [150n.]
• Chivalry, southern type, [233n.]
• Chorus, in art-history, [191];
  • in Classical tragedy, [324]
• Chosroes-Nushirvan, art of period, [203]
• Chóu Li, on Chóu dynasty, [137]
• Chóu Period, and care, [137];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Christianity, comparisons, [4];
  • Eastern, and historical-periods, [22n.];
  • and poor Stoics, [33n.];
  • as Arabian, [72], [402];
  • Mary-cult, Madonna in art, [136], [267], [268];
  • destiny in Western, [140];
  • architectural expression of early, [208-211];
  • colour and gold as symbols, [247-250];
  • in Western art, spiritual space, [279];
  • dualism in early, [306];
  • “passion”, [320n.];
  • Eastern, and home, [335];
  • Western transformation of morale, [344], [347], [348];
  • and Buddhism, [357];
  • of Fathers and Crusades, [357n.];
  • missionarism, [360];
  • God-man problem as alchemistic, [383];
  • and mechanical necessity, miracles, [392], [393];
  • elements of Western, [399-401];
  • foreign gods as titles, [408n.]
  • See also [Religion]
• Chronology, relation of Classical Culture, [9], [10];
  • as number, [97], [153n.];
  • and the when, [126];
  • and archæology, [134].
  • See also [History]
• Chrysippus, and Stoicism, [33], [358];
  • and corporeality, [177]
• Chuang-tsü, practical philosophy, [45]
• Chun-Chiu Period, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Cicero, M. Tullius, analogy, [4]
• Cimabue, Giovanni, and nature, [192];
  • and Byzantine art, [238];
  • and Francis of Assisi, [249n.];
  • and portraiture, [273]
• Cimarosa, Domenico, ease, [292]
• Cistercians, soul, [360]
• Citizenship, Classical concept, [334]. See also [Politics]
• Civilization, defined, as destiny of a Culture, [31-34], [106], [252], [353], [354];
  • and the “become”, [31], [46];
  • and megalopolitanism, [32], [35];
  • money as symbol, [34-36];
  • and economic motives, [35];
  • imperialism, [36];
  • destiny of Western, [37], [38];
  • and scepticism, [46], [409];
  • Alexander-idea, [150];
  • English basis of Western, [151], [371];
  • Western, effect on history, [151];
  • so-called art, [197], [293-295];
  • style histories, [207];
  • Western painting, plein-air, [251], [288], [289];
  • and gigantomachia, [291];
  • Manet and Wagner, [293];
  • transvaluation of values, striving, [351], [353];
  • Nihilism and inward finishedness, [352];
  • manifestations, [353], [354];
  • problematic and plebeian morale, [354], [355];
  • and irreligion, [358];
  • diatribe as phenomenon, [359];
  • and biological philosophies, philosophical essence, [361], [367];
  • natural science, [417];
  • contemporary spiritual epochs, table [i];
  • contemporary art epochs, table [ii];
  • contemporary political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Cultures]
• Clarke, Samuel, and imperialism, [150]
• Classical Culture, philosophy, culmination, [3], [45];
  • ahistoric basis, [8-10], [12n.], [97], [103], [131-135], [254], [255], [264], [363];
  • and chronology, [9], [10n.];
  • and geography, [10n.];
  • religious expression, bodied pantheon, later monotheistic tendencies, [10], [11], [13], [187], [312], [397], [398], [402-408];
  • and mortality, funeral customs, [13], [134];
  • portraiture, [13], [130], [264], [265], [269], [272];
  • and archæology, [14];
  • and measurement of time, [15];
  • mathematic, [15], [63-65], [69], [77], [83], [84], [90];
  • contemporary Western periods, [26];
  • Western views, ideology, [27-31], [76], [81], [237], [238], [243], [254], [270], [323];
  • “Classical” and “antike”, [28n.];
  • civilization, Rome, Stoicism, [32-34], [36], [44], [294], [352];
  • cosmology, astronomy, [63], [68], [69], [147], [330];
  • cultural significance of mathematic, [65-67], [70];
  • and algebra, [71];
  • surviving forms under Arabian Culture, [72], [73], [208];
  • opposition to Western soul, [78];
  • and space, [81-84], [88], [175n.];
  • “smallness”, [83];
  • relation to proportion and function, [84], [85];
  • popularity, [85], [254], [326-328];
  • and destiny-idea, dramatic illustration, [129], [130], [143], [146], [147], [317-326], [424];
  • care and sex attitude, family and home, [136], [266-268], [334-337];
  • attitude toward state, [137], [147];
  • and economic organization, [138];
  • actualization of the corporeal only, sculpture, [176-178], [225], [259-261];
  • soul, attributes, [183], [304], [305];
  • architectural expression, [184], [198], [224];
  • weak style, [203];
  • art-work and sense-organ, [220];
  • and music, [223], [227];
  • and form and content, [242];
• and composition, [243];
  • colour, [245-247];
  • nature idea, statics, [263], [382-384], [392];
  • and discovery, [278];
  • painting, [287];
  • will-less-ness, [309], [310];
  • lack of character, gesture as substitute, [316];
  • art and time of day, [325];
  • morale, ethic of attitude, [341], [342], [347], [351];
  • and “action”, [342n.];
  • cult and dogma, [401], [410];
  • and strange gods, [404];
  • scientific periods, [424];
  • spiritual epochs, table [i];
  • art epochs, table [ii];
  • political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Art]; [Cultures]; [Renaissance]; [Science]
• Classicism, and dying Culture, [108];
  • defined, [197];
  • period in style, [207]
• Claude Lorrain, landscape as space, [184];
  • “singing” picture, [219];
  • and ruins, [254];
  • colour, [246], [288];
  • period, [283];
  • landscape as portrait, [287]
• Cleanliness, cultural attitude, [260]
• Cleisthenes, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Cleomenes III, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Cleon, and economic organization, [138]
• Clepsydra, Plato’s, [15]
• Clock, and historic consciousness, [14];
  • religious aspect, [15n.];
  • cultural attitude, [131], [134]
• Clouds, in paintings, [239]
• Cluniac reform, and architecture, [185]
• Clytæmnestra, and Helen, [268]
• Cnidian Aphrodite, [108], [268]
• Cnossos art, [224n.], [293];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Cobbett, William, population theory, [185n.]
• Cognition, and nature, [94], [102], [103]
• Colleoni, Bartolommeo, statue, [238], [272]
• Colosseum, and real Rome, [44];
  • form type, [204];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Colossus of Rhodes, and gigantomachia, [291]
• Colour, Goethe’s theory, [157n.], [158n.];
  • and depth-experience, [242];
  • Classical and Western use, symbolism, [245-247];
  • Western blue and green, [245];
  • Arabian Culture and gold, [247-249];
  • brushwork and motion-quality, [249];
  • studio-brown, as symbol, [250], [288];
  • Leonardo’s sense, [280];
  • plein-air, [288].
  • See also [Painting]
• Columbus, Christopher, and Spanish ascendency, [148];
  • and Leonardo, [278];
  • and space and will, [310], [337];
  • spiritual result, [334]
• Column, as symbol, [166], [184], [214], [260n.], [345];
  • Classical orders, [204];
  • and arch, [214], [236]
• Compass, symbolism, [333]
• Compassion, times and meaning, [347-351];
  • and Socialism, [362]
• Composition in art, cultural basis, [243]
• Comprehension, qualities, [99]
• Comte, Auguste, provincialism, [24];
  • and economic ascendency, [367], [373];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Confession, as Western symbol, [131], [140], [261], [264];
  • absence in Renaissance art, [273]
• Confucius, and actuality, [42];
  • and analogies, [357]
• Conic sections, contemporaries, table [i]
• Conquest, as Western concept, [336]
• Consciousness, phases, [154]
• Consecutives in church music, [188]
• Conservation of energy, and causality, [393];
  • and first law of thermodynamics, [413];
  • and concept of infinity, [418];
  • and entropy, [420-424]
• Constable, John, significance of colour, [251];
  • and impressionism, [288]
• Constantine the Great, and artistic impotence, [294];
  • as caliph, [405];
  • religion, [407]
• Constantinople. See [Byzantium]; [Haggia Sophia]
• Consus, materiality, [403]
• Contemplation, defined, [95]
• Contemporaneity, intercultural, [26], [112], [177], [202n.], [220];
  • number paradigm, [90];
  • Classical sculpture and Western music, [226], [283], [284], [291];
  • in physical theories, [386];
  • spiritual epochs, table [i];
  • culture epochs, table [ii];
  • political epochs, table [iii]
• Contending States, period in China, homology, [111]
• Content, and form, [242], [270]
• Contrition, sacrament as Western symbol, [261], [263]
• Conversion, impossibility, [345]
• Copernicus, Classical anticipation of system, [68], [139];
  • and destiny, [94];
  • discovery and Western soul, [310], [330], [331]
• Corelli, Arcangelo, sonatas, [226], [283];
  • and dominance of music, [231];
  • colour expression, [252n.];
  • Catholicism, [268n.]
• Corinth, and unknown gods, [404]
• Corinthian column, contemporaries, table [ii]. See also [Column]
• Corneille, Pierre, and unities, [323]
• Corot, Jean B. C., colour, [246], [289];
  • and nude, [271];
  • impressionism, [286];
  • landscape as portrait, [287];
  • ease, [292]
• Cosmogonies, contemporaries, table [i]
• Cosmology, cultural attitude, [63], [68], [69], [147], [330-332].
  • See also [Astronomy]
• Counterpoint, and Gothic, [229];
  • and fugue, [230].
  • See also [Music]
• Counter-Reformation, Michelangelo and spirit, [275]
• Couperin, François, pastoral music, [240];
  • colour expression, [252n.]
• Courbet, Gustave, landscapes, [288-290]
• Courtyards, Renaissance, [235]
• Cousin, Victor, and economic ascendency, [367]
• Coysevox, Antoine, sculpture, [232];
  • decoration, [245]
• Cranach, Lucas, and portraiture, [270]
• Crassus Dives, M. Licinius, and city of Rome, [34]
• Cremation, as cultural symbol, [134]
• Cresilas, and portraiture, [130n.], [269]
• Crete, inscriptions, [12n.];
  • Minoan art, [198]
• Cromwell, Oliver, and imperialism, [149];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Crusades, symbolism, [15n.], [198];
  • and Trojan War, [27];
  • Christianity, [357n.];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Ctesiphon, school, [63]
• Cult and dogma, cultural attitudes, [401], [410], [411];
  • in natural science, [412]
• Cultures, Spengler’s morphological theory, [xi];
  • obligatory stages, symbols, [3], [4], [6], [38], [39];
  • superficial and real analogies, [4], [6], [27], [38];
  • theory of distinct cycles, [21], [22], [31], [78];
  • divergent viewpoints, [23], [46], [131];
  • as organisms, mortality, [26], [104], [109], [167];
  • contemporary periods, [26], [112], [177], [202n.], [220];
  • Civilization as destiny, [31-34], [106], [252], [353], [354];
  • symmetry, [47];
  • and notion of the world, language, [55];
  • physiognomic meaning as essence of history, [55], [101], [104], [105];
  • mathematical aspects, separation, [57-63], [67], [70];
  • and universal validity, [60], [146], [178-180], [202], [287];
  • number-thought and world-idea, [70];
  • stages, [106], [107];
  • application of term “habit” or “style”, [108], [205];
  • recapitulation in life of individuals, [110];
  • homologous forms, [111];
  • separate destiny-ideas, [129], [145];
  • comparative study, [145n.];
  • as interpretation of soul, [159], [180], [302-304], [307], [313], [314];
  • cultural and intercultural macrocosm, [165];
  • particular, and nature, [169];
  • kind of extension as symbol, [173-175];
  • actualization of depth-experience, [175];
  • plurality of prime symbols, [179], [180];
  • tutelage, [213];
  • art forms and spiritualities, [214-216];
  • arts of form as symbolic expression, [219];
  • significance of species of art, [222-224];
  • as bases of morale, [315], [345-347];
  • and times of day, [325];
  • and nature-law, [377-380], [382], [387];
  • scientific period, [381];
  • religious springtimes, [399-402];
  • renunciation, second religiousness, [424];
  • characteristics of seasons, table [i];
  • contemporary art epochs, table [ii];
  • contemporary political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Arabian]; [Art]; [Chinese]; [Classical]; [Egyptian]; [History]; [Indian]; [Macrocosm]; [Morphology]; [Nature]; [Spirit]; [Western]
• Cupid, as art motive, [266]
• Cupola. See [Dome]
• Curtius Rufus, Quintus, biography of Alexander, [4]
• Cusanus, Nikolaus. See [Nicholas of Cusa]
• Cuyp, Albert, landscape as portrait, [287]
• Cyaxares, and Henry the Fowler, [4]
• Cybele, cult, [406]
• Cynics, practicality, [45];
  • morale, [203], [342];
  • and digestion, [361];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Cypress, as symbol, [396]
• Cyrenaics, practicality, [45];
  • contemporaries, table [i]

• Dante Alighieri, historical consciousness, [14], [56], [142], [159];
  • influence of Joachim of Floris, [20];
  • and vision, [96];
  • homology, [111];
  • and popularity, [243];
  • and confession, [273];
  • and psychology, [319];
  • and time of day, [325n.];
  • esoteric, [328];
  • morale, [355];
  • variety of religion, [394];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Danton, Georges, adventurer, [149]
• Darwinism and evolution, and Socialism, [35], [370-372];
  • and practical philosophy, [45];
  • morphology and vision, [104n.], [105];
  • Goethe and, [111n.];
  • and teleology, [120];
  • and destiny, [140];
  • and cultural art-theory, [141n.];
  • and usefulness, [155];
  • and biological politics, [156];
  • nature and God, [312];
  • anticipation, Darwin’s political-economic application, [369-373];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Daumier, Honoré, act and portrait, [271n.];
  • and grand style, [290]
• David, Pierre Jean, naturalism, [212]
• Dea Cælestis, [406]
• Death, and historical consciousness, [13];
  • and become, [54], [167];
  • Cultures and funeral customs, [134], [135], [185];
  • and space, [166];
  • and world-fear and symbolism, [166];
  • stone as emblem, [188];
  • and ornament, [195]
• Decoration, architectural, [196];
  • Gothic, and bodilessness, [199];
  • Arabian, [208], [212];
  • mosaic, [214];
  • Acanthus motive, [215].
  • See also #Ornament#
• Dedekind, Richard, notation, [77], [95]
• Definitions, and destiny, xiv;
  • fundamental, [53-56]
• Deism, cause, [187], [412];
  • concept, [312n.];
  • Baroque, and mechanics, [412].
  • See also [Religion]
• Deities, cultural basis, [312]. See also [Religion]
• Delacroix, Ferdinand V. E., and impressionism, [288];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Delphi, Polygnotus’s frescos, [243]
• Demeter cult, [83];
  • spring festivals, [320];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Demeter of Knidos, statue, [136]
• Demetrius of Alopeke, and portraiture, [130], [269]
• Democracy, decay by formalism, [35];
  • contemporary periods, table [iii].
  • See also [Politics]
• Democritus, and corporeality, [177];
  • and ego, [311];
  • cosmology, [331];
  • atoms, [385];
  • Leibniz as contemporary, [386];
  • and motion, [389];
  • and mechanical necessity, [392-394];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Demosthenes, statue, [270]
• Depth-experience, significance, [168], [169], [172-174];
  • and number, [171];
  • and time, [172], [173];
  • realization as cultural symbol, [173-175];
  • in Western painting, [239], [246];
  • in Western gardening, [240];
  • and destiny, [241];
  • and philosophy in art, [243];
  • in portrait, [263], [266];
  • and impressionism, [285-287];
  • and will, [311];
  • in Socialism, [361];
  • and natural science, [380], [386], [394];
  • Western God-feeling, [395];
  • cathedral and organ, [396].
  • See also [Destiny]; [Space]
• Desargues, Girard, mathematic, [75]
• Descartes, René, civic world-outlook, [33];
  • and actuality, [42];
  • style, [61];
  • mathematics and religion, [66];
  • relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
  • and new number-idea, [74], [75], [81], [88], [90], [126], [188];
  • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
  • and Jansenists, [314n.];
  • as thinker, [366];
  • thinking and being, [387];
  • on force, [413]
• Des Près, Josquin, music, [230]
• Destiny, and pessimism, [xiv];
  • historical, [3], [4], [6], [38-41];
  • as logic of time, [7];
  • acceptance, [40], [44];
  • in World War, [47];
  • fulfilment of Western mathematic, [90];
  • of a Culture, [106], [145];
  • and causality, [117-121];
  • soul and predestination, [117];
  • organic logic, [117];
  • and time and space, [119], [120];
  • and idea, [121];
  • in art, revolts, [127], [128], [233];
  • separate cultural ideas, illustrations, [129-131], [145-149], [189], [190], [424];
  • in Western Christianity, [140], [141];
  • and incident, [138-141], [144];
  • and nature, [142];
  • Classical “fate”, body and personality, [143], [147];
  • youth, [152];
  • and Western depth-experience, [241];
  • patina as symbol, [253];
  • and motherhood, [267];
  • Western, and painting, [276n.];
  • ethic and soul’s view, [302], [346], [355];
  • and will, [308];
  • and Civilization, [360];
  • and causality in natural science, [379];
  • and decay of exact science, [422-424].
  • See also [Becoming]; [Causality]; [Civilization]; [History]; [Time]
• Devil, disappearance, [187];
  • and Arabian dualism, [312], [363]
• Diadochi, period as episode, [149], [151]
• Diagoras, character of atheism, [408n.];
  • condemnation, [411]
• Diatribe, as phenomenon of Civilization, [359]
• Dido, cult, [406n.]
• Diet, and Civilization, [361]
• Diez, Feodor, significance of colour, [252]
• Differential calculus, as symbol, [15]. See also [Calculus]
• Dimension, abstract notion, [89];
  • significance of depth, [168];
  • singularity, [169n.]
• Dinzenhofer, Kilian I., architecture, [285]
• Diocletian, as caliph, [72], [212], [405];
  • as epoch, [149];
  • and Mithras 406
• Diogenes, morale, [203];
  • and deity, [313];
  • Indian kinship, [347], [357]
• Dionysiac movement, Alexander and legend, [8];
  • contemporaries, homology, [27], [110], table [i];
  • as revolt, [233], [356];
  • spring festival, [320], [321], [324]
• Dionysius I, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Diophantus, algebra, and Arabian Culture, [63], [71-73], [383]
• Dipylon vases, [73], [107], [196]
• Direction, and time and becoming, [54], [56];
  • and extension, [99], [172];
  • and dimension, [169n.];
  • and will, [308];
  • and aim, [361].
  • See also [Time]
• Discant, music, [229]
• Discobolus, Myron’s, [263], [265]
• Discovery, as Western trait, [278], [279], [332];
  • and space and will, [310], [337];
  • spiritual results, [334]
• Divinities. See [Religion]
• Dogma and cult, cultural attitude, [401], [410], [411];
  • in natural science, [412]
• Doliche, Baal, [407]
• Dome, as Arabian art expression, [210]
• Dome of the Rock, characteristics, [200]
• Dominicans, influence of Joachim of Floris, [20]
• Domitian, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Donatello, and Gothic, [225n.];
  • “David”, [265];
  • and portrait, [272]
• Doric, column as symbol, [9], [195];
  • and Gothic, [27];
  • timber style, [132];
  • and Ionic, [205];
  • and Egyptian, [213];
  • Western exclusion, [345];
  • contemporaries, table [ii], [iii].
  • See also [Architecture]; [Column]
• Dostoyevski, Feodor M., and Europe, [16n.];
  • Raskolnikov’s philosophy, [309];
  • and compassion, [350]
• Drama, cultural basis, Classical and Western, [128-131], [141n.], [143], [147], [148], [203], [255], [317-322], [347];
  • German, [290];
  • development of Classical, [320], [321];
  • cultural basis of form, unities, [322], [323];
  • undeveloped Western, [323];
  • Classical elimination of individuality, [323];
  • chorus, [324];
  • and time of day, [324];
  • attitude toward scene, [325];
  • and cultural basis of morale, [347];
  • and philosophy of Western activism, [368], [372];
  • Classical, and atomic theory, [386]
• Dresden, architecture, [207], [285];
  • chamber music, [232]
• Droem, autumnal accent, [241]
• Dryads, passivity, [336];
  • materiality, [403]
• Dschang Yi, and imperialism, [37]
• Dualism, in Arabian Culture, [305-307], [363];
  • and will and reason, [309];
  • in religion, [312]
• Dühring, Eugen Karl, position in Western ethics, [373]
• Dürer, Albrecht, historical heads, [103];
  • colour, [245], [250];
  • and act and portrait, [270]
• Dufay, Guillaume, music, in Italy, [230], [236]
• Duns Scotus, historical place, [72];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Dunstaple, John, music, [230]
• Duration. See [Life]
• Durham, palatinate, [349n.]
• Dyck, Anthony van. See [Van Dyck]
• Dynamics, as Western system, [384], [393]. See also [Natural science]

• Eckhardt, Meister, on imitation, [191];
  • mysticism, [213];
  • egoism, [335];
  • wisdom and intellect, [409];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Economic motives. See [Money]
• Economic organization, cultural attitude toward care, [138]
• Economics, and Western practical ethics, [367-369].
  • See also [Politics]; [Socialism]
• Eddas, space-expression, [185], [187];
  • and Western religion, [400], [423];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Edessa, school, [63], [381];
  • and Arabian art, [209];
  • Baal, [407]
• Edfu, temple, [294]
• Edward I of England, and archery, [333n.]
• Edward III of England, and archery, [333n.]
• Egoism, in Western Culture, [262], [302], [309], [335]
• Egyptian Culture, historic aspect, [12];
  • and immortality, [13];
  • and pure number, [69];
  • historical basis, funeral custom, [135];
  • and care, [136];
  • and Mary-cult, [137];
  • attitude toward state, [137];
  • economic organization, [138];
  • stone as symbol, [188];
  • destiny-idea, path as prime symbol, [188], [189];
  • architectural expression, [189], [202];
  • brave style, [201-203];
  • and tutelage, [213];
  • streets, [224];
  • art composition, [243];
  • sculpture, [248n.], [266];
  • and portrait, [262];
  • Civilization, [294], [295];
  • view of soul, [305];
  • morale, [315];
  • and discovery, [332];
  • and Socialism, [347];
  • and man-deification, [405n.];
  • art epochs, table [ii];
  • political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Cultures]; arts by name, especially [Architecture]
• Egyptianism, contemporary periods, table [iii]
• Eichendorff, Joseph von, poetry, [289]
• Eleatic philosophy, and motion, [305n.], [388], [390]
• Elements, cultural concepts of physical, [383], [384]. See also [Atomic theories]; [Natural science]
• Eleusinian mysteries, dramatic imitation, [320]
• Elis, treaty, [10n.]
• Emigration, cultural attitude, [336]
• Empedocles, elements, [327], [383], [384];
  • on atoms, [386]
• Emperor-worship, [405], [407], [411]
• Empire style, as Classicism, [207];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Encyclopedists, contemporaries, table [i]
• Energy, and voluntas, [310n.]
• Engels, Friedrich, and Hegelianism, [367];
  • position in Western ethics, [373]
• England, Manchester system and Western Civilization, [29], [151], [371];
  • imperialism and Napoleonic epoch, [149-151]
• Enlightenment, Age of, and movement, [155];
  • effect on monasticism, [316n.];
  • and tolerance, [343];
  • and cult and dogma, [411]
• Entelechy, ahistoric aspect, [15]
• Entropy, theory, formulations, [420];
  • effect, [421-424]
• Epaminondas, and invented history, [11]
• Ephesus, Council of, and Godhead, [209]
• Epic, and religion, [399-402]
• Epictetus, and Jesus, [347]
• Epicureanism, practicality, [45];
  • morale, [315];
  • and will, [341], [342];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Epicurus, Indian kinship, [347];
  • character of Nihilism, [357];
  • and Socialism, [358];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • and ethics, [367];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Epigoni, and Socialism, [374]
• Epistemology, and history, [119], [355]
• Epochs, personal and impersonal, [148]. See also [Incident]; [Destiny]
• Epos, contemporaries of popular, table [i]
• Erastosthenes, as creator, [425]
• Erechtheum, in style history, [108], [207]
• Eroticism. See [Sex]
• Esoterics, in Western Culture, [326-329].
  • See also [Popularity]
• Etching, Leonardo’s relation, [281];
  • as Western art, [290]
• Ethics, relation to Culture, [354];
  • period in philosophy, [365-367];
  • socio-economic character of Western, [367-369];
  • dramatical presentation of Western, [368], [372];
  • evolution theory, aspects, [369-372];
  • landmarks of Western, [373], [374];
  • exhaustion of period, [374].
  • See also [Metaphysics]; [Morale]; [Philosophy]
• Etruscan, round-buildings, [211n.];
  • contemporaries of discipline, table [i]
• Eucharist, cultural significance, [185], [186];
  • as centre of Western Christianity, [247]
• Euclid, mathematical style, [59], [64], [65];
  • limitation of geometry, [67], [88];
  • mathematical position, [90];
  • parallel axiom, [176n.]
  • See also [Geometry]
• Eudoxus, and higher powers, [66];
  • and infinity, [69], [69n.];
  • and mathematic, [78], [90]
• Euler, Leonhard, mathematic, [78], [90];
  • and differentials, [86];
  • and time, [126];
  • contemporaries, [231], table [i]
• Euripides, unpopularity, [35];
  • foreshadowing by, [111];
  • end-art, [223];
  • tragic method, [319]
• Europe, as historical term, [16n.]
• Evolution. See [Darwinism]
• Exhaustion-method of Archimedes, [69]
• Experience, and historical sense, [10];
  • lived and learned, [55];
• in Western concept of nature, [393];
  • and faith, [394];
  • and theory, [395]
• Experiment, and experience, [393]
• Exploration. See [Discovery]
• Expressionism, farce, [294]
• Extension, and direction, [99], [172];
  • and reason, [308].
  • See also [Space]
• Eyck, Jan van, portraits, [272], [309];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Eye, in sculpture, [329]

• Façades, cultural significance, [224];
  • Renaissance, [235]
• Fact, and theory, [378]
• Fairies, cultural attitude, [336], [403]
• Faith, and Western mathematic, [78].
  • See also [Religion]
• Family, Western portraits, [266];
  • Civilization and race-suicide, [359].
  • See also [Motherhood]
• Faraday, Michael, and theory, [100], [378], [416]
• Farnese Bull, theatrical note, [291]
• Fate, cultural attitude, [129].
  • See also [Destiny]
• Faunus, materiality, [403]
• Faustian soul, explained, [183]. See also [Western Culture]
• Fauxbourdon, music, [229]
• Fayum, [58n.]
• Fear, and Classical and Western tragedy, [321]
• Federigo of Urbino, portrait, [279]
• Feeling, and “proper,” [53]
• Fermat, Pierre de, relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
  • mathematic style, [74], [75], [90];
  • problem, [76], [77];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Feudalism, contemporary periods, table [iii]
• Feuerbach, Anselm von, act and portrait, [271n.]
• Feuerbach, Ludwig A., provincialism, [24];
  • position in Western ethics, [373];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Fichte, Johann G., basis of Socialism, [362], [374];
  • esoteric, [369];
  • and mathematics, [374];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Fifty-year period, cultural rhythm, [110]
• Fischer von Erlach, Johann B., architecture, [285]
• Flaminius, C., and economic motive, [36];
  • and imperialism, [37]
• Fleury, Andre, Cardinal de, policy, [4], [349]
• Florence, culture city, loss of prestige [29], [33];
  • cathedral, [184], [238];
  • and Arabian Culture, [211];
  • and Renaissance, [233-238];
  • and Northern art, [236];
  • character as state, [273].
  • See also [Renaissance]; [Savonarola]
• Fluxions, significance of Newton’s designation, [15n.]
• Fontainebleau, park, [240]
• Force, as undefinable Western concept, numen, [390], [391], [398], [402], [412-417];
  • stages of concept, [417];
  • contradictions, [418].
  • See also [Natural science]
• Forest, and Western cathedrals, [396]
• Form, and law, [97];
  • and music, [219];
  • and content, [242], [270]
• Forum of Nerva, craft-art, [198], [215]
• Forum of Trajan, ornament, [215]
• Fouquet, Nicolas, and gardening, [241]
• Four-part movement, [231]
• Fourteen Helpers, [400]
• Fourth dimension, and Classical mathematic, [66];
  • and time and space, [124]
• Fox, Charles James, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Fragonard, Jean H., and music, [232]
• France, and maturity of Western Culture, [148], [150];
  • plein-air painting, [288], [289]
• Francesca, Piero della, and static space, [237];
  • perspective, [240];
  • and artistic change, [279], [287]
• Francis of Assisi, art influence, [249n.];
  • morale, [348];
  • God-feeling, [395];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Francis I of France, and imperial crown, [148]
• Franciscans, influence of Joachim of Floris, [20]
• François Vase, composition, [244]
• Frau Holle, and Mary-cult, [267]
• Frau Venus, symbolism, [403]
• Frazer, Sir J. G., error on “Unknown God”, [404n.]
• Frederick the Great, and analogy, [4];
  • on chance, [142n.];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Frederick William I of Prussia, and Socialism, [138];
  • Egyptian kinship, [347]
• Frederick William IV of Prussia, and German unity, [145]
• Free will, and destiny, [140], 141. See also [Will]
• Freedom, and historical destiny, [39]
• Freiburg Minster, Viking Gothic, [213]
• French Revolution, incident and destiny in, [148], [149]
• Frescobaldi, Girolamo, music, [230]
• Frescos, Classical, and time of day, [225], [283], [325];
  • Renaissance, [237], [275];
  • displacement by oil, [279].
  • See also [Painting]
• Fresnel, Augustin J., light theory, [418]
• Friedrich, Kaspar D., and grand style, [289]
• Frigga, and Mary-cult, [267]
• Fronde, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Front, cultural basis of architectural, [224]
• Fugue, style and theme, [230], [231]
• Function, as symbol of Western Culture, [74-78];
  • and proportion, [84];
  • contrast with Classical construction, [85];
  • basis of Western number, thought, [86], [87];
  • Goethe’s definition, [86n.];
  • expansion in groups, aggregates, [89], [90], [426].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Funeral customs, as cultural symbol, [134], [135], [158]
• Future, youth as, [152];
  • cultural relation, [363]

• Gabrieli, Andrea, music, [252]
• Gabrieli, Giovanni, music, [226]
• Galen, as copyist, [425]
• Galileo, and natural philosophy, [7];
  • on nature and mathematics, [57];
  • and static idea, [236], [412];
  • dynamic world-picture, [311];
  • deeds of science, [355];
  • concept of force, [386], [415], [417];
  • and motion-problem, [390];
  • God-feeling, [396];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Gama, Vasco da, spiritual result, [334]
• Gardening, as Chinese religious art, [190];
  • Western, perspective, [240], [241];
  • Renaissance, [241];
  • English, and ruins, [254]
• Gaugamela, battle, [151]
• Gaul, Cæsar’s conquest, [36n.]
• Gauss, Karl F., style, [59];
  • artist-nature, [61];
  • mathematical position, [78], [85], [90], [176n.];
  • and nonperceptual geometry, [88];
  • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
  • and dimension, [170], [172];
  • and popularity, [327];
  • and metaphysics, [366];
  • goal of analysis, [418]
• Gaza, temple, [211]
• Gedon, Frau, Leibl’s portrait, [252n.], [266n.]
• Generations, spiritual relation, [110n.]
• Geography, Classical Culture and, [10n.];
  • influence on historical terms, [16n.]
  • See also [Discovery]
• Geology, and mineralogy, [96]
• Geometry, Kant’s error, [6n.], [170], [171];
  • art expression, [61];
  • limitation of Classical, [67], [83], [88];
  • Descartes and infinite, [74];
  • Western mathematic[mathematic] and term, [81];
  • Western liberation, [86], [170n.];
  • and arithmetic, [125], [126];
  • systems and corporeality, [176n.];
  • and popularity, cultural basis, [327].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• George, Henry, autumnal accent, [241]
• Gerbert. See [Sylvester II]
• Géricault, Jean L. A. T., and grand style, [290]
• Germany, union as destiny, [144];
  • and music and architecture, [285];
  • diversion from music to painting, [289]
• Germigny des Près, church as mosque, [201]
• Gernrode Cathedral, simplicity, [196];
  • and antique, [275n.]
• Gesture, as Classical symbol, [316];
  • in Classical tragedy, [317]
• Gesu, Il, church at Rome, façade, [313];
  • God-feeling, [395]
• Ghassanid Kingdom, [215]
• Ghiberti, Lorenzo, and Gothic, [225n.], [235], [238]
• Ghirlandaio, Il, Dutch influence, [236]
• Giacomo della Porta, architecture, [314];
  • God-feeling, [395]
• Gigantomachia, and decline of art, [291]
• Giorgione, Il, and impressionism, [239];
  • clouds, [240];
  • colour, [251], [252];
  • and body, [271]
• Giotto, childlike feeling, [212];
  • technique, [221];
  • and fresco-art, [237];
  • and Francis of Assisi, [249n.];
  • Gothic, [235], [274];
  • God-feeling, [395];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Giovanni Pisano, sculpture, [212], [235], [238], [263]
• Glass painting, Gothic and Venetian, [252];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Gluck, Christopher W., contemporary mathematics, [78], [90];
  • character of arias, [219n.];
  • music, [260];
  • period, [284]
• Gnostics, music, [228];
  • dualism, [248], [306];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Gobelins, and music, [232]
• God, Western, and will, [312]. See also [Religion]
• Görres, Jakob J. von, and dualism, [307]
• Goes, Hugo van der, in Italy, [236]
• Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, and living nature and vision, [vii], [95], [96], [105], [111n.], [113], [140], [154], [389];
  • influence on Spengler, [xiv];
  • historic consciousness, [14], [142], [159];
  • on life, [20];
  • on mankind, [21];
  • and world-as-history, [25], [99], [104];
  • as Classicist, [30];
  • and Darwinism, [35], [111n.], [370];
  • and actuality, [42], [43];
  • as philosopher, [49n.], [365n.];
  • on becoming and become, [49n.], [53];
  • and intuition, [56];
  • on vision and observation, [61];
  • and mathematics, [61], [65], [75];
  • and Plato’s Ideas, [70];
  • on function, [86n.];
  • on form and law, [97];
  • on symbols, [102n.];
  • on historiography, [103];
  • and morphology, [104n.], [111];
  • on blossoming of art, [107];
  • display of individuality, [110];
  • foreshadowing by, [111];
  • and causal effort, nature-studies, [118], [155-157], [422];
  • on reasonable order, [123];
  • and the Almighty, [124];
  • dramatic form, [129], [318];
  • destiny in life, [139], [145], [146], [281];
  • and imperialism, [149];
  • theory of colour, [157n.], [158n.], [246];
  • as Kant’s opposite, [159];
  • and style as organism, [205];
  • and imagination, [220];
  • Northern pantheism, [250], [251n.];
  • on soul and body, [259];
  • lyrics, [286];
  • and confession, [300];
  • as biographer, [316];
  • and time of day, [324];
  • Faust as symbol of Civilization, [354];
  • ethical passion, [355];
  • variety of religion, [394];
  • and cult and dogma, [411];
  • on application of reason, [412];
  • and world-force, [413], [417];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Götterdämmerung, Christian form, [400]
• Gold, and Arabian Culture, [247];
  • contrasting Classical use, [253n.]
• Golden Age, cultural basis of concept, [363]
• Golden Legend, contemporaries, [400]
• Gorgias, autumnal accent, [207]
• Gospels, contemporaries, table [i]
• Gothic, and Doric, [27];
  • architecture, and depth-experience, [177], [184], [185], [187], [198-200];
  • cathedrals as ornament, [195];
  • sculpture, nude, cathedral groups, [196], [197], [227], [231], [261], [266], [272];
• as stage of style, [202];
  • and Arabian, borrowings, [211], [213];
  • musical association, [229], [230];
  • aliveness, [233];
  • in Italy, and Renaissance, [234-238];
  • esoteric, [243];
  • Italian, and Francis of Assisi, [249n.];
  • and later Western expression, [252];
  • and nature, [264];
  • philosophy, will and reason, [308];
  • God-feeling, [395];
  • forest, cathedral, and organ, [396];
  • contemporaries, tables [ii], [iii].
  • See also [Art]; [Western Culture]
• Goujon, Jean, sculpture, 244
• Government. See [Politics]
• Goya y Lucientes, Francisco, technique, [221];
  • act and portrait, [271n.], [264];
  • ease, [292];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Goyen, Jan van, landscape as portrait, [287]
• Gracchi, and economic organization, [138];
  • as incident, [139]
• Grace, and destiny, [140], [141]
• Granada, and Arabian Culture, [216]
• Grassmann, Hermann G., religion and mathematic, [70]
• Gravitation, shaky hypothesis, [418]
• Great Mother of Pessinus, Rome and cult, [405]
• Greco, El, clouds, [240]
• Greece, and Europe, [16n.] See also [Classical Culture]
• Green, symbolism, [245], [246]
• Gregory VII, pope, morale, [349]
• Grote, George, narrow Classicalism, [29]
• Groups, as culmination of Western mathematic, [89], [90], [427]
• Grünewald, Matthias, clouds, [240];
  • colour, [246], [250], [288];
  • and Renaissance, [274]
• Guardi, Francesco, painting, [207], [220]
• Guercino, Giovanni F. B., colour, [246];
  • and musical expression, [250]
• Guido d’ Arezzo, music, [228]
• Guido da Siena, and Madonna, [267]
• Guilhem of Poitiers, professionalism, [229n.]
• Gundisapora, school, [63]
• Gunpowder, relation to Baroque, [278n.], [333]
• Gymnastics, and sport, [35]

• Habit, applied to a Culture, [108]
• Hadrian, analogy, [4];
  • Pantheon as Arabian, [211]
• Hadrian’s Villa, type, [211n.]
• Haeckel, Ernst H., and Civilization, [252];
  • faith in names, [397n.]
• Hageladas, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Hagia Sophia, period, [108];
  • miracle, [130n.];
  • character, [184], [200];
  • mosque as resumption, [211];
  • acanthus motive, [215]
• Halo, history, [130n.]
• Hals, Frans, musical expression, [250];
  • period, [283]
• Hamadryads, materiality, [403]
• Han Dynasty, importance, [94];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Handel, George F., and dominance of music, [231];
  • colour expression, [252n.];
  • Catholicism, [268n.];
  • oratorios, [283]
• Hannibal, contemporaries, [112], table [iii];
  • historical position, [144];
  • ethical exception, [349]
• Happiness, and Classical ethic, [351]
• Harakiri, and Greek suicide, [204n.]
• Hardenberg, Karl A. von, reorganization of Prussia, [150n.]
• Harmodius, statue, [269n.]
• Haroun-al-Raschid, analogies, [38];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Hauran, basilica type, [210], [210n.]
• Haydn, Joseph, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
  • orchestration, [231];
  • colour expression, [252n.];
  • and Praxiteles, [284];
  • period, [284];
  • ease, [291];
  • as religious, [358]
• Hebbel, Friedrich, provincialism, [24];
  • and practical philosophy, [45];
  • on research and vision, [102];
  • and cultural contrasts, [128];
  • as dramatist, [143], [290];
  • causal effort, [156];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • nebulous aim, [363];
  • and Hegelianism, [367];
  • and economic ethics, [370], [371], [373];
  • character of atheism, [408n.]
• Hegel, Georg W. F., and history, [19], [22];
  • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • and critique of society, [367], [374];
  • esoteric, [369];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Heimarmene, in Classical tragedy, [320]
• Hei, and Valhalla, [400]
• Helen, and Kriemhild, [268]
• Helios, as god, [147n.], [402]
• Hellenism, contemporaries, [tables i], [ii]
• Hellenistic art period, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, time and mathematic, [64];
  • on natural science and mechanics, [377];
  • on electrolysis, [385n.];
  • Archimedes as contemporary, [386]
• Henry the Fowler, and Cyaxares, [4]
• Henry the Lion, morale, [349]
• Hera, Samian temple, [225n.]
• Heracles, Vatican torso, [255]
• Heracles legends, contemporaries, table [i]
• Heraclitus, morale, [268n.], [315], [343];
  • popularity, [327];
  • and Stoicism, [356];
  • wisdom[wisdom] and intellect, [409]
• Heræa, treaty, [10n.]
• Heræum of Olympia, timber construction, [132]
• Herbart, Johann F., ethics, [367]
• Herder, Johann G. von, and history, [19]
• Hermes, cults, [406]
• Hermes Trismegistus, and chemistry, [383]
• Herodotus, ahistoric consciousness, [9], [146]
• Hersfeld, and antique, [275n.]
• Hertz, Heinrich, and theory, [378];
  • and motion-problem, [391], [414], [416]
• Hesiod, contemporaries, table [i]
• Hilda, Saint, passing-bell, [134n.]
• Hildesheim Cathedral, simplicity, [196];
  • and antique, [275n.]
• Hipparchus, as scientist, [9], [330]
• Hippasus, irrational numbers and fate, [65n.]
• History, Spengler and morphology, [xi];
  • and destiny and causality, experiencing and thinking, [3], [118], [121], [151];
  • repetitions of expression-forms, [4], [27];
  • needed technique of analogies, [5];
  • consciousness, [8];
  • historic and ahistoric Cultures, [8-12], [97], [103], [132-136], [254], [255], [264], [363];
  • consciousness and attitude toward mortality, [13];
  • concept of morphology, [5-8], [26], [39], [100], [101];
  • form and form feeling, [15], [16];
  • irrational culminative division scheme, [16-18], [22];
  • origin of the scheme, [18];
  • Western development of it, [19], [20], [94];
  • theory of distinct Cultures, [21], [22];
  • provincialism of Western thinkers, [22-25];
  • world-as-history, thing-becoming, [25], [95];
  • single riddle, [48];
  • time essence, [49];
  • and intuition, [56];
  • definite sense and nature, [55], [57], [94];
  • and Culture, [55];
  • detached view, [93];
  • research and vision, [96], [102], [105], [142];
  • anti-historical and ahistorical, [97n.];
  • chronology, [97];
  • as original world-form, [98];
  • “scientific, possibility, [98], [153], [154];
  • and mechanistic world-conception, [99];
  • and direction and extension, [99], [100];
  • portraiture of Cultures, [101], [104], [105];
  • memory-picture, [103];
  • elements of form-world, [103], [104];
  • phenomena, [105], [106];
  • future task, organic culture-history, [105], [159];
  • stages of a Culture, [106-108];
  • preordained durations, [109];
  • homology, [111];
  • cultural contemporaneousness, [112];
  • enlarged possibilities, restoration and prediction, [112], [113];
  • teleology and materialistic conception, [121];
  • cultural basis of viewpoint, [131];
  • cultural symbols, clock;
  • bell, funeral customs, museums, [131], [134-136];
  • cultural feeling of care, [136-138];
  • judgment and life, [139];
  • incident and destiny, Western examples, [143], [148];
  • grandiose demand of Western, [145];
  • incidental character of Classical, [146], [147];
  • as actualizing of a soul, [147];
  • impersonal and personal epochs, [148];
  • effect of Civilization-period, [152];
  • and happening, [153];
  • causal harmonies, [153], [154], [158];
  • confusion in causal method, [155-157];
  • physiognomic investigation, [157];
  • symbolism, [163];
  • of styles, [205];
  • and cultural art expression, [249], [253];
  • and portrait, [264];
  • and will, [308];
  • and action, [343];
  • cultural opposition, [386];
  • in natural science, [389].
  • See also [Becoming]; [Destiny]; [Nature]; [Politics]; [Spirit]; [Time]
• Hittites, inscriptions, [12n.]
• Hobbema, Meyndert, colour, [246]
• Hobbes, Thomas, and actuality, [42]
• Hölderlin, Johann C. F., narrow Classicalism, [28n.];
  • autumnal accent, [241];
  • and confession, [264];
  • lyrics, [286];
  • and fatherland, [335]
• Hoffmann, Ernst T. A., “Johannes Kreisler”, [276n.], [285]
• Hogarth, William, position, [150n.], [283]
• Holbein, Hans, colour, [250];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Holy Grail legend, cultural significance, [186], [198];
  • elements, [213]
• Holy Roman Empire, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Home, Henry, on ruins, [254n.]
• Home, significance of term, [33n.];
  • cultural basis of conception, [83], [334-337].
  • See also [Politics]
• Homer, contemporaries, [27], table [i];
  • soul, [203], [305];
  • religion, [268n.];
  • gods, [312], [313];
  • popularity, [328];
  • and Classical ethics, [349]
• Homology, historical application, [111], [112]
• Horace, and duration, [65n.], [132]
• Horizon, and mathematics, [171];
  • in Western landscape painting, [239], [242]
• Horn, Georg, and term Middle Age, [22]
• Horoscopes, cultural attitude, [147]
• Houdon, Jean A., sculpture as painting, [245]
• Hucbald, music, [228]
• Hugo van der Goes. See [Goes]
• Huguenot wars, character, [33]
• Humboldt, Alexander von, Ethical Socialism, [374]
• Hus, John, contemporaries, table [i]
• Hwang-Ti, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Hygiene, as phenomenon of Civilization, [361]
• Hyksos Period, contemporaries, [111], tables [ii], [iii];
  • feebleness, [149]
• Hyksos Sphinx, [108], [262]
• Hypsicles, as Arabian thinker, [63]

• Iamblichus, on statues of gods, [216];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Ibn-al-Haitan, on light, [381]
• Ibn Kurra, contemporaries, table [i]
• Ibsen, Henrik, world-conception, [20];
  • provincialism, [24], [33n.];
  • sex problem, [35];
  • unpopularity, [35];
  • and practical philosophy, [45];
  • causal effort, [156];
  • tragic method, [318];
  • and morale, [346];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • character of Nihilism, [357];
  • journalism, [360];
  • nebulous aim, [363], [364];
  • and socio-economic ethics, [372-374]
• Iconoclasts, Arabian principle, [262];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Idea, and destiny, [121]
• Idolatry, Arabian iconoclasm, [262];
  • Classical attitude, [403]
• Iliad, spatial aspect, [198]
• Ilya Murometz, Russian saga, [201n.]
• Image, cultural basis of idea, [216]
• Imagination, music as channel, [220]
• Imitation, qualities and aim, [191-194];
  • opposition to ornament, [194-196];
  • period in architecture, [197];
  • in music, [228].
  • See also [Ornament]
• Imperialism, negative character of Roman, [36];
  • and Civilization, [36];
  • Western destiny, [37], [38];
  • origin of Western, Napoleon’s relation, [148];
  • cultural attitude, [336];
  • cultural contemporaries, table [iii]
• Impressionism, as space, [184];
  • beginning, [239];
  • Leonardo’s relation, [277];
  • full meaning, [285-287];
  • later plein-air, [288];
  • in Wagner’s music, [292]
• Improvisation, as manifestation, [195]
• Incident, world, [142];
  • and destiny, [138-144];
  • and cause, [142];
  • and style of existence, [142-147];
  • as basis of Western tragedy, [143];
  • historical use, 143.
  • See also [Destiny]
• India, Napoleon and, 150
• Indian Culture, ahistorical basis, [11], [12], [133];
  • anonymous philosophy, [12];
  • mathematic, [84], [178];
  • sex attitude, [136];
  • attitude toward state, [137];
  • morale, passive, [315], [341], [347];
  • Buddhism and Civilization, [352];
  • spiritual epochs, table [i].
  • See also [Buddhism]; [Cultures]
• Indo-Iranian art period, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Infinity, and Classical mathematic, [69];
  • in Western Culture, [74-76], [81-84];
  • and new notation, [76-78];
  • limit as a relation, [86];
  • and Western science, [418], 427.
  • See also [Depth-experience]; [Space]
• Innocent III, pope, and Western morale, 348
• Inquisition, and Western faith, 410
• Integral calculus. See [Calculus]
• Intellect, and nature, 157. See also [Will]
• Intelligence, and atheism, 409
• Interregnum, Germanic, period as episode, 149
• Intuition, and learning, [55], 56
• Ionic, and Doric, [205];
  • contemporaries, tables ii, iii.
  • See also [Architecture]; [Column]
• Irak, synagogue music, 228
• Irrationalism, cultural attitude, [64-66], [68], 83
• Isis, motherhood, [137];
  • cult, [406], 407
• Islam, analogy to Mohammed, [39];
  • Mohammed as epoch, [149];
  • architectural expression, [208], [209], [211];
  • iconoclasm, [262];
  • and home, [335];
  • Mohammed’s unimposed mystic benefits, [344n.];
  • Puritanism, [356];
  • Mohammed’s contemporaries, table [i];
  • fatalism period, table [i].
  • See also [Arabian Culture]; [Religion]
• Issus, battle, mosaic, [214]
• Italy, liberation as episode, [151];
  • and music, [230]
• I-Wang, contemporaries, table [iii]

• Jacobins, and reason and will, [308]
• Jacopo della Quercia, and ornament, [238]
• Jahn, Friedrich L., and gymnastics, [35n.]
• James, Henry, on ruins, [254n.]
• Jansenism, and theoretical science, [66], [314n.];
  • Puritanism, [356];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Janus, materiality, [403]
• Japan, harakiri, [204n.];
  • art and the nude, [262n.]
• Jason of Pheræ, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Jesuitism, and Baroque architecture, [313];
  • style in science, [412].
  • See also [Loyola]
• Jesus, as Son of Man, [309];
  • and Arabian morale, [344], [347];
  • unimposed glad tidings, [344n.]
  • See also [Christianity]
• Joachim of Floris, world-conception, [19], [229], [261];
  • and “passion”, [320n.];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• John, Saint, and world-history, 18n.;
  • dualism in Gospel, [306]
• Journalism, as phenomenon of Civilization, [360]
• Judaism, architectural expression, [209], [211n.];
  • psalmody, [228];
  • Kabbala, dualism, [248], [307], [312];
  • and home [335].
  • See also [Arabian Culture]
• Judgment, and necessity, [393]
• Julius II, pope, Raphael’s portrait, [272]
• Juppiter Dolichenus, cult, [406n.]
• Juppiter Feretrius, temple and oath, [406]
• Juppiter Optimus Maximus, cult, [406]
• Jurisprudence, esoteric Western, [328]
• Justinian, period of fulfilment, [107];
  • and Hagia Sophia, [130n.]
• Justus van Gent, in Italy, [236]

• Kabbala, dualism, [248], [307]
• Kalaam, determinism, [307]
• Kant, Emmanuel, and space and time, [6n.], [7], [64], [122], [124-126], [143], [169], [170], [173-175];
  • and history, [19];
  • provincialism, [23];
  • contemporaries, [27], table [i];
  • final Western systematic philosophy, [45], [365-367];
  • as philosopher of Being, [49n.];
  • and nature and mathematics, [57], [64], [68], [78], [366], [379];
  • a priori error, [59];
  • mechanistic world-conception, [99];
  • and causality and destiny, [118-120], [151];
  • and the Almighty, [124];
  • and incident, [143];
  • as Goethe’s opposite, [159];
  • on knowledge of thought, [299];
  • egoism, [310], [335];
  • esoteric, [327];
  • and compassion, [350], [362];
  • and ethics, [354], [355];
  • and materialism, [368];
  • on judgment, [393];
  • on force, [413]
• Karlstadt, Andreas R., contemporaries, table [i]
• Karma, Buddhist interpretation, [357]
• Karnak, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Katharsis, Classical, [322], [347].
  • See also [Drama]
• Kelvin, Lord, and æther, [418]
• Kepler, Johan, mathematic and religion, [71], [330];
• horoscope for Wallenstein, [147];
  • deeds of science, [355];
  • and mass, [415]
• Kirchhoff, Gustav R., on physics and motions, [388]
• Kishi, church architecture, [201n.]
• Kismet, [129], [307].
  • See also [Destiny]
• Klein, Felix, and groups, [90]
• Kleist, Heinrich B. W. von, as dramatist, [290]
• Kleisthenes of Sikyon, tyranny, [33]
• Knowledge, comparative forms, [59], [60];
  • virtue and power, [362];
  • and feeling, [365];
  • as naming of numina, [397]
• Kriemhild, and Helen, [268]
• Krishna worship, and sex, [136n.]
• Kwan-tsi, and actuality, [42]

• Lagrange, Comte, mathematic, [66], [78], [90];
  • on mechanics, [124];
  • and force, [417];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• La Hale, Adam de, operetta, [229]
• Landscape, as Chinese prime symbol, [174], [190], [196], [203];
  • horizon in painting, [239];
  • Western gardening, [240];
  • Baroque, as portrait 270n., [287];
  • plein-air, [288], [289];
  • and dramatic scene, [326]
• Lanfranc, controversy, [185]
• Langton, Stephen, as warrior, [349n.]
• Language, of Culture, [55];
  • word and number, [57];
  • beginning of word-sense, [57];
  • paired root-words, [127];
  • personality-idea in Western, [262], [302], [309], [310], [413n.];
  • as cultural function, [302n.]
  • See also [Names]; [Writing]
• Laocoön group, theatrical note, [291];
  • and Pre-Socratic philosophy, [305]
• Lao-tse, and imperialism, [37];
  • and actuality, [42].
• Laplace, Marquis Pierre de, mathematic, [78], [90];
  • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
  • and force, [413], [417]
• Lasso, Orlando, style, [230]
• Lateran Council, and Western Christianity, [247]
• Latin, as Stoic creation, [361]
• Lavoisier, Antoine L., chemistry, [384], [426]
• Law, and form, [97]
• League of Nations, Chinese ideas, [37]
• Learning, and intuition, [55], [56]
• Legends, contemporary, table [i]
• Legnano, battle, a symbol, [349]
• Leibl, Wilhelm, significance of colour, [252];
  • portraiture, [266];
  • and body, [271];
  • and grand style, [289-291];
  • etching, [290];
  • striving, [292]
• Leibniz, Baron von, and actuality, [42];
  • mathematics, metaphysics, and religion, [56], [66], [70], [126], [366], [394];
  • relation to Classical mathematic, [69];
  • calculus, [75], [78], [82], [84], [90];
  • and vision, [105];
  • and Nicholas of Cusa, [236];
  • esoteric, [327];
  • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
  • monads as quanta of action, [385];
  • Democritus as contemporary, [386];
  • and force, [413], [415-417];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Leipzig, battle, issue, [35]
• Lenbach, Franz von, copyist, [295]
• Le Nôtre, André, gardening, [240n.], [241]
• Leo III, pope, and iconoclasm, [262]
• Leochares, contemporary mathematic, [90]
• Leonardo da Vinci, astronomical theory, [69];
  • spirituality, [128];
  • Dutch influence, [236];
  • and background, [237];
  • and impressionism, [239], [287];
  • and sculpture, [244];
  • colour, [246];
  • and body, [271];
  • and portrait, [272];
  • as dissatisfied thinker, [274];
  • discovery as basis of art, [277-279];
  • and circulation of the blood, [278];
  • and aviation, [279];
  • Western soul and technical limitation, [279-281];
  • and dynamics, [414]
• Lessing, Gotthold E., world-conception, [20];
  • and cultural contrasts, [128];
  • and Aristotle’s philanthropy, [351];
  • and cult and dogma, [411]
• Lessing, Karl F., colour, [252]
• Leucippus, atoms, [135], [385], [386]
• Li, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Licinian Laws, myth, [11]
• Life, and soul and world, [54];
  • duration, specific time-value, [108];
  • duration applied to Culture, [109];
  • Classical Culture and duration, [132];
  • and willing, [315].
  • See also [Death]
• Light and shadow, cultural art attitude, [242n.], [283], [325n.]
• Light theories, electro-magnetic, [156n.];
  • Newton’s, and Goethe’s theory of colour, [157n.], [158n.];
  • cultural basis, [381];
  • contradictory, [418]
• Limit, as a relation, [86]
• Linden, as symbol, [396]
• Lingam. See [Phallus]
• Lingayats, sect, [136n.]
• Ling-yan-si, Saints, [260]
• Linois, Comte de, and India, [150n.]
• Lippi, Filippino, Dutch influence, [236]
• Liszt, Franz, Catholicism, [268n.];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Literature. See [Art]; [Drama]; [History]; [Poetry]; writers by name, especially [Dante]; [Goethe]; [Ibsen]
• Livy, on strange gods, [405]
• Lochner, Stephen, God-feeling, [395]
• Locke, John, and imperialism, [150];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Loggia dei Lanzi, artistic sentiment, [272]
• Logarithms, liberation, [88]
• Logic, organic and inorganic, [3], [117];
  • of time and space, [7];
  • and mathematics, convergence, [57], [427];
  • and morale, [354].
  • See also [Causality]
• Logicians, contemporaries, table [i]
• Lokoyata, contemporaries, table [i]
• London, culture city, [33]
• Loredano, doge, portrait, [272]
• Lorentz, Hendrik A., and Relativity, [419]
• Lorenzo de’ Medici, and music, [230]
• Lotze, Rudolf H., ethics, [367]
• Louis XIV, uncleanliness, [260];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Louisiana, Napoleon’s project, [150]
• Loyola, Ignatius, and style of the Church, [148];
  • architectural parallel, [314];
  • and Western morale, [348];
  • God-feeling, [394], [395];
  • and method, [412]
• Lucca, and Arabian Culture, [216]
• Lucian, and Philopatris dialogue, [404n.]
• Lucullus, L., army, [36]
• Ludovisi Villa, garden, [240]
• Lully, Raymond, music, [283]
• Luther, Martin, and “know”, [123];
  • and destiny, [141];
  • as epoch, [149];
  • and works, [316n.];
  • and Western morale, [348], [349], [355];
  • God-feeling, [394], [395];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Luxor, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Lycurgus, myth, [11]
• Lysander, deification, [405]
• Lysias, portrait, [270]
• Lysicrates, Monument of, acanthus motive, [215]
• Lysippus, contemporary mathematic, [90];
  • sculpture, [226], [260n.];
  • period, [284];
  • canon, [287];
  • straining, [291];
  • irreligion, [358];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Lysistratus, and portraiture, [269]

• Machault, Guillaume de, and counterpoint, [229n.]
• Machiavellism, and mimicry, [371]
• Macpherson, James, autumnal accent, [241]
• Macrocosm, idea, [163-165];
  • cultural and intercultural, [165];
  • expression, [180];
  • and style-problem, [214-216].
  • See also [History]; [Morphology]; [Nature]; [Symbolism]; [World-conceptions]
• Maderna, Stefano, sculpture, [244];
  • God-feeling, [395]
• Madonna, in Western art, [136], [267], [280].
  • See also [Marycult]; [Motherhood]
• Madrid, culture city, [32], [109]
• Madrigals, character, [229]
• Mæcenas, park, [34]
• Magdeburg Cathedral, Viking Gothic, [213]
• Magian soul, explained, [183]. See also [Arabian Culture]
• Magnetism, Cabeo’s theory, [414]
• Magnitude, emancipation of Western mathematic, [74-78];
  • and relations, [84], [86]
• Mahavansa, as historical work, [12]
• Mainz Cathedral, and styles, [205]
• Makart, Hans, copyist, [295]
• Malatestas, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
• Malthus, Thomas R., and Darwinism, [350], [369], [371]
• Manchester system, and Western Civilization, [151], [371];
  • and Darwinism, [369]
• Mandæans, as Arabian, [72];
  • music, [228];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Manet, Édouard, unpopularity, [35];
  • and body, [271];
  • landscapes, [288];
  • plein-air painting, [288-290];
  • weak style, [291];
  • striving, [292];
  • and Wagner, [292];
  • irreligion, [358]
• Mani, and mystic benefits, [344n.];
  • and Jesus, [347];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Manichæanism, as Arabian, [72];
  • architectural expression, [209], [211];
  • music, [228];
  • dualism, [306];
  • and home, [335]
• Mankind, as abstraction, [21], [46]
• Mantegna, Andrea, technique, [221], [239];
  • and colour, [242];
  • and portrait, [271];
  • and statics, [414]
• Marble, and later Western sculpture, [232], [276n.];
  • Greek use, [248n.], [253];
  • Michelangelo’s attitude, [276].
  • See also [Stone]
• Marcellus II, pope, and Church music, [268n.]
• Marcion, and Jesus, [347];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Marcus Aurelius, and monotheistic tendency, [407]
• Marées, Hans, significance of colour, [252];
  • portraiture, [266], [271], [271n.], [309];
  • and grand style, [289], [290];
  • striving, [292]
• Marenzio, Luca, music, [251]
• Marius, C., and economic motive, [36];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Mars Ultor, temple, ornament, [215]
• Marseillaise, morale, [355]
• Marsyas, Myron’s, lack of depth, [226]
• Marwitz, Friedrich A. L. von der, and Hardenberg, [150n.]
• Marx, Karl, and practical philosophy, [45];
  • and earlier and final Socialism, [138];
  • and superficially incidental, [144];
  • character of Nihilism, [352], [357];
  • and Hegelianism, [367];
  • socio-economic ethics, [372], [373];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Mary-cult, as symbol, [136];
  • Madonna in Western art, [267], [280]
• Masaccio, and artistic change, [237], [279], [287]
• Mashetta, castle, façade, [215]
• Mask, and Classical drama, [316], [317n.], [318], [323]
• ass, Western functional concept, [415];
  • effect of quantum theory, [419]
• Materialism, and Goethe’s living nature, [111n.];
  • Buddhism as, [356];
  • in Western ethics, [368];
  • and Socialism, [370]
• Mathematics, spatial concept, [6n.], [7];
  • plurality, cultural basis, [15], [59-63], [67], [70], [101], [314];
  • position, [56];
  • and extension, [56];
  • and nature, [57];
  • wider-culture vision and analogy, [57], [58];
  • beginning of number-sense, [59];
  • as art, [61], [62], [70];
  • vision, [61];
  • of Classical Culture, positive, measurable numbers, [63-65], [69], [77];
  • and time and becoming, [64], [125], [126];
  • symbolism in Classical, [65-67], [70];
  • religious analogy, [66], [70], [394];
  • and empirical observation, [67];
  • character of Arabian, [71-73];
  • primitive levels, [73];
  • Western, and infinite functions, [74-76];
  • Western need of new notation, [76];
  • as expression of world-fear, [79-81];
  • and Western meaning of space, [81-84], [88];
  • and proportion and function, [84];
  • construction versus function, [85];
  • virtuosity, [85];
  • and physiognomic morphology, [85];
  • Western, and limit as a relation, [86];
  • Western abstraction, [86], [87];
  • Western conflict with perception limitations, [87], [170], [171];
  • culmination of Western, groups, [89], [90], [426];
  • paradigm of Classical and Western, [90];
  • and the how, what, and when, [126];
  • cultural relation to art, [129], [130];
  • Classical sculpture and Western music as, [284];
  • impressionism, [286];
  • vector and Baroque art, [311];
  • esoteric Western, [328];
  • and philosophy, [366];
  • replacement by economics, [367];
  • theory of aggregates, and logic, [426];
  • cultural contemporary epochs, table [i].
  • See also Nature; Number; branches by name
• Matter. See [Body]; [Natural science]
• Matthew Passion. See [Schütz, Heinrich]
• Maxwell-Hertz equations, [418]
• Maya Culture. See [Mexican]
• Mayer, Julius Robert, and theory, [378];
  • and conservation of energy, [393], [412], [417]
• Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, morale, [349]
• Mazdaism, as Arabian, [209];
  • architectural expression, [211];
  • and pneuma, [216];
  • music, [228];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Mazdak, contemporaries, table [i]
• Meander, motive, [316], [345]
• Mechanics, and fourth dimension, [124].
  • See also [Motion]; [Natural science]
• Mediæval History, as term, [16], [22]
• Medicis, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
• Megalopolitanism, and Civilization of a Culture, [32-35], [38];
  • and systematism, [102].
  • See also [Civilization]
• Melody, Classical and Western, [227]
• Memlinc, Hans, in Italy, [236];
  • and Renaissance, [274]
• Memory, conception, [103];
  • as organ of history, [132];
  • as term, [132]
• Mencius, practical philosophy, [45]
• Mendicant Orders, as exception, [348]
• Menes, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Menzel, Adolf F. E., and body, [271];
  • impressionism, [286];
  • and grand style, [290], [291]
• Merovingian-Carolingian Era, contemporary art epochs, table [ii]
• Mesopotamia, synagogues, [210]
• Messenians, provided history, [11]
• Metaphysics, and scientific research, [154];
  • and symbolism, [163];
  • Western and pairs of concepts, [311];
  • basis of Classical, [311];
  • period in philosophy, [365-367].
  • See also [Ethics]; [Philosophy].
• Mexican (Maya) Culture, and historical scheme, [16], [18];
  • and time measurement, [134n.];
  • ornament, [196];
  • and tutelage, [213]
• Meyer, Eduard, on Spengler, [x];
  • on Classical Culture and geography, [10n.]
• Meyerbeer, Giacomo, Rossini on Huguenots, [293]
• Michelangelo, liberation of architecture, beginning of Baroque, [87], [206], [225]n., [313];
  • materiality, obsession by the architectural, [128];
  • St. Peter’s, [206], [238];
  • and passing of sculpture, [223], [244];
  • anticipations, [263];
  • and physiognomy of muscles, [264];
  • nude, and portrait, [272];
  • sonnets, [273];
  • as dissatisfied thinker, [274];
  • unsuccessful quest of the Classical, [275-277], [281];
  • and marble, [276];
  • architecture as final expression, [277];
  • and popularity, [327];
  • God-feeling, [395];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Michelozzo, Bartolommeo di, and Classical, [415]
• Michelson, Albert A., experiments, [419]
• Middle Kingdom, contemporaries, tables [i-iii]
• Milesians, physical theory, [386]
• Miletus, form-type of Didymæum, [204];
  • and Egypt, [225]
• Milinda, King, and Nagasena, [356]
• Military art, Western, [333n.]
• Mill, John Stuart, and economic ascendency, [367], [373]
• Millennianism, as Western phenomenon, [363], [423]
• Mineralogy, and geology, [96]
• Minerva Medica, Syrian workmen, [211]
• Ming-Chu, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Ming-ti, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Minkowski, Hermann, imaginary time, [124n.];
  • and Relativity, [419]
• Minnesänger, rules, [193];
  • imitative music, [229]
• Mino da Fiesole, and portrait, [272]
• Minoan art, character, [198];
  • contemporaries, [241]
• Minstrels, imitative music, [229]
• Mirabeau, Comte de, and imperialism, [149];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Miracles, cultural attitude toward, [392], [393]
• Missionarism, Stoic, [344n.];
  • and diatribe, [360]
• Mithraists, and pneuma, [216];
  • form-language of mithræa, [224];
  • music, [228];
  • cult in Rome, [406], [406n.]
• Mitylene, episode and Classical time-sense, [133n.]
• Moab, Castle of Mashetta, [215]
• Modern History, as irrational term, [16-18]
• Mörike, Eduard, poetry, [289]
• Mohammed. See [Islam]
• Moissac, church ornamentation, [199]
• Molière, tragic method, [318]
• Mommsen, Theodor, on Classical historians, [11];
  • narrow Classicalism, [28]
• Monasticism, and Western morale, [316n.];
  • order-movement, [343];
  • mendicant orders, [348]
• Money, Roman conception, [33];
  • as hall-mark of Civilization, [34-36]
• Monophysites, Islam as heir, [211];
  • as alchemistic problem, [383];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Monteverde, Claudio, music, [226], [230], [249], [283]
• Morale, plurality, cultural basis, no conversions, [315], [345-347];
  • Western, and activity, [315];
  • and analysis, [341];
  • Western moral imperative, [341], [342];
  • intellectual and unconscious concepts, [341n.];
  • Western purposeful motion, ethic of deed, [342-344], [347];
  • Western Christian, [344], [348];
  • and art, [344];
  • morphology, [346];
  • compassion, cultural types of manly virtue, [347-351];
  • real and presumed, phrases and meanings, [348];
  • Classical, and happiness, [351];
  • instinctive and problematic, tragic and plebeian, [354], [355];
  • end phenomena, cultural basis, [356-359];
  • Civilization and diatribe, [359], [360];
  • and diet, [361];
  • qualities and aim of Socialism, [361-364];
  • and cultural atomic theories, [386].
  • See also [Ethics]; [Spirit]
• Moravians, as exception, [348]
• Morphology, Spengler and historical, [xi];
  • concept of historical, [5-8], [26], [39];
  • historical, and symbolism, [46];
  • historical, ignored, [47];
  • symmetry, [47];
  • historical and natural, [48];
  • historical, Western study of comparative, [50], [159];
  • comparative, knowledge forms, [60];
  • of mathematical operations, [85];
  • systematic and physiognomic, [100], [101], [121];
  • of world-history explained, [101];
  • of Cultures, [104];
  • historical homology, [111], [112];
  • element of causal and destiny, [121];
  • of morales, [346];
  • of history of philosophy, [364-374];
  • of exact sciences, [425]
• Mortality. See [Death]
• Mosaic, as cultural expression, [214];
  • and Arabian gold background, [247];
  • eyes, [329];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Mosque, architectural characteristics, [200], [210];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Motherhood, cultural attitude, meaning, [136], [137];
  • and destiny, portraiture, [267]
• Mo-ti, practical philosophy, [45]
• Motion, and fourth dimension, [124];
  • Eleatic difficulty, [305n.];
  • and natural science, [377], [387-391].
  • See also [Natural science]
• Motion pictures, and Western character, [322]
• Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
  • period, [108], [284];
  • orchestration, [231];
  • colour expression, [252n.];
  • ease, [292];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Mummies, as symbol, [12], [13], [135]
• Murillo, Bartolomé, period, [283]
• Murtada, and will, [311]
• Museums, as historical symbols, [135];
  • change in meaning of word, [136]
• Music, thoroughbass and geometry, [61];
  • mathematical relation, [62], [63];
  • of Baroque period, [78];
  • and proportion and function, [84];
  • bodilessness of Western, development, [97], [177], [230], [231], [283];
  • history of instruments, [195];
  • Western church, as architectural ornament, [196], [199];
  • as art of form, [219], [221n.];
  • and allegory, [219n.];
  • as channel for imagination, [220];
  • Classical, [223], [227], [252n.];
  • form-ideal of Western, [225];
  • technical contrast of Classical and Western, [227n.];
  • word and organism, cultural basis, [227], [228];
  • Arabian, [228];
  • Chinese, [228];
  • imitation and ornament, [228];
  • ornamental and imitative Western, [229];
  • secularization, thoroughbass, [230];
  • of Renaissance, [234];
  • Flemish influence in Italy, [236];
  • and horizon in painting, [239];
  • pastoral, and gardening, [240];
  • esoteric Western, [243];
  • as Western prime phenomenon, [244], [281-284];
  • and Western painting, [250], [251];
  • instruments and colour expression, [252];
  • instrumental as historical expression, [255];
  • and uncleanliness, [260n.];
  • and portrait, [262], [266];
  • Catholic, [268n.];
  • Michelangelo’s tendency, [277];
  • Western, and Classical free sculpture, [283], [284];
  • climacteric instruments, [284];
  • and Rococo architecture, [285];
  • impressionism, [285], [286];
  • and later German school of painting, [289];
  • Wagner and death of Western, [291], [293];
  • his impressionism, [292];
  • and Western soul, [305];
  • and Western concept of God, [312];
  • and character, [314];
  • place of organ, [396];
  • Western contemporary natural science, [417];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [ii].
  • See also [Art]
• Muspilli, and Northern myths, [400], [423]
• Mutazilites, contemporaries, table [i]
• Mycenæ, funeral customs, [135];
  • contemporaries, tables, ii, iii
• Mycerinus, dynasty, [58n.]
• Myron, sculpture as planar art, [225], [226], [283];
  • Discobolus, [263], [264]
• Mysteries, Classical, [320]. See also [Religion]
• Mysticism, art association, [229];
  • and dualism, [307];
  • cultural culmination, [365n.];
  • and concept of force, [391];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Myth, natural science as, [378], [387]
• Mythology, significance in Classical Culture, [10], [11], [13];
  • origin, [57].
  • See also [Religion]

• Nagasena, materialism, [356]
• Names, as overcoming fear, [123];
  • concretion of numina, [397]
• Napoleon I, analogies, [4], [5];
  • romantic, [38];
  • imperialism, [42], [149-151];
  • as destiny and epoch, [142], [144], [149];
  • egoism, [336];
  • morale, [349];
  • and toil for future, [363];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Napoleonic Wars, and cultural rhythm, [110n.]
• Nardini, Pietro, orchestration, [231]
• Natural science, mechanics and motion, cultural basis of postulate, [377], [378];
  • fact and theory, cultural images, [378-380];
  • Western, and depth-experience, tension, [380], [386], [387];
  • and religion, cultural basis, [380-382], [391], [411], [412], [416];
  • scientific period of a Culture, [381];
  • cultural relativity, [382];
  • cultural nature ideas and elements, [382-384];
  • statics, chemistry, dynamics, cultural systems, [384];
  • cultural atomic theories, [384-387];
  • thinking-motion problem, system and life, [387-389];
  • mechanical and organic necessity, [391];
  • cultural attitude on mechanical necessity, [392-394];
  • things and relations, [393];
  • conservation of energy and Western concept of experience, [393];
  • theory and religion, Western God-feeling, [395];
  • naming of notions, [397];
  • and atheism, [409];
  • Western dogma of undefinable force, provenance, stages, [412-417];
  • as to Western statics, [414], [415];
  • mass concept of Civilization, work-idea, [416], [417];
  • disintegration of exact, contradictions, [417-420];
  • physiognomic effect of irreversibility theory, [420-424];
  • effect of radioactivity, [423];
  • decay, [424];
  • morphology, convergence of separate sciences, [425-427];
  • anthropomorphic return, [427].
  • See also [Nature]
• Natural selection, and Western ethics, Superman, [371]. See also [Darwinism]
• Naturalism, antiquity, [33], [207], [288];
  • in art, [192]
• Nature, contrast of historical morphology, [5], [7], [8];
  • definite sense, and history, [55], [57], [94-98], [102], [103];
  • and learning, [56];
  • mathematics as expression, [57];
  • as late world-form, [98];
  • mechanistic world-conception, [99], [100];
  • systematic morphology, [100];
  • and causality and destiny, [119], [121], [142];
  • cultural viewpoints, [131], [263];
  • timelessness, [142], [158];
  • historical overlapping, living harmonies, [153], [154], [158];
  • and intellect, [157];
  • personal connotations, [169];
  • soul as counter-world, [301];
  • and reason, [308].
  • See also [Causality]; [History]; [Mathematics]; [Natural science]; [Space]; [Spirit]
• Naucratis, and Miletus, [225n.]
• Naumann, Johann C., architecture, [285]
• Nazzâm, on body, [248];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Necessity, mechanical and organic, [391]
• Nemesis, character of Classical, [129], [320]. See also [Destiny]
• Neo-Platonists, as Arabian, [72];
  • and pneuma, [216];
  • and body, [248];
  • dualism, [306];
  • unimposed mystic benefits, [344n.]
• Neo-Pythagoreans, and body, [248];
  • and mechanical necessity, [393]
• Nerva, forum, [198], [215]
• Nestorianism, and art, [209], [211];
  • music, [228];
  • and home, [334];
  • as alchemistic problem, [383];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Neumann, Karl J., on Roman myths, [11]
• New York City, and megalopolitanism, [33]
• Newton, Sir Isaac, and “fluxions”, [15n.];
  • artist-nature, [61];
  • mathematic and religion, [70], [396], [412];
  • mathematical discoveries, [75], [78], [90];
  • and time and space, [124], [126];
  • light theory, and Goethe’s theory, [157n.], [158n.], [422];
  • dynamic world-picture, [311];
  • deeds of science, [355];
  • and motion-problem, [390], [391];
  • and metaphysics, [366];
  • and force and mass, [415], [417];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Nibelungenlied, and Homer, [27];
  • esoteric, [328];
  • and Western Christianity, [400-402]
• Nicæa, Council of, and Godhead, [249]
• Nicephorus Phocas, and Philopatris dialogue, [404n.]
• Nicholas of Cusa, astronomical theory, [69];
  • religion and mathematic, [70];
  • musical association, [236];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Nicholas of Oresme, and beginning of Western mathematic, [73], [74], [279];
  • art association, [229];
  • Occamist, [381]
• Niese, Benedictus, on Roman myths, [11]
• Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, influence on Spengler, [xiv], [49n.];
  • provincialism, [24];
  • Classical ideology, [28], [28n.];
  • on city life, [30];
  • unpopularity, [35];
  • practical philosophy, [45];
  • and historical unity, [48];
  • and detachment, [93];
  • and Wagner, [111], [291], [370];
  • on history and definition, [158];
  • on art witnesses, [191];
  • autumnal accent, [241];
  • on Greeks and colour, [245];
  • on “brown” music, [252];
  • on Greeks and body, [260];
  • will and reason, [308];
  • and morale, [315], [342], [346];
  • and home, [335];
  • actuality of “Mann”, [347], [350];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • character of Nihilism, [357];
  • and diet, [361];
  • nebulous aim, [363], [364];
  • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • ethics and metaphysics, [367];
• materialism, [368];
  • and evolution and Socialism, [370-372];
  • position in Western ethics, [373], [374];
  • on pathos of distance, [386];
  • dynamic atheism, [409];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Niflheim, lack of materiality, [403]
• Nihilism, and finale of a Culture, [352];
  • cultural manifestations, [357]
• Nirvana, ahistoric expression, [11], [133];
  • and zero, [178];
  • conception, [347], [357], [361].
  • See also [Buddhism]
• Nisibis, and Arabian art, [209]
• Northmen, discoveries, [330]
• Norwich Cathedral, simplicity, [196]
• Notre-Dame, Madonna of the St. Anne, [263]
• Nude, in Classical art, necessity, [130], [260-262], [317];
  • cultural basis of feeling, [216], [270], [272];
  • as element of Classical Culture only, [225]
• Nürnberg, loss of prestige, [33];
  • church statuary, [103];
  • church and styles, [205];
  • as religious, [358]
• Numa, cult, [185];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Number, chronological and mathematical, [6], [7], [70], [97];
  • defined, [67];
  • numbers and mortality, [70];
  • Arabian indeterminate, [72];
  • Western Culture and functional, [74], [75], [90];
  • Western attitude and notation, [76], [332n.];
  • symbolism, [82], [165];
  • astronomical, [83], [332n.];
  • cultural attitudes, [88];
  • and the become, [95];
  • and numbering, [125];
  • Indian conception, [178];
  • functional, and causality, [393].
  • See also [Mathematics]
• Numina, naming, [397]. See also [Religion]
• Nyaya, contemporaries, table [i]

• Oak, as symbol, [396]
• Occamists, physical theory, [381], [389]
• Odo, Bishop, as warrior, [349n.]
• Odysseus, as enduring, [203]
• Okeghem, Joannes, music, [130];
  • and popularity, [243]
• Oken, Lorenz, and dualism, [307]
• Old Kingdom, and care, [137];
  • contemporaries, tables [ii], [iii]
• Old Nordic art, as Arabian, [215]
• Oldach, Julius, act and portrait, [271n.]
• Omar, Mosque of, characteristics, [200n.]
• Ommayad period, homology, [111]
• Opera, and orchestra, [230]
• Oracle, Classical, [147]
• Oratorio, and orchestra, [230]
• Orchomenos, funeral customs, [135]
• Oreads, passivity, [336]
• Oresme. See [Nicholas of Oresme]
• Organ, and Western devotions, [396]
• Origen, and dualism, [306];
  • morale, [348];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Ormuzd, Persian God, [312]
• Ornament, qualities and aim, [191-194];
  • opposition to imitation, [194-196];
  • building and its symbolic decoration, [196];
  • pictorial period, [197];
  • and Civilization, [197], [294];
  • in music, [228], [230], [231];
  • Renaissance, [233n.], [238].
  • See also [Decoration]; [Imitation]
• Orpheus, cult, [185];
  • as Christian title, [408n.];
  • contemporaries of discipline and movement, table [i]
• Otto the Great, egoism, [336]
• Owen, Sir Richard, and morphology, [111]

• Pachelbel, Johann, organ works, [220]
• Pacher, Michael, colour, [250]
• Paderborn Cathedral, simplicity, [196]
• Pæonius, Nike, [263];
  • period, [284]
• Pæstum, temple, [224], [235]
• Paewati worshippers, sect, [136n.]
• Painting, perspective and geometry, [61];
  • allegorical, [219n.];
  • and form-ideal of Classical sculpture and Western music, [226], [232];
  • word and organism, [227];
  • Flemish influence in Italy, [236];
  • Renaissance fresco to Venetian oil, line to space, [237], [279-281];
  • development of background in Western, [239];
  • form and content, outline and colour, [242];
  • cultural expression and popularity, [243];
  • oil, as Western prime phenomenon, period, [244], [281-283];
  • Classical and Western colours, [245-247];
  • outdoor and indoor, [247];
  • symbolism in brushwork, [249];
  • of Western Civilization, [251];
  • Baroque portraits, [265];
  • and destiny of Western art, [276n.];
  • Leonardo and discovery, spiritual space, [277-280];
  • Western studio-brown, pictorial chromatics, [250], [288];
  • Classical limitation, [283], [287];
  • full meaning of Impressionism, [285-287];
  • 19th Century episode, plein-air, [288];
  • German school and grand style, [289];
  • Baroque and concept of vector, [311];
  • and time of day, [325];
  • Western, and spectator, [329];
  • Western, and contemporary natural science, [417];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [ii].
  • See also [Art]; [Portraiture]
• Palazzo Farnese, style, [205];
  • Michelangelo’s cornice, [275]
• Palazzo Strozzi, style, [234];
  • and artistic sentiment, [272]
• Palermo, and Arabian Culture, [211], [216]
• Palestrina, Giovanni da, style, [220], [230], [323];
  • and popularity, [243];
  • Michelangelo’s heir, [274], [277];
  • God-feeling, [395]
• Palladio, Andrea, style, [30], [414]
• Palma, Jacopo, colour, [252]
• Palmyra, basilica, [209n.];
  • Baal, [407]
• Pan, idea, [403]
• Panama Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, [42]
• “Panem et circenses”, as symbol, [362]
• Pantheon, as mosque, [72], [211]
• Paolo Veronese, clouds, [240];
  • colour, [252]
• Papacy, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Paracelsus, Philippus, and chemistry, [384]
• Parallel axiom, [83], [88], [176n.]
• Paris, and Athens, [27];
  • culture city, [33];
  • autumnal city, [79];
  • Flemish influence, [236n.];
  • as irreligious, [358]
• Paris, Peace of (1763), and imperialism, [150]
• Park. See [Gardening]
• Parmenides, civic world-outlook, [33];
  • thinking and being, [387]
• Parthenon, Three Fates as type, [268];
  • horse’s head, Rubens contrast, [271];
  • popularity, [327]
• Pascal, Blaise, and actuality, [42];
  • faith and experience, [66], [394];
  • mathematic, and Archimedes, [69], [75], [90], [126];
  • and predestination, [141];
  • and Jansenists, [314n.];
  • and Western morale, [348];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Passion, in Christian cult, [320n.]
• Passivity, as Classical trait, [315], [320];
  • and pathos, [320n.]
• Past, and passing, [166]
• Pastels, and music, [232]
• Paterculus, C. Velleius, view of art, [205]
• Path. See [Way]
• Pathos, and passion, [320n.]
• Patina, symbolism, [253]
• Patriotism, cultural concept, [334-337]
• Patristic literature, contemporaries, table [i]
• Paul, Saint, and world-history, [18n.];
  • and dualism, [306];
  • and will, [344];
  • and diatribe, [360];
  • error on “Unknown God”, [404]
• Paulicians, and art, [209], [211];
  • iconoclasm, [262];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Paulinzella Monastery, simplicity, [196];
  • and antique, [275n.]
• Pausanias, culture, [254n.];
  • on altars to unknown gods, [404n.]
• Pazzi, chapel, [313]
• Peace, Classical and Western conception, [275n.]
• Peasant, as Culture relic, [354]
• Peloponnesian War, as epoch, [149]
• Pepi. See [Phiops]
• Perception, and “alien”, [53];
  • Western transcendency, [87-89];
  • space and time as forms, [169-171], [173]
• Percival, archetype, [402]
• Pergamene art, modernity, [111];
  • composition, [244], [260];
  • gigantomachia, [291], [352];
  • actuality, [364];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Pericles, homology, [111];
  • portrait, [130n.], [269];
  • and economic organization, [138];
  • morale, [349]
• Peripatos, contemporaries, table [i]
• Persians, architectural expression, [209];
  • and home, [335];
  • contemporary art periods, table [ii].
  • See also [Arabian Culture]
• Perspective, Classical attitude, [109];
  • Western painting and gardening, [240-242];
  • as soul-expression, [310n.];
  • Western, and astronomy, [330]
• Perugino, technique, [249];
  • and portraiture, [272];
  • and artistic change, [279];
  • simplicity, [280]
• Pessimism, and Spengler’s theories, [xiv], [40]
• Peter the Great, and Europe, [16n.]
• Peterborough Cathedral, simplicity, [196]
• Petra, Baal, [407]
• Petrarch, Francesco, analogy, [4];
  • historic consciousness, [14];
  • narrow Classicalism, [29], [275]
• Petrinism, Tolstoi’s connection, [309]
• Phallus, as symbol, cult, [136], [267], [320]
• Phidias, contemporary mathematic, [78], [90];
  • and portraiture, [130n.];
  • and soulless body, [225], [267];
  • popularity, [243];
  • and self-criticism, [264];
  • and marble, [276];
  • and Handel, [284];
  • period, [284];
  • as religious, [358];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Philanthropy, Aristotle’s, [351]
• Philippe de Vitry, and counterpoint, [229n.]
• Philo, and body, [248];
  • and Jesus, [347]
• Philopatris dialogue, source, [404n.]
• Philosopher’s Stone, as symbol, [248], [307]
• Philosophy, truth and individual attitude, [xv];
  • natural and historical, [7], [8];
  • anonymous Indian, [12];
  • provincialism, [22], [23];
  • epochal limitations, cultural boundaries, [41], [46], [364], [367];
  • test of value, actuality, [41-43];
  • present-day Western, and cultural destiny, [43-45];
  • development of Western practical, [45];
  • scepticism as final Western, [45], [374];
  • of becoming and become, [49n.];
  • and mathematics, [56], [64], [366];
  • Kant’s postulates, [59];
  • comparative forms of knowledge, [60];
  • and names, [123];
  • scientific, of time, [124];
  • tabulation of categories, [125];
  • and death, [166];
  • Western art association, [229];
  • of Culture and Civilization, [354], [355];
  • cultural questions, early posing, [364];
  • course within each Culture, [364];
  • metaphysical and ethical periods, [365-367].
  • See also [Ethics]; [Metaphysics]; [Spirit]
• Phiops, Western contemporary, [202n.];
  • statue, [265]
• Phlogiston theory, Stahl’s, [384]
• Phœnicians, and discovery, [65], [333]
• Phrynichus, fine, [321]
• Physics, cautious hypotheses, [156];
  • Jesuits and theoretical, [314n.];
  • and popularity, cultural basis, [327], [328].
  • See also [Natural science]
• Physiognomy. See [Destiny]; [Portraiture]
• Picturesqueness, and historical expression, [255]
• Piero della Francesca. See [Francesca]
• Pigalle, Jean B., sculpture, [244]
• Pindar, as religious, [358]
• Pine, as symbol, [396]
• Piombo, Sebastiano del. See [Sebastiano]
• Piræus, and unknown gods, [404]
• Pisano, Giovanni. See [Giovanni]
• Pisistratidæ, as period of fulfilment, [107]
• Planck, Max, atomic theory, [385], [419]
• Plane, significance in Egyptian architecture, [189]
• Plastic. See [Sculpture]
• Plato, ahistoric consciousness, [9], [14];
  • and clepsydra, [15];
  • provincialism, [22];
  • and actuality, [42];
  • philosopher of the becoming, [49n.];
  • metaphysics and mathematics, [56], [67], [69], [71], [84], [90], [366];
  • and the irrational, [66];
  • and Goethe’s “mothers”, [70];
  • and mechanistic world-conception, [99];
  • foreshadowing by, [111];
  • and the Almighty, [124];
  • Kant on, [125];
  • as Aristotle’s opposite, [159];
  • anamnesis, [174];
  • and idolatry 268n.;
  • on soul, [304], [305];
  • and ego, [311];
  • and ethics, [354];
  • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
  • and science and religion, [394];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Plein-air, as Civilization painting, [252];
  • characterized, [288]
• Pliny, on Mesopotamian temples, [210n.];
  • on Lysistratus, [269];
  • on Lysippus, [287];
  • as collector, [425]
• Plotinus, world, [56];
  • and philosophical transition, [72];
  • and vision, [96];
  • homology, [111];
  • and body, [248];
  • and dualism, [306];
  • and Jesus, [347];
  • and Arabian Culture, [383];
  • and mechanical necessity, [393];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Plutarch, as biographer, [14], [316];
  • and dualism, [306]
• Pneuma, as Arabian principle, [216], [329];
  • and eyes in Arabian art, [329].
  • See also [Dualism]
• Pöppelmann, Daniel, architecture, [285]
• Poetry, infinite space in Western, [185];
  • Western, as confession, [264], [273];
  • Western and Classical lyric, [286], [324].
  • See also [Drama]; [Literature]
• Poincaré, Henri, on mathematical vision, [61n.]
• Point, and Western geometry, [74], [82], [89]
• Point de vue, in Rococo parks, [240]
• Polar discovery, as symbol, [335]
• Polis, as Classical symbol, [83], [147], [334]
• Polish, as symbol in art, [248n.]
• Politics, inadequate basis for historical deductions, [46];
  • under Classical Culture, [83], [147], [334];
  • meaning of the state, [137];
  • spatial aspect of Western, [198];
  • origin of Arabian state, [212];
  • Renaissance attitude, [273];
  • cultural conception, [334-337];
  • and atomic theories, [386];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Imperialism]; [Philosophy]; [Socialism]
• Pollaiuolo, Antonio, Dutch influence, [236];
  • goldsmith, [237]
• Polybius, ahistoric consciousness, [10]
• Polycletus, contemporary Western music, [27],112, [177], [284];
  • contemporary mathematic, [78];
  • sculpture, canon, [177], [225], [226], [231], [260n.], [283], [284];
  • present-day appeal, [255];
  • and self-criticism, [264];
  • and statue of Augustus, [295];
  • and fresco, [321]
• Polycrates, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Polygnotus, contemporaries, [112], table [ii];
  • frescoes, background, colour, [147], [183], [221], [243], [245], [283], [330]
• Pombaditha, academy, [381]
• Pompeii, wall-paintings, [287]
• Pompey the Great, army, [36]
• Pope, Alexander, type, [254]
• Popularity, cultural basis, [85], [243], [326-328], [362];
  • in colour, [246]
• Porcelain, and Western music, [231]
• Porphyry, and “antique”, [20n.];
  • academy, [281]
• Port Royal, contemporaries, table [i].
  • See also [Jansenism]
• Porta, Baccio della. See [Bartolommeo]
• Porta, Giacomo della. See [Giacomo]
• Portinari altar, [236]
• Portraiture, and biography, [12];
  • character of Classical, nude sculpture, [13], [260], [261], [264], [265], [269], [272];
  • cultural basis and expression, character and attitude, [101], [104], [216], [260], [317];
  • portrait as Western expression, [130], [261-266];
  • and Arabian Culture, [223];
  • and Gothic, [261], [266];
  • and confession, [264];
  • contrast of act and portrait, [262], [266], [270], [271];
  • depth-experience, impressionism, [266], [287];
  • child and group portraits, motherhood, [266-268];
  • Renaissance, [271-273];
  • Leonardo’s relation, [281];
  • landscape as, [270n.], [287];
  • Roman statues, [295];
  • and will, [309];
  • American, as irreligious, [358n.]
  • See also [Soul]
• Portuguese, and discovery, [333]
• Poseidon, temple of, as model, [224]
• Posidonius, and dualism, [306];
  • as collector, [425]
• Potsdam, architecture, [207]
• Poussin, Nicolas, musical analogy, [220];
  • colour, [246];
  • period, [283]
• Prag, loss of prestige, [33]
• Praxiteles, contemporary mathematic, [90];
  • sculpture, [226], [270];
  • Hermes, [264];
  • and womanhood, [268];
  • and Haydn, [284];
  • period, [284];
  • ease, [291]
• Predestination. See [Destiny]
• Present, and becoming, [54];
  • significance in Classical Culture, [63], [65-67]
• Pre-Socratics, philosophy, [41], [175], [305];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Prime phenomena, Goethe’s living nature, [vii], [95], [96], [105], [111n.], [113], [140], [154], [389];
  • in history, [105];
  • and destiny, [121];
  • of Western Culture, [244].
  • See also [Symbols]
• Principle, and causality, [121]
• Proclus, and Jesus, [347]
• Procopius, courtier, [207]
• Progress, as phenomenon of Civilization, [352], [361]
• Prohibition, and Civilization, [361]
• Proper, and alien, [53]
• Proportion, and function, [84]
• Propylæa, popularity, [327]
• Protagoras, conception of man, [311], [392];
  • popularity, [327];
  • and Classical morale, [351];
  • and Stoicism, [356];
  • problem, [365];
  • condemnation, [411]
• Protestantism, colour symbolism, [250];
  • of etching, [290];
  • and works, [316n.];
  • as symbol, [343].
  • See also [Reformation].
• Proud’hon, Pierre Joseph, position in Western ethics, [373]
• Providence, and destiny, [141]
• Provinces, defined, [33]
• Provincialism, philosophical and historical, [22-25]
• Prussia, great periods, [36];
  • English basis of reorganization, [150n.]
• Psalmody, Jewish, [228]
• Pseudomorphosis, Late-Classical style, [209-212], [214];
  • and image, [216];
  • music, [228]
• Psychologists, period, contemporaries, table [i]
• Psychology, “scientific”, and soul, [299-303], [313];
  • as counter-physics, [301];
  • and will and soma, [319]
• Ptolemy II Philadelphus, and ruler-cult, [405]
• Ptolemy, L. Claudius, relation of Copernicus, [139n.];
  • as copyist, [425]
• Puget, Pierre, sculpture, [244]
• Punic Wars, as classic, [36];
  • and cultural rhythm, [110n.];
  • homology, [111];
  • intensity, [333]
• Purcell, Henry, pictorial music, [283]
• Pure reason, and destiny, [120]
• Puritanism, as common cultural feature, [112];
  • and destiny, [141];
  • and imperialism, [148];
  • cultural contemporary epochs, table [i]
• Putto, as art motive, [266]
• Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre, and religious painting, [288n.]
• Pygmalion and Galatea, and marble, [276]
• Pyramids, period, [58n.], [203]
• Pyrrho, contemporaries, table [i]
• Pyrrhus, Roman war, [36]
• Pythagoras and Pythagoreans, analogy, [39];
  • and actuality, [42];
  • mathematical vision, [57], [58];
  • and Classical mathematic, [61], [62], [64];
  • new number, and fate, [65n.], [82], [90];
  • mathematic and religion, [70], [394];
  • contemporaries, [112], table [i];
  • and Copernicus, [330];
  • and mystic philosophy, [365n.];
  • and metaphysics, [366]

• Quadratures, and Archimedes’ method, [69]
• Quantum theory, effect, [419]
• Quattrocento, and Gothic, [221].
  • See also [Renaissance]
• Quercia, Jacopo della. See [Jacopo]
• Quesnay, François, economic theory, [417]

• Race-suicide, as phenomenon of Civilization, [359]
• Radioactivity, effect on natural science, [423]
• Ragnarök, Muspilli as contemporary, [400];
  • and world’s end, [400]
• Rameses II, analogy, [39];
  • and artistic impotence, [44], [294];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Ranke, Leopold von, and analogy, [4], [5];
  • and historical tact, [22];
  • on historical vision, [96]
• Raphael Sanzio, Madonnas, [136], [268], [280];
  • technique, [221], [278];
  • and Titian, [227];
  • and background, [237];
  • popularity, [243];
  • colour, [245];
  • and confession, [264];
  • and portrait, [272];
  • as dissatisfied thinker, [274];
  • and fresco and oil, line and space, [279], [280]
• Raskolnikov. See [Dostoevsky]
• Rationalism, and chance, [142n.];
  • contemporaries of English, table [i]
• Ravenna, and Arabian Culture, [206], [211], [216], [235];
  • mosaics, [221], [247], [329]
• Rayski, Louis F. von, art and portrait, [271n.]
• Reason, and will, [308]
• Red, symbolism, [246]
• Reformation, conflicts in Germany, [33];
  • and Dionysiac movement, [111];
  • as common cultural epoch, [112];
  • class-opposition to Renaissance, [229];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Reims Cathedral, [224];
  • statuary, [267]
• Relations, and magnitudes, [84], [86]
• Relativity theory, and time, [124n.];
  • effect on natural science, [419];
  • domain, [426]
• Relief, Egyptian, [189], [202];
  • and Classical round sculpture, [225].
  • See also [Sculpture]
• Religion, reality of Classical, [10], [11], [13];
  • relation of clock and bell, [15n.], [134n.];
  • and number, [56];
  • mathematical cultural analogy, [66], [70];
  • stage in a Culture, [108], [399-402];
  • second period, sequel to Civilization, [108], [424-428];
  • Western, and “memory”, [132n.];
  • and death, [166];
  • birth of Western soul, [167];
  • and early art periods, [185];
  • cultural expression, [185-188], [399], [401];
  • Egyptian, [188];
  • Chinese, [190];
  • and imitation, [191];
  • architecture as ornament, [195];
  • Russian, [201n.];
  • Arabian architecture, [208];
  • Classical, and art, [268];
  • and plein-air painting, [288n.];
  • revelation and dualism, [307];
  • cultural soul-elements, and deities, [312];
  • and Classical drama, [320];
  • and astronomy, [330];
  • relation to Civilization, [358];
• and hygiene, [361];
  • and philosophy, [365];
  • and natural science, [380-382], [391], [411], [416];
  • Western experience and faith, [394];
  • varieties, [394];
  • and theory, [395];
  • God-feelings, [395];
  • depth-experience in Western, cathedral, organ, [395-397];
  • naming of numina, [397];
  • Classical bodied pantheon, [398], [402];
  • Western deity as force, unitary-space symbol, [398], [403], [413];
  • of primitive folk, [399];
  • elements of Western, [399-401];
  • Classical, and strange gods, [404];
  • late Classical, dislocation and monotheism, Arabian ascendency, [406-408];
  • cult of deified men, [405], [407], [411];
  • atheism as phenomenon, [408-411];
  • cult and dogma, cultural attitude, [410], [411];
  • contemporary cultural epochs, table [i].
  • See also [Death]; [Soul]; [Spirit]; creeds and sects by name
• Rembrandt, portraiture, and confession, [101], [103], [130], [140], [264], [266], [269], [281], [300];
  • contemporaries, [112], table [ii];
  • inwardness, colour, [183], [251-253];
  • etchings, nights, [187], [246], [290];
  • musical counterpart, [220];
  • and horizon, [239];
  • esoteric, [243];
  • depth, [244];
  • and body, [271];
  • period, [283];
  • impressionism, [287], [288];
  • and psychology, [319]
• Renaissance, contemporaries, [27], table [ii];
  • mathematic, [71];
  • relation to Classical, as revolt, illusion, [28n.], [132n.], [232-234], [237], [238], [252], [266], [272-274], [279], [323];
  • homology, [111];
  • and beautiful, [194];
  • and Western style, [202], [205], [206], [221], [223], [225], [244];
  • and Arabian and Gothic, [212], [234-238];
  • and polychrome sculpture, [226];
  • class-opposition to Reformation, [229];
  • ornament, [233n.], [238];
  • façades and courtyards, [235];
  • arch and column, [236];
  • park, [241];
  • and popularity, [243], [328];
  • and patina, [253];
  • and child-figures, [266];
  • and portrait, [271-273];
  • and spiritual development, [273];
  • leaders as dissatisfied thinkers, [274], [281];
  • Michelangelo, [275-277], [281];
  • Raphael, [279], [280];
  • Leonardo, [277-281];
  • and background, [237];
  • and statics, [414]
• Renoir, Pierre A., striving, [292]
• Resaïna, academy, [381]
• Research, and vision, [95], [96], [102], [105], [142];
  • historical and scientific data, [154];
  • metaphysical, [163]
• Restorations, Western attitude toward, [254]
• Resurrection, change in meaning, [135n.]
• Rhine River, as historic, [254n.]
• Rhodes, Cecil, analogy, [4];
  • and imperialism, [37], [38];
  • morale, [349], [351]
• Rhodes, as “Venice of Antiquity”, [49];
  • and Helios, [402]
• Richelieu, Cardinal, morale, [349];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Riegl, Alois, on Arabian art, [208], [215]
• Riemann, Georg F. B., artist-nature, [61];
  • relation to Archimedes, [69];
  • religion and mathematic, [70];
  • notation, [77];
  • and boundlessness, [88];
  • mathematical position, [90];
  • goal of analysis, [418];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Riemenschneider, Tilmann, and portraiture, [270]
• Robespierre, Maximilien, adventurer, [149];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Rococo, as stage of style, [202];
  • architecture and music, [231], [232], [285];
  • parks, [240];
  • contemporaries, table [ii].
  • See also [Baroque]
• Rodin, Auguste, sculpture as painting, [244], [245]
• Rogier van der Weyden, in Italy, [236]
• Roman Catholicism, colour symbolism, [247-249];
  • and music, [268n.];
  • monasticism, [316n.], [343], [348];
  • esoteric dogma, [328];
  • prelates and manly virtue, [349].
  • See also [Christianity]; [Jesuitism]
• Roman law, and cultural-language, [310n.]
• Romanesque, simplicity, [196];
  • as stage of style, [201], [202];
  • and Classical, [275n.]
• Romanticism, defined, [197];
  • and mysticism, [365n.];
  • and mathematics, [366]
• Rome, city, megalopolitanism, [32], [34]
• Rome, empire, and Classical Culture, [8];
  • imperialism, [36-38], [336];
  • and Arabian Culture, [72], [207], [208];
  • army and citizenship, [325];
  • emperor-worship, [405], [407], [411];
  • and toleration, [411].
  • See also [Classical Culture]
• Rondanini Madonna, as music, [277]
• Rondeau, origin, [229]
• Roof, as Arabian expression, [210]
• Rore, Cyprian de, in Italy, [236];
  • music, [251], [252]
• Rossellino, Antonio, and portrait, [272]
• Rossini, Gioachino, Catholicism, [268n.];
  • on Meyerbeer, [293]
• Rottmann, Karl, and grand style, [289]
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, and naturalism, [33], [207], [288];
  • and superficially incidental, [144];
  • and imperialism, [149], [150];
  • autumnal accent, [207];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • contemporaries, [353n.], table [i];
  • and compassion, [362];
  • and Darwinism, [369];
  • intellect and wisdom[wisdom], [409]
• Rubens, Peter Paul, colour, [253];
  • and body, [270], [271n.], [278];
  • and dynamics, [414]
• Ruins, as Western expression, [254]
• Ruler-cult, [405], [411]
• Runge, Otto P., and grand style, [289]
• Russia, and the West, [16n.];
  • stage of art, [201];
  • architecture, [211];
  • ignored art, [223];
  • will-less soul, [309];
  • culture and charity, [350]
• Rutherford, Sir Ernest, atoms as quanta of action, [385], [419]
• Ruysdael, Jakob, colour, [246];
  • period, [283]

• Sabæans, and early Christian designs, [22n.], [209n.];
  • temple-form, [210n.];
  • art, [223];
  • art contemporaries, table [ii]
• Sahu-rê, pyramid, [203]
• St. Denis, royal tombs, [261], [264]
• St. Lorenz Church, Nürnberg, and styles, [205]
• St. Mark, Venice, origins, [211]
• St. Patroclus, Soest, arcade-porch, [205]
• St. Paul without the Walls, as Pseudomorphic, [210], [210n.]
• St. Peter’s, Rome, as Baroque, [206], [238]
• St Pierre et St Paul, Moissac, ornamentation, [199]
• St. Priscilla, catacombs, paintings, [137]
• St. Vitale, Ravenna, characteristics, [200]
• Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, boundlessness, [199]
• Saints, contemporary legends, [400], table [i]
• Saivas, Lingayats, [136n.]
• Saktas, [136n.]
• Salamanca, loss of prestige, [33]
• Salvation Army, as exception, [348]
• Samarra, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Samnites, Roman war as classic, [36], [151n.]
• Samos, Hera of Cheramues, [225n.]
• Sangallo, Antonio da, Palazzo Farnese façade, [275]
• Sankhya, and Buddhism, [353n.], [356];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Sant’ Andrea, Pistora, Pisano’s Sibyls, [263]
• Santa Maria Novella, Florence, style, [234];
  • Flemish paintings, [236]
• Sassanids, and Arabian state, [212];
  • art [223];
  • music, [228]
• Satyrs, materiality, [403]
• Savonarola, Girolamo, and art tendencies, [233];
  • and Renaissance, [328];
  • and Western morale, [348];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Scarlatti, Alessandro, character of arias, [219n.]
• Scene, dramatic, cultural basis, [325]
• Scepticism, as last stage of Western philosophy, [45], [374]
• Scharnhorst, Gerhard von, army reforms, [150n.]
• Schelling, Friedrich von, and dualism, [307];
  • esoteric, [369];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Schiller, Johann C. F., tragic form, [147];
  • banality, [155]
• Schirazi, and dualism, [307]
• Schlüter, Andreas, architecture, [244], [245], [285]
• Schöngauer, Martin, colour, [250]
• Scholasticism, art association, [229];
  • will and reason, [305];
  • and dualism, [307];
  • cultural culmination, [365n.];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Schopenhauer, Arthur, and history, [7], [29], [97n.];
  • provincialism, [23], [24];
  • practical philosophy, [45], [368];
  • and mathematics, [67], [125], [366];
  • will, and reason, [308], [342];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • and ethics, [354], [373];
  • pessimism and system, [366], [370];
  • and critique of society, [367];
  • and Darwinism, [369], [372], [373];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Schroeter, Manfred, on criticism of Spengler, x
• Schütz, Heinrich, Matthew Passion, [199], [244];
  • and imagination, [220];
  • pictorial music, [283];
  • God-feeling, [395]
• Science, of history, [153], [154];
  • esoteric Western, [328].
  • See also [Art]; [Mathematics]; [Natural science]; [Nature]
• Scipio, P. Cornelius, and economic organization, [138];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Scopas, and self-criticism, [264];
  • and body, [270];
  • period, [284]
• Scott, Sir Walter, as historian, [96]
• Scrope, Richard, as warrior, [349n.]
• Sculpture, and proportion and function, [84];
  • Classical, as become, [97];
  • cultural basis, [216], [225];
  • form-ideal of Classical, picture-origin, [225];
  • polychrome, [226];
  • music-origin of Rococo, [231];
  • Gothic, [231], [261];
  • use of marble, [232], [249n.], [253], [276];
  • Renaissance, [235], [237], [238], [253];
  • position in Western Culture, [244];
  • Egyptian, polish, [248n.], [266];
  • bronze, [253], [276];
  • Classical expression of body as soul, [260], [261], [305];
  • Michelangelo’s attitude, [275-277], [281];
  • free Classical, and Western music, [283], [284];
  • Classical, and time of day, [325];
  • Classical, and spectator, [329];
  • contemporary cultural periods, table [ii].
  • See also [Art]; [Portraiture]
• Sebastiano del Piombo, and Raphael, [272]
• Second religiousness, period in a Culture, [xi], [108], [424-428];
  • of Rome, [306]
• Selene, as goddess, [147n.], [402]
• Seleucus, astronomical theory, [68]
• Seljuk art, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Semper, Gottfried, on style, [221]
• Seneca, L. Annæus, Stoicism and income, [33];
  • and Baroque drama, [317]
• Sentinum, battle, [151]
• Septimius Severus, favourite god, [406]
• Serapis, cult, [406]
• Serenus, as Arabian thinker, [63]
• Servius Tullius, myth, [11]
• Sesostris, court, [81];
  • as name, [206];
  • autumn of Culture, [207]
• Sethos I, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Sèvres ware, and Wedgwood, [150n.]
• Sex, naturalism, [24], [33], [207], [288];
  • problem of Civilization, [35];
  • cultural attitude, [136];
  • historical aspects, [137]
• Sforzas, Hellenic sorriness, [273]
• Shaftesbury, Earl of, and imperialism, [150]
• Shakespeare, William, tragic form and method, vision, [129], [130], [141n.], [142], [143], [220], [319];
  • Bacon controversy, [135n.];
  • and motive, [156];
• as dramatist of the incidental, [142], [146];
  • and historical material, [255];
  • and Classical drama, [323];
  • and time of day, [324];
  • scenes, [325];
  • God-feeling, [330], [395];
  • ethical passion, [347], [355];
  • and evolution, [370]
• Shang Period, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Shaw, George Bernard, sex problem, [35];
  • and history, [255n.];
  • and morale, [346], [368], [369], [373], [374];
  • superman, [350];
  • and diet, [361];
  • on Schopenhauer, [367];
  • and Socialism and Darwinism, [371], [372]
• Shih-huang-ti, career, [112n.]
• Shiva, cult, [136n.]
• Short story, Western, [318n.]
• Siegfried, archtype, [402];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Siena, and counter-Renaissance, [234];
  • school, [268]
• Signorelli, Luca de’, and Classicism, [221];
  • and body and colour, [239], [242], [278];
  • act and portrait, [270], [271];
  • and statics, [414]
• Sikyon, Adrastos cult, [33n.]
• Silesian wars, and cultural rhythm, [110n.]
• Simone Martini, and Gothic, [235]
• Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo’s frescos, [263], [275], [395]
• Sistine Madonna, [268], [280]
• Six Classical Systems, contemporaries, table [i]
• Skyscraper, and gigantomachia, [291]
• Sluter, Klaus, sculpture, [263]
• Smith, Adam, economic theory, [417]
• Soaring, as Western term, [397]
• Socialism, and Civilization, [32];
  • and Darwinism, [35], [370-372];
  • and economic motives, [36], [355];
  • and imperialism, [37];
  • Frederick William I’s practice, [138];
  • ethical, defined, esoteric, [328n.], [342], [347], [351], [355], [374];
  • scientific basis of ideas, [353];
  • as end-phenomenon, [356], [357];
  • and contemporaries, immaturity, [357], [358], [361];
  • irreligion, [359], [409];
  • necessity, [361];
  • dynamic qualities, and compassion, [361];
  • and work, [362];
  • and future, [363];
  • tragedy of nebulous aim, [363];
  • and lie of life, [364];
  • and political economy, [367];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Sociology, biological, [155];
  • and Western ethics, [367], [368]
• Socrates, ahistoric consciousness, [14];
  • ethic, [347];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • and Stoicism, [353n.];
  • intellect and wisdom [409];
  • condemnation, [410];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Soest, church, [205]
• Sol Invictus, cult, [406], [406n.], [407]
• Sonata, movement, [231]
• Sophists, scientific basis, [353n.], [356];
  • and diet, [361];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Sophocles, ahistoric consciousness, [9];
  • tragic form and method, [129], [130], [141n.], [143], [146], [318], [321], [330], [386];
  • statue, [269];
  • deification, [405]
• Soul, and world and life, [54];
  • mathematic expression, [101];
  • of Cultures, inner image, [106], [303];
  • and predestination, [117];
  • individual, and macrocosm, [165], [259];
  • cultural designations and attributes, [183];
  • man as phenomenon, cultural expression, [259];
  • Classical “body” expression, [259-261];
  • Western expression in portrait, [261-266];
  • knowledge and faith, [299], [300];
  • as image of counter-world, [300];
  • and “exact” science, [301], [302], [313];
  • culture-language, [302];
  • cultural basis of systematic psychology, [303], [304], [307], [313], [314];
  • Classical static and Western dynamic, [304], [305];
  • Arabian dualism, [305];
  • will and reason, outer world parallels, [308];
  • Western will-culture, egoism, [308-312], [314];
  • and cultural religious concepts, [312], [358];
  • cultural basis of morale, [315];
  • dynamic, and biography, [315], [316];
  • Classical gesture, beauty, [316];
  • and cultural forms of tragedy, [317-326];
  • popularity, cultural basis, [326-329];
  • cultural relation to universe, [330-332];
  • and to discovery, [332-337];
  • and brain, [367].
  • See also [Morale]; [Portraiture]; [Spirit]
• Space, and natural morphology, [6], [7];
  • and the become, [56];
  • relation to Classical and Western Cultures, [64], [81-84], [88];
  • world-fear and creative expression, [79-81];
  • multi-dimensional, symbolism, [88], [89], [165];
  • direction and extension, [99], [172];
  • and causality and destiny, [119], [120];
  • awareness, [122];
  • and scientific time, [124], [125];
  • time as counter-concept, [126], [170], [172];
  • and death, [166];
  • world-experience and depth, [168], [169], [172];
  • perception or comprehension, [169-172];
  • cultural symbolism in depth-experience, [173-175];
  • cultural prime symbols, [174-178], [337];
  • Classical use of term, [175n.];
  • cultural basis of concepts, [179], [310];
  • and architectural and religious expression of Culture, [183-188], [198-200];
  • Egyptian and Chinese experiencing, [189-191], [201-203];
  • Western arts and prime phenomenon, [281], [282];
  • extension and reason, [308].
  • See also [Become]; [Causality]; [Depth-experience]; [Nature]; [Time]
• Spain, period of ascendency, incident and destiny, [148], [150]
• Spaniards, and discovery, [333]
• Spanish-Sicilian art, contemporaries, table [ii]
• Spanish Succession War, and cultural rhythm, [110n.];
  • as epoch, [149]
• Sparta, myth, [11];
  • and music, [223]
• Spencer, Herbert, and economic ascendency, [367];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Spengler, Oswald, reception of book, [ix];
  • basis of philosophy, [xiii-xv], [49n.]
• Speyer Cathedral, [185], [224]
• Spinoza, Baruch, and dualism, [307];
  • and force, [413]
• Spirit, and soul in Arabian dualism, [306].
  • See also [Body]; [History]; [Morale]; [Nature]; [Philosophy]; [Religion]; [Soul]
• Spirit land, cultural conception, [333]
• Spirit-wall, [203]
• Spitzweg, Karl, significance of colour, [252]
• Sport, and Civilization, [35]
• Stahl, Georg Ernst, chemical theory, [384]
• Stained glass. See [Glass painting]
• Stamitz, Johann K., Classical contemporary, [177];
  • and four-part movement, [231];
  • period, [284]
• State. See [Politics]
• Statics, as Classical system, [384], [393];
  • no Western concept, [414].
  • See also [Natural science]
• Statistics, and probability, [421]
• Steamship, Classical anticipation, [334]
• Stendhal, and psychology, [319]
• Stipel, and zero, [178n.]
• Stirner, Max, and morale, [346];
  • and Hegelianism, [367];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Stoicism, and Civilization, [32], [352];
  • and money, [33], [36];
  • practicality, [45];
  • homology, [111];
  • and state, [138];
  • and corporeality, [177];
  • weak soul, [203];
  • ethic, [315], [347], [355], [367];
  • and will, [344n.], [347];
  • scientific basis of ideas, [353];
  • as end-phenomenon, [356], [357];
  • and contemporaries, [357], [358], [361], table [i];
  • irreligion, [359], [409];
  • and diet, [361]
• Stone, as symbol, [188], [195], [206];
  • polish, [248n.]
  • See also [Architecture]; [Marble]; [Sculpture]
• Strassburg Minister, Arabian influence, [213]
• Streets, cultural attitude, [109];
  • Western aspect and depth-experience, [224], [241];
  • Egyptian aspect, [224n.]
• Strindberg, August, provincialism, [24], [33n.];
  • sex problem, [35];
  • and morale, [346], [374];
  • and Civilization, [352]
• String music, in Western Culture, [231], [252n.]
• Strzygowski, Josef, on Arabian art, [184], [209]
• Style, as cultural emanation, [108], [200], [202];
  • brave Egyptian, [201-203];
  • Chinese, [203];
  • weak Classical, [203-205];
  • history as organism, cultural basis, [205];
  • stages of each style, [206];
  • history of Arabian, [207-214];
  • and technical form of arts, [220];
  • in natural science, [387], [391]
• Suez Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, [42]
• Sufism, contemporaries, table [i]
• Suhrawardi, on body, [248]
• Suicide, cultural attitude, [204]
• Sulla, incident, [139];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Sunda, islands of, Roman knowledge, [334]
• Superman, in Nietzsche and Shaw, [350], [369], [370];
  • natural selection, [371]
• Sutras, contemporaries, table [i]
• Sylvester II, pope, and clock, [15n.]
• Symbolism, in living thought, xiii;
  • symbols of a culture, [4], [13], [31];
  • in historical morphology, [7], [46];
  • clock and bell, [14], [131], [134n.];
  • money and Civilization, [34];
  • in the become, [101];
  • actuality, [101], [168];
  • symbols (names) and fear, [123], [193], [397];
  • of funeral customs, [134], [135];
  • of museums, [135];
  • of world-history, [163];
  • symbols defined, [163];
  • spatiality, [165];
  • and knowledge of death, [166];
  • kind of extension as cultural symbol, [173-175];
  • cultural prime symbols, plurality, [174], [179], [180], [189], [190], [196], [203], [337];
  • writing as cultural symbol, [197n.];
  • window, [199], [210], [224];
  • in colour and gold, [245-249];
  • as replacing images, [407]
• Synagogues, patterns, [211n.]
• Syncretism, architectural expression, [209];
  • cults, [228];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Syracuse, culture city, [32];
  • and Plato, [42]
• Syria, music of sun-worship, [228];
  • contemporaries of art, table [ii].
  • See also [Arabian Culture]

• Taboo, idea, [80];
  • effect of naming, [123];
  • side of art, [127].
  • See also [Religion]
• Tacitus, Cornelius, ahistoric consciousness, [10], [11];
  • limited background, [132], [133]
• Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles de, on life before 1789, [207]
• Talmud, dualism, [306];
  • determinism, [307];
  • and nature, [393];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Tanis, Hyksos Sphinx, [108], [262]
• Tanit, as deity, [406]
• Tao, principle, [14], [190], [203], [228];
  • perspective, [311n.]
• Tarquins, myth, [11];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Tartessus, realm, [332n.]
• Tartini, Giuseppe[Giuseppe], orchestration, [231];
  • violin story, [276n.]
• Tasso, Torquato, and fixed scene, [325]
• Taygetus, Mount, Lycurgus as local god, [11]
• Technics, and future of Western Culture, [41], [44]
• Technique, and theory, [395]
• Teleology, as caricature, [120]
• Telephus Frieze. See [Pergamene]
• Telescope, as Western symbol, [331]
• Tell-el-Amarna, art, [193n.], [293]
• Tellez, Gabriel. See [Tirso de Molina]
• Tellus Mater, materiality, [403]
• Temperature, and dynamics, [414]
• Templum, as cult-plan, [185]
• Tension, as Western principle, [386]
• Ten Thousand, expedition, as episode, [147], [336n.]
• Terpander, music, [223]
• Thales, and problem of knowing, [365], [381]
• Thalestas, music, [223]
• Thebes, autumnal city, [99]
• Themistocles, ahistoric consciousness, [9];
  • morale, [349]
• Theocritus, irreligion, [358]
• Theory, and fact, [378];
  • and religion, [395]
• Theosophy, conversion, [346]
• Theotokos, and Mary-cult, [137n.], [267], [268]
• Theresa, Saint, and Western morale, [348]
• Thermodynamics, first law and energy, [413];
  • second law, entropy, [420]
• Theseus legends, contemporaries, table [i]
• Thing-become. See [Become]
• Thing-becoming. See [Becoming]
• Thinite Period, contemporaries, tables [ii], [iii]
• Thinker, defined, [xiii]
• Third Kingdom, as Western conception, [363];
  • and lie of life, [364]
• Thirty Years’ War, as epoch, [149]
• Thoma, Hans, painting, [289]
• Thomas Aquinas, influence of Joachim of Floris, [20];
  • and destiny, [141];
  • ethic, [309];
  • religion, [394];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Thoroughbass, and geometry, [61];
  • rise, [230]
• Thorwaldsen, Albert, sculpture, [245]
• Thothmes, workshop, [193n.]
• Thucydides, ahistoric consciousness, [9];
  • limited background, [10], [132], [133n.]
• Thunder-pattern, [196]
• Thuthmosis III, maturity of culture, [94];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Tiberius, as episode, [140];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, painting, [283];
  • ease, [292]
• Time, and historical morphology, [6];
  • and history, problems, [49], [95], [103], [158];
  • and direction, [54], [56];
  • and mathematics, [64], [125], [126];
  • enigma, as word, effect of naming, [79], [121-123];
  • direction and extension, [99], [172];
  • and destiny and causality, [119], [120];
  • unawareness, [122];
  • mechanical conception, [122];
  • “space['“space] of time”, [122n.];
  • and Relativity, [124n.], [419];
  • and space, scientific explanation, counter-concept, [124-126], [170];
  • ahistoric and historic drama, cultural basis, [130];
  • cultural symbolism of clock, [131], [134];
  • and cause and incident, [142];
  • as feeling, [154];
  • and nature, [158], [387-391];
  • past and transience, [166];
  • direction and dimension, [169n.];
  • and depth, [172], [173];
  • and imitation and ornament, [193-195], [197];
  • direction and will, [308];
  • direction and aim, [361].
  • See also [Becoming]; [Destiny]; [History]; [Space]
• Time of day, cultural attitude, [324], [325]
• Tintoretto, background, [239]
• Tiresias, cult, [185]
• Tirso de Molina, and unities, [323]
• Tiryns, funeral customs, [135]
• Titian, period, [108];
  • technique, brushwork, [221], [249];
  • and Raphael, [227];
  • and colour, [242], [252];
  • and popularity, [243];
  • portraits as biography, [264];
  • and body, [271];
  • Baroque, [274];
  • impressionism, [286];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Title, symbolic importance, [408n.]
• Toleration, cultural attitude, [343], [404], [410], [411]
• Tolstoi, Leo, and Europe, [16n.];
  • provincialism, [24];
  • on notion of death, [166];
  • philosophy, [309]
• Totem, side of art, [128]. See also [Religion]; [Taboo]
• Tragedy. See [Drama]
• Trajan, analogy, [39];
  • and Arabian art, [211];
  • forum, [215];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Transcendentalism, Western, [311]
• Transience, notion, [166]
• Trecento, so-called Renaissance, [233n.]
• Trent, Council of, Jesuit domination, [148];
  • and Western Christianity, [247];
  • and church music, [268n.];
  • and Western morale, [348]
• Trigonometry, contemporaries, table [i]. See also [Mathematics]
• Trinity, as physical problem, [383]
• Trojan War, and Crusades, [10n.], [27]
• Troubadours, imitative music, [229]
• Truth, relativity, cultural basis, [xiii], [41], [46], [60], [146], [178-180], [304], [313], [345]
• Tscharvaka, contemporaries, table [i]
• Tsin, contemporaries, [37], table [iii]
• Turfan, Indian dramas, [295]
• Turgot, Anne R. J., economic theory, [417]
• Tuscany. See [Florence]; [Renaissance]
• Tusculum, battle, [349n.]
• Twelfth Night, [325]
• Twilight of the Gods, Christian form, [400]
• Tyche, as deity, [146]
• Tzigane music, improvisation, [195]

• Uhde, Fritz K. H. von, and religious painting, [288n.]
• Ulm Minster, as model, [224]
• Unities, dramatic, Classical and Western attitude, [323]
• Universe, cultural attitude, [330-332]
• Upanishads, contemporaries, table [i]
• Usefulness, cult, [155], [156]
• Uzzano bust, Donatello’s, [272]

• Vaishnavism, [136n.]
• Valcashika, contemporaries, table [i]
• Valhalla, conception, [186], [187];
  • history, [400];
  • and unitary space, [403]
• Valkyries, and unitary space, [403]
• Valmy, battle, Goethe and significance, [149]
• Van Dyck, Anthony, musical expression, [250]
• Varangians, movement-stream, [333n.]
• Varro, M. Terentius, classification of gods, [11];
  • on religions, [394]
• Varyags, movement-stream, [333n.]
• Vasari, Giorgio, on imitation, [192]
• Vase-painting, Classical, and time of day, [226], [325];
  • Renaissance, [237]
• Vatican, Raphael’s frescoes, [237], [279];
  • Michelangelo’s, [263], [275], [395]
• Vaux-le-Vicomte, park, [241]
• Vector, concept and Baroque art, [311];
  • and motion, [314]
• Vedanta doctrine, [352], [355];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Vedas, homology, [111];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Vegetarianism, and Civilization, [361]
• Velasquez, Diego, musical expression, [250];
  • and body, [271];
  • period, [283];
  • as religious, [358]
• Venice, and Arabian Culture, [211], [216], [235];
  • art ascendency, [224];
  • school of painting, [227], [281];
  • music, [230], [236], [282];
  • and Renaissance, [273].
  • See also [Titian]
• Venus and Rome, temple, [211]
• Verlaine, Paul, autumnal accent, [241]
• Vermeer, Jan, technique, [221];
  • colour, [251], [253];
  • period, [283]
• Veronese, Paolo. See [Paolo]
• Verrocchio, Andrea, sculpture, Colleone statue, [235], [238], [272];
  • goldsmith, [237];
  • and portrait, [271];
  • anti-Gothic, [275n.]
• Versailles, park, [241]
• Vesta, materiality, [403]
• Viadana, Lodovico, music, [230]
• Vienna, master-builders, [207];
  • chamber music, [232]
• Vieta, François, significance of algebraic notation, [71]
• Vignola, Giacomo, architecture, liberation, [87], [313], [412]
• Village Sheikh, statue, [265]
• Violin, as Western symbol, [231], [252n.]
• Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene E., and restorations, [254n.]
• Virtue, cultural concepts of manly, [348]. See also [Truth]
• Vishnu, and Krishna, [136n.]
• Vision, and history and art, [95], [96], [102], [142]
• Vitruvius, and arch and column, [204]
• Völuspá, unitary space, [185]. See also [Eddas]
• Voltaire, contemporary mathematics, [66];
  • and imperialism, [150];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Voluntas, meaning, [310n.]
• Vulturnus, materiality, [403]

• Wagner, Richard, sensuousness, [35];
  • and popularity, [35], [327];
  • foreshadowing by, [111];
  • modernity, [111];
  • and imagination, [220];
  • end-art, [223], [425];
  • impressionism, and endless space, [282], [286], [292];
  • and form and size, [291], [352];
  • striving, [292];
  • and psychology, [319];
  • and Civilization, [352];
  • character of Nihilism, [357];
  • irreligion, [358];
  • nebulous aim, [363], [364];
  • and lie of life, [364];
  • and Nietzsche, [370];
  • and socio-economic ethics, [370], [372], [373];
  • forest-longing, [397]
• Wallenstein, Albrecht von, horoscope, [147];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Walther von der Vogelweide, lyrics, [324]
• Wang-Cheng, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Wang Hü, imperialism, [37]
• Washington, George, contemporaries, table [iii]
• Washington, D. C., contemporaries, [112]
• Wasmann, Rudolf F., act and portrait, [271n.];
  • and grand style, [289]
• Watteau, Jean A., period, [108];
  • “singing” picture, [219], [232], [283];
  • colour, [246], [247], [253];
  • contemporaries, table [ii]
• Way, as Egyptian prime symbol, [174], [189], [201]
• Wazo of Liége, Bishop, as warrior, [349n.]
• Wedgwood ware, and Sèvres, [150n.]
• Weierstrass, Karl T. W., on poetry in mathematics, [62];
  • and time, [126]
• Weimar, culture city, [29], [139]
• Weininger, Otto, position in Western ethics, [374]
• Western Culture, clock and bell as symbols, [14], [15n.], [131], [134];
  • mathematic, function, [15], [62], [68], [74-78], [87-90];
  • irrational idea of historical culmination in, [16-20], [39];
  • provincialism, [22-25], [39];
  • Classical contemporary of present period, [26];
  • destiny, acceptance, [32], [37-41], [44], [336];
  • philosophy of decline, [45], [46];
  • World War as type of change, [46-48];
  • infinite space as prime symbol, art expression, [81], [86], [87], [89], [174-178], [184-187], [198-201], [224], [229-232], [239-242], [281-285], [337];
  • and popularity, [85], [243], [326-328], [362];
  • historic basis, destiny-idea, [97], [129], [130], [133-135], [143], [145], [363];
  • morphological aspect, [100];
  • dramatic form, [129];
  • expression of soul, portrait, [130], [260-266], [304];
  • and care and sex, [136];
  • attitude toward state, [137];
  • economic organization, [138];
  • religious expression, [140], [185-188], [312], [398-401];
  • Franco-Spanish period of maturity, [148], [150n.];
  • English basis of Civilization, [151], [371];
  • final test of foreseeing destiny, [159];
  • birth of soul, attributes, [167], [183];
  • literary expression, [185-188];
  • art-work and sense-organ, imagination, [220];
  • secularization of arts, [230];
  • form and content, [242];
  • position of sculpture, [244];
• colour symbol, [245-247], [250];
  • brushwork as symbol, [249];
  • unity, [252];
  • and motherhood, [266-268];
  • languages, [302n.];
  • as will-culture, [308-312];
  • and time of day, [324];
  • significance of astronomy, [330-332];
  • and discovery, [332-337];
  • aspects of ethics, [367-369];
  • culture and dogma, [410];
  • spiritual epochs, table [i];
  • art epochs, table [ii];
  • political epochs, table [iii].
  • See also [Art]; [Civilization]; [Cultures]; [History]; [Nature]; [Politics]; [Spirit]
• Weyden['Weyden], Rogier van der. See [Rogier]
• Wilhelm, Meister, painting, [263]
• Will, free will and destiny, [140], [141];
  • unexplainable, [299];
  • as Western concept, [302], [304], [308-313];
  • and reason, [308];
  • and Western concept of God, [312];
  • and character, [314];
  • and life, [315];
  • and Western morale, [341-345], [373]
• Willaert, Adrian, music, in Italy, [236], [252]
• Winckelmann, Johann J., narrow Classicalism, [28n.]
• Wind instruments, colour expression, [252n.]
• Window, cultural significance, [199], [210], [224]
• Woermann, Karl, on catacomb Madonna, [137n.]
• Wolfram von Eschenbach, world-outlook, [142];
  • forest-longing, [186], [397];
  • and Grail, [213n.];
  • and popularity, [243];
  • tragic method, [319], [324]
• Woodwind instruments, colour expression, [252n.]
• Word, relation to number, [57].
  • See also [Language]; [Names]
• Work, Protestant works, [316n.];
  • and deed, [355];
  • and Socialism, [362];
  • Western concept, [413]
• World, and soul and life, [54]
• World-Ash Yggdrasil, as symbol, [396]
• World conceptions, historical and natural, overlapping, [98-100], [102], [103], [119], [153], [154], [158];
  • (diagram), [154];
  • symbolic, [163-165];
  • happening and history, [153].
  • See also [History]; [Macrocosm]; [Nature]
• World-end, as symbol of Western soul, [363], [423]
• World-fear, creative expression, [79-81]
• World-longing, development, and world-fear, [78-81]
• World War, and Spengler’s theories, [ix], [xv];
  • as type of historical change of phase, [46-48], [110n.];
  • contemporaries, table [iii]
• Writing, alphabet and historical consciousness, [12n.];
  • as ornament, [194n.], [197n.]
  • See also [Language]
• Würzburg, Marienkirche and style, [200];
  • master-builders, [207]
• Wu-ti, contemporaries, table [iii]

• Yahweh, dualism, [312], [402]
• Yang-chu, practical philosophy, [45]
• Yellow, symbolism, [246]
• Yggdrasil, as symbol, [396]
• Yoga doctrine, [355];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Youth, and future, [152]

• Zama, as marking a period, [36]
• Zarathustra. See [Zoroaster]
• Zarlino, Giuseppe, music, [230], [282]
• Zend Avesta, dualism, [306], [307];
  • and nature, [393];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Zeno, of Elea. See [Eleatic philosophy]
• Zeno, the Stoic, ethic, [347], [354];
  • character of Nihilism, [357];
  • and mathematics, [366];
  • contemporaries, table [i]
• Zenodorus, as Arabian thinker, [63]
• Zero, Classical mathematic and, [66-68];
  • and theory of the limit, [86];
  • cultural conception, [178]
• Zeuxis, painting, light and shadow, [207], [242n.], [283], [325n.]
• Zola, Emile, journalism, [360]
• Zoroaster, Nietzsche’s “Zarathustra”, [30], [342], [363], [370], [371];
  • unimposed mystic benefits, [344n.];
  • Arabian epic, [402].
  • See also [Zend Avesta]
• Zwinger, of Dresden, in style history, [108], [207], [285]

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