A. Legal enactments. Condemned ingredients.
Chocolate is a mixture of cacao mass with sugar, to which usually spices and even cacao butter are also added. The sugar generally amounts to rather more than one half (60 percent) of the total mixture. Spices such as cinnamon, vanilla, cloves, nutmeg, mace, cardamoms, as well as cacao butter, or perfumes like peruvian balsam, are only added in small quantity so as to improve or alter the flavour as required. Recently, the ethereal oils of the spices have been used for this purpose as well as artificially prepared aromatic substances, such as vanillin, for example. Flour and starch[136], although the latter is seldom used, are permissible ingredients in cheaper kinds of chocolate but only when the fact of the addition is plainly stated. The kinds of flour usually employed are wheat and potato flours, rice-starch and arrowroot, dextrin and, less frequently, oat, barley, acorn, chestnut, or rye flour. In certain forms of dietetic chocolate, sugar being injurious to invalids, it is replaced by saccharin; another material, such as a leguminous flour from beans, peas or lentils, must be employed in its place.[137] In some kinds of fancy chocolate, harmless colours, tincture of benzoin etc. are used.