INDEX

Adjustment of religious differences, proposed project of 1555, [49-50].
Agriculture, revival of, [108-116].
Background of Polish Reformation,
independent attitude
of Polish princes, [9-11],
of clergy, [11-13],
of people, [13];
influence of humanism, [13-14];
character of Polish clergy, [14-15].
Batory, Stephen, religious tolerance of, [79-80].
Bible, Polish, different translations and editions of, [72].
Bohemian Brethren,
in Poland, [27-28], [41-42];
union with Calvinists of Little Poland, [48];
joint synod of the two in 1557 and proposed union with Lutherans, [56].
Budny, Simon, Arian reformer and writer, [72], [73].
Calvinism in Poland, [33-34], [39], [42];
need of better church organization of, [43];
growth of, [53].
Casimir the Great, attitude toward church, [10].
Causes of Polish Reformation,
political, constitutional liberties of Polish nobility, [101-105],
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134],
problem of “execution of laws,” [134-137];
social, Renaissance, [64-66],
art of printing, [66-73],
education, influence of foreign universities, [73-78],
religious tolerance, [78-82],
aristocratic character of Polish, Reformation, [82-83];
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134];
economic, wealth of Polish church, [83-100], [121-124],
revival of commerce and agriculture after Peace of Thorn (1466), [105-116],
problem of national defense, [116-124],
payment of tithes, [124-126].
Church, opposition of nobility to, political, [101-105];
economic, [105-116].
Clergy, Polish, moral character of, [14-15];
right to participate in royal elections questioned, [57-58];
taxation of, [60-61];
materialistic character of, [97-99].
Commerce, Polish, change in, and its significance, [105-108].
Confederation, of Korczyn (1438), [18];
of Warsaw (1573), [62], [80-81].
Conflict between Polish nobility and clergy, basis, constitutional liberties of Polish nobility, [101-105];
causes,
revival of Polish commerce and agriculture, [105-116],
problem of defense, [116-124],
quarrels over payment of tithes, [124-126],
opposition to ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134],
demand for execution of laws, [134-137].
Consensus Sandomiriensis, [62-63].
Council of Constance, [16].
Court clergy, affected by the Reformation, [39-40].
Court, royal, affected by the Reformation, [30], [36].
Czechowic, Martin, Arian reformer and writer, [73].
Defense, problem of, [57], [60];
more acute after agricultural revival, [116] ff.;
insistence on the clergy’s participation in public, [118-121];
confiscation of ecclesiastical property for public, proposed, [122].
Demesne estates, enlargement of, by extension of cultivation, [108];
by expropriation of village mayorships, [108-109];
by incorporation of vacant peasant leaseholds, [109-110].
Ecclesiastical estates,
location and productivity, [92-93];
proximity to royal lands and its significance, [93-94].
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction,
protest against and demand for abolition of, [45];
suspended for a year, [45], [46];
suspension of, continued, [50], [57];
demand for abolition of, in all matters, [58-59];
abolished, [60-61], [126-132], [134].
Economic basis of ecclesiastical revolt of Polish nobility,
commercial changes, [105-107];
industrial changes, [107] ff.
Economic causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Edicts,
of Wieluń (1424), [17], of 1433, [18];
of Thorn (1520), [24];
of Duke Janusz of Mazovia (1525), [26-27];
of Cracow (1523), [28],
of 1554, [32],
of 1544, [37];
due to growth of Reformation, [29];
protest against their issuance, [59-60].
Execution of Laws, [54], [56], [57], [113], [134-137].
Farming by tenant peasants, not profitable in the 16th century, [114-115].
Glebae adscripti, Polish peasants become, [115].
Goniądz, Peter, reformer and writer, [73].
Humanism, [13-14], [64-66].
Hussitism, [16-19].
Independence,
of Polish princes, [9-11];
of clergy, [11-13];
of people, [13].
Investiture, right of, [10-11].
James of Paradyż, scholar and advocate of religious reform, [19], [20].
Krowicki, Martin, Arian reformer and writer, [48], [47], [73].
Krzyżak, Felix, Calvinistic reformer,
accepted the Reformation, [39];
fled to Great Poland, [46];
returned to Little Poland, [46];
appointed as superintendent of Calvinistic churches, [43];
invited Bohemian Brethren to unite with Calvinists of Little Poland, [48].
Landownership,
regarded as a special privilege of the Polish nobility, [110];
townspeople excluded from, and from high church offices, [110-113];
enlarged by purchases, [114].
Łaski, John, most distinguished Polish reformer, [38], [53], [56], [64], [65].
Legacies, of Polish ecclesiastical princes, [91-92].
Liberties, constitutional, of Polish nobility, [101-105].
Lismanini, Francis, a leader in Polish religious reform, [30], [39], [40], [41], [42], [53], [81].
Lutheranism,
in Danzig, [21-24];
in other West Prussian cities, [24-25];
in East Prussia, [25-26];
in Great Poland, [27-28];
in Little Poland, [28-30].
Mandate of Sigismund I on the starostas, [37], [38].
Matthew of Cracow, scholar and advocate of religious reform, [19-20].
Mayors of ecclesiastical villages, [56], [57], [60], [116] ff. See also Defense.
Meetings, secret, in Cracow, [39-40].
Modrzewski, Andrew Frycz, distinguished humanist and advocate of reform, [64], [65-66].
National Synod, [13], [50-51], [56-57].
Nobility, opposition to church,
political, [101-105];
economic, [105-116].
Ochino, Bernard, taking refuge in Poland, [81].
Oleśnicki, Cardinal Zbigniew, [17], [18].
Order to the starostas of 1546, [38].
Orzechowski, Stanislaus, [43], [44-45].
Ostrorog, John, [14], [64-65].
Political causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Pope Pius IV, reforms which he was asked to sanction, [50-51].
Prażmowski, Andrew, his preaching of Calvinistic doctrines in Posen, [42].
Pre-Reformation reform movements, influence,
of Waldensians, [15-16];
of Wyclif’s teaching, [16];
of Hussitism, [16-19];
of loyal sons of the church at home, [19-21].
Printers, Cracow, [66-70].
Printing, as a cause of Polish Reformation, [66-73].
Privileges, clerical, presented “ad judicum,” [60].
Protestantism, strength of, by 1569, [61-63].
Racovian Catechism, [73].
Radziwill, Nicholas, the Black,
an intimate of Sigismund Augustus, [41];
Lippomano tried to influence, [51-52];
founded a press at Brześć Litewski from which issued the Radziwill Bible, [71].
Renaissance. See Humanism.
Reformation, spread of, in Poland,
early beginnings and struggles, [21-33];
growing aggressiveness, [33-40];
triumph and dominance, [40-68];
in Danzig, [21-24];
in West Prussia, [24-26];
in East Prussia, [26];
in Mazovia, [26-27];
in Great Poland, [27-28];
in Little Poland, [28] ff.;
topic of general discussion, [34];
a class movement, [82-83], [132-134].
Rey, Nicholas, father of Polish literature, [37].
Roman clergy, affected by the Reformation, [38-39], [42], [43].
Samuel, Andrew, [37], [38-39], [40].
Seklucjan, John, [27], [37], [39], [40], [72].
Sigismund I, [11], [23], [27], [37], [40];
his tolerance, [38], [78-79].
Sigismund II, Augustus, [12];
Calvin’s Commentary on the Mass dedicated to, [34];
religious attitude of, [40-41];
tolerance of, [79].
Social causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Social classes, affected by Reformation, [82-83]; [101].
Stankar, Francis, his defection from Rome, [43-44];
his flight to Great Poland and return, [46].
Status of peasants, changed by legislation, [115-116].
Sozzino, Lelio, [81];
Faustus, [81].
Synodical decrees, [30-32], [34];
futility of, [32], [35-36].
Taxation of clerical property,
by Casimir the Great, [10];
insisted upon by nobility for purposes of defense, [123-124].
Tithes and tithing, opposition to, [59], [61], [97-98], [124-126].
Tolerance, religious, as cause of Polish Reformation, [78-82].
Treaty of Thorn (1466), its effect on Polish commerce and agriculture, [106] ff.
Uchański, James, [12], [39], [55], [56-57], [59].
Universities, foreign, influence of, [73-78].
Vatican, concerned about Poland, [51].
Vernacular, appeal to the masses through literature in, [36-37].
Waldensians, influence of, on Poland, [15-16].
Wealth of Polish church, landed,
in Great Poland, [84];
in Little Poland, [84-85];
in Mazovia, [85];
in Podlasie, [85-86];
in Volhynia, [86];
in Red Russia, [86-87];
in Ukraina, [87];
compared with that of the crown and of the nobility, [87-91];
minimum total estimates of, [94-96];
other sources of income, [96-97];
its influence on Polish nobility, [97-100];
proposed confiscation of, [100].
Wyclif, influence of his teaching in Poland, [16].
Zalaszowska, Catherine, execution of, [33].