FOOTNOTES:
[1] Those who have the curiosity to see a more particular account of the Crystallization of Neutral Salts, may read Mr. Rouelle's excellent Memoir on that subject, among those of the Academy of Sciences for 1744.
[2] M. Malouin, however, hath found a way to unite these two metallic substances: but then he does it by the interposition of sulphur; that is, he combines crude Antimony with Mercury. This combination is brought about in the same way that Æthiops Mineral is made; viz. either by fusion, or by trituration only without fire. It resembles the common Æthiops, and M. Malouin calls it Æthiops of Antimony. He observed that Mercury unites with Antimony much more intimately, by melting, than by rubbing them together.
[3] See Mr. Duhamel's Essays on this subject in the Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences.
[4] Mr. Margraaf, an able German Chymist, has made several experiments, which induce him to think that the Acid of Phosphorus is of a particular kind, and different from that of sea-salt. May it not be the Marine Acid, but altered by the union it has contracted with the Phlogiston? Or may it not be, with respect to Phosphorus, what the volatile sulphureous spirit is, with respect to Sulphur? See the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin.
[5] They are much the best, and bear a very fierce heat.
[6] The Marquis de Montalembert, in a Memoir read before the Academy of Sciences, proposes a new method of effecting these evaporations, together with some considerable improvements in the structure and disposition of the buildings necessary for that purpose. They are called by the French Batiments de Graduation; which may properly enough be rendered Brine-houses.
[7] See the Table of Affinities, Column IV.
[8] M. Réaumur hath obliged the public with a treatise on the means of converting Iron into Steel, in which he hath exhausted the subject. Such as desire the amplest and most useful instructions on that part of metallurgy, would do well to consult his Work.
[9] See the Memoirs of the Academy for 1730.
[10] See the Memoir given in by me on this subject to the Academy of Sciences in the Memoires l'Acadamie 1754.
[11] I believe this proposition is not strictly true: for it appears to me, that, in order to make the heat, produced by the simultaneous frictions of an hundred particles, an hundred times more active than that produced by the successive frictions of the same number of particles, it is necessary that the simultaneous frictions should act all together in one point or center; which is impossible. But, as the particles that rub against each other, in the present case, are very near and contiguous, it is still true that the heat, resulting from their simultaneous frictions, is much more active than that produced by successive frictions only: which is sufficient for our present purpose.
[12] These white vapours do not appear when the vessels are perfectly close. Mr. Hellot, to whom we owe the remark, having performed this operation in a crystal retort procured from London, the neck of which had been rubbed with emery in the mouth of its receiver, so that these two vessels fitted each other exactly, saw the ætherial liquor distil pretty fast, but without white vapours. He then loosened the receiver, by turning it a little upon the neck of the retort, so that the external air might get in; whereupon the white vapours appeared immediately. When the receiver was close fitted on again, the vapours disappeared. He repeated the same thing five times from half hour to half hour, and these vapours as often appeared and disappeared.
[13] Mr. Eadows, in a little English book, entitled The Modern Apothecary.
[14] It could not be any longer concealed; for M. Geoffroy having made some experiments on the same subject, without knowing any thing of what M. Boulduc had done, likewise discovered it. See the History of the Academy for 1731, p. 35.
[15] Memoirs of the Academy for 1734, p. 421.
[16] Memoirs of the Academy for 1729.
[17] Mr. Rouelle, whom I have had occasion to mention several times in this work with the honour which he deserves, and with whom I went through a course of Chymistry, when I was a Student in Medicine. It must be observed, to the praise of this ingenious Artist, that he is the first Frenchman that ever gave Courses of Chymistry. In these he explains the operations according to the true and sound Theory of the Science, drawn from the writings of Beccher, Stahl, Juncker, Boyle, Boerhaave, Hoffman, and many other excellent Chymists, whom it would be tedious to mention here, as well as from the Memoirs of the most celebrated Academies, particularly those of the Academy of Sciences at Paris.
[18] Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences for 1712.
Transcriber's Notes
Obvious typographical errors, including missing punctuation have been corrected and hyphenation has been standardised, but variations in spelling in the original have been retained.
Chap. II., Part II., Section I. is wrongly headed Chap. I. in the text. This has been corrected.
A reference to Mr. Fifes, on page 518, could possibly be Mr. Fises.
On page 547 "fit for the use of Surgeons, who apply it to eat away callosities and excrescences, and to open issues." issues has been changed to tissues.
Colophony, 462 has been placed in correct alphabetical order in the index.
Illustrations and Index have been added to the Table of Contents.
In the original the final section "Explanation of the Plates" was a separate section following the plates. The individual explanations have been moved so that they are immediately below the relevant plate.
A text version of Geoffroy's Table has been appended as an alternative to the illustration.