INDEX

A
Abnormality, the survival of original state, [144], [146].
Absorption in spectrum,
planetary, [52], [161].
of Uranus, [118].
of Jupiter, [152].
of Saturn, [152].
Achilles, [94].
Adams, [119], [121].
Adams, Mr. J. C., [123-126].
Agassiz, [41].
Airy, [121], [123].
Albedo,
of dark star, [27].
of Mercury, [62], [73-75].
of Venus, [73-75].
of Moon, [75].
of Jupiter, [104], [105].
of Saturn, [109].
of Uranus, [116].
of Neptune, [168].
of clouds, [195].
Algol, [3].
American Academy, [125].
Amphibians, first record of, [188].
Anderson, Dr. Thomas D., [8], [12].
André, [215].
Andromeda, great nebula in, [10], [20], [21].
constitution disclosed by spectroscope, [45], [48].
Apex of Sun’s way, [26].
Arago, [121].
Asteroids, [39], [60], [61], [94-102].
domain of, [94].
diminutive size, [94], [101].
number, [94], [101].
peculiar discovery of, [95-98].
never formed part of a pristine whole, [98].
where thickest, [98].
formation of large planet from, prevented, [98], [99].
mid-course between planets and comets, [100].
shape of, [101], [102].
mammoth meteorites, [102].
mark transition between inner and outer planets, [102].
Atmosphere,
spectrographic study of, [53], [54], [161].
Mercury deprived of, [71], [75], [232].
reflecting power, [75].
of Venus, [75].
Moon deprived of, [75], [232].
thin on Mars, [75], [91], [232].
of Uranus, enormous, [117], [118], [232].
of Neptune, vast, [118], [232].
of Jupiter, [166], [232].
depletion of, [231-233].
none on Ganymede, [232], [233].
of Saturn, [232].
lacking in Saturn’s rings, [232].
Avogadro, [228].
Axes of planets,
systematic righting of, [132].
tilts accounted for, [146].
B
Babinet, [147].
Backland, [68].
Ball, Sir Robert, [145].
Barrande, M., [178].
Belopolski, [87].
Bessel, [120], [121].
Blandet, M., [175], [176].
Bode, [95], [119].
Bode’s law, [96], [100], [119], [122], [126].
Bolometer, [194].
Bolton, Mr. Scriven, [103], [105], [106].
Boltzmann, [228].
Bose, [157].
Bouvard, Alexis, [120], [121].
Boyle, [228].
Bradley, [68].
C
Cambrian era, [178].
Cambridge Observatory, [123].
Campbell, [9].
Carboniferous period, [179].
Cassini, [76], [162].
Celestial mechanics, [28], [94], [155].
Ceres, [101].
Challis, [123].
Chemistry, indebted to the stars, [160].
Clausius, [228].
Clerke, Miss, [9], [164].
Climate, advent of, [185].
Clouds,
none on Venus, [75].
of Jupiter not ordered as ours, [107], [163], [167].
Uranus wrapped in, [168].
Neptune wrapped in, [168].
Earth once wrapped in, [170], [171], [178].
Collision of dark star with Sun, [25], [215].
warning of, [26-29].
disturbances previous to, [29], [30].
rarity of event, [30].
Collisions between meteorites of a flock, [11], [49].
causing light, [49], [50].
Columbus, [188].
Comets, [33], [61].
members of solar system, [34], [35].
orbits of, [61], [100].
Commensurability of orbital period, [99], [111].
Congruities of solar system, [128-137].
deviations from, [62], [100], [101], [130], [131], [141].
specify mode of evolution, [137].
Convection currents, [219].
in atmosphere of Venus, [80].
Copeland, Dr. [7].
Copernican system, [58].
Copernicus, [62].
Cosmic action, [1], [22], [184].
Croll, [196].
Cuticle of star, effect of impact on, [11].
D
Dana, [177], [186], [189].
Dark stars,
origin, [2].
number, [2], [25].
evidence of, [3-5].
collision of, [10], [11].
rendered visible, [26].
Darwin, [62], [138], Notes [252].
Day,
lengthened to infinity, [70], [219].
none on Venus, [83].
Jovian, [163].
first appreciation of, [186].
coincides with month, on satellites, [225].
Death of a planet,
defined, [214].
catastrophic cause, [215], [216].
due to tidal retardation of rotation, [216-219].
outcome of loss of oceans and air, [226], [233].
caused by extinction of Sun itself, [234].
Density,
of dark star, [27].
of planets, [51], Notes [243].
of Mercury, [63], [64].
of Venus, [90].
of Jupiter, [103], [117].
of Uranus, [115].
Deserts, increase of, on Earth, [208-211].
Devonian era, [187].
Dhurmsala meteorite, [41].
Diameter,
of Mercury, [63], [64], [66], [67].
of Venus, [90].
of Earth, [90].
of Mars, [91].
of satellites of Mars, [92].
of Jupiter, [103].
of Uranus, [115-117].
Dust, in atmosphere of Venus, [75].
E
Earth,
characteristics, not universal, [90], [91], [155].
evolved from a nebula, [149].
internal heat, [150].
early surface temperature, [160], [169], [170].
once cloud-wrapped, [170], [171], [178].
solid surface formed, [171].
hot seas of, [171], [172].
self-sustained, [182].
study of, within province of astronomy, [184].
ceased to be self-centred, [187].
Sun becomes dominant factor in organic life of, [190].
Earth shine, [82].
Eccentricity, orbital,
of Mercury, [63], [65], [69], [222].
of asteroids, erratic, [100], [101].
of satellites, increases with distance from primary, [134].
Eclipsing binaries, [3], [4].
Ejectum from nova, [5], [16].
rate of regression, [16].
Elemental substances, [159].
in Sun, [159].
once in Earth, [160].
discovery of, in stars, [161], [162].
Ellipticity,
of Jupiter, [103].
of Saturn, [109].
of Uranus, [115].
Encke, [68].
Energy,
conservation of, [140], [150], [151].
dissipation, [140-142].
conditions for a minimum, [142].
Eros, fluctuation of light of, gives evidence of form, [101], [102].
Evolution, [153].
white nebulæ in process of, [49].
rounded out, [56].
of solar family, [100].
evidence of, in solar system, [117].
manner of, lessens energy, [141].
Evolution, chemical, [155], [173].
universal, [156].
temperature conducive to, [157], [158].
attendant upon cooling, [158], [162].
steps in, shown by spectroscope, [161].
Evolution, physical, [155], [162].
induced by cooling, [162].
F
Fabry, [34].
Fauna, [178], [179], [187].
Faye, [175], [176].
Flagstaff, Arizona, [52], [66], [68], [79], [83], [89], [92], [106], [110], [221], [232].
clear and steady air of, [66], [86].
Flamstead, [119].
Fleming, Mrs., [7].
Flemming, [120], [121].
Flora, of paleologic times, [177].
French Academy, [122].
G
Galle, Dr., [122], [123], [125].
Gases,
peculiar to nebulæ, [11], [16].
occluded in meteorites, [42], [43].
in atmospheres of planets, [53-55].
Gauss, [34], [96], [97].
Geikie, [160], [177], [189].
Geology,
relation to astronomy, [173], [174], [183], [184].
scope of, [174], [203].
Geysers, avenues to earlier state, [160].
Goodricke, [3].
H
Hakluyt, [188].
Harvard College Observatory, [8], [12].
Heat,
molecular motion, [150], [157], [230].
the result of evolving, [153].
the preface to higher evolution, [153], [156].
laws governing amount of, [190].
atmosphere keeps out, as well as stores, [191].
effective, received from Sun, [192-194].
invisible rays, [194].
retained, [194-196].
radiated, [194-196].
Heat of condensation of Earth,
accuses concourse of particles, [151].
evaluated, [151], [152].
sufficient for geologic phenomena, [152].
Hector, [94].
Helmholtz, [151].
Hencke, [98].
Herschel, Sir John, [122].
Herschel, Sir William, [96], [114], [162].
Hertha, periodic variability, [102].
Hipparchus, [5].
Holden, [9].
Hubbard, Professor, [124].
Huggins, [52].
Humphreys, [10].
Huntington, [209].
I
Ice Age, [196].
not of orbital occasioning, [197-199].
increased precipitation, the cause, [199], [200].
a local affair, [200-202].
Irradiation, affecting diameter of Mercury, [66], [68].
J
Jacobi, Notes [252].
Julius, Professor, [10].
Juno, [101].
Jupiter, [103-108].
not solid, [104], [107].
a semi-sun, [105], [108], [152], [166], [167].
white spots of, [106].
Jupiter, “great red spot” of, [164].
time of rotation, [164].
a vast uprush of heated vapor, [165], [166].
Jupiter’s belts,
secular progression, [104].
rotate at different speeds, [104], [162], [163].
color, [104].
wisps across, [105], [106].
bright ones, cloud, [163], [167].
spectrographic study of, [166].
K
Kapteyn, [14].
Keeler, [19], [52], [110].
Kepler, [6].
Kinetic theory of gases, [226], [228].
corollary of, [54].
extension of, [230], [231].
Kirkwood, Professor, [35].
L
Lagrange, [94], [97].
Lalande, [123], [124].
Lane, Homer, [234].
Langley, [191], [194].
Laplace, [34], [110], [127], [129], [131], [132], [138], [139], [147], [152], [175].
Laplacian cosmos, [129], [130].
false congruities of, [131-133].
annular genesis, disproved, [138], [139].
original “fire-mist” of, impossible, [138].
Lapparent, de, [173-176], [183], [189].
Lemonnier, [115], [119].
Leonard, Miss, [79].
Leverrier, [119], [121-126].
Lexell, [115].
Libration in longitude,
of Mercury, [65], [69], [70], [222], [223].
causes true day, [70], [71].
of Venus, inappreciable, [83], [223].
of Moon, [224].
Lick Observatory, [13], [14].
Lockyer, [48].
Lowell Observatory, [65], [74].
M
Major planets,
gaseous, [117].
constitution of, differs from Sun or Earth, [161].
types of early planetary stages, [162].
self-centred and self-sustained, [168].
Man, immanent, [159].
Mars,
polar caps, [198].
canals in dark regions, [206], [207].
dying of exhaustion, [234].
Mass,
of Mercury, [63], [64], [68].
of Mars, [91].
of Jupiter, [103].
arrangement of, in solar system, [135-137], [148].
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, [134], [184].
Mauvais, [125].
Maxwell, Clerk, [110], [113], [228].
Mayer, [119], [151].
Mendeléeff, [161].
Mercury, 62-[73].
time of rotation and revolution the same, [65], [69].
axis stands plumb to orbit, [70].
turns same face to the Sun, [70], [72], [134], [221].
surface markings, [72], [221].
color, [72].
Meteorites, [31], [35], [36].
cosmic bodies, [32], [33].
relation to shooting-stars, [36].
members of solar system, [36].
composition, [40-44], [55].
fused by friction with atmosphere, [40].
temperature, [41], [55].
fragments of a dark body, [44].
link past to present, [44], [56], [57], [130].
Meteors,
orbits of, [36], [39], Notes [241-243].
visibility of, [38].
Meteor-streams, [33], [61].
first recognition of, [34].
disintegrated comets, [34].
Michelson, [10].
Milham, Professor, [99].
Mira Ceti, [235].
Mohler, [10].
Molecular speeds, gaseous, [228-231].
critical velocity, [230], [231].
Molecule, organic, power in its instability, [160].
Moment of momentum, [140], Notes [250].
cause of original, [130].
Moment of momentum, conservation of, [140].
applied to solar system, [141-143].
Momentum, [140].
Monck, Mr., [10].
Moon,
turns same face to Earth, [134], [208], [224], [225].
once fiery, now dead, [233], [234].
Mountains, none on Mars, [91].
Müller, [73], [74], [104], [105], [116].
N
Naval Observatory at Washington, [122].
Nebulæ,
origin of, [10], [11].
amorphous, [18], [44].
planetary, [18].
spectrum of amorphous, [45].
Nebulæ, spiral, [17-25], [44].
evolved from disrupted stars, [10-15].
relation to novæ, [14-16].
corpuscular character of, [15], [16].
knots and patches of, [15].
most common, [19], [20].
two-armed, [20], [25].
central nucleus, globular, [21].
not due to explosive action, [22], [23], [25].
not caused by disintegration, [24], [25].
cause of development, [24], [25].
spectrum of, [45-48].
composed of flocks of meteorites, [48], [49].
constitution established by spectroscope, [49], [50].
Nebular hypotheses, [173].
Neologic times, clearing of sky in, [185].
Neptune, [118].
rotates backward, [118].
owes discovery to mathematical triumph, [119-126].
faint belts on, [168].
further advanced than giant planets, [168].
Newcomb, [67].
Newton, Professor, [36], [42].
Newton, Sir Isaac, [34].
Nova Aurigæ, [7], [8], [12].
history chronicled by its spectrum, [8], [9].
Nova Cygni, [7].
Novæ, [6], [7].
origin [5], [10].
first chronicled, [5].
spectroscopic study of, [7].
Nova Persei, [7].
history of, [12-15].
O
Oceans,
none on Mars, [91].
evaporation of, [204].
basins of, on Moon, [204-208].
basins of, on Mars, [206], [207].
Olbers, [97].
Olmstead, Professor, [33].
Orbital distance,
of Mercury, [62].
of Venus, [73].
of Mars, [91].
of Eros, [94].
of Saturn, [108].
Orbital tilts,
of asteroids, erratic, [100], [101].
of satellites of Uranus, [116].
of planets, substantially the same, [129-131], Notes [244].
deviation from rule, by Mercury, [131].
of satellites, increase with distance from primary, [133], [134].
Orbits,
determining factors, [35].
rendered more circular by collisions, [141-143], Notes [250], [251].
made more conformant to general plane by collisions, [141-143].
Orion, great nebula in, [18].
P
Paleologic times,
much warmth and little light in, [172].
fallacies in geologists’ expositions of, [174-176].
climate continuous, [177], [186].
seas warm, [177], [178].
explained by cloud envelope, [178].
corroboration of explanation, [187], [179].
excessive rain in, [185], [186].
passage into Neologic, essentially astronomic, [185].
Pallas, [101].
Parabolic speed at orbit, Notes [245].
Patroclus, [94].
Peirce, [110], [125], [126].
Perrine, [15].
Perrotin, [116].
Perturbations,
in motion of planets, heralding a catastrophe, [28], [30].
reflected, [63].
mass of planet determined by, [68].
of asteroids by Jupiter, [98], [99].
restrictive action of, [99].
the fashioning force of planetary orbits, [99], [100].
of rings of Saturn by satellites, [111], [112].
of Uranus lead to discovery of Neptune, [121-126].
Petersen, Dr., [123].
Photometric determinations, [92], [93].
background, the fundamental factor in, [92], [93].
Piazzi, [96].
Pilgrim Star, [5], [6].
Planetary astronomy, advance in, [59], [60].
Planetology, [203].
defined, [173], [174].
Planets, [61].
knots in spiral nebulæ, [25], [139].
developed by agglomeration, [143], [149], [151], [152].
Pliny, [5].
Plutonic rocks, [160].
Pluvial eras, contemporaneous with glacial, [200].
Polyp corals, in paleologic times, [186].
Pristine motion of planetary particles,
retrograde, [144].
superfluous energy in, [145].
unstable, [145].
Ptolemaic system, [58].
R
Refrigeration, tempered by loss of cloud, [196].
Revolutions,
of shooting-stars, [39].
of asteroids, direct like planets, [100].
planetary, in same sense, [129], [130].
outermost satellites, retrograde, [132].
of satellites explained, [146], [147], Notes [252].
Ritchey, [14].
Roberts, Dr., [20].
Roche, Edouard, [110].
Rosse, Lord, [17].
Rotation of planets, [131], [132].
systematic righting of axes, [132].
initially, retrograde, [146].
Rotation period,
of Venus, spectrographically determined, [83], [85-90].
of Mars, spectrographically determined, [88], [89].
of Jupiter, spectrographically determined, [89].
of Uranus, [116].
Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, [7].
S
Satellites, [61].
of Mars, [92].
of Saturn, [108], [112].
of Uranus, [116].
solid, [117].
of Neptune, [118].
turn same face to primaries, [134], [147], [148], [225].
latest discoveries in regard to motions of, [146].
origin of, [147].
death of, before planet, [233].
impact of interplanetary particles on, Notes [246-250].
capture of, Notes [251], [252].
Saturn, [108-114].
belts of, [109], [168].
inherent light, [109], [152].
Saturn’s rings, [109-114].
mechanical marvel of, not early appreciated, [110].
discrete particles, [110], [135].
knots upon, [110-113].
not flat, but tores, [111-114].
show devolution—not pristine state of solar system, [138], [139].
once a congeries, [139].
Schaeberle, [9].
Schiaparelli, [34], [36], [64-66], [69], [76], [77], [221].
Schroeter, [65], [77].
Seasons,
loss of, [71], [83], [217], [218].
begin with clearing of sky, [185].
fully developed, [189].
See, Notes [251].
Seeliger, [10].
Shooting-stars, [33], [35].
radiant of, [33], [36].
members of solar system, [36-40].
tiny planets, [39].
Siderite, [36].
Silurian era, [178].
Sirona, periodic variability of, [102].
Sky, cause of clearing, [187].
Slipher, Dr. V. M., [52], [79], [83], [86], [88], [89], [117], [161], [166].
Slipher, Mr. E. C., [79], [233].
Solar constant, [191].
Solar system,
evolved from a dark star, [44].
evidence of origin, [51], [130].
characteristics of, [60-62].
evolutionarily one, [62].
gap in progression of orbital distances, [95-100].
bodies of, egg-shaped, [217].
Specific gravity, of stone and iron, [44].
Spectroscope, [7], [84].
Spectroscopic shift, [84].
determining velocity, [3].
in Nova Aurigæ, [9].
produced by great pressure, [10], [13].
produced by anomalous refraction, [10].
produced by change of density, [10], [13].
explained, [85].
variation in, Notes [243], [244].
Spectrum,
of Nova Persei, [12], [13].
nebular, [13], [16], [45-48].
peculiarities of nebular, explained, [50].
photographic extension of, [52], [117], [161].
of major planets, [52], [53], [161].
of belts of Jupiter, [166].
Spiral structure, implies rotation combined with motion out or in, [22].
Stability of a system, condition for, [140], [141].
Stoney, Dr. Johnstone, [231].
Struve, [109].
Suess, [179].
Sun,
original slow rotation of the, [130].
heat of, [234], [235].
reversion to a dark star, [235], [236].
Sun spots, [104], [166].
T
Temperature,
of Moon, [191], [192].
of Mars, [192], [194], [196].
defined, [230].
no such thing as, in space, [230].
Tercidina, periodic variability of, [102].
Tertiary times, entrance of color with, [189], [190].
Tidal action, [143-147], [216-218].
causes loss of energy, [144].
inoperative, [144], [145], [147].
changes retrograde rotation of planet to direct, [145-147], [217].
on satellites, [147].
slows down spin, [148], [217].
brings plane of rotation down to orbital plane, [217].
lengthens day to infinity, [219].
analytically expressed, [224].
greatest on planets near Sun, [135], [224].
Tidal action, disruptive, [130].
exemplified by spiral nebulæ, [24], [25].
hinted at, by meteorites, [55].
theory corroborated by densities of planets, [51].
theory corroborated by atmospheres of planets, [52-55].
on comets, [139].
cause of Saturn’s rings, [139].
Tisserand, [68].
Titius, [95].
Todd, [68].
Trees, deciduous, first appearance of, [189].
Trilobites, blindness of, [178], [179].
Twining, [33].
Tycho Brahe, [5].
U
Uranus, [114-118].
history of discovery, [114], [115], [119].
a ball of vapor, [115], [117].
belts of, [115], [116], [168].
tilt of axis to ecliptic, great, [115].
spectroscopic revelations of, [117], [118].
in an early amorphous state, [118].
further advanced than the giant planets, [168].
V
Velocity,
of Mercury in orbit, [63].
of satellites about primary, Notes [245].
of major planets, in orbit, Notes [245].
Venus, [73-90].
surface markings, [74], [77], [79], [80], [83], [220], [221].
brilliancy due to cloudless atmosphere, [75].
importance of rotation period, [75], [76].
turns same face to the Sun, [77-80], [134], [220], [221].
ice on the night side, causes ashen light, [82].
Very, Professor, [16], [191], [192], [194].
Vesta, [101].
Vogel, [52].
Volcanoes, avenues to earlier state, [160].
Von Zach, [96].
W
Walker, Mr., [123], [124].
Water,
becoming more scarce, [203], [204], [211].
lacking on Moon, [204].
Water-vapor,
in atmosphere of Jupiter, [53].
in atmosphere of Mars, [91], [161].
smaller planet has less hold on, [207].
Williams, Mr. Stanley, [103].
Witt, de, [94].
Wolf, Dr., [13].
Wolf, Max, [94].
Wolf-Rayet stars, [13], [48].
Wright, [13], [43].
Y
Year, of Uranus, [116].
Yerkes Observatory, [232].
Young, [46].

PERCIVAL LOWELL’S

Mars and Its Canals

Illustrated, 8vo, $2.50 net

“The book makes fascinating reading and is intended for the average man of intelligence and scientific curiosity. It represents mature reflection, patient investigation and observation, and eleven years’ additional work and verification.... It is the work of a scientist who has found inspiration and joy in his work; it is full of enthusiasm, but the enthusiasm is not allowed to influence unduly a single conclusion.”—Chicago Evening Post.

“It seems impossible that Mr. Lowell can raise another girder more grandly impressive and expressive of the whole fabric or take another step in his scientific syllogism that will hold us any tighter in his logic. He has practically reached already his ‘Q. E. D.’ The thing is done, apparently, except for filling in the detail. But with his racy, epigrammatic brilliancy of style, his delicate, quiet humor, his daring scientific imagination—all held in check by instructive modesty of good breeding, gayly throwing to the winds all professional airs and mere rhetorical bounce—his course will be no doubt as charming to the end as it has been steadily illuminating even for the illuminati.”—Boston Transcript.

“Whether or not we choose to follow the author of this book to his ultimate inferences, he at least opens up a field of fascinating conjecture. The work is written in a style as popular as the precise enumeration of the ascertained facts permits, and if the narrative is not in all its details as entrancing as a novel, it nevertheless transports us into a region of superlatively romantic interest.”—New York Tribune.

“No doubt the highest living authority on Mars and things Martian is Prof. Percival Lowell, director of the observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona, an astronomical investigator and writer known over the entire world. Professor Lowell’s book, ‘Mars and Its Canals,’ is the final word, up to the present, on the planet and what we know of it.”—Review of Reviews.

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PERCIVAL LOWELL’S

Mars as the Abode of Life

Illustrated, 8vo, $2.50 net

The book is based on a course of lectures delivered at the Lowell Institute in 1906, supplemented by the results of later observations. It is, in the large, the presentation of the results of the author’s research into the genesis and development of what we call a world; not the mere aggregating of matter, but the process by which that matter comes to be individual as we find it. He bridges with the new science of planetology the evolutionary gap between the nebular hypothesis and the Darwinian theory.

“It is not only as an astronomer but as a writer that Professor Lowell charms the reader in this work. The beguilement of the theme is well matched by the grace and literary finish of the style in which it is presented. The subject is one to beget enthusiasm in its advocates, and the author certainly is not devoid of it. The warmth and earnestness of the true lover of his theme shine through the entire work so that in its whole style and illustrations it is a charming production.”—St. Louis Globe Democrat.

“Mr. Lowell approaches the subject by outlining the now generally accepted theory of the formation of planets and the solar system. He describes the stages in the life history of a planet three of which are illustrated in the present state of the earth, Mars, and the moon. He tells what conditions we would expect to find on a planet in what we may call the Martian age, and proceeds to show how the facts revealed by observation square with the theories. The book is fascinatingly readable.”—The Outlook.

“So attractive are the style and the illustrations that the work will doubtless draw the attention of many new readers to its fascinating subject. Professor Lowell has fairly preëmpted that portion of the field of astronomy which interests the widest readers, for there is no doubt that speculation regarding the possibility of life on other planets than our own has a peculiar attraction for the average human mind.... For the convenience of the non-technical reader, the body of the book has been made as simple and understandable as possible.”—Philadelphia Press.

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Footnotes:

[1] “Mem. del Reale Inst. Lombardo,” Vol. XII. III della serie III.

[2] Quoted in “Luminous Meteors,” Committee’s Report for 1870-1871, p. 48.

[3] New Observations of the Planet Mercury, Memoirs Amer. Acad. 1897. Vol. XII, No. 4.

[4] “Astronomical Constants,” 1895, pp. 67, 68.

[5] Astr. Nach. No. 3406. Monthly Notices R. A. S., March, 1897.

[6] Monthly notices R. A. S., March, 1897.

[7] Lowell Observatory Bulletin 6.

[8] Lowell Observatory Bulletin No. 3.

[9] Paper by the writer in the Phil. Mag., April, 1908.

[10] Adams, “Explanation of the Motion of Uranus,” 1846.

[11] Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. I, p. 64.

[12] Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. I, p. 65 et seq.

[13] Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. I, p. 144.

[14] Proc. Amer. Acad., Vol. I, p. 332.

[15] Geikie, “Geology,” pages 85, 86, and 131-136.

[16] “Abrégé de Geologie,” De Lapparent.

[17] “Mars as the Abode of Life,” Macmillan, 1908.

[18] De Lapparent, Dana, Geikie, passim.

[19] De Lapparent.

[20] De Lapparent, Dana, Geikie, passim.

[21] Suess, “The Face of the Earth,” p. 213.

[22] Dana. “Geology.”

[23] Dana, Geikie, De Lapparent.

[24] Cf. Grant Allen.

Transcriber’s Notes:

The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.

Typographical errors have been silently corrected.

The numerical reference to the NOTES, i. e. [1] have been changed to "(see NOTE x)" in order to avoid confusion with the true footnotes.