TREATY BETWEEN HANNIBAL AND KING PHILIP V. OF MACEDON
[9.] This is a sworn treaty made between Hannibal, Mago, Preamble of a treaty made between Philip and Hannibal, by envoys sent after the battle of Cannae. Ratified subsequently to March 13, B.C. 215. See Livy, 23, 33-39. Ante 3, [2]. Barmocarus, and such members of the Carthaginian Gerusia as were present, and all Carthaginians serving in his army, on the one part; and Xenophanes, son of Cleomachus of Athens, sent to us by King Philip, as his ambassador, on behalf of himself, the Macedonians, and their allies, on the other part.
The oath is taken in the presence of Zeus, Hera, and Apollo: of the god of the Carthaginians, Hercules, and Iolaus: of Ares, Triton, Poseidon: of the gods that accompany the army, and of the sun, moon, and earth: of rivers, harbours, waters: of all the gods who Gods by whom the oath is taken on either side. rule Carthage: of all the gods who rule Macedonia and the rest of Greece: of all the gods of war that are witnesses to this oath.
Hannibal, general, and all the Carthaginian senators with him, and all Carthaginians serving in his army, Declaration on the part of Hannibal of the objects of the treaty. subject to our mutual consent, proposes to make this sworn treaty of friendship and honourable goodwill. Let us be friends, close allies, and brethren, on the conditions herein following:—
(1) Let the Carthaginians, as supreme, Hannibal their chief general and those serving with him, 1st article sworn to by Philip’s representative. all members of the Carthaginian dominion living under the same laws, as well as the people of Utica, and the cities and tribes subject to Carthage, and their soldiers and allies, and all cities and tribes in Italy, Celt-land, and Liguria, with whom we have a compact of friendship, and with whomsoever in this country we may hereafter form such compact, be supported by King Philip and the Macedonians, and all other Greeks in alliance with them.
(2) On their parts also King Philip and the Macedonians, and such other Greeks as are his allies, 1st article sworn to by Hannibal and the Carthaginians. shall be supported and protected by the Carthaginians now in this army, and by the people of Utica, and by all cities and tribes subject to Carthage, both soldiers and allies, and by all allied cities and tribes in Italy, Celt-land, and Liguria, and by all others in Italy as shall hereafter become allies of the Carthaginians.
(3) We will not make plots against, nor lie in ambush for, each other; but in all sincerity and goodwill, 2d article sworn to by Phillip’s representative. without reserve or secret design, will be enemies to the enemies of the Carthaginians, saving and excepting those kings, cities, and ports with which we have sworn agreements and friendships.
(4) And we, too, will be enemies to the enemies of King Philip, saving and excepting those kings, 2d article sworn to by Hannibal. cities, and tribes, with which we have sworn agreements and friendships.
(5) Ye shall be friends to us in the war in which we now are engaged against the Romans, till such time 3d article sworn to by Philip’s representative. as the gods give us and you the victory: and ye shall assist us in all ways that be needful, and in whatsoever way we may mutually determine.
(6) And when the gods have given us victory in our war with the Romans and their allies, 3d article sworn to by Hannibal. if Hannibal shall deem it right to make terms with the Romans, these terms shall include the same friendship with you, made on these conditions: (1) the Romans not to be allowed to make war on you; (2) not to have power over Corcyra, Apollonia, Epidamnum, Pharos, Dimale, Parthini, nor Atitania; (3) to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his friends now in the dominion of Rome.
(7) If the Romans ever make war on you or on us we will aid each other in such war, according to the 1st joint article. need of either.
(8) So also if any other nation whatever does so, always excepting kings, cities, 2d joint article. and tribes, with whom we have sworn agreements and friendships.
(9) If we decide to take away from, or 3d joint article. Mutual consent required for an alteration. add to this sworn treaty, we will so take away, or add thereto, only as we both may agree....