FOOTNOTES:
[641] T. P. Esmond, letter dated July 17, 1914, Proceedings, 21st Convention, W. F. M. (1914), p. 26.
[642] Editorial, Solidarity, July 9, 1910, p. 2, col. 4.
[643] Proceedings, 20th W. F. M. Convention, p. 426.
[644] Constitution and By-Laws of the W. F. M. (1912), art. viii, sec. 4. President Moyer discusses this change of policy on trade agreements in his report to the 22nd (1914) convention (Proceedings, pp. 37, 40). For constitutional provisions of the I. W. W. on contracts, cf. infra, p. 332.
[645] July 2, 1914, p. 5.
[646] Report of Proceedings, 22nd W. F. M. Convention, Miners' Magazine, Aug. 17, 1916, p. 2.
[647] Delegate Murray, Proceedings, 21st Convention W. F. M. (1914), p. 146.
[648] Miners' Magazine, July 16, 1914, p. 7. Mayor Duncan's statements were denied by the editor, ibid., pp. 8-10.
[649] The New York Times, June 22, 1914, p. 18, col. 3. Butte dispatch, dated June 21.
[650] Report to the 20th Convention, W. F. M., Proceedings (1912) p. 14.
[651] Proceedings, 20th Convention, W. F. M., p. 283.
[652] Ibid., p. 24.
[653] Editorial, Aug. 1, 1912, p. 6, col. 1.
[654] Ibid., p. 7, col. 2.
[655] Miners' Magazine, June 20, 1912, p. 9.
[656] Hearings, Washington, D. C., Apr. 6, 1914. Final report and testimony, vol. i. p. 453.
[657] Editorial, United Mine Workers' Journal, reprinted in Miners' Magazine, July 2, 1914, p. 9.
[658] Report to 17th Annual Convention (1906), Minutes, pp. 53-4.
[659] Katherine Mayo, Justice to All: The Story of the Pennsylvania State Police (Putnams, 1917), p. 225.
[660] "Industrial Organization," Miners' Magazine, May 7, 1914, p. 6, col. 2.
[661] "A plea for solidarity," International Socialist Review, March, 1914, p. 538.
[662] "Debs, revolutionary unionist," New Review, vol. ii, p. 426, July, 1914.
[663] Solidarity (Oct. 3, 1914, p. 1).
[664] Ibid., Oct. 3, 1914, pp. 1, 4.
[665] Cf. Louis Levine, Revolutionary Syndicalism in France, ch. viii, for a more adequate description of the "one union, one vote" plan of representation.
[666] Editorial, Oct. 24, 1914, p. 2, col. 2.
[667] Solidarity, Oct. 3, 1914, p. 1, col. 4.
[668] Chicago Daily News, September 22, 1914. This same dispatch stated that there were fifty delegates present—twice as many as the "Wobblies" themselves claimed.
[669] See the report in Solidarity, Oct. 3, 1914, p. 4, col. 4.
[670] Letter dated July 16, 1913, to W. Beech, Proceedings, 8th Convention, I. W. W., p. 24, col. 1.
[671] Solidarity, Oct. 3, 1914, p. 4, col. 4.
[672] Preamble and Constitution of the I. W. W., 1916, art. vii, sec. 5.
[673] Ibid., art. iii, pp. 11-12.
[674] Cf. Appendix iv.
[675] Proceedings, Eighth I. W. W. Convention, p. 30.
[676] Adapted from data in Proceedings, Eighth I. W. W. Convention, p. 30.
[677] Cf. appendix iv, table A. For the status of the I. W. W. in California in 1914, see the writer's report to the U. S. Commission on Industrial Relations on "The I. W. W. in California."
[678] "The Truth about the I. W. W.," Journal of Political Economy, Nov., 1913, vol. xxi, p. 786.
[679] "The Development of Hoxie's Economics," Journal of Political Economy, vol. xxiv, p. 875, note (Nov., 1916).
[680] "The Development of Syndicalism in America," Political Science Quarterly, Sept., 1913, vol. xxviii, p. 478.
[681] Proceedings of the 26th meeting, American Economic Review, vol. iv, no. 1, supplement, pp. 140-141 (March, 1914).
[682] Letter to the author, Feb. 1, 1915.
[683] Proceedings, Eighth I. W. W. Convention, p. 5, col. 2, p. 6, col. 1. In this branch of the I. W. W. in New York City there were in 1917 about 5000 members (mostly Spaniards) of whom not less than half were in good standing.
[684] Industrial Relations (Hearings), vol. ii, p. 1462.
[685] Speech at the I. W. W. Hall in 81st Street, New York City, January 31, 1915.
[686] Solidarity, Dec. 2, 1916, p. 1. General Secretary Haywood reported to the convention that the A. W. O. had enrolled at that time 18,000 members. Proceedings, p. 36.
[687] The New York World, Aug. 13, 1916, p. 11, col. 1 (dated Sioux City, Ia., Aug. 12).
[688] R. W. Babson, Reports on Labor, "The I. W. W.'s latest move," Confidential Bulletin of the Co-operation Service, no. L-59, Aug., 1916.
[689] Dec. 9, 1916, p. 1, col. 3. Dispatch signed "R. E. P."
[690] Ibid.
[691] Issues of December 2, 9, and 16, 1916. The Proceedings were published in full in 1917.
[692] Solidarity, Dec. 2, 1916, p. 1, col. 1.
[693] Solidarity, Dec. 2, 1916, p. 1.
[694] St. John, The I. W. W., History, Structure and Methods (1917 edition), p. 23.
[695] Ibid., p. 24. Charters were issued to 116 locals (in 27 States and 2 Canadian provinces) during the two years ending Sept. 1, 1916. These included 8 recruiting unions and 9 Propaganda Leagues. (Vide Report of General Secretary, Proceedings, Tenth Convention [1916], pp. 33-36, where there is a list of these new locals.)
[696] St. John, op. cit., p. 23.
[697] In the summer of 1918 it was reported in a press dispatch from Johannesburg that a branch of the I. W. W. had been established among the natives at Durban (New York Times, July 19, 1918, p. 15, col. 5).
[698] Direct Action (Sydney), reprinted in Solidarity, Mar. 17, 1917, p. 4.
[699] March, 1917, p. 11, col. 1, "The Raised Fist of Labor."
[700] One of them was the editor of Direct Action, an I. W. W. paper published in Sydney.
[701] New York Times, April 14, 1917, p. 6.
[702] Cf. letter from the General Secretary of the Australian Administration, in Report of General-Secretary-Treasurer to the Tenth I. W. W. Convention (1916), Proceedings, pp. 42-43. Vide, also, New York Times, Dec. 20, 1916, p. 5, col. 2.
[703] The Unlawful Associations Act (No. 41 of 1916), assented to Dec. 21, 1916, and amended by the Unlawful Associations Act (No. 14 of 1917), assented to July 27, 1917.
[704] Christian Science Monitor, October 4, 1918.
[705] The preamble is printed in full in The World (Oakland, Cal.), October 18, 1918, p. 3. (Reprinted from the British Columbia Federationist, Sept. 27, 1918, article by W. Francis Ahern, Australian correspondent.) Mr. Ahern gives a detailed description of the structure of the new union and shows that in this respect, also, it follows the American I. W. W. very closely. Other meetings in furtherance of this project are reported to have been held in the fall of 1918 in Brisbane and Melbourne. (Ibid.) This recrudescence of militant industrialism in Australia appears to be an indirect outcome of the defeat of the Labor party in the federal election of 1917.
[706] 65th Cong., 2nd sess., S. 4471.
[707] Ibid. The bill was amended by the Judiciary committee and favorably reported to the House.
[708] 65th Cong., 2nd sess., S. 4471. The one hundred odd members of the I. W. W., who were indicted in 1917, were indicted, tried and convicted, not under any specific anti-sabotage, "criminal syndicalism" or unlawful associations statute, but under section 4 of the "Espionage Act" of June 15, 1917, and sections 6, 19 and 37 of the Criminal Code of the United States. (The United States of America vs. William D. Haywood et al., no. 6125 in the District Court of the U. S., Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division.)
[709] Acts of 1919, ch. 188. Approved May 5, 1919.
[710] Acts of 1917, ch. 145. Approved Mar. 14, 1917.
[711] Act no. 139.
[712] Acts of 1917, ch. 215. Approved Apr. 13, 1917.
[713] Approved Jan. 30, 1918.
[714] Acts of 1918, ch. 7. Approved Feb. 21, 1918.
[715] Special Session, 15th legislative assembly (1918), Senate bill no. 12. Approved Mar. 23, 1918.
[716] Laws and resolutions passed at the 36th (extraordinary) session of the legislature (1918), ch. 9. Approved Apr. 9, 1918.
[717] On January 14, 1919, the Washington Syndicalism bill was passed over the Governor's veto. Session laws of 1919, ch. 3. [S. B. 264, Session of 1917].
[718] In the case of State vs. Moilen, 167 N. W. 345.
[719] A digest of the court's opinion is given in the Monthly Labor Review (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), vol. vii, pp. 177-179 (July, 1918).
[720] Cf. Caroline Nelson on "The Constructive Side of the New Unionism," in her pamphlet, Aggressive Unionism, pp. 20-24.
[721] P. 125. The five "national administrations" reported are: Australia, Great Britain, Hawaii, New Zealand, and South Africa. The World Almanac for 1916 reported 300 local unions.
[722] In the case of the United States of America vs. William D. Haywood et al., now (June, 1918) being tried in Chicago, the Government indictment credits the I. W. W. with a membership of 200,000. The author believes this is much too high, although the organization has unquestionably grown. It is probably based on gross accumulated memberships and would give a fair indication of the number of persons who have, at one time or another, been members of the I. W. W. (Indictment in U. S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, no. 6125, p. 7).
[APPENDIX I]
First I. W. W. Classification of the Industrial Population[723]
("FATHER HAGGERTY'S WHEEL OF FORTUNE")]
