The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom / Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

by P. L. Simmonds

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Ure's Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures.

[2] Fractional parts are not necessary to include.

[3] Dr. Lindley is in error as to the discriminating duties—British cacao pays 9s., and foreign 18s.

[4] According to Breen's History of St. Lucia up to 1844.

[5] Caffeine (the principle of coffee) and theobromine (the principle of cacao) are the most highly nitrogenised products in nature, as the following analysis will show:—

Caffeine, according to Pfaff and Liebig, contains—

Carbon	49.77
Hydrogen	5.33
Nitrogen	28.78
Oxygen	16.12

Theobromine, according to Woskreseusky, contains—

Carbon	47.21
Hydrogen	4.53
Nitrogen	35.38
Oxygen	12.80

Of the two, cacao contains the larger quantity of nitrogen; and this chemical fact explains why cacao should be so much more nutritive than tea, though the principle of tea (theine) is nearly identical with the principle of cacoa—tea containing in 100 parts 29.009 of nitrogen. On this subject Liebig has made an observation which I cannot avoid noticing. He says, "We shall never certainly be able to discover how men were led to the use of the hot infusion of the leaves of a certain shrub (tea), or of a decoction of certain roasted seeds (coffee). Some cause there must be, which would explain how the practice has become a necessary of life to whole nations. But it is surely still more remarkable that the beneficial effects of both plants on the health must be ascribed to one and the same substance, the presence of which in two vegetables, belonging to different natural families, and the produce of different quarters of the globe, could hardly have presented itself to the boldest imagination. Yet recent researches have shown, in such a manner as to exclude all doubt, that caffeine, the peculiar principle of coffee, and theine, that of tea, are in all respects identical."—(Anim. Chem., pp. 178-9.) We really can see nothing in all this but the manifestation of that instinct which, implanted in us by the Almighty, led the untutored Indian (as we are pleased to call him) to breathe into the nostril of the buffalo or the wild horse, and by that single act to subdue his angry rage, or that impelled the first discoverer of combustion to extract fire from the attrition of two pieces of wood. The American Indian, living entirely on flesh, "discovered for himself in tobacco smoke a means of retarding the change of matter in the tissues of the body, and thereby of making hunger more endurable."—(P. 179.) But the wonder ceases, when we reflect that man was endued with certain properties by his Maker which must have been at some remote period, of which we can form no idea, active and manifest the moment he breathed the breath of life. To inquire how he lost this property is not our business at present, but it is only by supposing the quondam existence of such a property, active and manifest, that can in any way explain a first knowledge of the therapeutic, or threptic, qualities of plants and shrubs. With regard to the identity of theine, caffeine, theobromine, &c., it would be as well that the reader should keep in mind that it is so chemically only, for in appearance, taste, weight, odor, &c., no substances can differ more. Does the palate exert some peculiar action on the ingesta, so as to give to each a distinct sapor? Or vice versa?

[6] In the West Indies, from my own experience, I have found this to be one of the worst descriptions of soil. P.L.S.

[7] Correspondent of the Singapore Free Press, December, 1852.

[8] It is important, in considering what tea may be had from China, to consider the manner of its production. It is grown over an immense district, in small farms, or rather gardens, no farm producing more that 600 chests. "The tea merchant goes himself, or sends his agents to all the small towns, villages, and temples in the district, to purchase tea from the priests and small farmers; the large merchant, into whose hands the tea thus comes, has to refire it and pack it for the foreign market."—(Fortune's Tea Districts.) This refiring is the only additional process of manufacture for our market. Mr. Fortune elsewhere, in his valuable work, giving an account of the cost of tea from the farmers, the conveyance to market, and the merchant's profit, states that " the small farmer and manipulator is not overpaid, but that the great profits are received by the middlemen." No doubt these men do their utmost to keep the farmers in complete ignorance of the state of the tea-market, that they may monopolise the advantages, but it is pretty certain that the news of a bold reduction of duty, and the promise of an immensely increased consumption, would reach even the Chinese farmers, and make them pick their trees more closely—a little of which amongst so many would make a vast difference in the total supply.

[9] See article Thea, by Dr. Royle, in "Penny Cyclopædia," vol xxiv., p. 286.

[10] Hooker's "Bot. Mag.," 1.3148. It is the Assam tea plant.

[11] Report on Tea Cultivation submitted to House of Commons. See Blue Book, 1839, p. 1-3.

[12] In a short time rain gauges will be established at Bheemtal, Huwalbaugh, Paoree, and Kaolagir, in order to measure the quantity of rain that falls annually, for the purpose of ascertaining how much the quantity and quality of the produce of tea is affected by the weather.

[13] In China this process, according to the statement of tea manufacturers, is carried on to a great extent.

[14] Dr. Jameson, in a late communication, remarks—"From the accounts I have received of that place (Darjeeling), I doubt not but that the plants there grown will yield tea of a superior description."

[15] The crops of this district, such as rice, mundooa, and other grains, are so plentiful and cheap as scarcely to pay the carriage to the nearest market town, much less to the plains. In Almorah a maund of rice or mundooa sells for something less than a rupee; barley for eight annas; and wheat for a rupee.

[16] There is frequently a discrepancy in the figures in the Parliamentary papers, which will account for a want of agreement in some of these returns.

[17] See the "Pharmaceutical Journal" for June, 1849, p. 15, et seq.

[18] Reports of Dr. Roxburgh, Mr. Touchet of Radanagore, and Mr. Cardin of Mirzapore, Cutna. Papers on East India Sugar, page 258.

[19] Many are of opinion, that although the juice of this cane is larger in quantity, yet that it contains less sugar. There is some sense in the reason they assign, which is, that in the Mauritius and elsewhere it has the full time of twelve or fourteen months allowed for its coming to maturity—whereas the agriculture of India, and especially in Bengal, only allows it eight or nine months, which, though ample to mature the smaller country canes, is not sufficient for the Otaheite.

[20] Roxburgh on the Culture of Sugar and Jaggary in the Rajahmundry Circar; Third Ap. to Report on East India Sugar, p. 2.

[21] L'Exploitation de Sucreries. Porter on the Sugar Cane, 53,321.

[22] That the above application would be beneficial, is rendered still more worthy of credit from the following experience:—In the Dhoon, the white ant is a most formidable enemy to the sugar planter, owing to the destruction it causes to the sets when first planted. Mr. G.H. Smith says, that there is a wood very common there, called by the natives Butch, through, which, they say, if the irrigating waters are passed in its progress to the beds, the white ants are driven away. (Trans. Agri-Hort. Soc. of India, v. 65.)

[23] Fitzmaurice on the Culture of the Sugar Cane.

[24] The kilogramme is equal to 2 lb, 3 oz. avoirdupois.

[25] A lecture on the nutritive value of different articles of food, by C. Daubeny, M.D., "Gardener's Chronicle" (London), January 20th, 1849, p. 37.

[26] Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 1849, p. 646.

[27] A lecture "On the Geographical Distribution of Corn Plants," by the Rev. E. Sidney—Proceedings of the Royal Institution (London), May 18th, 1849.

[28] Boussingault's Rural Economy, American edition, pp. 85 and 86.

[29] Zenas Coffin, one of the oldest whalemen in Nantucket, states that corn meal in tight rum puncheons when sent to the Went Indies will keep sweet, while in common flour barrels it will spoil. Report of the Commissioner of Patents for 1847, p. 133.

[30] From remarks of Col. Skinner, and others, at a meeting of the American Institute, held in April 1846. Transactions of American Institute, 1846, p. 509 et seq.

[31] Comptes Rendus des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences, February 5th, 1819.

[32] A Treatise on Diet and Regimen, by Wm. Henry Robertson, M.D., vol. i. p. 153.

[33] The Plant: a Biography; by M.H. Schleiden, M.D., Professor of Botany in the University of Jena. English translation, p. 54.

[34] Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society for 1847, p. 190. In this communication, Mr. Bentz does not describe the process which he adopts, but enumerates some of its supposed advantages.

[35] Quoted by Boussingault, Rural Economy, Amer. edition, p. 410.

[36] A Treatise on Diet and Regimen, by Wm. Henry Robertson, M.D., Vol. i. p. 140.

[37] Experimental Researches on the Food of Animals, &c., by R.D. Thomson, M.D., p. 156.

[38] Chemistry of Vegetable and Animal Physiology, translated by Prof. J.F.W. Johnston, p. 684.

[39] See Dr. R.D. Thomson's Experimental Researches on the Food of Animals, &c.

[40] Mulder's Chemistry of Vegetable and Animal Physiology; English Translation, p. 816.

[41] I have had no opportunity of analysing samples of flour from the South-Western States, and therefore cannot extend this comparison to them.

[42] Transactions of "Agri.-Hort. Society, of Calcutta," vol. iv. p. 125.

[43] Dict. of Arts and Manufacture.

[44] Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 3, p. 138.

[45] The glasses used were all of the sort described in Griffin's catalogue under the name of Clark's test-glasses. They were all, as nearly as possible, of the same size and shape.

[46] I have determined the amount of nitrogen contained in the meal made from the whole maize, the growth of the colony, as also from plantain meal; I have also ascertained its amount in cassava meal, prepared in the manner mentioned in the text, and in meal prepared from the cassava sliced, dried, and ground without expressing the juice. Assuming Liebig's formula of Proteine, namely, C-48 N-6 H-36 0-4 the results stand thus:—

	Nitrogen. Per cent.	Proteine compounds. Per cent.
Maize meal (unhusked)	1.73	10.72
Plantain meal	.88	5.45
Cassava meal (juice expressed)	.36	2.23
Ditto from the sliced and dried roots	.78	4.83

[47] Les Moyens de prévenir la Maladie des Pommes de Terre. Expériences et Conclusions de A.N.C. Bollman, Conseiller d'état, Professeur, &c. 8vo, St. Petersburg, 1853.

[48] If cinnamon seeds after washing be exposed to the sun, even for twenty minutes, the shells will crack in two, and this prevents the seeds from growing.

[49] No export duties exist in the Straits Settlements.

[50] Since these remarks were written, the duty has been wholly abolished.

[51] Although this was the amount of produce for 1842, it must be remarked that that crop was a complete failure, and the average crop for some years past has been 46,666 pounds.

[52] Ure's Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures.

[53] The vernacular name for stale or putrid urine.

[54] "Lit" was the name applied to the plant, from which the dye was to be prepared, and "pig" is the Scotch synonym for any kind of earthenware vessel—in which the maceration was generally carried on.

[55] Pitkins' Statistics of the United States.

[56] A great portion of the crop I grew had leaves measuring two feet nine inches in length and eighteen inches wide, being larger than I ever knew to have been grown in America. The average weight I obtained per acre, was 25 cwt.; whereas I see by the public returns, the average of what is grown here is only 17 1-7th cwt.

---

INDEX.

Albrus precatorius, [643]
Acacia bark, [493]
Catechu, [495], [577]
dealbata, [505]
Acer saccharinum, [205]
Acre, coffee trees to the, [69]
Achira plant, [355]
Achote, a name for arnotto, [447]
Acrocomia fusiformis, [519]
Adeps Myristica, [402]
Adme cyperus, [626]
Adenanthera Pavonina, [378]
Adansonia digitata, [378]
African arrowroot, [353]
lard, [525]
purple millet, [307]
Africa, pepper grown in, [422]
tobacco culture in, [615]
Agar-Agar moss, [378], [379]
Agi or Guinea pepper, [429]
Agave Americana—a substitute for soap, [574]
Agaiti oil, [520]
Agricultural wealth of tropical regions, [2]
Aipi, [376]
Akyab, exports of rice from, [297]
Aleurites triloba, [521], [538]
Alexandrian senna, [648]
Algaroba beans, [313]
bark, [503]
Algiers, tobacco culture in, [615]
Alizaine, [478]
Alkanet root, [442]
Allspice, the common name for pimento, [430]
Almond oil, [510], [533]
Aloes, statistics of exports from the Cape, [632]
varieties of, [628]
Alpinia Galanga, [419]
Cardamomum, [419]
racemosa, [414]
Alstræmeria pallida, [330]
Althea rosea, [442]
Amaranthus gangiticus, [434]
American arrowroot, [352]
flour, countries to which, shipped, [223]
Americans consume most coffee, [40]
Amboyna wood, [439]
Amomum, species of, [419]
Zingiber, [414]
Anacardium occidentale, [495], [521]
Analyses, various, of tobacco, [592]-[93]
Analysis of the coffee plant, [49]
ashes of the coffee tree, [43]
of catechu, [579]
of Havana tobacco, [591], [615]
of other varieties, [615]
of oil cake, [546]
of soils, [617]
of soils, not so requisite abroad, [7]
of the sugar cane, by Dr. Evans, [154]
of sugar soils in the East, [172]
Anethum graveolens, [376]
Sowa, seeds of, [434]
Angola weed, [486]
Aniseed, [437]
Antigua arrowroot, statistics of, [353]
cost of cultivating sugar, [189]
Ants, remedy for, [181]
Anchusa tinctoria, [442]
Andropogon, species of, [572]
Anileria, a manufactory for indigo, [460]
Apricot oil, [511], [536]
Apios, [355], [371]
Aquilaria, species of, [439]
Arghel leaves, [647]
Arachis hypogœa, [513]
Arenga saccharifera, the gomutus saccharifera of Rumphius, [136], [314]
Areometer, an instrument for testing oil, [532]
Arbor alba, [566]
Areca nuts, value of the exports from Ceylon, [579]
palm, [577]
Argemone Mexicana, [511], [521], [626]
Arnotto, [447]
Arpent, a French land measure, about one-seventh less than an acre, [251]
Arracan, exports of rice from, [297]
Arracacha esculenta, [355], [375]
Arrack, [556]
used to flavor tobacco, [621]
Arroba, a Spanish weight of 25 lbs., the fourth part of a quintal.
Arrowroot, Benzon's analysis of, [348]
culture and commerce of, [345]
made from the Palmyra shoots, [376]
starch of, [331], [334]-[35], [337]
Arsenic for steeping grain, poisonous effects from, [233]
Artocarpus incisa, [318], [330]
Arum colocasia, [364]
esculentum, [364]
Rumphii, [365]
Asafœtida, [633]
Asclepias curassavica, [625]
gigantea, [494]
tingens, [442]
Assamee, an Indian name for the ryot or cultivator, [467]
Assam, introduction of tea culture, [94]
tea sales, [98]
Company, origin of, [98]
manufacture of tea in, [126]
Assaroo, rain sowing, [468]
Astoria theiformis, used as tea at Santa Fe, [80]
Attap leaf for thatching, [405], [559]
Attar of roses, [570]
Aucklandia, [438]
Auracaria Bidwillii, [377]
Australia, consumption of tea in, [87], [88]
sugar cultivation recommended, [139]
Austria production of beet-root sugar in, [197], [200]
Avicenna tomentosa, [444]
Avocado seed yields a dye stuff, [444]
Awl tree, [443]
Babool wood, [493]
Bahu, a land measure in Java, equal to 71 acres.
Bajree, the Indian name for Holcus Spicatus, [306]
Bales of Cuba tobacco, size of, [613]
Balfour (Prof.) on the starch in potatoes, [330]
on species of rhubarb, [647]
Ball's account of the cultivation, &c., of tea, [103]
Banana, starch in, [331]
used as a shade for the cacao, [15]
Baptista tinctoria, [453]
Barbacue, a platform for coffee drying, [69]
Baphia nitida, [447]
Barbados arrowroot, [337], [353]
culture of aloes in, [630]
cost of cultivating sugar, [189]
ginger, [415]
sugar crops of, [149]
yam, [334], [335], [337], [338], [362]
Barcelona, exports of cacao from, [13]
Bark of the larch, its utility, [376]
Barks for tanning, [492]
Barley, history and consumption of, [255]
imported, [218]
meal imported, [218]
produce of in England and Wales, [248], [256]
average prices of, [256]
Barrel of rice weighs 600 lbs. net, [291]
Barus camphor, [634]
Barwood, [445], [447]
Basket of rice, a measure equal to 55½ lbs., English,
Bassia butyracea, [136], [512]
longifolia, [511]
oil seeds of, [537]
Batatas edulis, [330], [331], [357]
Bauhinia variegata, [492]
Bayley (Mr.), on consumption of tea in the manufacturing districts
Bay rush or tapioca, [376]
Beans, analysis of, [264]
and peas, quantities imported, [313]
imported, [218]
Bearing time of different plants, [9]
Beck (Prof.) on various wheats, [222]
on the American breadstuffs, [226]
Beet root sugar produced on the Continent, [144]
cost of producing, [189], [204]
Beet, varieties of the root, [191]
Belgians, large consumers of coffee, [40]
Belgium, production of beet root sugar in, [200]
Benares, production of indigo in, [475]
Ben, oil of, [523]
Bencoolen, pepper grown in, [423]
spice culture in, [412]
Bengal, cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
indigo, [464]
introduction of the coffee tree into, [40]
production of indigo in, [475]
production of opium in, [580]
rice, [296]
Bennet on Ceylon, [316]
Bennett (Dr.), description of gambier, [500]
Berar, edible root of, [377]
Berberry, a dye stuff, [442]
Berbice, exports of coffee from, [73]
Bergamot, essence of, [566]
Berger's process of making rice starch, [344]
Bermuda arrowroot, statistics of, [353]
mode of cultivating arrowroot, [346]
Berry wax, [540]
Betel leaf, [577]
Bhoe Moong, the Indian name for the ground nut, [515]
Bhull rice lands, [293]
Biggah, distinction between this land measure, [471]
Bignonia Chica, [444]
Bihai, [320]
Bitter cassava, [331]
Bixa orellana, [447]
Black ginger, [415]
pepper, statistics of, [428]
tea, imports of the last fifteen years, [82]
mode of manufacturing, [112]
Blood tree, [625]
Bollman (Prof.), on the potato rot, [359]
Bolitus used as food, [377]
Bonynge (Mr. F.) promotes tea culture in America, [97]
Borassus gomutus, [315]
Borneo, pepper produced in, [422]
Bourbon, cacao grown in, [36]
produce of rice in, [293]
Bousa, an African beer, [308]
Boussingault's analysis of wheat, [244]
Boyams, food plant, [377]
Bran, analysis of, [231]
Brassica oleracea, oil from the seed, [539]
Brazilian arrowroot, [330], [367], [369]
Brazil, exports of coffee to America, [63]
cost of producing sugar in, [189]
culture of ginger, [418]
production of coffee in, [40], [41], [63]
introduction of the tea plant, [128]
statistics of sugar production, [182]
tobacco export from, [594]
wood, [485]
Bread fruit, [318], [330]
made from millet, [306]
nut of Jamaica, [319]
stuffs of commerce, [217]
Brick tea of Thibet, [92]
British Guiana, coffee produced in, [73]
West Indies, decline of coffee culture in, [40], [63], [67]
exports of coffee from, [73]
Brood-boon, [319]
Bromelia Pinguin, fruit of, used for soap, [574]
Broom corn, [307], [308]
sedge, [308]
Brosimum Alicastrum, edible nuts of, [319]
Broussonitia tinctoria, [485]
Brown bread, its wholesomeness, [230]
Bruce, (Mr. C.A.) on the manufacture of tea in Assam, [126]
Buchanania latifolia, [494], [521]
Buckwheat, average weight of crop in New Brunswick, [253]
oil from, [510]
culture of, [259]
analysis of, [260]
Buck yam, [333], [335], [362]
Bullhoof, yields a narcotic, [589]
Bunbury (Mr.) on Cape aloes, [632]
Butch wood, used to keep off ants, [181]
Butea frondosa, [507]
varieties of, [442]
tannin from, [494]
Butter of cacao, [11], [12]
obtained from the dolichos bean, [313]
Cabacinha, the Portuguese name for a purgative plant, [626]
Caballine aloes, [630]
Cacao beans or seeds, analysis of, [12]
age at which may be transplanted, [6]
expenses of a plantation, [33]
information respecting, [9]
plantation, enormous returns formerly obtained from, [34]
quantity consumed in the United Kingdom, [11]
total imports into the United Kingdom, [35]
total imports from America and the West Indies, [35]
trees, where indigenous, [33]
oppressive duties levied on, [34]
Cacomite, a species of Tigridia, [374]
Cacoon, oil from, [511]
Cadet's analysis of barks, [495]
Cæsalpinia, species of, [446]
Brasiliensis, [485]
Cæsalpinia Coriari, [493]
oleospermum, [511]
Caffeine, analysis of, [80]
Cajeput oil, [566]
Caladium costatium, [377]
esculentum, [331]
sagittifolium, [334]
Calambak wood, [439]
Calandra oryza, [279]
Calcutta, exports of castor oil, [545]
Calidad, the best kind of Cuba tobacco, [613]
California, tea proposed to be cultivated in, [97]
Callistemon ellipticum, [505]
Calophyllum Inophyllum, [513]
Calumba plant, [638]
Calumbin, [638]
Calystegia sepium, [642]
Camassia esculenta, [376]
Camata, a variety of valonia, [508]
Camelina sativa, [509], [511], [564]
Camotes, a Spanish name for the sweet potato, [375]
Camæladia ilicifolia, [628]
Campbell (Dr. A.), on the tea culture at Darjeeling, [116]
Camphor, on the collection of, [633]
obtained from the roots of the cinnamon, [389]
Cannabis indica, [643]
Camwood, [447]
Canada, production of maple sugar in, [206]
West, grain exports of, [251]
Canadian yellow root, [626]
Canary Isles, millet exported from, [306]
moss, [486]
seed, [311]
Candleberry myrtle, [540]
Candlewood, [539]
Candles made of cinnamon suet, [390]
Candle tree, [521], [538]
Cane sugar, composition of, [136], [155], [157]
Canella alba, [396]
Canna, species of, [355]
Canothus Americanus, used as tea, [80]
Caoutchouc, [539]
Capa, a term in Cuba for good tobacco, [614]
Cape aloes, manufacture of, [631]
weed, [486]
Capsicum, [428]
Carapa, species yielding oil, [518]
oil, [441], [519]
guianensis, [512]
Caracas, large produce of cacao in, [13]
Caraveru, a red pigment, [444]
Carraway seed oil, [437], [566]
Cardomoms, bastard, [419]
plants furnishing, [419]
Carduus Virginianus, [376]
Carob bean, [312], [313]
Carolina rice, shipments of, [285]
Carrageen, [379]
Carrots, average weight per bushel in New Brunswick, [253]
Carthamus tinctoria, [450]
oil from, [512]
Caruto, a name for the Lana dye, [444]
Carver's treatise on tobacco culture, [607]
Carum carui, [566]
Caryophyllus aromaticus, [397]
Caryota urens, [314]
Cascarilla bark, [396]
Cashew bark, [495]
nut oil, [512]
Cassareep, an antiseptic, [339], [343], [369]
Cassava cakes, [342]
culture of, [367]
fecula of, [330]
flour exports from St. Lucia, [369]
meal, [341]
roots, information respecting, [9]
starch, yield per acre, [370]
Cassia, a rival to cinnamon, [391]
auriculata, [494]
bark of China, superiority of, [393], [394]
buds, [396]
lignea, [394], [396]
statistics of imports and consumption of, [394]
Castor oil, [510], [511], [527], [536],

[542], [563]
Catechu or Cutch, [579]
tannin in, [495]
Cattle, consumption of Indian corn by, [271]
Catty, a Chinese weight, [400]
Cayenne, nutmeg introduced, [412]
pepper grown in, [427]
pepper, [429]
pottage, [429]
Celastrus paniculatus, [521]
Celebes, coffee grown in, [62]
production of coffee in, [41]
rice culture in, [302]
tobacco, [621]
Centrifugal machine for sugar, [140]
Cephælis Ipecacuanhæ, [641]
Ceratonia siliqua, [312], [313]
Cereal grasses, [216]
Ceroxyion andicola, [541]
Cersium virginianum, [376]
Cetraria islandica, [343], [379]
Ceylon arrowroot, [353]
cardamoms, [419], [421]
coco-nut culture in, [556]
culture of rice in, [295]
Ceylon, exports of castor oil from, [545]
adapted for indigo culture, [475]
gamboge, [639]
the great seat of cinnamon culture, [383]
pepper exported from, [426]
imports of Terra Japonica, [502]
moss, [379]
produce of tobacco in, [619]
production of coffee in, [41]
tea plant introduced, [95]
Value of the betel nuts exported, [579]
Chay-root, [449], [478]
Chamarops Palmetto, [495]
Chandu, the prepared extract of the opium, [585]
Chenopodium quinon, [310]
Cherrots, Manilla, [619]
Chesnuts, consumed in France, [361]
Chest of opium, about 140 lbs., [58]
Chick pea, [312]
the inspissated juice of the poppy, [582]
Chicory, extensive consumption of, [37]
Chillies, growth of, [428]
Chimo, powdered potatoes, [361]
China, population of, [86]
shipments of tea from, [84]
Chinese arrowroot, [352]
Chironia sapinda, [521]
Chloranthus, flowers used to flavor tea, [85]
Chocolate nuts, [11]
imported, [35]
paste, as prepared by the Marienna, [18]
Christison (Prof.), analysis of gamboge, [640]
Chiretta, [641]
Chrysoptranic acid, [488]
Cibotium Billardieri, [380]
Cigars, consumption of, [596]
duty received on, [597]
large consumption of in New York, [599]
profit on manufacture of, [612]
number exported from Cuba, [614]
exported from Siam, [619]
Cinchona bark, [635]
Cinnamon, [382]
export duty on, [391]
oil, [565]
properties of good, [387]
statistics of export from Ceylon, [390], [391]
suet, [522]
varieties of the tree, [386]
Citronella oil, [565], [573]
Clagett and Co.'s (Messrs.) tobacco circulars, [601]
Clarifying cane juice, [155]
Clark, (Mr.) on a new variety of tobacco, [613]
Classification and arrangement adopted in the work, [5]
Claytonia acutiflora, [371]
Clerihew's coffee apparatus, [52]
Climate suited for various plants, [9]
Clove bark, [383]
Cloves, [397]
oil, [390], [398]
statistics of, [411]
varieties of the tree, [398]
where grown, [402]
Cobres a first quality of indigo, [456]
Coca plant, [576]
Cocculus indicus, [576]
palmatus, [638]
Cochin China, coco nut oil exported from, [556]
culture of rice, [298]
exports of cinnamon, [393]
tea considered inferior, [94]
Cochineal, value of the dye stuff, [440]
Cocoa, see Cacao, [9]
fat, [519]
nut butter, [560]
information respecting, [9]
oil, [527]
palm, [547]
Cocos nucifera, [547]
fusiformis, [519]
or eddoes, [364]
Cocum oil, [521]
Coffee, adulteration of, and substitutes for, [37]
consumption of, [39], [596]
cultivation in Ceylon, [46]
in Africa, [77]
in India, [44]
information respecting, [9]
manures suited for, [50]
tree, description of, [43]
production in various countries, [41]
produce per tree and per acre, [69], [481]
leaf, suited for making a beverage by infusion, [78]
Dr. Hooker's opinion thereon, [79]
plantation, beauty of, [67]
prices of, in London, [47]
signs of its being properly cured, [71]
trade, progress of, [36]
Coimbatore, culture of tobacco in, [618].
Coir, Coco nut, [551], [552], [555], [556].
Colman (Mr.), on grain production, [219]
on sugar, [204]
Colocasia, varieties of cultivated, [364]
Colocynth, [638]
oil, [511]
Colombo root, [638]
shipments of coffee from, [48]
Coloring principles of the lichens, [487]
teas in China, [104]
Colza oil, [510], [513], [539]
Conium Arracacha, [375]
Connecticut, culture of tobacco in, [606]
Consumption of rhubarb, [645]
Convolvulus Jalapa, [641]
Scammonia, [642]
Conquin tay, plantain meal, [324]
Constantinople opium, [585]
Consumption of arrowroot, [354]
of arnotto, [449]
cacoa in the United Kingdom, [36]
cassia bark, [394]
castor oil, [544]
coco nut oil, [562]
coffee, [36], [64], [596]
coffee in various countries, [41]
cinnamon, [391]
cloves, [401]
ginger, [418]
indigo, [477]
mace, [414]
nutmegs, [414]
opium, [580]
palm oil, [527]
pepper, [428]
pimento, [431]
sago in the United Kingdom, [318]
sugar in India, [140]
Great Britain, [139]
tea, statistics of, [82], [596]
tobacco, [596], [595]
Convolvulus batatas, [333], [334], [356]
Coolies employed in Mauritius, [150]
Copey, a Cuba dye wood, [485]
Copperah, [536], [549], [556], [560], [661]
Corakan flour, [304]
Coriander seed, [437]
Coriaria myrtifolia, [493]
Cork tree bark, [504]
Corn, the common name for maize in America, [270]
Cortes, a description of indigo, [456]
Corypha umbraculifera, [316]
Costus Arabicus, [438]
indicus, &c., [638]
Costa Rica, production of coffee in, [41], [64]
Cotton, information respecting, [9]
seed oil, [564]
cake, [564]
Courida bark, [495]
Cow-itch, [625]
Crane potato, [372]
Crawfurd (Mr. J.), estimate of pepper produce, [422]
Croix lachryma, [304]
Crop hogshead of tobacco, weight of, [605]
Croton Cascarilla, [396]
Eleuteria, [397]
gossypifolia, [625]
oil, [522]
Tiglium, [522]
Cuba, coffee plantations in, [77]
culture of tobacco in, [613]
exports of coffee to America, [63]
cost of producing sugar in, [147], [189]
exports of coffee from, [73]
progress of sugar cultivation in, [148]
production of coffee in, [41]
rice grown in, [292]
statistics of coffee exported, [76]
tobacco plantations in, [614]
Cubebs, medicinal, [639]
Cucumber seed oil, [512]
Cucumis Colocynthus, [638]
Cudbear, imports of, [486], [452]
Culilaban bark, [383]
Curcuma longa, [419]
species of, [434]
varieties of, yielding E.I. arrowroot, [351]
Curry stuff, imports into Ceylon, [434]
Cush, an Indian name for millet, [306]
Cutch, the Indian name for catechu, or gambier, [600]
exported from Pinang, [503]
imports of, [502]
Cuyupa, an Indian tuber, [374]
Cycas circinalis, [314]
Cynamchum leaves, [649]
Cynosurus corocanus, [306]
Cytisus Cajan, [304]
Dacrydium cupressinum, [505]
Dadap, a prop for the pepper, [425], [42]
a name given in Java to the Erythrina, [55], [58]
Datisca cannabina, [442]
Davis' (Dr.), analysis of maize, [265]
Day's analysis of barks, [495]
Demerara, exports of coffee from, [73]
rice grown in, [292]
Dholl, the Indian name for varieties of Cajanus, [312]
Dhak tree, bark of, [507]
Dhurra, the Egyptian name for millet, [306]
Dicypellium caryophyllatum, [384]
Didynamia gymosperma, [520]
Dietetic articles used for the preparation of popular beverages, [11]
Dillock, a preparation with cayenne, [429]
Dioscorea aculeata, [334], [362]
Diospyros glutinosa, [494]
Dipterix odorata, [434]
Dipterocarpus, oil from, [511]
Divi-divi, [503]
Division of seasons in the tropics, [6]
Dodder cake, [564]
Dogwood, bark of, [627]
Dolichos biflorus, varieties of, [312]
bulbosus, roots used as food, [377]
oil, [521]
Domba oil, [513]
Dominica, exports of coffee from, [73]
introduction of the clove tree, [399]
Dracæna terminalis, [355]
Drimys bark, [636]
Dryobalanops, species furnishing camphor, [634]
Dubranfaut's process of sugar making, [197], [201]
Dunsterville (Mr.), on Cape aloes, [631]
Duquesne (M.), process of making sugar from beet, [202]
Duration of various plants, [9]
Dutch pound, lighter than the English avoirdupoise pound; 100 Dutch pounds equal to 101 and 1/5th lbs.
Dutch West Indies, production of coffee in, [41]
Duty, large, levied on tobacco, [598]
Dye stuffs, various, [440]
from British plants, [452]
furnished by the cacao bean, [12]
Dye woods, [445], [447]
Eagle wood, [439]
Earth mouse, [374]
Earth-nut oil, [513]
East India ginger, [416], [418]
sugar, [139]
cultivation in, [152]
East Indies, imports of indigo from, [477]
rhubarb, [645]
Eddoes or cocos, [364]
Edward's preserved potatoes, [361]
Egyptian corn, [307]
opium, [585]
Elais, species furnishing palm oil, [524]
Elate sylvestris fruit, a masticatory, [579]
Elettaria Cardomomum, [421]
Eleusine corocana, [304]
Encephalartos cafer, [319]
English opium, [586]
Eno bark, a black dye, [444]
Epidendrum, species of, [431]
Ervum lens, [312]
Erythric acid, [489]
Erythrina, a shade tree for the cacao, [15]
Erysimum perfoliatum, oil from, [512]
Essences, [565]
Essential oils, [565]
Ethiopian pepper, [421]
Eucalyptus, bark of, for tanning, [494]
resinifera, [506]
Eugenia caryophyllata, [397]
Pimento, [430]
Eulophia virens, [354]
Eupatorium glutinosum, [643]
Euphorbia Lathyris, [510]
Euterpe montana, [549]
Evans' (Dr.) Sugar Planter's Manual, [140]
Evernia vulpina, [488]
Evodia triphylla, used as a perfume, [550]
Factory maund, about 70 pounds, [471]
Fagara piperita, [421]
Fanega, a Spanish measure, the fifth part of an English quarter, equal to 12 quarrees, or 62 and 2/5ths acres, [13], [327]
Fanegada, a Spanish land measure, [9]
Farinaceous plants, [216]
Fennel flower, [421]
Ferula asafœtida, [633]
Fern roots as food, [377], [380]
Fevillea scandens, [511]
Finlayson's description of gambier manufacture, [500]
Fish oils consumed, [509]
poison, [627]
Fitzmaurice on the sugar cane, [180]
Fixed oils, [510]
Flax seed oil, [509], [501]
Flores, a commercial classification of indigo, [456]
Florida, tobacco culture in, [609]
Flour, damaged, shipped from America, [227]
and meal, our imports of, [218]
obtained from spurry seed, [377]
Flowering of the sugar cane, [182]
Food plants of commerce, [217]
nutritious properties of various kinds, [232]
Foo-foo, the dough of the plantain, [324]
Fortune (Mr. R.) on the tea districts, [89]
engaged by the East India Company, [100]
report on the Indian tea plantations, [106], [117]
Fortune's (Mr. R.) wanderings in China, [103]
Fownes (Mr.) on clarifying cane juice, [164]
France, production of beet sugar in, [194], [200]
rice cultivated in, [292]
Frazla, the Arabian name for a bale of variable weight, in Mocha about 16 lbs. avoirdupoise,
Free trade policy, effects of, [2]
French berries for dyeing, [443]
Slave Colonies, cost of producing sugar in, [189]
West Indies, production of coffee in, [41]
Fucus amylaceus, [380]
tenax, furnishes glue, [378]
as food for cattle, [379]
Fundi or Fundungi, an African grain, [310]
Fustic, [445], [447], [485]
Gallipoli oil, [531]
Gallo tannic acid, [492]
Galidupa arborea, [521]
Garancine, quantity and value of, [483], [484]
Gambier plant, [496]
Gamboge, [451]
plants furnishing, [639]
Garcinea elliptica, [451]
Garbelled, a term for sorted or picked
Gabilla, a finger or hank of tobacco, [613]
Galangale root, [351], [418]
Garcinea Gambogia, [640]
Garnett (Mr. A.) on the culture of the plantain, [320]
Galam butter, [538]
Gastrodia sesamoides, [375]
Gesner (Dr.), plants recommended by, for cultivation,

[371]
Genipa Americana, [444]
Genista tinctorea, [453]
tomentosa, [486]
Gentian, plants furnishing it, [640]
Ghee, [538]
Ginger, culture of, [414]
Gin, made from rye in Holland, [258]
Gigartina Iichenoides, [379]
Gingelie seed oil, [511], [533]
oil, used to adulterate almond oil, [534]
Ginseng, [436]
Glen (Mr. J.), his experiments on Cassava starch, [370]
Gloves made from bark, [376]
Gluten contained in various grain crops, [264]
definition of, [234]
Gluten, composition of, [221]
Glycirrhiza, [643]
Glyrine Apios, [371]
subterranea, [371]
Glycerine, [643]
Glycirrhiza glabra, [642]
Gnizotia oleifera, [535]
Gohyan, an Indian name for upland rice, [282]
Gold of pleasure oil, [509]
cake of, [564]
Gomuti palm sugar, [136], [315]
Gomatus saccharifer, [314]
Goor, the Indian name for half-made sugar, [308]
Gorham's (Prof.) analysis of maize, [264]
Gourds used for packing aloes, [630]
Gracelaria lichenoides, [379]
Graham (Dr.), on gamboge, [639]
Gram, the Indian name for the Ervum lens, and Cicer arietinum, [312]
Grain crops, [217]
produce per acre in England, [219]
of Paradise, [419], [420]
average prices of in New Brunswick, [254]
Grape sugar, properties of, [136]
sugar, analysis of, [155]
Grater for rasping arrowroot, [338]
Grenada, cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
Great Exhibition, results of, [2]
Green tea, mode of manufacturing, [113]
tea, imports of the last 15 years, [82]
Griffith (Dr.) on tea plants in Assam, [111]
Groundnut oil, [511]
Guano, not much required in tropical countries, [7]
Guayaquil, large exports of cocoa from, [13]
Guazuma ulmifolia, [164]
Guillemen's (M.) report on the tea plantations of Brazil, [128]
Guiana, cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
Guinea pepper, [429]
grains, [420]
yam, [331], [334], [335], [337], [362]
corn, [306]
Gums used by the dyers, [453]
Gum tree of Australia, [494]
Gun stock tree, [164]
Gunnera scabra, [495]
Gunny bags, rough canvas bags, [392]
Guntang, an Indian dry measure of rather more than 15 pounds, [297]
Guaco, or snake plant, [627]
as a fertilizer, [278]
Gynerium saccharoides, [136]
Gyrophora murina, [486]
Hamatoxylon campechianum, [484]
Hamilton (Dr.), on oil of ben, [523]
notices by, [617]
Havana tobacco, classification of, [613]
exports of tobacco from, [614]
shipments of sugar from, [147]
Hayti, exports of tobacco, [615]
exports of ginger, [418]
coffee from, [67]
indigo from, [460]
Hazel nut, oil from, [510]
Hebradendron Cambogoides, [451], [639]
Heather, dye from, [453]
Hectare, a French land measure, equal to about 2½ acres, [204]
Hectolitre, a French measure 192¼ bushel's
Helot's lichen test, [452]
Herreria sarsaparilla, [646]
Heliconia humilis, [320]
Hemlock tree, bark of, [494]
Hemp seed oil, [509]
Henna, a dye stuff, [486]
Hepatic aloes, [630]
Herring's palm kernel oil, [525]
Hernandez (Mr.) on Cuba tobacco, [608]
Heuchera Americana, [494]
Hibiscus rosa sinensis, [494]
Hingalee, the best Bengal tobacco, [617]
Hino bark, [606]
Hogs, large consumption of maize by, [271]
Holcomb (Mr.) on the wheat crop of America, [245]
Holcus avenaceus, [307]
spicatus, [366]
saccharatum, [306]
Holland, tea sent to, [86]
Honduras, export of indigo from, [460]
Hooker (Dr.) on brick tea, [92]
Hops, cascarilla bark used to adulterate, [397]
Horse gram, [312]
Hungary, production of beet sugar in, [197]
Hura crepitans, [512], [626]
Husking rice, [290]
Hydraulic press for coco nut oil, [557]
press, [329]
Hydrastica canadensis, [625]
Hymenœa Courbaril, [313]
Hyperanthera Moringa, [523]
Hypericum, species of, furnishes gamboge, [454], [640]
Iceland moss, [343], [379]
Illepe oil, [537], [511]
Ilex Paraguayensis, indigenous to Brazil, [130]
description of, [133]
Illicum anisatum, [438]
Impey (Dr.) on Malwa opium, [587]
on Indian drugs, [626]
Implements of colonial agriculture few and simple, [6]
requisite for manufacturing tea, [115]
Imports of arrowroot, [351], [354]
arnotto, [449]
cacao, from America and the West Indies, [35]
cloves, [401]
cinchona bark, [636]
tea into Great Britain, [82]
tobacco, [597]
coco-nut oil, [562]
palm oil, [525], [527]
pimento, [431]
opium, [580]
nutmegs, [414]
pepper, [428]
castor oil, [544]
sago, [318]
indigo, [477]
coffee, [37]
Import commerce, our principal, articles furnished by the Vegetable Kingdom, [4]
Incense wood, [439]
Indigo, details of, [453]
plants yielding, [442]
information respecting, [10]
mode of manufacturing, [457]
production of in India, [474]
in Natal, [463]
Indigofera, species of, [453]
India, tea culture in, [98]
culture of indigo in, [463]
Indiana, tobacco culture in, [607]
Indian aloes, [630]
berries, [576]
corn, imports of, [263]
information respecting, [9]
analysis of, [264]
sources of supply, [262], [263]
starch, [343]
meal imported, [218]
yield per acre, [356]
compared with Guinea corn, [307]
meal, composition of, [307]
opium, [586]
root, [625]
shot, [345]
Indian corn, weight of, [280]
madder, [484]
Intoxicating liquors made from Cassava, [369]
Iodine, [378]
Ipecacuan, bastard, [653], [641]
Ipomœa batatas, [365]
brachypodo, [522]
Jalapa, [641]
Ireland, tobacco consumed in, [596]
cost of producing beet root sugar in, [193]
Irish rock moss, [379]
Iron, quantity of, in tobacco, [617]
bark tree, [506]
Irrigation for the tea plant never practised in China, [122]
Isatis Indigotica,[104]
tinctoria, [452]
Jaggery sugar, [555]
Japanese camphor, [633]
tobacco, [620]
Japan, tea culture, [94]
Jatropha curcas, oil from, [512]
Jacobson's (Mr.) work on tea culture in Java, [102]
Jalap, [641]
Jamaica, cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
culture of coffee in, [67]
culture of Guinea corn, [306]
decline of sugar production, [148], [149]
exports of coffee from, [73]
ginger, [415], [417]
sarsa, [646], [47]
Jameson (Dr.) on the culture of tea in India, [106]
Java, cinnamon cultivated in, [383], [392]
clove does not succeed there, [399]
coffee exported to the United States, [63]
coco-nut oil exported from, [556]
cost of producing sugar in, [189]
culture of coffee in, [53]
culture of rice in, [299]
cultivation of indigo in, [476]
gambier grown in, [502]
nutmegs exported from, [413]
pepper grown in, [422]-[23]
production of coffee in, [41]
statistics of, [300]
statistics of indigo exported, [476]
statistics of tea culture in, [102]
sugar culture in, [152]
tea plantations, [94]
tobacco, [621]
Jack fruit tree, [319]
Janipha, starch in, [331]
Manihot, [315]
Jasmine oil, [570], [574]
Jatropha gossypyfolia, [625]
cureas, oil from, [523]
Jellies, clearness of, [337]
Jesuit's bark, [635]
Joar, the Indian name of the Sorghum vulgare or millet, [304], [306]
Job's tears, [304]
Johnson (Dr.) on manufacture of rose water, [570]
(Mr.) on indigo culture, [466]
(Prof.) analyses of grain crops, [264]
(Prof.) on grain crops of New Brunswick, [253]
Jones's process for making rice starch, [344]
Jumowah, irrigated sowings, [468]
Juniperus, oil of, [565]
Kafir bread, [319]
Kamas root, an edible, [376]
Kanari kernels made into cakes, [547]
oil, [546]
Katjang oil, produce of the ground nut, [515], [299]
Kawan, the Java tallow tree, [511]
Kashmir, culture of rice in, [295]
Kemmayes, an Arabian truffle, [381]
Kew Gardens, tea plant grows in, [101]
Kekune oil, [539]
Kentucky tobacco, statistics of, [598], [600]
Keora oil, [565]
Khoonte, the Indian name for a second cutting, [471]
Kiln-drying madder, [481]
of bread stuffs, [221], [229]
Kilogramme, a French weight, equal to 21bs. 3oz. avoird., [194]
Kino, Australian, [506]
East India, [507]
Knowltonia vessicatoria, [626]
Koster's Travels in Brazil, [186]
Kous-kous, [311]
Kooyah plant, [376]
Kukui oil, [539]
Kumaon, tea plantations in, [117]
Laudanum, [584]
Lawsonia inermis, [486]
Laminaria saccharina, [379]
Lathyrus tuberosus, [374]
Larch bark edible, [376]
Laurus camphora, [633], [35]
La Guayra, cacao from, [13]
production of coffee in, [41]
exports of coffee from, [62]
Lana dye, [444]
Lecythis Tabucajo, [512]
Lemon grass oil, [572]
Legumes, varieties of, [312]
Lecanora, species of, [432]
Lentils, [312]
Leaf tobacco shipped from the Havana, [614]
Liberia, suitability for coffee culture, [77]
Lichen tribe as food, [378]
Lichens, [486]
Lichenin, [343]
Licospermun racemosum, [605]
Lindley (Dr.) on the cinchonas, [635]
Litmus, [452]
Lignum aloes, [439]
Litre, a French measure, equal to 1¾ English pint nearly, [202]
Lime, its influence on cane juice, [161]
Lindley (Prof.) on the wheat of South Australia, [221]
Lindley's classification of the plantain tribe, [322]
Liptospermum, oil of, [565]
Lilium Pomponium, [356]
Lindley (Dr.) on the lichens, [486]
Linseed, [535]
oil, [509], [537]
imported, [563]
cake imported, [564]
Little (Mr.) on opium, [587]
Libra, a Spanish kind of tobacco, [613]
Liquorice, [642]
paste, [643]
Logwood, [445], [447], [484]
Lotus seeds, used as food, [356]
Locust tree, [313]
pods, [503]
Louisiana, cost of producing sugar in, [189]
production of sugar in, [146]
Loxa bark, [636]
Luffas, properties of, [626]
Luggie, a measuring rod, [471]
Lucca oil, [531]
Macfarlane (Mr. A.) on the tea plant,[117]
Madder, culture of, [478]
Indian, [484]
statistics of imports, [484]
Madia sativa oil, [520]
sativa, [444]
Mahowa oil, [537]
Maclura tinctoria, [485]
Mauritius weed, [486]
Mangrove bark, for tanning, [493]
Mac Micking (Mr.) on making cigars, [620]
Margose oil, [537]
Macaw tree, [519]
Maxwell (Dr.) on Neem oil, [537]
Marc of olives, [531]
Mango, kernel of, for bread, [378]
Marmala water, [574]
Malabar cardamoms, [419]
Manila, exports of indigo from, [476]
exports of sugar from, [153]
cigar making, [620]
hemp, whence obtained, [321]
Mattrasses, stuffed with blades of Indian corn, [281]
Macculloch's (Mr.) estimate of indigo, [478]
Maize, number of varieties cultivated, [278]
analysis of, [264]
imported, [218]
meal, imported, [218]
on the culture of, [260]
sugar, [215]
information respecting, [9]
Dr. Phillip's analysis of, [307]
starch of, [334], [335], [337], [343]
system of culture in America, [273]
culture in the East Indies, [282]
immense produce per acre, [281]
varieties grown in, Peru, [281]
statistics of production in America, [269]
statistics of exports from the United States, [272]
Malphigia bark, for tanning, [495]
Maslin, quantity grown in France, [250]
Mace, imports of, [414]
false color of, [409]
proportion of, to nutmegs, [408]
Malt, quantity made, [255]
Mahoe, furnishes a dye stuff, [444]
Mauritius, exports of pepper, [426]
nutmeg introduced in, [412]
pepper grown in, [422]
cost of sugar cultivation in, [187], [189]
tea culture in, [94]
progress of sugar culture in, [150]
clove culture of, [398], [401]
black beans, [304]
Mangrove bark, [450], [506]
Madagascar cardamoms, [419]
Mangostana Gambogia, [451], [640]
Maple sugar, [205]
Manettia glabra, [641]
Madeira, introduction of the tea plant, [94]
Madras, tea culture suitable for, [101]

exports of indigo from, [464]
cost of producing sugar in, [189]
Marah (Mr.) prize essay on coffee culture, [69]
Malambo bark, [636]
Machinery for sugar, [140]
for coffee, [51]
for arrowrot, [350], [348]
required for the plantain, [324]
required for sago, [318]
Magdalena river, cacao indigenous on its shores, [14]
Magnolia fuseata, used to flavor tea, [85]
Majoon, an opium confection, [585]
Malabar, production of coffee in, [41]
cassia, [394]
ginger, [415]
pepper produced in, [422]
Malwa opium, [580]
Manure, a special for tobacco, [592]
Manures, suited to the coffee tree, [50]
for the nutmeg, [406]
suited for arrowroot, [347]
scarcely required in tropical countries, [6]
suited for the sugar cane, [172]
suited to maize [278]
Manioc, see Cassava
Manihot, species of, [367]
utilissima, [315]
Mansana, a land measure of 100 square yards, or nearly two British statute acres, [455]
Manyroot, [625]
Maranta arundinacea, juice of an antidote to poisons, [627]
Marattia alata, [380]
Maryland tobacco, statistics of, [598], [600]
Mate, a name for the Paraguay tea, [133]
Matico, [643]
Matias bark, [636]
Maund of Surat, 39¼ lbs.
an Indian weight of varable quantity
Melaleuca minor, [566]
Metrosideros tomentosa, [505]
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, [494]
Menispermum coceulus, [576]
palmatum, [638]
Megass, a name given to the dried cane stems, or trash used for fuel, [168]
Meleguetta pepper, [420]
Melsen's process of sugar boiling, [203]
Mespilus Bengalensis, [443]
Mendo, a wild sweet potato of North America, [372]
Menomine, an Indian edible root, [372]
Mexican thistle, [626]
Mexico, imports of indigo from, [477]
Metroxylon sagus, [314]
Millet, varieties of, cultivated, [304]
the great Indian, [306]
Miller on tobacco culture, [608]
Mill, rude one, used in Siam for hulling paddy, [302]
for crushing plantain stems, [327]
Mills for cleaning rice, [286], [288]
Minot, a Canadian grain measure about one-eighth less than a bushel, [251]
Milloco, a tuberous plant, [374]
Mint, culture of, [567]
Mimosa bark, [504]
Mico or mijo, a vegetable butter made in Java, [313], [512]
Monkey bread, [378]
pot seed oil, [512]
Morinda, species of, [443], [449]
Morewood (Mr. E.), his exertions in Natal, [140]
experiments in sugar culture, [187]
Mocha, production of coffee in, [41]
cultivation of coffee in,' [43]
Mother cloves, definition of, [397]
Moussache, the fecula of the manioc, [315]
Mountain rice, [285], [290], [296]
Morphia, proportion in opium, [584], [585]
Mora excelsa, [495]
Morinda citrifolia, [478]
Moringa oil, [523]
species of, [523]
Musa, species of, [319]
Musquash root of the Micmacs, [371]
Mustard seed, [437]
Muscovado sugar, cost of producing, [189]
Mucuna pruriens, [625]
utilis, [304]
Muchowa oil, [511]
Musa textilis, [321]
Mustard oil, [510], [511]
seed, [509], [535]
Munjeet, [449]
Munjestha, [484]
Muracuja ocellata, a narcotic, [489]
Myrica cerifera, [494], [540]
macrocarpa, [542]
Myrtus carophyllata, [284]
Pimenta, [430]
Myristica, varieties of the tree, [401]
sebifera, [512]
Myrobolans, [506]
Myrtle wax, [540]
Mysore, production of coffee in, [41]
Napoota oil, [620]
Nauclea Gambir, [496]
Namur oil, [572]
Natal Agricultural Society, its endeavours to promote sugar cultivation, [139]
indigo culture in, [463]
sugar culture in, [186]
Narthex asafœtida, [633]
Nelumbium, seed of, as food, [378]
speciosum, the source of Chinese arrowroot, [352]
New South Wales, suited for madder, [482]
tobacco culture in, [621]
Negrohead tobacco, [601]
New Orleans, capabilities for rice culture, [287]
exports of castor oil from, [545]
Nerium, [453]
oleander, [495]
Neem tree oil, [511], [537]
Nicaragua wood, [445], [447]
Nipa fruticana, [136]
Nipah, leaf for thatching, [559]
Nicotine, [590]
Nicotium, species of the plant, [590]
Nitrogen, in grain, [307]
in the starch plants, [342], [234], [310]
in the plantain, [323]
Nigella, species of, [421]
North West Provinces, tea culture in, [117]
Nostoe edulis, [378]
Northern Australia, directions for growing tobacco, [623]
Nut oil, price of, [517]
Nutgall, tannin in, [492], [495]
Nut pine, [377]
Nutmeg tree, [401]
curing of, [409]
wild, [412]
Nux vomica, [577]
Nyctanthes arbortristes, [494]
Nymphæa lotus, starch obtained from, [352]
Oats, proportion of oil in, [564]
production of in the United Kingdom, [257]
imported, [218]
Oatmeal, imported [218]
Oats and beans, produce of in England, [248]
Oak bark, tannin in, [492]
Ocas, a tuberous plant, [374]
Ocoes or taniers, [331]
Ocymum tuberosum, [356], [367]
Ohio tobacco, statistics of, [598], [600]
Oil of aniseed, [438]
Oil, proportions of in various crops, [264]
obtained from the Cacao seeds [11], [12]
Oil of cubebs, [639]
of camphor, [634]
of cassia, [396]
Oil of cloves, [398]
of mace, [402]
of cinnamon, [389], [390]
spikenard, [565]
of Ben, [523]
cake, [513], [531]
mills of India, [535]
cakes of the castor seed, [545]
cake from coco-nut, [552], [563]
coco-nut, [551], [556], [561], [562]
from maize, [564]
of sandal wood, [565]
cake imported, [564]
cake, American, [565]
Oilcake as a manure, [50]
used in China, [313]
Oil palm, [525]
Oils, burning properties of various, [508]
Oldenlandia umbellata, [449]
Oleaginous plants, [509]
Olea fragrans, [528]
Europea, [527]
Olives, mode of preserving the fruit, [530]
Olive oil, prices of, [531], [509], [527]
sources of supply, [563]
Omen-e-chah, the Indian name for a wild bean, [372]
Onions, planted with arrow root, [347]
Ophelia chitrata, [641]
Opium, history and trade of, [580]
Orceine, [488]
Orchilla weed, [452]
weed, imports of, [486]
Orchids furnishing salep, [354]
an edible species of, [375]
roots of some used as food, [377]
Orituco cacao, superior quality of, [14]
Oryza, varieties of, [284]
Orlong, a land measure in the East, equal to 1⅓ acre, [297]
O'Shaughnessy's analysis of Ceylon moss, [380]
on opium, [584]
Oswego starch factory, [343]
Otto of khuskhus, [573]
Otaheite cane, [153]
Oude, production of indigo in, [464], [475]
Oxalic acid, used for vinegar, [312]
Oxley (Dr.) on nutmeg culture, [402]
Paddy, a name for rice in the husk, [297]
Patchouly, [537]
Pannam kilingoes, [376]
Parchment coffee, [60]
Pao Crava, one of the spice barks, [384]
Pachyrrhizus angulatus, [377]
Palm oil, imports of, [527]
sources of supply, [563]
Palm oil, [509], [524]
wine, [314]
sugar, [136]
Palma Christi, [542]
Palmetto palm, [495]
Palmyra nut, first shoot of, edible, [376]
Pan, a masticatory, [577]
Pancratium, species of, [625]
Pandanus, fruit of eaten as food, [377]
odoratissimus, [565]
Panicum, various species of, [304]
spicatum, of Roxburgh, [308]
Panax quinquefolium, [436]
Palos de Velas, [521]
Paper made from plantain fibre, [325]
Papsalum exile, [310]
Papaver somniferum, [580]
Paraguay tea plant common in Brazil. [130]
description of, [133]
extent of the trade, [133]
Parietinic acid, [488]
Parmenteira cerifera, [521]
Parmelia, species of lichens, [486]
a dye-stuff, [488]
Peas, analysis of, [264]
Peeling coffee, [51], [60]
cinnamon, [316]
Peligot (Mr.) on the composition of wheat, [230]
Pepper, black, [421]
pot, a West Indian dish, [369]
prices of, [413]
duty on, [424]
Peppermint oil, [566]
Peon, the Spanish term for a laborer, [135]
Persea gratissima, [444]
Perfumed oils, [569]
Persian berries, [443]
Peas imported, [218]
Pessaloo, an Indian name for the Phaseolus mungo
Pereira's classification of the cinchonas, [636]
Peruvian bark, [635]
Pearl sago, [318]
of Persia, [316]
Piper angustifolium, [643]
Petty rice, [310]
Pekea, species of, yielding oil, [512]
Pea-nut, [516]
Persian tobacco, [615]
Phaseolus, varieties of, [312]
Phaseolus Mungo max, [171]
Phalaris caniesis, [314]
Phlomis, [643]
Philippines, cassia brought from, [394]
Philippine Islands, sugar cultivation in, [153]
production of coffee in, [41]
varieties of rice grown in, [302]
Philippines, export of indigo from, [476]
cigars made in, [620]
Phillip's (Dr.) analyses of Guinea corn, [307]
Phyllodadus trichomanoides, [505]
Physic nut, [512], [625]
Picul, a Dutch weight of 133⅓ English pounds, [36]
Piddington's (Mr.) analyses of tobacco, [617]
Pigeon-pea, [304]
Pignons, use of as food, [377]
Pimpinella Anisitm, [437]
Pimento, [430]
Pinang, nutmegs in, [412]
tea culture attempted, [95]
clove culture in, [399], [400]
pepper culture in, [425]
Piper Betel, [577]
Cubebi, [639]
species of, [421]
Pinus Pinea, seeds of the cones used for food, [377]
Piney tallow, [512]
Plantation sugar, imports, [139]
Plantado passado, [323]
Plantain, dye stuffs obtained from, [444]
juice recommended for clarifying sugar, [162]
information respecting, [9]
starch in, [331]
blight, [321], [319]
leaves, bags made of, [316]
meal, [324], [341]
Planche, his memoir on the sagos, [315]
Plumeria, essences of, [524]
Plectranthus graveolens, [573]
Plough used in Brazil, [184]
Polygonum fagopyrum, [260]
Poa Abyssinica, [308]
Pomegranates, for dyeing, [440]
Potash an important element in maize, [267]
large quantity in maize, [264]
Potatoes, mode of keeping in Peru, [361]
average weight per bushel in New Brunswick, [253]
composition of, [227]
imported, [218]
composition of, [264]
analysis of varieties, [362]
yield per acre, [356]
Potato, information respecting, [10]
meal, syrup made from, [197]
the wild, of North America, [372]
starch in, [330]
starch, used to adulterate arrowroot, [349]
test for detecting, [349]
starch, [334], [335], [337], [362]
crop of the United States, [361]
disease, [358]
proposed cure for, [359], [60]
crop in Ireland, [358]
varieties of, [358]
imports of, [359]
crop in France, [361]
Poisons, [627]
Pomme des Prairies, of the Canadians, [373]
Pounding coffee, [61]
Population of Great Britain, &c., [87]
of China, [86], [91], [298]
Porto Rico, exports of coffee, [77]
cost of producing sugar in, [189]
production of coffee in, [41]
exports of tobacco, [615]
Poonac, as manure, [50] [549], [552], [561]
Pomegranate bark, [493], [495]
Poonay oil, [511]-[13]
Polygonum tinctorium, [453]
Pongamia glabra, [521]
Pogostemon patchouly, [573]
Poppy, culture of, [581]
oil, used to adulterate olive, [532] [509]-[10]-[11]-[18]
Polypodium crassifolium, used as a perfume, [550]
Preserved Plantains, [323]
Prices, average of sugar, [145]
Prickly poppy, [626]
Princeza snuff, [594]
Prince of Wales Island, clove culture in, [399]
Prosopis pallida, [313]
Protein compounds, [307], [310], [342]
Produce of various plants, [9]
Production, average of various plants, [9]
Provence oil, [531]
Province Wellesley, clove culture in, [400]
Prussia, tobacco consumed by, [596]
production of beet sugar in, [197]-[98]
Pruning coffee tree, [69]
Psoralia, varieties of, [372]
Pteris esculenta, [380]

Pterocarpus marsupium, [493]
santalinus, [445]
species of, [507]
Pulping mill for coffee, [51]
Purging nut, [625]
Pulse, culture of, [312]
Putchuk or Costus, [438], [638]
Punjaub, proposed culture of tea in, [101]
Pustulatus moss, [486]
Qually, an iron vessel for drying sago, [317]
Quarree, a Spanish land measure, about 5¾ English acres, [326]
Quassia wood, [643]
Quas, a fermented Russian beverage, [308]
Quercitron, [443], [485]
Quercus tinctoria, [443], [485]
suber, [504]
Quintal, the Spanish cwt., equal to 101¾ lbs. English,
Quinine, imports of, [636]
manufacture of, [635]
Quillai, bark of, used for soap, [574]
Quinoa, [310]
species of, [507]
Railways, large consumption of oil for, [513]
Ramos (Mr.) his dessicating agent for sugar, [140], [162]
Ramalina fufuracea, [486]
Ram-til, [535]
Ramsay (Mr. C. J.) on beet sugar manufacture, [200]
Ranunculus, properties of, [626]
Rape oil, [609]
Rape seed, quantity imported, [563]
oil, [513]
cake, [564]
Raphis fabelliformis, [314]
Red pepper, [429]
Sanders wood, [445]
Sandal wood, [378]
Reseda lutea, [452]
Revenue from sugar, [143]
Rhamnus, varieties of, [442]
leaves of, used for tea in China, [105]
Rhizaphora mangle, [493], [506]
Rhubarb, [644]
Rhus, species of, [450]
Ricinus communis, [542]
Rial, a Spanish coin worth 6d., [135]
Rice starch, [344]
imports of, [303]
produce per acre, [356]
meal for feeding pigs, [383]
Rice imported, [218]
starch, Jones's process, [303]
consumption per head in the East [297]
price of in China, [298]
time it may be kept, [292]
threshing mill for, [288]
grown in Demerara, [292]
history of, [283]
American crop of, [285]
returns of produce in Carolina, [291]
weight per bushel, [290]
Richardsonia scabra, [641]
Rimu, or red pine, [505]
Robertson (Mr.) on the collection of Paraguay tea, [133]
Robiquet (E.) analysis of aloes, [629]
Rocella dye, [452]
species of lichens, [486]
Room, an Indian dye stuff, [443]
Roucou, a name for arnotto, [447]
Rotation of crops, [243]
Root crops, [355]
prices of in New Brunswick, [254]
Rollers, proportionate advantages of those with [3] & [4], [168]
Roxburgh on the sugar cane, [179]
Roses, cultivation of, [570]
Rottlera tinctoria, [442]
Royle's (Prof.) productive resources of India, [103]
Rubia cordifolia, [484]
tinctorium, [478]
Ruellia tuberosa, [625]
Ruellia, a dye stuff, [443]
Rupee, an Indian coin worth about, 2s
Russia, production of beet sugar in, [199]
consumption of tea in, [92]
tea sent to, [87]
Rye, analysis of, [258]
imported, [218]
meal, imported, [218]
Sappan wood, [445], [446], [447]
Salisbury (Dr.), analysis of maize, [265]
Saxony, beet sugar manufacture in, [199]
Salt, recommended as a fertiliser, [172]
Santalum album, [565]
Saa-ga-ban root of the Indians, [371]
Saga, the Java name for bread, [314]
imported, [218]
flour, exports of, [318]
palms, [314]
millet used for, [306]
Saccharum sinensis of Roxburgh, [136], [169]
violacum, [136]
Safflower, [450]
Salangore sugar cane, an excellent variety, [154]
Sandwich Islands, arrowroot made in, [352]
Sandbox, seeds of, emetic, [626]
tree, [512]
Saul tree, wood useful for tea boxes, [114]
Sarsaparilla, [645]
Saguerus Rumphii, [314], [316]
inermis, [314]
lævis, [314]
farinifera, [316]
Salep, [354]
Samshing, a refuse produce of opium, [585]
Sandoway in Arracan produces superior tobacco, [616]
Saponaceous plants, [574]
Sapindus, varieties of, [574]
Salvadora persica, [521]
Sapindus marginatus, [521]
Saouari oil, [512]
Sanguinaria canadensis, [511]
Scammony, [642]
Scharling's (Dr.) test for adulterated arrowroot, [349]
Schomburgk (Sir R.), arrowroot forwarded by, [352]
discovers a new tuberous plant, [374]
discovers wild plantains, [320]
Scotland, produce of grain in, [249]
Seed leaf tobacco, [606]
wheat in France, [219]
Senna, varieties of, [647]
Sesame oil, [511], [533]
Setaria italica, [305]
germanica, [304]
Shanghae oil, [511]
Sheet lead, manufacture of for tea cases, [114]
Shorea robusta, [114], [521]
Shier (Dr.), his opinion on cassava starch, [370]
analysis of the plantain, [323]
on the starch producing plants, [331]
Shea butter, [538]
Shiraz tobacco, [613]
Sicily oil, [531]
Siam gamboge, [639]
pepper produced in, [422]
indigo found wild in, [476]
exports of cardamoms, [419]
Sidu lanceolata, [574]
Sugar, obtained from the palm tree, [314]
made from millet, [306]
Simaruba amara, [643]
Singapore, produce of gambier in, [501]
exports of sago, [318]
nutmeg trade of, [413]
pepper grown in, [423], [424], [427]
nutmeg trees in, [400]
produce of mace, [414]
extent of clove culture in, [399]
Sinapis, species of, yielding oil, [512]
Silica, essential for wheat soils, [240]
Singhara nuts, [378]
Sinde, culture of rice in, [293]
Smith (Dr.), his experiments in tea culture in America, [95]
Snuff, duty received on, [597]
Sorghum officinarum, [136]
saccharatum, [136]
avenaceum, [307]
vulgare, [304], [306]
Soap, made from coco-nut oil, [559], [562]
worts, [575]
Soil suited to coffee, [68]
for the nutmeg, [403]
for cinnamon, analysis of, [384]
best suited for wheat, [247]
a due consideration and knowledge of, requisite to the planter, [7]
suited for tobacco, [586], [587], [607]
suited for indigo, [468]
Solly (Prof.) on the want of a hand-hook for the cultivator, [1]
on barks for tanning, [493]
Society of Arts, premiums offered by, [2]
Soconusco, the finest cacao, [13]
Socotrine aloes, analysis of, [629]
Soja hispida, [313]
Soy, mode of making, [313]
Sohrinjee oil, [478], [523]
South Australia, tobacco culture in, [624]
South Carolina, exports of rice from, [285]
Sooranjee, [478], [523]
Spergula sativa, flour from the seed, [377]
Sphœroccus crispus, [379]
Spanish moss, [380]
tobacco, on the mannagement of, [612]
oil, [531]
Spices, plants which furnish, [382]
Spikenard oil, [572]
Spondius lutea, [495]
Spergula sativa, [512]
Stalagmites cambogoides, [451]
gambogoides, [63]
Star anise, [438]
Starch producing plants, [329]
Starch contained in various grain crops, [264]
made from maize, [265]
plants, comparative yield per acre, [339]
process of manufacture, [342]
large proportion of in rice, [303]
proportion of in potatoes, [362]
Statice coriaria, [444]
Caroliniana, [494]
Stenhouse (Dr.) on the lichens, [490]
Stillingia sebifera, [512]
St. John's bread, [312]-[13]
St. Lucia, cost of cultivating sugar, in, [189]
exports of coffee from, [73]
shipment of cassava flour, [369]
St. Kitt's, cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
St. Domingo, exports of coffee to the United States, [63]
St. Vincent, introduction of the clove to, [399]
production of arrowroot in, [347]
production of coffee in, [41]
cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
arrowroot shipped from, [351]
Straits settlements, nutmeg culture in, [407]
cinnamon culture recommended, [387]
Sumbul root, [649]
Surat maund, 39¼ lbs., [401]
Sumach, [450]
tannin in, [495]
Sunflower oil, [509]-[10]-[36]
Sullivan (Mr.) on cost of beet root sugar, [191]
Sugar, cost of producing in different countries, [189]
Sugar cane, varieties of, [137], [153], [168]
mills, relative advantages of different ones, [168]
supply, demand and production, [141]
plants from which it is obtained, [136], [216]
Sugar, information respecting, [10]
Sugar maple, [205]
Sumatra, production of coffee in, [41]
Sumatra, production of pepper in, [422]
Sweet cassava, [331]
Sweet potato, [330]-[31]-[37]-[65]
Swift (Mr.) on the culture of madder, [480]
Swamp potato, [373]
Sxygium carophyllæum, [384]
Sylvanus surinamensis, [279]
Symplocos, varieties of, [442]
Tacca plant, species of, [354]
Tahiti arrowroot, [354]
Talipot palm, furnishes sago, [316]
Tallicoonah oil, [518]
Tallow tree of China, [512]
tree of Java, [511]
burning properties of, [509]
Tanping, a Chinese oil cake, [312]
Tannin of nutgalls, [492]
Tannia, [334]-[35]-[36]-[37]
Tanahaka bark, [505]
Tapioca sago, [315], [369]
Tasmannia aromatica, [421]
Taro, [364]
Tartareous moss, [486]
Taniers, or ocoes, [331]
Taurine, Leibig on, [80]
Tea, total outlay for by the British public, [86]
extent to which the consumption might be pushed, [89]
local consumption of in China, [86], [91]
tannin in, [495]
consumption of, [596]
oil, [518]
range of prices, [83]
consumption of in the British empire, [84]
in all other countries, [84]
Mr. Montgomery Martin's statistics of, [84]
quantity that might be used free of duty, [84]
value of the exports from China,
high priced, used in the China market, [85]
various Chinese names for, [105]
immense trade in, [80]
names of the green, [81]
black, [81]
original cost in China, [85]
duty received on, [83]
Teel or Til oil, [511], [533]
Teff, an African bread, [308]
Teinsing, a Chinese vegetable dye, [104]
Temperature requisite for various plants, [8], [9]
Tempering cane juice, [158]
Tenacity of starches, [336]
Terminalia angustifolia, [494]
species of, [506]
Terra Japonica, a misnomer, [490]
statistics of imports, [502]
Teuss, a Chinese legume, [312]
oil, [215]
Texas, production of sugar in, [147]
Thespesia populnea, [444]
Thea viridis, [103], [110]
Bohea, [103], [110]
Theine, analysis of, [80]
Thistle oil, [511], [103], [110], [626]
roots as food, [376]
Theobromine, [11]
Theobroma, description of the tree, [11]
Tikoor, a local name for Indian arrowroot, [351]
Til oil, [511]
Tip-sin-ah, a wild prairie turnip of North America, [372]
Tinnevelly senna, [648]
Ti plant, [355]
Tirhoot, production of indigo in, [475]
Tobacco, memorial of American Chamber of Commerce, [595]
culture of in the East, [615]
duty paid on, [594]
leaf, Prof. Johnston's analysis, [592]
plant, [589]
sources of supply, [601]
fly, cure for, [607]
statistics of American exports, [600]
prohibited to be grown in England, [598]
method of curing, [605]
manufacture increasing in the United States, [599]
number of persons engaged in the culture in America, [599]
worm, [610]
stems, trade in, [598]
information respecting, [9]
seed oil, [510]-[18]
prices in London, [602]
root, a wild edible plant, [376]
cost of cultivating sugar in, [189]
Tonquin beans, [434]
Tous-les-mois, starch of, [330]-[33]-[35]-[37]-[40]
Topinam bar, [365]-[76]
Topping the coffee tree, [68]
Towai bark, [505]
Toddy, [555]
Travers (Mr. J.I.) on consumption of tea, [87]
Trinidad, exports of coffee from, [73]
indigo in, [460]
culture of coffee in, [72]
cost of cultivating sugar, [189]
Tropæolum tuberosum, [536]
Tripa, a name for damaged tobacco leaves, [611]
Tripolium alpinum, [643]
Truffle, [381]
Tuberous plants, new, recommended, [370]
Tuber cibarium, [381]
Turkey berries, [442]
opium, [585]
Turmeric, [419], [434], [442]
used for coloring tea, [436]
Turnips, average weight of crop in New Brunswick, [253]
Turpentine, spirits of, [565]
Typha bread, [380]
Tye, a preparation of opium, [585]
Unearia Gambier, [496]
United States, production of sugar in, [145]
supplies of coffee to, [63]
imports of tea and value, [92]
value of its agricultural produce, [222]

former culture of indigo, [461]
production of maple sugar in, [215]
tea plant introduced, [95]
Upland rice, [302]
grown in Texas, [285]
Ure (Dr.), on arrowroot manufacture, [347]
on manioc starch, [368]
on tannin in barks, [495]
on indigo manufacture, [472]
Urania guianensis, [444]
Valenaria edulis, [376]
Valonia, [507]
Van Diemen's Land, culture of oats in, [258]
Vanilla, [431]
plant, grows in Brazil, [130]
Vara, a Spanish land measure, [9]
Variolaris, species of lichens, [486]
Varzeas, a Portuguese name for low and marshy ground, [183]
Vateria indica, [512]
Vegetable butter, [538]
wax, [540]
soap, [574]
Velvet moss, [486]
Venezuela, coffee culture in, [62]
Verbesena sativa, [535]
Vernonia anthelmentica, [521]
Vinegar, made from millet, [306]
Virginian tobacco, statistics of, [598], [600]
method of culture, [604]
Virola sebifera, [401], [512]
Voandzou, [371]
Voelcker (Dr.), analysis of quinoa, [310]
Volatile or essential oils, [565]
Vuelta abajo, the best class of Cuba tobacco, [613]
arribo, the inferior kind of ditto, [613]
Vulpinic acid, [488]
Wabessepin, a wild American potato, [372]
Wages paid in the Mauritius, [150]
Walnut, oil from, [510]
Wangle, oil seed, [533]
Watappinee, an Indian edible root, [372]
Water, proportion of in different kinds of wheat, [221]
quantity in potatoes, [227]
for making starch, [341]
Wax berries, [546]
palm, [541]
Weinmaunia, bark of, [499]
racemosa, [505]
Weight per bushel of crops in New Brunswick, [253]
of coffee per bushel, [47]
Wellstead (Lt.) on Socotro aloes, [629]
Westring (Dr.) on the Swedish lichens, [489]-[90]
West India ginger, [418]
Wheat, weight of, as an index of value, [236]
imported, [218]
flour do., [218]
culture, statistics of, [220]
annual produce of, [219]
analysis of, by Boussingault, [244]
average price of, [249]
best soil for, [247]
consumption of in England, [248]
produce of in England and Wales, [248]
information respecting, [10]
starch of, [331]-[35]-[36]-[37], [343]
composition of the ash of, [241]
yield per acre, [240]
flour, various analyses of, [237]
White pepper, statistics of, [428]
Whisky, quantity of maize used for, [271]
Wilcockes on Paraguay tea trade, [135]
Williams's Middle Kingdom, extract from, [105]
Willoughbeia edulis, [378]
Wilson (Mr. T.) on the cost of producing sugar, [189]
Wilson's rice-cleaning machine, [290]
Winnowing coffee, [51]
machine for tea, [116]
Woad, [452]
Wood dyes, [449]
oil, [511]
(Mr.) on indigo culture, Wool manufacture, oil consumed in, [510]
Wray's practical sugar planter, [140]
Wrightia tinctoria, [463]
Xanthoxylum piperitum, [421]
ochroxylon, [460]
Xiguilite, the indigo shrub, [460]
Xylocarpus granatum, [519]
Xylopia aromatica, [421]
Yam, back, [333], [335], [337]-[38]-[339], [362]
Yams, varieties of cultivated, [362]
Yampah root, [376]
Yellow berries, [443]
Yerba, Spanish and native name for the Paraguay tea tree, [133]
Yucca amarga, [331]
Yucca, the Peruvian name for cassava, [367], [375]
Zamia, arrowroot obtained from, [319], [352]
pumila, [330]
Zanzibar, clove plantations in, [400]
Zea Mays, description of, [260]
Zingiber officinale, [414]
Zizania aquatica, [284]
Zones, Meyen's division of, [25]
Zollverein, production of beet root sugar in, [198]