FOOTNOTES:
[178] MS. 'Phinees' (the form also adopted in his signature), the Greek form of the Hebrew name Mouth of Brass, given as 'Phinehas' by the translators of the Bible.
[179] MS. 'Deepforde Stronde.' The etymology of this well-known name does not appear to have been satisfactorily determined. Antiquaries have been content to explain it as the 'Strand' or shore of the deep ford over the Ravensbourne River, which enters the Thames at Deptford Creek. As a matter of fact, Deptford Strond lay on the shore of the Thames some distance to the west of the Ravensbourne. It seems more probable that Deptford Town, at the head of the creek near the bridge by which the Dover Road crosses, was the original settlement, and took its name from the deep creek (fiord), which was navigable for ships of 500 tons up to that bridge, and that Deptford Stronde was settled later from the 'Town' and took the addition 'Stronde' in contradistinction. The dockyard was on the site now occupied by the Foreign Cattle Market.
[180] Probably Thomas Howell, Rector of Paglesham.
[181] Throughout the MS. the name of the Deity is spelt without a capital letter: the use of capitals in this connection appears to be comparatively modern.
[182] 'Num' in MS., in which it occurs twice.
[183] I.e. apprentice.
[184] Benjamin Gonson, junior, and Buck were appointed jointly Clerk of the Ships, with reversion to the longer liver, by letters patent of 10 July 1596. Gonson died in 1600 and Buck succeeded him. Buck was knighted in 1604 and died in 1625.
[185] A private man-of-war, called later in the 17th century a 'privateer.'
[186] Or Glemham. This was the second voyage. Neither appears to have been a financial success. An account of this voyage under the title, News from the Levane Seas ... was published in 1594.
[187] Prize.
[188] MS. 'Divelinge,' apparently a phonetic attempt at the old name of Dublin, 'Duibhlinn,' pronounced Divlin. Pepys in his marginal note writes 'travelled to Dublin.'
[189] This was destined to be the last voyage of Drake and Hawkyns. The Defiance was Drake's ship.
[190] Or Due (Dieu) Repulse.
[191] Built in 1561, this was a rebuilding.
[192] Advance.
[193] Howard of Effingham.
[194] On the north side of Deptford Green, overlooking the Thames, afterwards the Gun Tavern. See Dew's History of Deptford, p. 185.
[195] I.e. the Cadiz Expedition of 1596, under the joint command of Howard and Essex.
[196] William Cecil, Lord Burghley.
[197] Pronounced 'Tibalds,' whence the form 'Tiballs' in which it appears in the MS. Theobalds Park (near Waltham Cross) was afterwards exchanged between Burghley's son, the first Earl of Salisbury, and James I for Hatfield.
[198] MS. 'Pakellsum.'
[199] MS. 'estate.'
[200] MS. 'Hye Woodehill'; near Mill Hill.
[201] St. James's Day, 25th July.
[202] St. Bartholomew's Day, 24th August.
[203] Hugh Lydiard, senior, Clerk of the Check.
[204] The navigator, brother of Stephen Borough.
[205] Possibly the entrance to the dock.
[206] The 'income' was the fee or fine paid on entering upon the lease.
[207] Thomas Wiggs, a subordinate of Lord Buckhurst, Commissioner of State Trials. He is mentioned in a letter of Buckhurst to Cecil of 7th December 1600. Salisbury MSS. (Hist. MSS.), x. p. 411, and in Pepys' Miscell., x. p. 349.
[208] Southwold.
[209] Or 'Vugle.'
[210] I.e. districts.
[211] See [Introduction].
[212] Afterwards Lord Brooke.
[213] Like, favour.
[214] See [Introduction].
[215] An allusion to the game of bowls.
[216] Stepfather.
[217] MS. 'syses.'
[218] S.P. Dom. 28th May 1599; the name is given as 'Nun.'
[219] Probably John Hone, Advocate of Doctors' Commons, 1589; Master in Chancery 1596-1602.
[220] The ecclesiastical 'Court of Arches' held at St. Mary-le-Bow.
[221] A Newcastle carvel-built ship.
[222] MS. 'Bulley'; the high ground south of Rochester Castle.
[223] 'All Hallows, Barking,' founded by the nuns of Barking Abbey, whence the name.
[224] MS. 'raynam.'
[225] Thievish Dunkirker.
[226] Swatchway; the channel south of the Nore Sand.
[227] Christmas.
[228] Originally half a mark, or 6s. 8d., afterwards 10s.
[229] 1602, according to the Old Style, as it is before the 25th March.
[230] Or Avale, see [p. 86]; for many years the pilot for the river and Downs. The Commission of 1618 proposed to pension him as 'aged and blind.'
[231] MS. 'Dagnam.'
[232] MS. 'Grenehyve.'
[233] See [Introduction].
[234] Band.
[235] Round shot. At that period salutes were fired with shotted guns, not with blank charges.
[236] Immediately.
[237] South of St. Paul's, and on the east side of Baynard's Castle.
[238] I.e. Prince Henry.
[239] I.e. the Lord High Admiral.
[240] M.S. 'Ihon,' mis-transcribed in the Harl. MS. here and elsewhere as 'Thomas.'
[241] M.S. 'Winebancke.'
[242] The words in italics are wanting in the original MS.
[243] The words in italics are wanting in the original MS.
[244] Coruña.
[245] San Lucar, at the mouth of the Guadalquivir.
[246] MS. 'Bonance': opposite San Lucar.
[247] MS. 'Civill.'
[248] C. de Sta. Maria.
[249] Bore away.
[250] Cadiz.
[251] Santander.
[252] In Hampshire, north of Havant.
[253] See [Introduction].
[254] This is a mistake. He has already given the date of birth of John as 23rd March 1601-2 and of Henry as 18th March 1602-3; see [pp. 17 and 18].
[255] Suites.
[256] Of Hinchinbrook, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, uncle of the Protector.
[257] In 1608, see [Introduction].
[258] MS. 'Alceholte' (Aisholt = Ashwood), near the Surrey border S.W. of Farnham.
[259] At the northern approach to old London Bridge.
[260] The poet, then gentleman of the bedchamber to Prince Henry.
[261] I.e. for this special purpose.
[262] A legend concerning the relics of St. Vincent, who suffered martyrdom at Valencia in A.D. 304. His body on being exposed to wild beasts was said to have been protected by a raven. During the Moorish invasion of Spain these remains were removed from Valencia to Cape St. Vincent, and in the twelfth century were brought by water from that Cape to the cathedral of Lisbon and placed in the Chapel of St. Vincent. Two (not three) ravens, who watched over his tomb, accompanied the ship on its voyage, remaining on watch when the relics were deposited in the cathedral. The ship and the two birds appear in the arms of Lisbon.
[263] I.e. of ample powers.
[264] See the list and notes at [pp. 54-5].
[266] Rotherhithe; MS. 'Redreife.'
[267] MS. 'Bluther.'
[268] MS. 'Peter.'
[269] A small piece of ordnance without carriage, used for firing salutes. This was not the 'chamber' used with the early breech-loading ordnance.
[270] The Prince Royal.
[271] MS. 'flower.' 'Floor—are those timbers lying transverse to the keel, being bolted through it ... and strictly taken, is so much only of her bottom as she rests upon when lying aground.'—Blanckley, Naval Expositor.
[272] Troublesome, painful.
[273] Lie.
[274] Careless.
[275] The Tuck is 'that part of the ship where the ends of the bottom planks are collected together immediately under the stem ... a square tuck' (as in this case) 'is terminated above by the wing transom and below and on each side by the fashion-pieces' (Falconer, Marine Dictionary). According to Sutherland (Shipbuilder's Assistant), the 'height of the tuck' was taken from the point where the heels of the fashion-pieces were 'let in upon the posts,' i.e. upon the stern post and false stern post.
[276] Bully, swashbuckler.
[277] A coach or chariot of a stately or luxurious kind.—N.E.D.
[278] Sir Robert Cecil had been created Earl of Salisbury in 1605.
[279] Considering.
[280] Previously.
[281] MS. 'brew.'
[282] MS. 'Wrong heads.' The upper ends of the floor timbers.
[283] The inside planking from the kelson to the orlop clamps.
[284] Canopy.
[285] Of the East India Company, merchant and sea-captain.
[286] One of the six Masters Attendant of the Navy.
[287] Probably John Watts, who was captain of Denbigh's flagship in the Cadiz Expedition of 1625 and was knighted; together with Michael Geere and others, at Plymouth on the return. He was captain of Buckingham's flagship in the Ile de Rhé expedition of 1627.
[288] Captain Thomas Norris (or Norreys) referred to at [p. 119] as being one of the Commissioners of 1618 and at [p. 120] as one of Pett's 'greatest enemies.' From [p. 33] it would appear that at one time he had been a purser.
[289] Perhaps the Captain James Chester referred to in Naval Tracts of Sir William Monson, I. xxxiv. and III. 60.
[290] See [Introduction].
[291] Captain Christopher Newport, recommended by Mansell and Trevor in 1606 for the reversion of one of the principal masters' places. In 1612 he was captain of the East Indiaman Expedition. He was removed from among the six masters by the Commission of 1618, on account of his employment by the East India Company.
[292] Of Limehouse; master of a merchantman, and a shipbuilder.
[293] Probably the 'Thomas Redwood, mariner, precinct of the Tower of London,' whose will was proved in 1613 (Wills. P.C.C.)
[294] Possibly the William Geere granted 'the office of an Assistant of the Admiralty' in 1604; or Michael Geere granted 'the place of Assistant to the King's chief officers of the Admiralty' in March 1608, subsequently knighted and a Master of Trinity House.
[295] In 1618 'Captains Geer and Moore' were engaged 'in receiving and inventorying the Destiny and her furniture, the goods of Sir Walter Raleigh.'—Cal. S. P. Dom., November 2, 1618.
[296] A servant of the East India Company.
[297] Of Limehouse, mariner.
[298] See [Introduction].
[299] MS. 'Cleye.' Referred to at [p. 33] as 'Nicholas Clay of Redriff, shipwright and yardkeeper.' Nominated in the Charter of 1605 as one of the 'Assistants' of the Shipwrights' Company. The name is there spelt 'Cley,' but he signed as 'Nycholas Clay.'
[300] Referred to at [p. 33] as 'Thomas Graves of Limehouse, shipwright and yardkeeper'; the indictment is, however, signed by 'John Greaves' (see [Introduction]), and it may be noted that 'John Graves' was nominated an 'Assistant' by the Charter of 1612. Probably Pett has made a mistake in the forename.
[301] Probably Robert Tranckmore, who with Jonas Day was employed in 1627 in making a dry dock, etc., at Portsmouth. These two with Pett were also ordered to report on the faults in the ships built by Burrell.
[302] Clerk of the Check at Woolwich.
[303] Brother of Sir Peter Buck, Clerk of the King's Ships. It appears from [p. 33] that he was an under clerk to Sir Peter. In October 1607 Thomas Buck and William Holliday were granted 'protection' for a year, and this was renewed in September 1609. On 31st July 1609 Thomas Buck and John Clifton were granted the moiety of all forfeitures, etc., incurred by officers of the navy for frauds against the Crown.
[304] John Clifton (see preceding note); he had been purser in the Answer in the Spanish voyage of 1605.
[305] In October 1604 he was granted with others a reward of 5s. a ton for building five new ships. He was a friend of William Adams, the navigator, who refers to him in his letter from Japan of October 23, 1611, to the East India Company. It would appear that he and Diggens (and possibly Woodcott) would more properly have been included under 'shipwrights.'
[306] Probably the William Bigatt who was master of the Lion under William Borough in 1587. See 'The Mutiny of the Golden Lion' in Oppenheim, Administration of the Royal Navy, p. 382 et seq.
[307] Of Stepney.
[308] Became in 1610 one of the six principal masters. Newport's reversion (see [note 7, p. 54]) was granted 'after the placing of John King.'
[309] Possibly Arthur Pett, the navigator of 1580. He was one of the members incorporated by the second charter of the Virginia Company in 1609.
[310] Possibly referred to in Court Minutes of the East India Company (Cal. S.P. East Indies, 407) of April 1608: 'Gratifications to Diggins, Burrell, Kitchen and Woodcott.'
[311] This may be the 'old Thomas Fuller' who died in the East India Company's ship Thomas in 1612.
[312] MS. 'Write.' In 1604 the Lord Mayor was directed to appoint Richard and Robert Wright joint packers of woollen cloths, &c., and porters of strangers' goods in and out of the port of London. It is not, however, clear that this is the same man.
[313] Of Ratcliff. Mentioned in the grant to the North-West Passage Company. Cal. S.P. Colonial, July 26, 1612.
[314] Granted in August 1604 the usual allowance for building five new ships. William Adams, who died in Japan in 1620, had been for twelve years apprenticed to Diggens, and refers to him affectionately in his letters to the East India Company. (See Letters received by the East India Company, vol. i.)
[315] Probably the 'Edward Jordan, mariner,' mentioned in the Pipe Office Dec. Acct. for 1613 (No. 2251).
[316] Principal master workman of the East India Company; see [Introduction].
[317] Brother-in-law of Phineas. A shipbuilder at Ratcliff; nominated as a warden in the shipwrights' charter of 1605.
[318] Nominated as an 'Assistant' in the shipwrights' charter of 1612.
[319] Thomas Cole of Woodbridge and Thomas Pryme of Yarmouth were nominated 'Assistants' in the shipwrights' charter of 1605.
[320] MS. 'Androes.'
[321] Shipbuilder at Gillingham, see [p. 24]. He was also a shipwright in Chatham Yard.
[322] Referred to at [p. 93] as 'friends in the navy.'
[323] See [Introduction].
[324] MS. 'directed.'
[325] See [Introduction].
[326] The transverse section of the ship at the greatest breadth.
[327] Henry Briggs (1561-1630), mathematician. First Professor of Geometry at Gresham College.
[328] The futtocks or foothooks are the timbers between the floor timbers and the top timbers. The floor timbers, lower and upper futtocks, and top timbers, when put together, form a complete frame-bend.
[329] Redness being a sign that the wood was past its prime and beginning to decay.
[330] Entirely.
[331] To be dressed or smoothed with an adze.
[332] The timbers, popularly called 'ribs,' forming the frame.
[333] Carefully.
[334] Marvel at, Lat. admirari.
[335] Result.
[336] Thomas Button. Knighted 1616; died 1634.
[337] MS. 'and.'
[338] John Legatt, or Legate, Clerk of the Check at Chatham, granted in 1604 the reversion of the Clerkship of the Navy after Peter Buck, sen. (Pat. Roll, 1655). He appears, however, to have died before Buck, probably in 1615.
[339] An allusion to the well-known line of Horace (De Arte Poetica, 139): 'Parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus' (Mountains are in labour, a silly little mouse will be born).
[340] MS. 'veryest bable and drowne divell.' This has the appearance of a seaman's saying, but I have not met it elsewhere. 'Bable' (bauble) is used contemptuously for 'a mere toy, applied to a machine, etc., considered too small or weak for actual work' (N.E.D.), as in the following passages:
' ... the sea being smooth,
How many shallow bauble boats dare sail
Upon her patient breast ...
But let the ruffian Boreas once enrage
The gentle Thetis ...
... where's then the saucy boat
Whose weak untimbered sides but even now
Co-rivall'd greatness?'
Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, I, iii.
' ... his shipping
Poor ignorant baubles—on our terrible seas
Like egg-shells mov'd upon their surges, crack'd
As easily 'gainst our rocks.'
Shakespeare, Cymbeline, III, i.
The word 'bawble' is also used by Anson in speaking of the Tryal sloop, which the Spaniards at Juan Fernandez could not credit with having rounded Cape Horn.
'Devil' seemingly refers to the 'poor devils' forming the crew: it does not appear to refer to the seam in the ship's bottom to which that name is sometimes given.
[341] Referring to his voyage in 1602. See [Introduction].
[342] Granted October 27, 1607.
[343] Apparently John Pory, who, from his letter to Dudley Carleton of January 3, 1610 (S.P. Dom., James I, lii, 1), appears to have been connected with the Lord Treasurer. This would be the traveller and geographer of that name, then M.P. for Bridgwater, but settled in London.
[344] Probably John Keymer, the author of Observations upon the Dutch Fishing.
[345] Reproof.
[346] By William Burrell.
[347] Of 1100 tons; wrecked on her first voyage in 1613 and burnt by the Javanese.
[348] Of 250 tons.
[349] MS. 'strokes.' The ship is struck (lowered) upon the launching ways when the blocks and wedges on which the keel is supported are driven out and the weight of the ship taken upon the cradle, the bottom of which rests upon, and slides along, the launching ways.
[350] According to the account of the captain of the Peppercorn (Egerton MS. 2100) this was on 30th December. The Peppercorn was launched on 1st January, 'and the great ship the Trade's Increase ... a little removed, but not launched. The 2nd day Tuesday the Trade's Increase was half her length removed but not launched for the dockhead was too narrow for her passage. The 3rd day ... she was launched.'
[351] An account of this tournament is given in Birch, Life of Henry, Prince of Wales, p. 182 et seq.
[352] Satisfaction, content.
[353] Completed with her ornamental work.
[354] The 6th August 1610 was a Monday.
[355] Near Cheam. This Palace was commenced by Henry VIII and pulled down by the Duchess of Cleveland.
[356] 'The Orlopp is no other but the Deck (as we say) the lower Deck, the second Deck, so you may as well say the lower Orlopp, or the second Orlopp: and indeed it is commonly held the proper speech to call them the first Orlopp and the second Orlopp: for this word Orlopp seems to be appropriated only to these two Decks,'—Manwayring, The Seaman's Dictionary.
[357] MS. 'Lyeadger.' The Sieur de la Boderie, then engaged in settling the 'League' or Treaty between the two kingdoms.
[358] A silk stuff.
[359] MS. 'withe.'
[360] A small capstan, placed on the ground.
[361] MS. 'scruses.' Placed at the bow to start the ship.
[362] The 'scavel' was a small spade used for digging clay, etc., as in forming drains. The scavelmen were dockyard labourers whose duty it was to clean and pump out the docks. The name, which disappeared after 1844, probably on the introduction of steam pumping machinery, was no doubt a survival from the time when the 'dock' was formed of piling, wattles, and clay, which was placed round the ship when she had been brought to the shore, or across the mouth of the creek into which she had been hauled, and which had to be dug away in 'opening the dock.'
[363] For an account of this ceremony see Fraser, The Londons of the British Fleet, p. 68.
[364] To inaugurate the use of. (N.E.D.)
[365] Presumably of Deptford Yard, but he may mean Blackwall. She had been undocked at Ratcliff.
[366] The Gore Channel, running between the Kent coast and Margate Hook Sand, west of Birchington.
[367] Thomas; one of the pilots for the river and Downs. The name appears elsewhere as 'Poynett,' 'Punnett,' and 'Poinet.' He signed with a mark 'T.'
[368] On the Essex shore, half-way between London and Gravesend.
[369] Now covered by the extension of Chatham Dockyard northwards.
[370] A Captain of the Navy, commended by Nottingham to Salisbury in 1609 for having taken Harris, the pirate, on the Irish coast and done good service off the West Islands of Scotland (Cal. S.P.D., July 3, 1609).
[371] For the time being.
[372] MS. 'taken.'
[373] It was customary at that period to fire salutes with shotted guns, and accidents from the shot were not infrequent.
[374] A light ship's boat or gig.
[375] Arabella Stuart. Placed in custody after her marriage to William Seymour. She escaped dressed as a man, but was captured in the Straits of Dover and committed to the Tower.
[376] MS. 'Lee.'
[377] Younger brother of Sir Henry Middleton. This was the return from his voyage in the Expedition.
[378] The grant of this post to Bingley was dated 7th May. He was knighted on 10th November.
[379] August: the month is noted in the margin.
[380] Nephew.
[381] W. of Canvey Island.
[382] This word is not in the N.E.D.; it is probably derived from 'heart' or 'hearten,' to acquire more energy. See also [note on p. 106].
[383] MS. 'Shepeway.'
[384] This word is not in the N.E.D., but it evidently means 'to become more dull or calm.' It is used as a transitive verb by Mainwaring in the Seaman's Dictionary, s.v. 'Blowe':—'the heat of the land, which should duller the wind.'
[385] Sheirenasse.
[386] Merhonour.
[387] For an inclusive sum.
[388] Plans, draughts.
[389] I.e. the curves of the timbers which were to form the frame. Each complete 'mould' would give a transverse section of the ship.
[390] Button sailed as 'Admiral' of this expedition in the Resolution, which was lost in the voyage. He was accompanied by the Discovery in which Waymouth and Hudson had made earlier voyages to the same parts.
[391] This use of 'together' in the sense of mutually, from each other, is not illustrated in the N.E.D., but it is evidently cognate to its use in the expressions 'love together,' 'see together' (= meet) of which examples are given.
[392] The burden in 'tons' represents the net wine-carrying capacity of the ship in Bordeaux casks. The 'tonnage' was an additional allowance equal to one-third of this; the 'ton and tonnage' representing the gross burden (see Oppenheim, Administration, pp. 30, 132, 266).
[393] The pirate; subsequently a naval officer; author of the Discourse of the Beginnings, Practices, and Suppression of Pirates, and of The Seaman's Dictionary; knighted 1618. MS. 'Manwaring'; other spellings of the name are Maynwaring, Manwayring, Maynnaring, Mannering.
[394] Gibbons, who was Button's cousin, went in the Resolution as a volunteer. In 1614 he went out again in the Discovery in command, but this voyage proved a complete failure. Button had a very high opinion of him, and so, apparently, had Pett. For an account of the voyages, see Rundall, Narratives of Early Voyages (Hakluyt Soc.), and Christy, Voyages of Foxe and James to the North-west (Hakluyt Soc.).
[395] Presence-chamber.
[396] See [Introduction].
[397] Perhaps Nicholas Pey
[398] Thomas; ship-painter.
[399] Picture, image.
[400] Daughter of the King, married to Frederick, Elector Palatine, subsequently King of Bohemia. Prince Rupert was her third son.
[401] By contract.
[402] Shipbuilders.
[403] St. Stephen's Alley occupied a site near the position of the present Parliament Street, where Charles Street runs into it.
[404] The wharf of that name at Southwark. It lay north-west of the present cathedral (St. Saviour's) which had been the church of the Priory of St. Mary Overy.
[405] I.e. the Prince Royal to be flagship of the fleet.
[406] The Elector Palatine.
[407] 'A strake is the term for a seam betwixt two planks (as the ... ship heels a strake, that is one seam),' Mainwaring (1623). According to Blanckley (1750) the term was applied to 'the uniform ranges of planks on the bottom, decks and sides of the ships.' The ship was not to be heeled over further than would bring the sixth seam, or edge of the sixth plank, above water.
[408] MS. 'Alsbrey.' Mathematician; appointed one of the Commissioners of Inquiry in 1626; Master of the Mint and created baronet in 1627; appointed Surveyor of the Navy in 1628.
[409] At Upnor.
[410] Nimble, quick, ready.
[411] MS. 'pike.' The anchor is a-peak when the cable is heaved in so far as to bring the hawse of the ship right over the anchor, the cable being then perpendicular.
[412] On [p. 94] the wind is spoken of as having 'harted.'
[413] Going round; turning head from wind.
[414] Complete.
[415] I.e. the ship.
[416] The 'furrow' or depression in the ground made by the ship's bottom.
[417] MS. 'to.'
[418] This word, which Pepys transcribes as 'pritly,' is not in the N.E.D., but since it appears to have the same meaning as 'predy' (or 'priddy') which was in use at sea in the seventeenth century for 'make ready' or 'set ... in order,' it is not impossible that it may be a variation of that word.
[419] The ends of the Buxey and Gunfleet sands, where the Spitway leads between them from the East Swin to the Wallet.
[420] Eight and a half miles north of Margate.
[421] The entrance to the Thames, opposite the Queen's Channel; not the English Channel.
[422] Drew ahead or became 'scant.' The use of 'shorten in this sense is rare and unknown to the dictionaries.
[423] MS. 'Blakenborough.' On the Belgian coast.
[424] MS. 'Scone.' A small fort or earthwork.
[425] MS. 'Sluce.'
[426] MS. 'yoathes.' This must be one of the earliest instances of the introduction of the Dutch 'Iacht' into English. The word 'yacht' does not seem to have come into use until after 1660.
[427] Count: Dutch 'Graaf.'
[428] Fort Rammekens, east of Flushing, at the entrance of the channel between Walcheren and South Beveland. Rammekens, Flushing, and Brill were then occupied by English garrisons as 'cautionary towns,' in security for the money lent to the Dutch by Elizabeth.
[429] Campvere, now called Vere, on the north-east side of Walcheren Island, at that time the staple port for Scottish merchants.
[430] On the (then) I. of Cadzand.
[431] Off the Essex coast.
[432] The prison situated near St. Saviour's, Southwark.
[433] Mansell was accused of taking exception to the Commission for Inquiring into the Abuses of the Navy, in a contemptuous and disloyal manner.
[434] 1615.
[435] MS. 'Rawly.'
[436] Mentioned by Ralegh in his testamentary memorandum.
[437] See [note on p. 151].
[438] Politician; degraded 1621. Smiles, Men of Invention and Industry, p. 43, says he was the original of 'Sir Giles Overreach' in Massinger's play, 'A New Way to Pay Old Debts.'
[439] Sic.
[440] 1618; see [Introduction].
[441] A protégé of Northampton and Buckingham. Master of Wardrobe and Court of Wards. Treasurer 1621. Earl of Middlesex 1622. Impeached 1624.
[442] First Governor of the East India Company, member of the Muscovy Company, and Treasurer of the Virginia Company.
[443] Chancellor of the Exchequer 1621. Created Earl of Portland 1633.
[444] Knighted in company with Sutton, Pitt, and Osborne in February 1619.
[445] MS. 'Robert.'
[446] MS. 'Cooke.' Deputy Treasurer of Navy 1591; knighted 1624.
[447] William Pitt; one of the Tellers of Receipt.
[448] MS. 'Worsenam.' Of the East India and Virginia Companies; knighted 1617.
[449] This rank was instituted in 1611 by James I. to raise money for the Crown, the sum to be paid being 1095l. At first certain restrictions as to numbers and conditions were made. The restrictions were gradually withdrawn, and under Charles I. blank patents were put up for sale. The price seems to have fallen as low as 300l. by the end of Charles I.'s reign.
[450] MS. 'Ratcliff'; ancestor of the Earls of Derwentwater.
[451] A Roman Catholic who refused to attend his parish church.
[452] A gentleman pensioner, knighted in 1617.
[453] I.e. the King named them. The names allude to Buckingham's entrance into the Lord High Admiralship and his 'reformation' of the Navy affairs.
[454] Or Cleive (Clive), MS. 'Cleave.' Knighted in 1605.
[455] MS. 'surplage.'
[456] Captain of the Marygold merchantman.
[457] Probably what is now the West Oaze Buoy, about five miles east of the Nore Light.
[458] South-east of the Oaze, on the opposite side of the Oaze Deep.
[459] Cape St. Vincent.
[460] MS. 'Jubellatare.'
[461] See [Introduction].
[462] Stevens was now a master shipwright, associated with Pett at Chatham; see [Introduction].
[463] John Greaves; see [note, p. 55].
[464] John Dearslye.
[465] Robert Bourne, nominated an 'Assistant' in the charter of 1612.
[466] Edward. MS. 'Chandelor.'
[467] The estimate was 994l. 11s. 8d. Coke MSS. (Hist. MSS.), vol. i. p. 130.
[468] Intimation, hint.
[469] See [Introduction].—Steward was in command of the rear squadron in the Cadiz expedition of 1625.
[470] Knighted 1625.
[471] Sir Fulke Greville, created Baron Brooke in 1621.
[472] Whitaker Spit, between the Swin and the entrance to the river Crouch.
[473] Obliged to veer, or go large.
[474] MS. 'Fayrelye.' East of Hastings.
[475] MS. 'Beawlye.'
[476] James, second Marquis of Hamilton, a commissioner for the marriage of Prince Charles to the Infanta.
[477] William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.
[478] Sir John Ramsay, created Earl of Holderness in 1621.
[479] Thomas Erskine, created Earl of Kellie in 1619.
[480] James Hay, created Earl of Carlisle in 1622.
[481] Philip Herbert, created Earl of Montgomery 1605.
[482] Francis Manners, sixth Earl of Rutland.
[483] Drawing ahead suddenly and becoming foul; cf. 'shorten,' [p. 109].
[484] This expression is unknown to the dictionaries, and it is difficult to conjecture its meaning: it may be a synonym for 'bank' or 'shore,' or for 'seaweed,' which would be found in the shallower water near the shore.
[485] N.W. Spain. MS. 'Ortingall.'
[486] Apparently 'bent' was in use at this period in speaking of the tide when it had turned and begun to ebb or flow with full force. Cf. Luke Ward's narrative (1582) in Hakluyt (vol. xi. p. 174): 'Being at anchor, I manned our boat and would have gone aboard the Admiral, but could not, the flood was bent so strong.'
[487] I.e. make way against.
[488] Brother of Sir John Trevor, and a naval officer of distinction; knighted in 1604.
[489] The captain, or commanding officer. 'Commander' as a substantive rank dates only from 1793.
[490] MS 'Gundamar.' Diego Sarmiento d'Acuna, Count of Gondomar. He played an important part in the foreign policy of Great Britain from 1613, when he was sent to England as ambassador to bring James into accord with Spanish policy. It was Gondomar who secured the execution of Ralegh.
[491] MS. 'Sylla.' He means the principal island, St. Mary.
[492] I.e. the ship first beat to windward, tacking two or three times, and then laid her course for the anchorage with the wind on her quarter.
[493] Castle Hugh, near Hugh Town, the capital.
[494] The shoal at the entrance to Spithead, north of St. Helen's.
[495] Gentleman of the Chamber.
[496] The sands along the Kent coast off Sandwich.
[497] The narrow part of the ship's bottom near the stern post.
[498] MS. 'over.'
[499] Duke Christian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He arrived in England on December 20 with letters of recommendation from Elizabeth of Bohemia, whose cause he was championing, and was the guest of the Prince of Wales.
[500] The official residence of the Navy Officers on Chatham Hill.
[501] Bore large, bringing the wind on the beam or quarter.
[502] MS. 'Bullen.'
[503] Dragged their anchors.
[504] Predicament.
[505] John Pyham, Vicar of Chatham.
[506] Designs.
[507] This has been added at the bottom of the page, where it has no connection with the context. In the margin Pett has written, 'Son Joseph died in Ireland this year 1625.'
[508] 12 Dec. 1626. Pett was named last in the list.
[509] I.e. the Great Seal.
[510] Built by the Dutch, but intended for the French Navy. It was captured in the Texel and added to the English Fleet.
[511] One of the four Masters Attendant.
[512] MS. '1637.' 1628 new style.
[513] Treasurer of the Navy.
[514] Knighted in 1634.
[515] Shipbuilders.
[516] The ten Lion's Whelps.
[517] Payments in advance.
[518] MS. 'Redcliff.'
[519] More usually spelt 'Compter': one of the debtors' prisons attached to the Sheriff's Court; the last was abolished in 1854.
[520] The prison on the east side of Farringdon Street, taking its name from the Fleet River; burnt down in 1666 and in 1780; it was abolished in 1842.
[521] Treasurer of the Army, with whom Buckingham was lodging.
[522] Apparently used in the sense of 'unemployed.'
[523] Colonel Sir Thomas Fryer. The circumstances are related in detail by Dr. S. R. Gardiner in his History of England from the Accession of James I., vol. vi. chap. lxv.
[524] I.e. the prison of that name.
[525] Chaussée de Sein, south of Ushant.
[526] Richard, successor to Paul Isackson.
[527] Robert Bertie, created Earl of Lindsey 1626; admiral of the second fleet sent to Rochelle in 1628.
[528] Robert Treswell.
[529] Foliejon on the modern ordnance map. 'Folly' appears to be a local name for a clump of trees on a hill.
[530] Henry Goddard.
[531] Francis Brooke.
[532] John Brooke.
[533] MS. 'Farum.'
[534] The report, signed by Phineas Pett, Jo. Dearslye, Peter Pett, Andrewes Burrell, John Greaves and John Taylor, is preserved (S.P. Dom. Chas. I. clxxvi. 8). Mr. Oppenheim (Administration, p. 297) points out that 'five years later some of the same men turned round with "we positively conclude that there is a worm in that harbour."'
[535] Richard Weston, created Baron Weston in 1628, and Earl of Portland in 1633.
[536] The Lord High Chamberlain was Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey; the Lord Chamberlain was Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, who had succeeded his brother, William.
[537] Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, beheaded 1649.
[538] A prize of 1625 taken into the Navy.
[539] MS. 'Strowde.'
[540] A very late example of this form of the past tense of 'row.'
[541] MS. 'given.'
[542] Deliberately.
[543] Son of Edward Stephens, late Master Shipwright. Imprisoned in 1626 for disrespect to Pett and Trevor.
[544] The passage in italics is wanting in the original MS.
[545] Below.
[546] MS. Ockum. In the Medway.
[547] Kenrick Edisbury, alias Wilkinson, who in 1626 was Paymaster of the Navy, succeeded Sir Thos. Aylesbury as Surveyor of the Navy in December 1632 and died in 1638. Mr. Oppenheim pronounces him 'perhaps the most observant and energetic of the chief officers.'
[548] John Goodwin, Master Attendant at Portsmouth.
[549] Nathaniel Apslyn. In 1626, when Carpenter of the Red Lion, he was recommended by Pett for the post of Assistant Master Shipwright, and was appointed in that capacity at Chatham.
[550] Hawkridge is said to have accompanied Button in the voyage of 1612. In 1619 he was in command of an expedition in search of the North-West Passage which proved a failure. Subsequently he was captured with his ship and cargo, valued at £2000, by the pirates of Algiers and held to ransom. See Christy, Voyages of Foxe and James (Hakluyt Soc.).
[551] Near Wye, on the main road from Ashford to Canterbury.
[552] MS. 'Shorum.'
[553] Nephew.
[554] Master Carpenter of the St. Denis in 1632.
[555] MS. 'Langer.' At the entrance to Harwich harbour.
[556] Old cordage, used for manufacture into brown paper.
[557] Francis Sheldon, Clerk of the Check at Woolwich.
[558] The wife of Thomas Cole, who was one of the witnesses at the Inquiry of 1610 (supra, [p. 57]). Thomas Cole owned the Manor of Woodbridge, which by 1649 came into Peter's possession. See Copinger, Manors of Suffolk, vol. iv. p. 328.
[559] Bailiffs.
[560] See [Introduction].
[561] Edward Boate, Master Shipwright.
[562] Comptroller of the Navy since 1632; son of the Comptroller of the Navy of the same name who died in 1611.
[563] Denis Fleming, Clerk of the Acts.
[564] Edward Sackville, 4th Earl, one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty appointed after the death of Buckingham.
[565] The elder (1589-1655), then Comptroller of the Household and Privy Councillor.
[566] Sir Francis Windebank (1582-1646), joint-Secretary of State with Sir John Coke, 1632.
[567] MS. 'president.'
[568] MS. 'whelles.'
[569] MS. 'Waynstead.' A royal manor.
[570] On the edge of the Maplin, six miles east of Shoeburyness.
[571] MS. 'Burlington.'
[572] MS. 'Whytebye.'
[573] Luke Foxe, the Arctic navigator. He died at Whitby in July.
[574] M.S. 'Stockdone.'
[575] Stockton had fallen into decay during the sixteenth century.
[576] Sic.
[577] MS. 'Chopple.' On the Derwent, six miles south-west of Newcastle.
[578] MS. 'Bramespeth.' On the Wear, four miles south-west of Durham.
[579] MS. 'Duresme.'
[580] Pett's clerk.
[581] Comptroller of Customs for Port of London; one time Secretary of the Council of the North.
[582] MS. 'Tuckesford.'
[583] MS. 'Grantum.'
[584] Charles Lewis, the second son of Frederick and Elizabeth, born in 1617. Frederick had died in 1632.
[585] Prince Rupert.
[586] It was the 9th.
[587] I.e. not moored, having only one anchor down.
[588] Swinging round with the tide.
[589] Obsolete form of 'travailed'; laboured.
[590] Charles Lewis, whom, on [p. 162], he called the Palsgrave. The title of Elector was, however, not formally accorded to him until the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, when the Lower Palatinate was restored.
[591] Apprentice. In 1633 he was recommended by Pett for the post of Master Carpenter of the Charles on the ground that he had wrought upon the same throughout her being built, and was also 'a pretty mariner.' S. P. Dom. Chas. I., ccxxxi. 45.
[592] Became too shallow.
[593] Spring tide.
[594] MS. 'Austyne'; Thomas Austen.
[595] Burning reeds.
[596] MS. 'Grenhyve.'
[597] MS. 'Shevarees.' Marie de Rohan; exiled from France in 1626.
[598] James Stuart, 4th Duke; created Duke of Richmond, 1641.
[599] Married on 7th January. On [p. 171] his wife's father's name is given as 'Etherington'; her Christian name was Mildred. The use of two forenames was practically unknown at this period; evidently she had been married before.
[600] Wife of Christopher Pett.
[601] The south end of the Goodwin Sands.
[602] This word is lost, the margin being torn away; these six words are not in the Harleian copy.
[603] Chatham.
[604] Perhaps intended for 'own.'
[605] At Chatham.
[606] Sion House at Brentford, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland, who had been appointed on 13th April to act for the young Duke of York, declared Lord High Admiral for life at the Council on 18th March.
[607] I.e. of France. Marie de Medicis, widow of Henri IV. and mother of Queen Henrietta Maria; she landed at Harwich on 18th October.
[APPENDICES]
I
Grant to Phineas Pett. 26th April 1604
(In Latin)
[Pat. Roll 1646]
The King[608] to all to whom etc. greeting. Whereas our dearest Sister Elizabeth late deceased Queen of England by her letters patent under the great seal of England bearing date at Westminster the twenty-third day of January in the twenty-sixth year[609] of her reign gave and granted for herself her heirs and successors unto Mathew Baker and John Addey Shipwrights and to the longer liver of either of them among other[610] things a certain annuity or annual rent of twelve pence sterling a day: to have and to receive yearly the said annuity or annual rent of twelve pence sterling a day to the aforesaid Matthew Baker and John Addey and their assigns and to the longer liver of either of them from the Feast of the Nativity of the Lord then last past before the date of the same letters patent during the natural life of the same Mathew Baker and John Addey and the longer liver of either of them from her Treasury and that of her heirs and successors at the Receipt of the Exchequer at Westminster of herself her heirs and successors at the hands of the Treasurer and Chamberlain of her her heirs and successors there for the time in being at the four terms of the year namely at the Feast of the Annunciation of the B.V. Mary of St. John the Baptist of St. Michael the Archangel and of the Nativity of the Lord in equal portions. And whereas also our same dearest Sister Elizabeth by other letters patent under the great seal of England bearing date at Westminster the twenty-ninth day of July in the thirty-second year of her reign[611] gave and granted for herself her heirs and successors to Joseph Pett Shipwright another annuity or annual fee of twelve pence a day of lawful money of England; to have hold and receive unto the same Joseph Pett and his assigns during the natural life of the same Joseph Pett from the Treasury of her her heirs and successors at the Receipt of the Exchequer at Westminster by the hands of the Treasurer and Chamberlain there and from time to time existing, as by the several said letters patent more plainly doth appear. Which said Mathew Baker and John Addey and Joseph Pett to this day remain alive and to this present have and enjoy the said several annuities by virtue of the several letters patent aforesaid. Know ye that we of our special grace and sure knowledge and mere motion also in consideration of the good true and faithful service to us done and hereafter to be done by our beloved and faithful subject Phineas Pett now serving our dearest son Henry Prince of Wales both in the building of the ships of us our heirs and successors and in his attendance on our marine affairs and causes have given and granted and by these presents for ourself our heirs and successors do give and grant to the same Phineas Pett that annuity or annual fee of twelve pence sterling a day of good and lawful money of England out of the two above named annuities whichever first after the date of these presents by death resignation surrender or composition of any one of the aforesaid Mathew Baker and John Addey and Joseph Pett or in any other manner shall have become vacant or determined or shall hereafter become vacant or cease. To have hold enjoy and receive the said annuity or annual fee of twelve pence a day as is in manner aforesaid vacated or determined or shall hereafter determine to the aforesaid Phineas Pett or his assigns for the term of the natural life of the same Phineas immediately from the time at which either of those annuities shall first become vacant or determine as aforesaid from the Treasury of us our heirs and successors at the Receipt of our Exchequer at Westminster by the hands of the Treasurers and Chamberlains of us our heirs and successors there from time to time in being at the four terms of the year namely at the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel the Nativity of the Lord the Annunciation of the B.V. Mary and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist in equal portions to the aforesaid Phineas Pett or his assigns during the natural life of the same Phineas Pett annually to be paid the first payment thereupon commencing at that feast of the aforesaid feasts which first and nearest shall fall after one of the two separate aforesaid annuities of twelve pence a day shall become vacant or determined in the mode and fashion above specified. Although express mention etc. In witness etc. Witness the King[612] at Westminster the 26th day of April.
By writ of Privy Seal.