SOME STATISTICS AND THEIR STORY.
The figures contained in this Appendix, save those for 1908, and in relation to certain financial matters for 1908-9, are drawn from the Statistics for 1908 laid before Parliament this year, but all are official.
GROWTH OF POPULATION.
The population of Queensland, estimated at 28,056 on 31st December, 1860, a little more than a year after separation from New South Wales, more than doubled during the succeeding three years. Thence it again more than doubled in the next eight years, the census of April, 1871, providing a basis for the estimate of 125,146 at the end of that year. Thence to 1882, two years before the close of the quarter-century, the figures had again nearly doubled, the population on 31st December, 1884, reaching 309,913.
Of the number of arrivals in excess of departures there is no record for 1860 or 1861, but of the total increase, 51,509, for the four years ended 1865 the recorded arrivals in excess of departures aggregated 46,422, leaving only 5,087 for excess of births over deaths for the period. In 1866, in spite of the crisis resulting from the Agra and Masterman's Bank failure, there was still an excess of 6,632; but by the next following year the number of such excess had fallen to 917, while the net increase of population in that year was only 3,648.
The census of 1886, the second year of the new quarter-century, showed a total population of 342,614, and the next census five years later 410,330. This marked the end of the "boom" period, and the amount spent on immigration, as compared with 1883 and 1884, was cut down in the next year by nearly three-fourths, or from the maximum of £361,632 in 1883-4 to £91,143 in 1889-90. In 1891 there was severe commercial depression, and by that time arrivals had annually decreased, and departures came very near in numbers to the arrivals. During the next ten years the increase in population, as shown by the census, was 95,614, bringing the total up to 505,944.
Here it may be explained that the intercensus estimates between 1891 and 1901 proved fallacious, for the total number in the latter year was 6,660 less than the estimate had been for two years previously, although the arrivals for the intervening period recorded an excess over departures of 6,389. So that adding to that number the 17,350 increase by excess of births over deaths the population in 1901 would have been shown as 536,343 had the estimates between the censuses been continued on similar lines. The error would therefore have been 30,399 had not the census figures in 1901 enabled an adjustment to be made. Similar over-estimating had occurred previously, it is understood, through many oversea departures not being recorded by those who supplied information to the department. Of late years allowances have been made for unrecorded arrivals and departures in preparing the intercensus returns, and it may be hoped that in future the discrepancies will be less disconcerting than in the past.
The population at the end of the first quarter-century having been 309,913, and on 31st December last year (1908) 558,237, the increase for the period was 248,324. But the second quarter-century does not actually close until 31st December next, when the total population should be approximately 570,000 souls. During the half-century, therefore, the number of people in Queensland as compared with the population in 1859 may be taken to have multiplied by twenty-two. In other words, at the time of separation, a year earlier than the official record begins, the total population was scarcely greater than it now is in several of our provincial cities.
PUBLIC FINANCE.
Public revenue, which began in 1860 with a total of £178,589, reached £2,720,656 in 1884-5, the figures of the natal year being multiplied nearly fifteen times at the close of the quarter-century. The second quarter-century showed continued increase until 1888-9, but the figures of that year were not again reached until 1895-6. They progressed until in 1899-1900, the last year before federation, they reached over 4½ millions sterling, an amount not again realised till 1908-9. In 1901 the State figures were considerably disturbed by the proclamation of the Commonwealth on 1st January. In 1901-2 there was a large apparent decline of £1,053,145, the Commonwealth having taken over the whole of the postal and telegraph revenue and about one-fourth of the Customs. There was also a considerable loss by the discontinuance of State border duties, as well as by the Commonwealth tariff, which took effect in the second quarter of 1901-2, many revenue duties being either sacrificed or lowered in favour of protectionist imposts which only yielded revenue until they excluded imports. By 1908-9, despite the loss of post-telegraph and Customs revenue, the total receipts at the State Treasury formed the half-century record of £4,766,244.
The expenditure on loan account began with the foundation of the colony. At the end of the first quarter-century the public debt amounted to £16,570,850, exclusive of Government Savings Bank and Treasury bills obligations. In the first decade of the second quarter it had almost doubled, standing at the end of 1894 at £30,639,534. By the end of 1900 there had been a further increase of nearly 5 millions, and on 30th June, 1909, it stood at £41,568,827, or at the rate of £74 per head of the estimated population. But the railway net earnings alone of the last two financial years (1907-8 and 1908-9) have provided a mean sum of £884,616 per annum towards the interest charge.
LAND STATISTICS.
In 1860 there were 108,870 acres of land alienated in Queensland. In 1872 the area exceeded 1 million acres, the first quarter-century closing in 1884 with over 7 million acres. The 10-million-acre limit was passed in 1890, and the 15-million-acre limit in 1908, when the total area alienated was 15,108,439 acres.
The cash received at the Treasury from land sales up to the close of 1884 was over 4¾ millions, and at the close of 1908 exceeded 8½ millions sterling. In process of alienation there were then over 6 million acres. For the last ten years the total area leased or otherwise in occupation has been recorded. In 1899 the area thus occupied was 296½ million acres, and in 1906 only 247 million acres. Since then there has been some recovery in this respect, the total occupied area of Crown lands being now 273,180,864 acres. The unoccupied area in 1899 was over 131¼ million acres, and in 1902 only 121½ million acres. Since then there has been both an increase and a decrease, the area unoccupied in 1908 being almost 135 million acres, equal to nearly one-third of the total area of the State. This unoccupied land consists largely of rangy and waterless country, but a not inconsiderable area would be occupiable were water and transport facilities provided, and much of it is in what the geologists have delimited as the artesian area.
LIVE STOCK.
In 1860 the number of live stock in Queensland totalled—Horses, 23,504; cattle, 432,890; sheep, 3,449,350; pigs, 7,147. There was an almost continual yearly increase in horses until 1902, when drought reduced the number by 62,997, or at the rate of about 14 per cent. Not until 1907 was this loss recovered, when the total number of horses stood at 488,486, the number being still further increased in 1908 to 519,969. There was an almost uninterrupted increase of cattle until 1882, when the total exceeded 4¼ millions. At the close of the quarter-century the number was 4,266,172. In 1885 and 1886, owing to a drought, there was again a small decline in cattle numbers, but from that time there was a continued increase until 1894, when the total of 7 millions was recorded. But droughts and the tick pest had cut them down to less than 2½ millions in 1903. In 1908 the number had recovered to 4,321,600. The enlarged Australian consumption has been a factor in the shrinkage of numbers, but the large increase in prices fully compensated the owners for the diminished numbers of their herds. The increased price of wool during recent years renders the same remark applicable to the sheep-owners of the State; and it may be said generally that the pastoral industry was never in a more flourishing condition.
Sheep, which totalled fewer than 3½ millions in 1860, reached 7¼ millions in 1866, and 9 millions two years later. Thence till 1878 there was a series of fluctuations which brought the total in that year below 6 millions. But in 1882 the number had vaulted to over 12 millions, after which there was a descent to a little more than 9¼ millions at the close of the quarter-century. The year 1885 closed with a further decrease, but by 1887 the number had increased to nearly 13 millions. Three years later it reached 18 millions, and in 1892 it touched the record of nearly 21¾ millions. By 1900, which had been preceded by bad seasons, the number of sheep had dropped to 10⅓ millions, and in the second year of the twentieth century the low-water mark of less than 7¼ millions was touched. Since then there has been a rapid increase, and the numbers in 1908 had recovered to 18,348,851, or within 3,359,459 of the record number of seventeen years ago. It must be mentioned that, while scanty rainfall on the Western pastures was accountable for much of the depletion in stock numbers, overstocking and absence of possible provision for bad seasons had much to do with the losses incurred. However, the second quarter-century will close with flocks in number almost equal to those of 1892, and with fleeces immensely more valuable than the pastures then carried, and the stock-carrying capacity of the country has also been much increased by fencing, water conservation, and artesian wells.
Pigs are also becoming a valuable asset of the Queensland dairy farmer. In 1860 they numbered 7,147; at the close of the quarter-century, 51,796; and in December, 1908, 124,749.
HAULING TIMBER, BARRON RIVER, NORTH QUEENSLAND
DAIRYING.
The phenomenal growth of the dairying industry is shown by the table headed "Dairying." It shows that, whereas in 1860 10,400 lb. butter were imported and 450 lb. exported, in 1908 there were 23,838,357 lb. made, 13,752,118 lb. exported, and only 201,924 lb. imported. Even in 1896 Queensland could hardly be accounted a butter-exporting country, when the shipments were only 13,942 lb., the imports 1,003,680 lb., and the quantity made 6,164,240 lb., for in that year the excess of imports was 989,738 lb.; while in 1908 the excess of exports was 13,550,194 lb., or more than a moiety of the amount manufactured. Of cheese, in 1896 the quantity made was 1,921,404 lb., whereas in 1908 it had increased to 3,199,510 lb., and the amount exported was 732,090 lb., the excess of exports over imports being 685,629 lb. Twenty-five years ago the excess of imports over exports was 1,068,033 lb., which meant that there were practically no exports. Even in 1896 the cheese exported totalled only 8,505 lb. It is evident that the dairying industry in Queensland is yet only in its youth, and that in another quarter of a century the exports of both cheese and butter will have increased enormously.
SUGAR PRODUCTION.
Sugar first appears as a Queensland export in 1870, the quantity being, however, only 26 cwt. By 1879 the quantity had reached 206,269 cwt., the quarter-century closing in 1884 with 368,626 cwt., valued at £454,759. But these figures do not represent the quantity of sugar manufactured, the total in 1884 being given at 33,361 tons, the export being 18,431 tons. In 1885 the export, as compared with the previous year, increased by 58½ per cent. in value. In 1888 the value declined to £384,375, or by more than one-half as compared with 1886. Thence for many years there was a fluctuating export, a drop to £681,038 in 1897 being followed by a jump to £1,329,876 in 1898. Two years later there was a heavy fall to £669,389 worth; then two years' progression followed by a fall to £646,875 in 1903. In 1904, owing to the Commonwealth bounty and good seasons, there was a recovery to £1,257,815, followed by substantial progression each following year, till 1907, when the record export of £1,779,624 was made. In 1908, owing to abnormal frosts, there was a decline to £1,482,320.
The quantity of sugar made of course showed corresponding fluctuations. In 1896 the 100,000-ton limit of manufacture was for the first time passed. It was followed by a slight drop in the following year, but in 1898 the record to that date in manufacture, as well as in export, was made, the product of the mills reaching the high figure of 163,734 tons. After that year there was a fluctuating decline in manufacture to the minimum of 76,626 tons in 1902, the great drought year; but there was an improvement in 1903, and in 1905 152,722 tons were manufactured, the two following years being very close together with a mean production of 186,342 tons. In 1908 the sugar manufactured was 151,098 tons, a decrease, through frost, of 37,209 tons for the year. In glancing through the figures not only will the effects of good and bad seasons be recognised, but also of the suspension of kanaka labour importation in 1888, its revival in 1890, and the payment of the Commonwealth bounty during the last five years.
MINERAL PRODUCTION.
When in 1866 railway construction suddenly ceased, both on the Southern and Central (then called the Northern) lines, there was general distress, mitigated shortly afterwards by the discovery of gold at the Crocodile Field, near Rockhampton; and in 1867 by the opening up of the Gympie Goldfield. The first important discovery of gold, however, had been on the Peak Downs in 1862, after which the production of that metal advanced from 2,783 oz. in 1863 to 15,660 oz. in 1864, slightly in excess of which level it remained for the next two years. The gold raised then jumped to 35,581 oz. in 1867, and to 111,589 oz. in 1868. During the next two years the production dropped by about 19,000 oz., but it recovered to 115,986 oz. in 1871. In 1874 it made another big jump to 254,959 oz., owing to the discoveries at the Palmer, Charters Towers, and elsewhere in the North. This volume of production was rather more than maintained during the next two years, after which there was a fluctuating annual diminution until 1887, when there was a recovery to 348,890 oz. For seven years of the first quarter-century the value of gold won exceeded a million sterling per annum, high-water mark being touched in 1875—a year of heavy rainfall and abundant water—with a gold yield of £1,196,583.
In gold production the second quarter-century opened well with a total of 250,137 oz., and this yield for 1885 was followed by continuous progression until 1889, when the total of 634,605 oz., valued at £2,695,629, was reached. Thence for seven years there was a fluctuating decline, the minimum of 477,976 oz. being touched in 1891. From that year there was a gradual recovery until in 1898 647,487 oz. was reached, the record being made with 676,027 oz. in the last year of the century. Since then there has been a continuous annual decline until the total gold raised in 1908 had fallen to 465,085 oz., which is rather less than half the quantity declared to be exported in 1898 and 1903. But the export and production figures of course differ, the former being the actual weight exported in the year, which may be less or more than the production. Moreover, the production figures are stated in fine ounces, so that the difference between gold won and exported is considerably less than the figures would at first sight indicate.
Of copper the recorded quantity produced in 1860 was only one ton, valued at £50; but two years later the value reached £10,332 through the discovery of the Peak Downs mines. The two following years showed an almost entire cessation of export, although some £90,000 worth had been won. In 1865 the value of copper produced was £58,440. Thence there was fluctuating progression until 1871, when the value rose to £174,300, with a further rise to £196,000 in 1872. Declension followed until in 1882 the production had dropped to £14,982, the quarter-century closing in 1884 with a total of £30,872 worth. The explanation is that during the period there was practically only one copper mine at work in Queensland, and that in 1871 the policy was commenced of smelting all the richer ores and paying the highest possible dividends. In one year an amount of about £300,000, equal to the total capital of the company, was distributed, and shortly afterwards the mine was closed for want of remunerative ore. Had money been freely spent in exploration, as at the Mount Morgan Gold Mine, and only moderate dividends paid to the shareholders, it is believed that the life of the Peak Downs Copper Mine would have been indefinitely prolonged.
During sixteen years of the second quarter-century copper mining languished, the highest production in any one year being valued at £20,340, while in 1891 the lowest descended to £865. In 1901, however, through the opening of the Chillagoe mine, the production rose to £194,227 worth; by 1906 it had continuously ascended to £916,546, and in 1907 to £1,028,179. In 1908 there was a phenomenal decline in production value, owing to the low price obtainable for copper, the total being stated at £882,901.
The first production of tin is recorded in 1872, when the yield was valued at £109,816, through the discovery of stream tin in the Severn River district of Queensland. The record year for tin production of the half-century was in 1873, when the value raised was £606,184. Thence there was a fluctuating decline in output till 1884, which closed with £130,460 worth for the year.
In the second quarter-century there was a fluctuating diminution of production, till in 1898 it was only worth £36,502. After that date there was a continuous improvement, the figures reached in 1907 being £496,766. The tin won in 1908 was declared to be of the value of only £342,191, the reduction arising chiefly from lowered market prices.
The coal raised in Queensland in 1860 was only 12,327 tons; in 1884 120,727 tons were raised; and in 1908 the production was 696,332 tons, valued at £244,922.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
The imports into Queensland in 1860 were of the declared value of £742,023; at the close of the first quarter-century they exceeded 6¼ millions a year; in 1900 they exceeded 7 millions; in 1908 they totalled nearly 9½ millions.
The declared value of exports totalled a little more than half a million in 1860; the first quarter-century closed in 1884 with a total of under 4¾ millions. In 1889 the value was slightly under 7¾ millions, and in 1908 it reached over 14 millions. During the last quarter-century the exports have trebled in value, while the imports have increased by only about 48·4 per cent. These figures indicate that the State is rapidly liquidating its external indebtedness on private account, whatever may be the increase in public loan obligations.
RAILWAYS.
Railways form a very gratifying asset. In 1865 there were only twenty-one miles open for traffic, and they yielded no net revenue. In 1884 there were 1,207 miles open, of which the net earnings were £273,096. In 1898 2,742 miles open had £534,992 of net earnings. In 1901 there were 2,801 miles open, with net earnings of £223,853 only, the cause being the historic drought of the period. Since then there has been a rapid increase in both traffic and profit, the net earnings of 3,498 miles in 1908-9 having been £885,622. These figures afford complete justification for a policy of vigorous construction, for they show that the capital invested in our railways, £25,183,529, earned £3 10s. 4d. per cent. in 1907-8. In 1908-9 the net earnings were £883,610, the return on capital invested being £3 7s. 6d. per cent.
With the object of supplying the latest official data, the Government Statistician, Mr. Thornhill Weedon, has compiled the following tables, which practically divide the half-century into four equal periods. It must be borne in mind that, except under the heading "Finance," the statistics are for the calendar year and not for the financial year, which closes on 30th June:—
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS.
VITAL STATISTICS.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| No.Births | 1,236 | 5,265 | 10,679 | 14,017 | 14,828 |
| No.Marriages | 278 | 1,125 | 2,661 | 2,823 | 4,009 |
| No. Deaths | 478 | 1,936 | 6,861 | 5,645 | 5,680 |
| No.Population, State | 28,056 | 133,553 | 309,913 | 472,179 | 558,237 |
| No.Population, Brisbane[a] | 6,051 | 15,002 | 23,001 | 110,554 | 137,670 |
[Footnote a:] The area in 1860, 1872, and 1884 is not quite the same as that in 1896 and 1908, but the population quoted is fairly representative.
FINANCE.
| Financial Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1883-4. | 1895-6. | 1907-8.[b] | |
| Revenue— | |||||
| £ From Customs and Excise | 59,210 | 419,853 | 900,916 | 1,361,212 | 1,498,131 |
| £ From other sources | 119,379 | 576,471 | 1,665,442 | 2,280,371 | 3,953,501 |
| £ Total Revenue | 178,589 | 996,324 | 2,566,358 | 3,641,583 | 5,451,632 |
| £Expenditure— | |||||
| £ From Revenue | 161,503 | 865,743 | 2,532,045 | 3,567,947 | 5,336,330 |
| £ From Loan | 19,384 | 156,424 | 1,665,823 | 592,158 | 1,033,676 |
[Footnote b:] The figures for 1907-8 include both Federal and State collections and disbursements on Queensland account.
BANKING.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Banking Companies— | 574,661 | 2,200,346 | 11,155,423 | 18,850,945 | 19,122,646 |
| £ Assets | 490,861 | 1,489,515 | 9,338,716 | 15,481,960 | 14,698,195 |
| £ Advances | 332,173 | 1,842,848 | 7,662,543 | 11,346,303 | 16,072,757 |
| £ Liabilities | 286,917 | 1,590,283 | 6,322,025 | 10,879,640 | 15,440,427 |
| £ Deposits | |||||
| Savings Bank— | |||||
| No. Depositors | 163 | 8,121 | 33,067 | 58,226 | 100,324 |
| £ Amount to credit at end of year | 7,545 | 466,754 | 1,220,614 | 2,329,381 | 4,921,881 |
CROWN LANDS.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| AcresArea Alienated | 108,870 | 1,069,208 | 7,099,275 | 12,850,843 | 15,108,439 |
| AcresIn Process of Alienation | ... | ... | ... | 1,776,034 | 6,200,930 |
| AcresLeased or otherwise occupied | 41,027,200 | 123,737,093 | 316,113,760 | 254,787,200 | 273,180,864 |
| AcresNot occupied | 387,983,930 | 304,313,699 | 105,906,965 | 159,705,923 | 134,629,767 |
LIVE STOCK.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Horses | 23,504 | 92,798 | 253,116 | 452,207 | 519,969 |
| Cattle | 432,890 | 1,200,992 | 4,266,172 | 6,507,377 | 4,321,600 |
| Sheep | 3,449,350 | 6,687,907 | 9,308,911 | 19,593,696 | 18,348,851 |
| Pigs | 7,147 | 35,732 | 51,796 | 97,434 | 124,749 |
DAIRYING.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Butter— | |||||
| Lb. Made | ... | ... | ... | 6,164,240 | 23,838,357 |
| Lb. Imported | 10,400 | 454,698 | 1,271,964 | 1,003,680 | 201,924 |
| Lb. Exported | 450 | 1,310 | 12,724 | 13,942 | 13,752,118 |
| Lb. Excess of Imports | 9,950 | 453,388 | 1,259,240 | 989,738 | ... |
| Lb. Excess of Exports | ... | ... | ... | ... | 13,550,194 |
| Per Lb. Estimated Wholesale Price of Butter | 1s. 11¼d. | 9½d. | 11d. | 10d. | 10¾d. |
| Cheese— | |||||
| Lb. Made | ... | ... | ... | 1,921,404 | 3,199,510 |
| Lb. Imported | 1,559 | lb.186,916 | 1,069,620 | 77,275 | 46,464 |
| Lb. Exported | 247 | lb.20 | 1,587 | 8,505 | 732,093 |
| Lb. Excess of Imports | 1,312 | lb.186,896 | 1,068,033 | 68,770 | ... |
| Lb. Excess of Exports | ... | ... | ... | ... | 685,629 |
AGRICULTURE.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| AcresTotal Area Cropped | 3,838 | 62,491 | 187,381 | 322,678 | 535,900 |
| AcresWheat, Area for Grain | 196 | 3,661 | 11,389 | 34,670 | 80,898 |
| BushelsWheat, Result of Crop | ... | 78,734 | 195,727 | 601,254 | 1,202,799 |
| AcresMaize, Area for Grain | 1,526 | 21,143 | 61,064 | 115,715 | 127,655 |
| BushelsMaize, Result of Crop | ... | ... | 1,312,939 | 3,065,333 | 2,767,600 |
| AcresEnglish Potatoes, area | 333 | 2,837 | 3,775 | 7,672 | 6,227 |
| TonsEnglish Potatoes, Result of Crop | ... | ... | 6,834 | 18,451 | 11,550 |
| AcresSugar-cane, Area Cut | ... | 5,018 | 29,930 | 66,640 | 92,219 |
| TonsSugar-cane, Result of Crop, Cane | ... | ... | ... | ... | 1,433,315 |
| TonsSugar-cane, Result of Crop, Sugar Made | ... | 6,266 | 33,361 | 100,774 | 151,098 |
MINING.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Oz.Gold raised in Queensland | 2,738 | 124,163 | 250,127 | 502,146 | 465,085 |
| £ | 11,631 | 537,365 | 1,062,471 | 2,132,979 | 1,975,554 |
| £Silver raised in Queensland | ... | ... | 35,327 | 32,162 | 117,889 |
| TonsCopper raised in Queensland | 1 | 2,448 | 1,653 | 580 | 14,698 |
| £ | 50 | 196,000 | 30,872 | 21,042 | 882,901 |
| TonsTin raised in Queensland | ... | 1,407 | 3,383 | 1,554 | 4,826 |
| £ | ... | 109,816 | 130,460 | 49,018 | 342,191 |
| TonsCoal raised in Queensland | 12,327 | 27,727 | 120,727 | 371,390 | 696,332 |
| £ | 9,244 | 16,120 | 60,025 | 154,987 | 244,922 |
| £All other in Queensland | ... | ... | 6,469 | 30,440 | 281,030 |
| £ Total | 20,925 | 849,301 | 1,325,624 | 2,420,628 | 3,844,487 |
SECONDARY PRODUCTION.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| No.Factories | 13 | 593 | 955 | 1,332 | 1,481 |
| No. Hands Employed | ... | ... | ... | 19,733 | 29,510 |
| £ Plant and Machinery | ... | ... | ... | 6,145,548 | 4,484,340 |
| £ Output | ... | ... | ... | 6,482,824 | 11,242,437 |
| Lb. Leather | ... | 427,168 | 2,221,856 | 3,324,832 | [(a)]152,611 |
| Lb. Butter | ... | ... | ... | 6,164,240 | 23,838,357 |
| Lb. Cheese | ... | ... | ... | 1,921,404 | 3,199,510 |
| Lb. Bacon and Hams | ... | ... | ... | 5,108,726 | 11,324,323 |
| Lb. Meat, Cured | ... | ... | 4,283,024 | 69,442,447 | 50,418,522 |
| Super. Ft. Timber, Sawn | ... | ... | ... | 22,309,900 | 100,759,016 |
[Footnote a:] Now collected on sides.
IMPORTS.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| £Apparel, including Boots and Shoes | 32,701 | 113,371 | 318,910 | 232,077 | 552,071 |
| £Linen, Drapery, and Haberdashery | 154,454 | 293,155 | 742,357 | 806,638 | 1,233,776 |
| £Wine, Beer, and Spirits | 66,909 | 177,601 | 394,764 | 247,259 | 325,484 |
| £Tobacco, Cigar, &c. | 17,727 | 30,659 | 78,093 | 74,501 | 204,131 |
| £Wheat, Flour, Biscuits, &c. | 95,318 | 208,447 | 383,504 | 555,460 | 483,794 |
| £Other Grain and Products thereof | 4,867 | 42,991 | 197,929 | 118,968 | 202,549 |
| £Potatoes and Onions | 3,410 | 15,789 | 77,897 | 104,233 | 147,584 |
| £Green Fruit, Jams, and Jellies | 3,487 | 27,755 | 118,309 | 73,184 | 175,967 |
| £Hardware, Machinery, Metals, and Metal Goods | 63,622 | 217,659 | 1,019,374 | 766,217 | 1,661,999 |
| £Stationery, Books, Paper, &c. | 16,482 | 26,528 | 148,682 | 135,127 | 220,746 |
| £Kerosene and other Oils | 3,916 | 32,580 | 69,202 | 94,048 | 156,460 |
| £Total all imports | 742,023 | 2,218,717 | 6,381,976 | 5,433,271 | 9,471,166 |
EXPORTS—HOME PRODUCTION.
| Calendar Year. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | ||||
Lb. Wool—Clean Lb. Greasy |
| 12,622,067 5,171,245 | 9,030,701 26,495,276 | 24,479,769 64,012,465 | 23,459,014 66,802,873 | |||
| £ Clean £ Greasy |
| 952,450 217,362 | 682,774 1,206,730 | 1,130,170 1,846,814 | 1,670,664 2,459,190 | |||
| £ Total Value |
| 1,169,812 | 1,889,504 | 2,976,984 | 4,129,854 | |||
| TonsTallow—Quantity |
| 2,890 | 2,623 | 18,554 | 7,292 | |||
| £ Value |
| 100,201 | 76,019 | 337,967 | 197,229 | |||
| £Gold—Value |
| 660,396 | 923,010 | 2,089,166 | 1,941,229 | |||
| £Copper—Value |
| 257,723 | 3,014 | 32,401 | 831,699 | |||
| £Tin—Value | ... | 108,310 | 228,457 | 46,779 | 290,389 | |||
| £Live Stock (Horses, Cattle, Sheep) |
| 366,003 | 572,010 | 859,367 | 1,699,381 | |||
| £Meat (all kinds, including extract) |
| 67,579 | 70,833 | 898,545 | 850,772 | |||
| Cwt.Sugar—Quantity | ... | 23,959 | 368,626 | 1,507,503 | 2,645,333 | |||
| £ Value | ... | 36,833 | 454,759 | 863,080 | 1,482,320 | |||
| £Hides and Skins |
| 93,218 | 109,291 | 449,265 | 421,987 | |||
| £Pearlshell | ... | ... | 94,021 | 94,865 | 49,898 | |||
| £ Total all Exports | 523,477 | 2,998,934 | 4,673,864 | 9,163,726 | 14,194,977 | |||
| FALLS NEAR KILLARNEY | ABORIGINAL TREE CLIMBERS |
INTERCOMMUNICATION.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Railways— | |||||
| Miles Open | ... | 218 | 1,207 | 2,430 | 3,498 |
| No. Passengers | ... | 40,539 | 1,025,552 | 2,462,020 | 6,538,411 |
| £ Cost of Construction | ... | 2,345,385 | 8,631,835 | 17,248,678 | 23,102,158 |
| £ Net Revenue | ... | 18,213 | 273,096 | 424,862 | 806,797 |
| Shipping— | |||||
| No. Inward Vessels | 210 | 522 | 1,042 | 649 | 881 |
| Tonnage | 45,736 | 148,630 | 572,124 | 562,759 | 1,601,107 |
| No. Outward Vessels | 183 | 507 | 1,061 | 645 | 847 |
| Tonnage | 39,503 | 143,380 | 579,988 | 531,289 | 1,563,911 |
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
| Calendar Year. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860. | 1872. | 1884. | 1896. | 1908. | |
| Charitable Institutions— | |||||
| Number | 6 | 21 | 46 | 77 | 107 |
| Persons Relieved | 397 | 2,796 | 11,614 | 19,917 | 28,310 |
| Education— | |||||
| Number of Schools | 41 | 210 | 528 | 957 | 1,104 |
| Scholars on Rolls | 1,890 | 23,728 | 60,701 | 103,733 | 105,436 |
| Average Attendance | ... | ... | ... | ... | 67,309 |
| Public Libraries— | |||||
| Number of Subscribers | 538 | 1,711 | 5,185 | 6,904 | 12,770 |
| Volumes in Libraries | 4,945 | 20,890 | 60,257 | 129,883 | 249,257 |