INDEX

Adherence to sail after adoption of steam, [120], [122]
Admiralty:
Adoption of steam power and iron armour, [146];
builds its first steamer, [89];
attachment to wooden ships, [256];
first iron steamship, [99]
Advance towards Dreadnought gun arrangement, [251]
Advice boats, [59]
Aeroplane v. Submarine, [329];
and warships, [329]
African war canoes, [24]
Alexander the Great’s State visit to Neptune, [289]
Alexandria, Bombardment of, [214] et seq.;
the defences, [215];
British ships’ weight of broadsides, [216];
damage caused by British fire, [217-9];
Egyptian and British losses, [218]
“All-big-gun” one calibre ships (see Dreadnoughts)
All-round fire, [164]
(see Dreadnoughts)
America:
first modern cruisers, [223];
frigates, [60], [105], [124];
navy, [60], [61];
turret-ship’s Atlantic voyage, [188];
warships sold to Europe, [189]
American Civil War:
Atlanta sunk by Weehawken, [134];
Albemarle (Confederate ram) sunk by improvised torpedo boat, [134];
Tennessee (Confederate) designed as ironclad ram, [134];
battle with Union fleet, [135];
David, [136];
Ironsides attacked by, [136];
improvised gunboats, [137];
innovations, [104];
“tinclads,” [137]
(see also Alabama, Merrimac, Monitor)
Ammunition tubes, [174];
hoists, [277]
Ancient Egyptian warships, [2], [3], [4]
Antiquity of naval warfare, [2]
Anti-torpedo boat armament: rate of fire, [304]
“Anti-war shell,” [268]
Arab dhow, [33], [37]
Archers on shipboard, [19];
fighting tops for, [41], [48]
Armour:
Agamemnon (1906) 8-in. armour equal to 12-in. four years earlier, [253];
Hercules’, impenetrable, [159];
value of, proved at Lissa, [157];
concentration of, at sides, [119];
increased thickness, [162];
French, [163];
Warrior, Devastation and Hercules compared, [162], [163];
Inflexible’s, 2 ft. thick, [176];
limit, [176];
belts, [165];
Armstrong-Whitworth competition, [275];
on deflective principle, [242];
targets, [275];
steel and iron compared, [267], [277];
developments, [321];
Rossia’s in Japanese battle, [259];
tests with H.M.S. Ruby, [100];
iron plates superposed, [100];
rolled armour plates for Crimean War, [100];
steel, [20] inches thick, [246];
compound belt, 18 inches thick, [247];
Harveyised steel, [247], [248]
Armour-cased screw frigate, [194]
“Armour-patched” ship, [121]
Armour plate experiments, [183], [266], [268], [269], [270];
“impregnable armour plating,” [269];
Italian experiments at Spezzia, [276]
Armour plates:
Warrior’s costly, [118];
tests, [118];
Black Prince’s, [121];
Glutton’s, [183]
(see Armour and Artillery)
Armoured bow citadel, [148];
bulkheads, [119], [148]
Armoured frigates, [118], [181]
Armoured ships (see also Floating Batteries):
French Emperor decides to use against Russian forts, [109];
French floating batteries, [109], [110];
first iron-clad citadel ship in Europe, [109];
similar floating batteries built by British, [110];
objections to retention of, after Crimean War, [115];
Royal Commission (1858) reports French building four iron-plated ships, [117];
Gloire, battleship, converted to armoured frigate, [117];
Britain’s reply with the Warrior, [118]
Armstrong breech loaders, [148]
Armstrong, Sir W., [274]
Artillery:
Chinese, [35];
firearms introduced into western Europe, [39];
cannon introduced, first used in naval warfare, early guns, method of mounting, chambers for, [40];
brass guns, [48];
heavy Russian at Sinope, [106];
ditto at Sebastopol and Cronstadt, [107];
rivalry between guns and armour, [108];
150-pounders, [300]-pounders, [152];
12½-ton gun, [158];
80-ton gun, [176];
100-ton guns, [178];
111-ton guns, [245];
12-inch guns, [247], [277], [282], [283];
13½-inch guns, [247];
15-inch guns, [282];
6-inch quick firers, [247];
quick firers introduced, [274];
breech loaders, [148], [244], [265], [270], [271], [275], [269];
hydraulic machinery, [171], [174];
loading by machinery, [174], [278-81];
guns loaded at any elevation, [278-81];
rifling: polygonal, [274];
increasing twist, [274];
difficulties attending, [265], [270], [274], [275];
Whitworth rifled gun, [267];
Whitworth hexagonal, [171];
windage, [265], [274];
cast-iron rifled guns, [265];
wrought-iron rifled guns, [265];
steel rifled guns, [265], [266];
malleable iron gun, [266];
smoothbores rifled, [275];
uniform rifling, [283];
Bessemer steel guns, [266];
steel tubes, [266];
steel guns adopted for the Navy, [266];
muzzle-loading rifled gun, [176];
competitive experiments with Armstrong and Whitworth guns, [267], [275];
Whitworth gun range, [268];
British Government declines competition between muzzle loader and Whitworth breech loader, [269];
pivoted guns, [126], [175], [273];
Armstrong-Woolwich gun, [164], [153], [271], [272];
Dahlgren, [126], [131], [189], [190];
adapted to Paixhan system of shell firing, [126];
Hontoria, [227];
Stockton-Ericsson, [128], [139];
Parrott, [137];
Paixhan, [110], [126];
Rodman, [159], [190], [269], [270];
Mackay, [270];
Fraser’s cheap construction muzzle-loading, [271];
French and English methods of working big guns, [277-8];
manufacture, [282];
underwater guns, [292];
columbiads, [292-3];
hexagonal bore, [270];
energy, [270], [272];
dimensions, [272-3];
wire guns, [273];
rapid fire, [273], [274], [279];
turntable, [159];
heavy guns in barbettes introduced, [244];
sponsons, [96], [126];
blast, [249];
46-ton wire gun more powerful than 110½-ton gun, [249];
record weight of discharge prior to Dreadnoughts, [177];
Spezzia experiments, [178];
anti-torpedo boat guns, [176], [248];
greater security through breech loading, [280];
superiority of 12-inch gun over those prior to 1906, [252];
range of Dreadnought’s guns, [262];
25-miles range, [268];
length in proportion to calibre, [283]
Assouan (Syene) Expedition, [3]
Australian bark canoe, [23]
Austrian fleet at Lissa, [153]
Auxiliary steam: three-deckers, [105]
Ballingers, [43]
Baltic and Crimean campaigns, [104], [114], [115];
Sea of Azof, [113]
Banked ships, [7]
Barbary pirates, [74]
Barbette ships of high displacement, [248];
freeboard, [247]
Barbettes and turrets, [244]
Barton, Sir Andrew, and family, [49]
Basket-work boats, [6], [15]
Basket-work shields, [6]
Battle between steam fleet and sailing fleet, [106]
Battles:
Acre, [94];
Copenhagen, [64];
“Glorious First of June,” [64];
La Hogue, [59];
La Rochelle, [40];
Lissa, [152];
Ramming at, [153], [155], [157];
Losses, [156];
Migdol, [4];
Min River, [224];
Navarino, [64];
Sinope, [106];
Sluys, [40];
Trafalgar, [64];
Tsushima, [238-9]
(see also Huascar, Merrimac, Monitor, American Civil War, Spanish American War)
Battleship of the future, [328-31]
Battleship-cruisers, [254], [255], [261], [262]
Battleship’s greatest enemy, [285]
Beardmore and Sons, [252]
Beardmore, Mr., on armour progress, [253]
Beginning of the English Navy, [44]
Bellatorium (fighting castle), [20]
Beresford, Lord Charles, and Egyptian gunner, [218]
Bessemer, Sir Henry, [266]
Betts, Hanlon and Hollingsworth, [123]
Bilge keels, [120]
Biremes, Triremes, etc., [7] et seq.
Blakely shells in war, [198]
“Blast” of great guns, [249]
Blockade runners, [141]
Boilers:
Belleville, [260];
watertube and cylindrical in combination, [260]
Bomb vessels, [58]
Boulton and Watt, [89]
Bow armour, [147]
Box or central battery, [119], [121]
Brazil-Paraguay War (1865), [198]
Brazilian gun experiments, [269]
Breastwork monitors, [183]
Breastworks, [164]
Breech-loading guns in European ships, [195]
(see Artillery)
Britain’s first iron screw steamer, [94]
Britain’s reply to United States monitors, [162]
British naval resources, [62], [303]
British Navy begun, [44]
British-built monitors for Holland, [192]
Broadside ironclads, [147], [148], [153]
Broadside or central battery ships, [212]
Broadside ships, [174], [243]
Brooke, Commander, [127]
Brooklyn Navy yard, [104]
Brown, Sir John, [276]
Brunel, I. K., [89]
Buchanan, Commander Franklin, [128]
Built canoes, [30]
Bulkheads:
armoured, [174], [120];
iron-plated, [121]
“Busses,” [20]
Cammell (Sheffield), [179]
Cancelli, [6]
Canet, M., [277]
Cannon, demi-cannon, [74]
Carronades, [75]
Catamarans, [30], [291]
Cavalli, Major, [265]
Cellular double bottoms, [152]
Central armoured citadel, [178]
Central battery, [148], [174], [175], [243]
Central battery and double turret combined, [244]
Central box battery ships in action, [203]
Central hexagonal box battery (Mackrow system), [194]
Cervera, Admiral, [230-2]
Charles II.’s navy, [58]
Chatham Islands catamarans, [30]
Cheeses (Dutch) as cannonballs, [76]
Chili-Peruvian War:
Peruvian fleet, [203];
Chili’s modern ironclads, [203];
how the Chilians fought and lost the Esmeralda, [205];
naval battles of the war, [203-7]
Chilian Revolution:
Rebel Esmeralda (1884), [208];
fight between Blanco Encalada and Almirante Lynch and Almirante Condell, [209-10];
sulking of the Blanco Encalada, [210]
Chinese artillery, [35]
Chinese war junks, [35]
Chino-Japanese War, [234-5]
Cinque ports, [51]
Circular ships, [180]
Citadel, central armoured, [178]
Citadel-ships (see Floating Batteries), [109], [119]
Classifications, [57], [59], [62]
Coal supply for warships, [181], [183], [185]
Coast defence ships, [161], [182]
Cochrane, Admiral, and Chili, [88]
“Cogs,” [43]
Coles, Capt., [146], [150], [160-1]
Combination of central battery and barbettes or turrets, [174]
Commerce destroyers, [256]
Complete protective steel deck, [258]
Composite vessels, [185]
Conning towers, [166]
Contest between guns and armour, [283]
Copper:
fastenings, [62];
sheathing, [256]
Coracles, [15]
Cordite, [273]
Corvettes, [256]
Cost of warships:
Queen Elizabeth’s time, [57];
present day, [250], [251]
Crimean campaign, [104], [114], [115]
Cruisers:
Classified, [255];
duties of, [253];
last British with square sails, [254];
retention of sails advocated, [254];
cruiser-battleships, [254], [255], [261], [262];
in Russo-Japanese War, [254];
great speed of Dreadnought-cruiser, [255];
steel and iron, wood sheathed, [257];
first protected cruiser, [208], [258];
armoured cruisers, [258], [260], [261];
protected cruiser preferred by Admiralty, [258];
protected cruisers, [259];
armoured replace protected cruisers, [260];
“Town” class, [261];
cruisers developed from battleships, [261];
belted cruisers, [261];
powerful Japanese, [263];
fast German, [253]
Crusades, [20]
Culverins and demi-culverins, [74]
Cupola ship, [194]
Danes, [16]
Decked Western vessel (first), [18]
Decks:
nickel steel, [260];
plated, [164], [165];
protective, [146], [164]
Denmark introduces turret system, [151]
Denny (Dumbarton), [310]
Depressible guns, [84]
Destroyers, [285];
why necessary, [305];
requirements, [306];
earliest British, [306];
famous builders, [306];
increasing speed, [306];
first turbine destroyer, [308];
coastal destroyers, [308];
for Australian Commonwealth, [310];
fighting and sea-going qualities, [310];
fuel consumption and range of action, [310];
British and German rival types, [310-1]
Ditchburn and Mare, [94], [99], [118]
“Double-built” ship, [54]
Double canoes, [24], [29]
Double turret and central battery combined, [244]
Dreadnought:
Why designed, [240];
revised gun arrangements, [245];
forerunners of, [251];
hitting power at long range, [252];
Dreadnought cruisers, [262];
how all big gun one-calibre ships came about, [312];
secrecy as to the Dreadnought, [313];
fighting value compared with other types, [313];
absence of secondary armament, [314];
official description, [314-5]-6;
turbines, [316];
radius of action, [316];
officers’ quarters forward, [316];
armament and broadside, [316];
Orion’s armament and broadside, [316];
other super-Dreadnoughts, [317-9];
arrangement of turrets and guns, [319];
other nations adopt the type, [325], [326];
Invincible’s speed, [253], [255]
Dromons built at Southampton, [43]
Dudgeon, J. and W., [148-50]
Dudgeon’s twin screws, [242]
Duels between warships:
Merrimac--Monitor, [128] et seq.;
Alabama--Kearsarge, [141];
Anglo-American, [61];
between armoured and wooden ships, [205], [206]
(see also Huascar, etc., [205-7])
Dug-outs, [21], [24], [29], [32]
Dyak head-hunters’ canoes, [34]
Dynamite gun, [224]
Earlier and later Dreadnoughts compared, [261]
Early four-masted ship, [44], [47]
East India Company, [76], [91]
East Indiamen, [77]
Elder, John, inventor of circular ships, [181]
Elevated platforms, [20]
Elongated shell (Stevens’), [86], [87]
Elswick, [178], [179], [258]
Engagement between fleet and barge, [199]
English and French guns compared, [277]
Ericsson, John, offers Monitor, [128];
and British Admiralty, [92], [131], [138];
guns, [93], [128], [139];
offer to France, [110]
(see also Monitor)
Engines:
Side-lever superseded by direct acting, [101];
American oscillating beam engines, [101];
necessity of placing machinery below the water level, [102], [103];
Penn’s oscillating cylinder, [102];
Maudslay’s double cylinders, [102], [107];
horizontal engines, [103];
Penn’s trunk engines, [103];
supersession of trunks by high-pressure steam, [103];
surface condensation, [104];
compound engines, [104];
cylindrical boilers, [104];
Maudslay’s “Siamese” engine, [98];
improved vertical compound engine, [179];
internal combustion, [304];
turbines, [262], [307], [308]
Eskimo kayak, [23]
Euphrates boats, [6], [15]
Evans, Admiral Robley D., [232]
Extravagant theories, [145]
Fairbairn, [100]
False bows and sterns, [184]
Farragut, Admiral, [134], [135], [139]
Fighting castle, [20]
Figure-head hinged as gun-port, [185]
Fijian canoe, [30]
Firearms introduced by Moors, [39]
First armour-plated ship to enter Pacific, [192]
First automobile torpedo fired in war, [201]
First British warship with Harveyised steel armour, [248]
First Clyde-built steam frigate, [100]
First ironclad built at Hull, [204]
First iron-screw British steamer, [94]
First iron sea-going propeller steamer constructed in United States of America, [123]
First iron warship, [91]
First iron war steamer in action, [91]
First modern protected cruiser, [208]
First protected cruiser, [258]
First sea-going ironclad, [118]
First steam warship to round Cape Horn, [88]
First steel battleship for British Navy, [244]
First twin screw ocean-going ironclad, [150]
First war steamers in battle, [95]
Floating batteries, [109], [110], [111];
armament and sails, [111];
given two screw propellers, [111];
wooden-built and armoured, [112];
iron-built, [112];
French attack on Kinburn forts, [112];
victory of armoured batteries, [112];
armour unpierced, [113];
Admiral Popoff’s floating fortresses, [180]
Floating castle, [175]
Floating hells, [76]
Forced draught invented, [86]
Fore River Co., [311]
Forty-banked ships, [7]
Franco-Prussian War: Fight between gunboats Bouvet and Meteor, [211]
Freeboard, [163];
raised by sunk forecastle, [164];
high, [252]
French and Dutch two-and three-deckers, [57]
French Emperor and Ericsson, [109]
French rifled breech-loading guns, [275]
Frigates, [57], [59], [91], [95]
Fulton, Robert, [82], [291]
Galleys first with guns, [42]
Garrett, [299] (see Submarines)
German warships for Turkey, [74]
Germany’s modern Navy begun, [194]
Gibson’s Report on the Navy (1603), [72]
Gokstad ship, [16]
Grappling irons, [6]
Great ships, [43]
Greater space between decks, [55]
Greek fire, [11], [39], [289]
Greeks as warship builders, [7]
Grenville, Sir Richard, [206]
Griffiths’ propeller, [125], [147]
Gunboats, [241];
shallow river, [90];
in action, [113]
Gun carriages, improvements in, [119], [126] (see Carronades)
Gunfire at Tsushima:
Japanese effective range, [237];
Russians’ shorter range, [238];
proportion of Japanese hits over Russian, [238];
concentration of rapid fire, [238]
Gunfire, modern:
range, rapidity and weight, [322], [323];
discharge, [281];
internal pressure, [281];
Sir Andrew Noble’s experiments, [281]
Gunports: Too near water, [49] higher, [147], [252]
Head-hunters’ war canoes, [26], [31], [34]
Henry V., naval progress under, [43]
High displacement barbette ships, [248]
High freeboard barbette type, [247]
Hogging and sagging, [10]
Howitzers, [189]
Huascar:
Dimensions, armour and armament, [201];
mutiny, [201];
duel with British cruisers Shah and Amethyst, [201], [202];
surrender to Peruvian Government, [202];
re-boilered, [203];
rams and sinks Esmeralda, [205];
nearly torpedoes herself, [204]
Human heads fired from cannon, [73]
Human trophies on war canoes, [25]
Hurricane at Samoa: H.M.S. Calliope’s struggle for the open sea; six American and German warships wrecked, [257]
Iliad catalogue, [2]
Importance of accurate gunfire, [158]
Improvised warships, [114]
(see American Civil War)
Increased range of gunfire, [194]
Indian war canoes, [22]
Infernals, [58]
Internal combustion engines, [304]
Iron armour, [83]
Ironclad, first ship designed, [81]
Ironclad rams in action (see Tennessee, Merrimac, Monitor; also Terribile and Formidabile), [153]
Ironclads, conversion from wooden ships, [146];
first European in action, [152]
Iron-framed vessels, [138]
Iron shipbuilding advocated, [90]
Iron war steamers: H.M.S. Trident, first ever built, [99]
Italian fleet at Lissa, [152]
Japanese:
Junks, [37];
protected galleys, [37];
modern ships:
first ironclad frigate, [233];
first built by Japan, [234]
(see Tsushima)
Kane, Captain, [257]
Keel, steel built, [165]
Kinburn, [108];
problems created by failure of attack, [108];
inauguration of the struggle between guns and armour, [108];
French Emperor favours small ironclads, [109]
King Alfred’s ships, [17]
King Charles’s ships (1633), [55]
Laird, J., [90], [91], [99], [306]
Last British paddle frigate, [97]
Last British single turret ship, [246]
Last British wooden battleship, [116]
Legendary expeditions, [2]
Letters of marque, [48]
Lime dust as missile, [20]
Limit of thickness of iron armour, [176]
Lowering bulwarks, [151], [172]
Low freeboard ships, [160], [244]
Maudslay’s, [98], [102], [116]
Machine guns, [284]
Machines for hurling stones, [39], [40]
Main deck battery divided, [174], [175]
Malay:
Pirates’ dug-outs, [32];
fighting decks, proa, [33]
Mediterranean and Atlantic coast vessels compared, [16]
Merrimac:
Steam frigate, [125];
visit to England, [124];
dimensions, [125];
boilers and engines, [125];
equal of any European vessel, [125];
system of construction, [125];
sail area, [125];
heavy armament, [126];
peculiar gun mountings, [126];
burnt by Federals, [127];
raised, altered and refitted by Confederates, [127];
railway-iron armoured casemate, [127];
her destructive trial trip, [128];
duel with Monitor and gunboats, [128], [131], [132], [133], [137];
scuttled by commander, [133]
Military mast, [166]
Millwall Ironworks, [122]
Modern guns and ships in war, [236]
Modern heavy artillery construction, [282]
Monitor:
Ericsson’s tender, [128];
officials’ interference with plans, [129];
derision and abuse, [129];
change in naval construction inaugurated by, [129];
as ram, [129];
Admiral Porter’s advocacy, [130];
peculiar shape, [131];
narrow escape, [131];
why name chosen, [131];
armament and armour, [131];
duel with Merrimac, [128], [131-3];
steering gear and anchor
out of reach of hostile fire, [133];
lost in rough weather, [133]
Monitor:
in Prussian-Danish War, [151];
coast defence, [182];
double turreted, [151], [153];
craze for, [144]
Mortar boats, [114]
Napier, Sir C., [90]
Napoleon I., proposed rescue from St. Helena, [293]
Naval artillery: Later developments, [273]
Naval corruption, [221]
Necessity of armour protection, [146]
New Georgia canoes, [31]
New Guinea Lakatoi, [29]
New Zealand (Maori) war canoes, [25] et seq.
Noble, Sir A., [281]
Nordenfeldt, Dr., [299]
(see Submarines)
Number of rowers in banked ships, [9]
Oblong iron forts on steam rafts, [199]
Old ships re-armed, [243]
“One-ass power,” [15]
Oscillating paddles, [81]
Outriggers, [24], [25]
Paddles:
Boxes and wheels, objection to, [81], [97];
frigates with, [96], [97], [106];
gunboats in action, [113];
trials against screws, [98];
war steamers with, [95];
war junks with, [35];
sponsons extended to carry cannon, [97]
Palliser, Major, [274]
Palmer’s, [306]
Parodus, [6]
Passengers called on to fight, [77]
Penn, John, and Sons, [103], [178]
Pett, Phineas, [54], [57]
Phœnicians’ connection with Britain, [15];
war galleys, [6]
Pickled human heads, [49]
Pioneer of modern battleship, [244]
Portholes, invention of, [42], [49];
plated ports, [120];
reduced size, [120];
diagonal plates, [125]
Privateers, [140]
Projectiles:
Armour-piercing, [265], [273];
Bessemer steel, [267];
Dutch cheeses, [76];
flat-headed, [268];
human heads, [73];
anti-war shell, [268];
Palliser, [164], [269], [274];
Whitworth, pointed and cylindrical, [274];
studded, [277];
steel, [268];
stone cannon balls, [40];
solid and hollow shot, [126];
resistance of armour to, [322-3];
lead-coated, [274];
velocity, [272];
weight, [274];
elongated shell, [85], [86]
Propellers:
Adjustable, [123];
advantages, [148];
Dudgeon’s, [148];
Ericsson’s screw, [92];
Griffiths’, [125], [147];
Smith’s, [92];
Mangin, [122];
twin screws, [138], [148], [173];
adoption by Admiralty, [150];
first British twin screw ironclad, [150];
twin screw in United States of America, [125]
Proposal to subject Cerberus to gunfire with crew on board, [184], [185]
Protected ships (Japanese), [37]
Queen Elizabeth and Navy, [50], [51];
second embassy to Turkey, [53]
Rafts, [21]
Railway locomotives as marine engines, [106]
Raleigh, Sir Walter, as critic, [55]
Ram, [5], [6], [7], [10], [119], [172], [190], [205]
Ramberges, [44]
Range-finding tower, [259]
Rapid building, [192], [247]
Ratings, [57], [59]
Recessed ports, [150], [172]
Reed, Mr., afterwards Sir E., [195]
Remarkable French ironclads, [190-1]
Rennie, J. and G., [94]
Report on Royal Navy (1552), [50]
Resistance of armour to projectiles, [322-3]
Robinson and Russell, [98], [113]
Russell, Scott, [90], [120]
Russo-Japanese War:
Russian fleet’s departure for the Far East, [236];
British trawlers or Japanese torpedo boats, [236];
Russian fleet’s slow speed, [236];
going to destruction, [236];
Japan’s ships’ superior speed, [237];
Russians reach Japanese waters, [236];
sudden Japanese attack, [237];
Russian ships overloaded and filthy, [237];
Japanese gunnery superior, [237];
Russians defeated in two hours, [237];
Admiral Togo’s objects, incidents of the battle, [239-40]
Russo-Turkish War:
Value of torpedo to Russians, [200];
powerful Turkish fleet, [212];
Turkish ships torpedoed, [212-3];
naval encounter, [214]
Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, [186];
experiments, [187-8]
Sailers converted into steamships, [105]
Sailing warships with attendant steamers, [95], [107]
Sakers, [74]
Samoan war canoe, [26]
Samuda, [194], [233]
“Sappy timbers and rotten planking,” [241]
Scouts, combination of gunboat, cruiser and destroyer, [311];
English and American, [311]
Sea-fights of the Crusades, [14]
Sea-going turret ship, [193]
Secondary armaments, [251], [252], [303]
Semmes, Capt. R., [140]
Seppings, Sir R., [65]
Serpentines, [45]
Seventeenth century cannon, [74]
Screws (see Propellers)
Shark’s-mouth rudders, [149]
Shields of basket work, [6], [15]
Ships Mentioned:
Aaron Manby, [90]
Abyssinia, [183]
Achilles, [172]
Acorn, [310]
Actinaut, [288]
Active (1822), [89]
Admiral Popoff, [180]
Adventure, [60]
Adventure (scout), [311]
Affondatore, [153]
Agamemnon (1853), [105]
Agamemnon (1906), [252], [317]
Agincourt (1865), [122], [167]
Alabama, [141]
Albatross, [185]
Albatross (1899), [306]
Albemarle (Confederate), [134], [286]
Alecto, [98]
Alexander III. (Russian), [238]
Alexandra, [174], [216]
Almirante Cochrane, [203], [296]
Almirante Condell, [209], [210]
Almirante Lynch, [209], [210]
Amethyst, [201]
Amphion (1895), [253]
Antelope (Queen Elizabeth), [52]
Archimedes, [92]
Arethusa (1895), [253]
Ark Royal, [52]
Arrogant, [103]
Arminius, [194]
Ascension (Queen Elizabeth), [53]
Assar-i-Chevket, [214]
Assar-i-Tewfik, [212]
Ataka Maru, [37]
Atlanta (Confederate), [133]
Atlanta (United States), [222]
Audacious, [173]
Avni-Illah, [212]
Azazieh, [212]
Bacchante, [256]
Baltimore (United States), [224], [225], [227]
Bangor (United States), [123]
Barfleur, [260]
Basilisk, [99]
Battle Animal, [5]
Beacon, [216]
Beagle, [310]
Bellerophon (1865), [148], [163], [172]
Bellerophon (1907), [317]
Belier, [163]
Beloved of Amon, [5]
Benbow, [245]
Berenguela (Spanish, 1865), [198]
Birkenhead, [99], [100]
Bittern, [216]
Black Eagle, [102]
Black Galley, [51]
Black Prince (1860), [129], [158]
Black Prince (1904), [261]
Blanco Encalada, [203], [296] et seq.
Bolivar (Venezuelan), [173]
Bombe (1885), [305]
Bonaventure, [52]
Borodino (Russian), [238], [239]
Boston (United States), [222], [227]
Boxer, [306]
Brilliant (36-gun frigate), [60]
Brooklyn (United States, 1862), [140]
Brooklyn (United States, 1895), [233]
Buenos Ayres (Argentine), [263]
Cabral (Brazil), [199]
Caledonia (1794), [64]
Caledonian, [172]
Calliope, [257]
Camperdown, [245]
Canopus, [250], [260]
Captain, [160], [161], [183]
Caracon, [46]
Castilla (Spanish), [227]
Centurion (1897), [248]
Cerberus, [183], [184], [185], [243]
Charleston (United States), [223]
Chesapeake (United States), [60], [61]
Chicago (United States, 1883), [222]
Christopher Spayne, [43]
Collingwood, [317]
Colombo (Brazil), [199]
Colossus (1882), [244]
Colossus (1911), [318], [320]
Columbia (United States), [225]
Comet (1821), [89]
Commerce de Marseilles (French), [63]
Comus, [257]
Concord (Spanish), [228]
Condor, [216]
Congreve (French), [109]
Conqueror (1882), [244]
Conqueror (1911), [262], [318], [319]
Constant Warwick, [57]
Constellation (United States), [60]
Constitution (United States), [60], [61]
Courageux, [58]
Covadonga (Chilian), [197], [205], [206]
Cressy, [261]
Cristobal Colon (Spanish), [232]
Cushing (United States), [224]
Cygnet, [216]
Dandolo (Italian), [152], [177]
Danton (French), [325]
Dantzig (Prussian), [98]
Daring, [306]
Dartford, [261]
David (Confederate), [136], [294]
Decoy, [216]
Delaware (United States), [325]
Demologos, [82]
Desperate, [306]
De Tygre (Dutch), [193]
Devastation (1869), [161] et seq., [176], [243]
Dévastation (French, 1854), [109]
Devonshire, [260]
Diamond (1874), [256]
Dictator, [138]
Dolphin (United States), [222]
Don Antonio de Ulloa (Spain), [229]
Doncaster, [81]
Don Juan (Austrian), [153]
Dover, [93]
Drache (Austrian), [153]
Drake (1902), [260]
Dreadnought (Caledonia), [64]
Dreadnought (Queen Elizabeth), [52]
Dreadnought (turret), [244], [240], [171], [176]
Dreadnought (1906), [240], [313-321]
Druid, [185]
Duilio (Italian), [152], [177]
Duncan, [250], [261]
Dunderberg, [189]
Duke of Wellington, [105]
Dupuy de Lôme, [259]
Dwarf, [94]
“E,” [304]
Edinburgh, [244]
Edward, [47]
Elburkah, [90]
Elizabeth Jones, [52]
Encounter, [103]
Esmeralda (1865), [197]
Esmeralda (1883), [258]
Erebus (1854), [112]
Ernest Renan, [263]
Essex, [60]
Faid Gihaad, [97]
Far East, [150]
Ferdinand Maximilian, [153], [155]
Fingal, [133]
Flora, [148]
Foo-So (Japanese), [233]
Formidabile (Italian), [153]
Formidable, [250]
Foudroyant (French), [109]
Fulton the First, [82]
Furor (Spanish), [232]
Fury, [171]
Gabriel Royal, [49]
Garry Owen, [91]
Gem of the Ocean, [225]
George, [51]
Glatton (1854), [111]
Glatton (1869), [161], [182]
Gibraltar (ex Sumter), [141]
Gloire (French), [117-20]
Glorious in Memphis, [5]
Gorgon, [95]
Goubet, [300]
Grappler, [76]
Grace de Dieu, [44]
Great Britain, [93]
Great Dragon, [17]
Great Eastern, [93]
Great Harry, [44], [45], [46], [47], [50]
Greenock, [101]
Guadeloupe, [91]
Guerriere, [61]
Gymnote, [300]
Habsburg, [153]
Handig Vlug, [241]
Hardy, [274]
Hartford (United States), [136]
Hatteras, [141]
Hebe, [149]
Hebe (French frigate), [96]
Hecate, [90]
Hecla, [90]
Hector (1860), [147], [172]
Heiligerlee (Dutch), [192]
Helicon, [172]
Henry, [57]
Henry Grace de Dieu, [44]
Hercules (1866), [158], [173], [195], [243]
Hercules (1911), [318]
Hibernia (1790), [62]
Holigost, [43]
Holland, [295] et seq.
Holy Ghost, [44]
Hood (1897), [247], [248], [321]
Hornet, [306]
Housatonic, [294]
Huascar, [200] et seq.
Imperieuse (1881), [258]
Inconstant (1869), [181], [257]
Indiana, [232]
Independencia (Peru), [202-206]
Infanta Maria Teresa, [230], [232]
Inflexible (1876), [175-8], [216], [241]
Inflexible (1907), [261]
Invincible, [58]
Invincible (1876), [216]
Invincible (1907), [253]
Iowa, [233]
Iris (1878), [253]
Iron Duke, [173]
Ironsides, [136]
Janus, [306]
Jesus, [43]
Kaifu, [310]
Kaiser (Austrian), [153]
Kaiser Maximilian, [153]
Katahdin, [222]
Katherine, [57]
Katherine Forteless, [50]
Kearsarge, [141]
Kearsarge (second), [225]
Kentucky, [225]
Key-ing, [35]
King Edward VII., [251]
King George (Greek), [194], [212]
Kniaz Suvaroff, [238], [239]
Krokodil, [192]
Kron Prim, [194]
Lady Nancy, [114]
Lave (French), [109]
Leander, [257]
Leicester (galleon), [53]
Leviathan, [58]
Lightning (1823), [89]
Lightning (1876), [302]
Lightning (1894), [306]
Lion (Queen Elizabeth), [52]
Lion (15th century), [49]
Liverpool, [261]
Long Serpent, [18]
Lord Clyde, [147]
Lord Nelson, [314], [317]
Lutfi-Djelil, [213]
Magdala, [183]
Magenta (French), [191]
Magnificent, [248-50], [261]
Mahmoudieh, [212]
Maine (1886), [224], [226], [255]
Majestic, [248-50], [262], [314], [322]
Maori, [310]
Marie de la Cordeliere, [45]
Mary, [173]
Mary Florence, [207], [208]
Mary Rose, [49], [50], [52]
Mastiff, [274]
Megæra, [99]
Merchant Royal, [53]
Mercury (1878), [253]
Mermaid (1842), [94]
Merrimac, [124] et seq.
Messoudiye, [175], [212]
Miantonomoh, [189]
Minos Geraes, [324]
Minin, [179]
Minneapolis, [225]
Minotaur (1865), [122], [147], [148], [158]
Minotaur (1906), [261]
Mohawk, [308]
Moltke, [326]
Monarch (1868), [159-61], [183], [216], [244]
Monarch (1911), [318-20]
Monitor, [92] (see Index)
Monkey, [89]
Mouette (French), [113]
Mrs. Grand, [50]
Mute, [292]
Nahant, [133]
Naugatuck, [137]
Nautilus, [291]
Nemesis, [91]
Neptune, [103]
Neptune (1911), [318-20]
Niger, [99]
Nile, [244], [246], [321]
Nix (Prussian), [113]
Nonpareil, [52]
Northumberland (1865), [122], [147], [148], [243]
Novelty, [92]
Novgorod, [180]
Numancia (1864), [192], [197], [230]
Ocean, [172]
O’Higgins, [208]
Old Ironsides, [61], [136]
Olympia, [227]
Onondaga, [190]
Oquendo, [230]
Oregon, [226], [233]
Orel, [238], [239]
Orion, [317], [318], [321]
Orkanieh, [212]
Osliabya, [239]
Osmanieh, [212]
Pallas (armour plate), [172]
Pallas (36-gun frigate), [60]
Pelayo, [230]
Penelope (1843), [96]
Penelope (1867), [150], [216]
Peter the Great, [179]
Phæton (1897), [254]
Phœnix (British), [95]
Phœnix (Stevens’), [82]
Plongeur, [294]
Pluton, [232]
Powerful, [259]
President (United States), [60]
Prince (Prince Royal), [54]
Princess Royal, [262]
Princeton, [92]
Prinz Eugen, [153]
Quail, [306]
Queen Mary, [262]
Rainbow, [52]
Raleigh, [227]
Ramillies, [292]
Rattler, [98]
Rattlesnake, [305]
Recruit, [113]
Re d’Italia, [152]
Re de Portogallo, [152]
Regent, [45], [49]
Reina Cristina, [227]
Renown (1897), [248], [260]
Research, [172]
Resurgam, [295]
Retribution, [106]
Rhadamanthus, [90]
Rio de Janeiro, [262]
Rising Star, [88]
Roccafortis, [20]
Rochambeau, [189]
Rolf Kraake, [151]
Rossia (1896), [259]
Royal Louis, [58]
Royal Sovereign (1783), [63]
Royal Sovereign (1861), [146], [243]
Royal Sovereign (1897), [247], [248], [321]
Royal William, [94]
Rupert, [244]
Rurik (1894), [259]
Rurik (1906), [259]
Salamander (Austrian), [153]
Salamander (Prussian), [113]
Salamander (1832), [89]
Salem, [311]
Sans Pareil, [245]
Sapphire (1874), [256]
Scorpion, [172]
Scourge (United States), [124]
Sea Devil (Russian), [294]
Seraing, [186]
Shah, [201]
Shannon, [61]
Shannon (1853), [105]
Shenandoah (Confederate), [140], [143]
Ship of Pharaoh, [5]
Simoom, [99]
Skeered-o’-Nothing (United States), [324]
Southfield, [164]
Sovereign, [45], [49]
Sovereign of the Seas, [55]
Speedwell, [51]
Star, [306]
Stromboli, [95], [114]
St. Vincent (1909), [317]
Submarine A1, [296]
Success, [76]
Sultan, [103], [167], [173]
Sumter (Confederate), [140]
Superb (1875), [175], [212], [216], [243]
Superb (1908), [317]
Superbe (French), [58]
Swift, [309]
Swiftsure (Queen Elizabeth), [52]
Tartar, [309]
Taureau, [163], [190]
Temeraire (1876), [174], [216], [244]
Temeraire (1907), [317]
Tennessee (Confederate), [134]
Terribile (Italian), [153]
Terrible (steam frigate), [97]
Terrible (1895), [259]
Terror (1854), [110]
Texas, [224], [225], [233]
The Pitt, [76]
Thetis, [113]
Thunderbolt, [233]
Thunderer (1869), [162], [171], [176]
Thunderer (1911), [318], [319]
Tonnante, [109]
Trafalgar (1886), [246], [321]
Transporter, [298]
Trident, [99]
Trinity, [44]
Trinity Royal, [43]
Triumph (1578), [51], [52]
Triumph (1903), [251]
Trusty (1854), [111]
Tryeright, [51]
Tsushima, [263]
Turbinia, [306]
United States, [60]
Valorous, [97]
Vanguard (1512), [52]
Vanguard (1871), [173]
Vanguard (1909), [317]
Vesta, [214]
Vesuvius, [95]
Vesuvius (United States), [224]
Victoria (Peruvian), [198]
Victoria (Spanish), [230]
Victoria (1859), [116]
Victoria (1887), [245], [246]
Victory, [52]
Ville de Madrid, [198]
Ville de Paris, [62]
Viper, [188]
Virginia, [124]
Vixen, [188]
Vizcaya, [230]
Vladimir, [106]
Von der Tann, [253]
Vulcan, [303]
Wampanoag, [256]
Warrior, [118], [147], [243]
Warspite (1881), [258]
Waterwitch, [186]
Weehawken, [134]
Weser, [113]
Whang-Ho, [35]
Wyvern, [172]
Yarra, [310]
Yorktown, [223]
Ysabel Segunda, [96]
Shortland Island Canoes, [31]
Simms, Lieut.-Commander W. S., U.S.N., [237], [312], [314]
Slaves as rowers, [11]
Sloops, [59]
Solomon Island Canoes, [30], [31]
Ship of 1486-50, [41]
Ship construction:
Longitudinal, [120];
transverse, [120];
longitudinal watertight bulkheads, [171];
brass stern and rudder post, [182];
bracketed frames, [163];
sunk forecastle, [163]
(see Freeboard)
“Ship of the Future,” [193]
Ships with banks of oars, [7]
Siamese native warships, [38]
Soft-ended barbette ships, [244]
Spanish-American War, [227] et seq.:
American Pacific fleet, [227];
Spanish naval force at Manila, [227];
American and Spanish fleets compared, [228];
Battle of Manila Bay, [228-9];
destruction of Spanish fleet, [229];
American Atlantic fleet, [230];
Spanish fleet, [230];
Admiral Cervera’s complaints, [230];
Spanish dash from Santiago; destruction of Spanish fleet, [230-3];
Admiral Sampson’s 4th July present to the nation, [231]
Spanish Armada, [51]
Spur gearing, [98], [101], [103]
Sponsons as gun platforms, [97]
Speed, [202], [236], [237], [238], [239], [253], [302];
rapid firing guns and increased speed, [304];
of destroyers, [306];
with turbines, [308];
objections to high speed, [308];
Invincible and Von der Tann, [254];
former’s speed, how obtained, [255];
speed retarded by marine growths, [257];
importance of, in armoured cruisers, [260];
turbine engines, [262];
length, beam, and speed, [263], [264]
Stanhope, Lord, [87]
Steam rotated circular fort, [86]
Steel:
adopted by United States of America, [222];
protective deck, [146];
supplanting iron, [179], [181];
gradual adoption in warships, [241];
early steel warship, [241];
advantages over iron, [243];
heavy armoured steel ship, [244];
first battleships for British Navy, [244];
single-turreted battleships, [246];
armour 20 inches thick, [246];
Harveyised steel armour introduced in British Navy, [248];
Renown 10-inch armour stronger than Royal Sovereign’s 18-inch armour, [248];
hulls, wood sheathed, [259];
nickel steel armoured deck, [261];
chrome, [276]
Steering gear:
protection, [133], [159];
lack of protection, [153];
first warship with steam steering gear, [123]
Stevens’ floating battery, [83], [84];
ironclad ram, [138]
Stitched canoes, [30];
planks, [21], [28]
Stockton, Commodore R. F., [84], [128]
Superiority of Dreadnoughts over pre-Dreadnoughts, [262]
Swivel guns on paddle steamers, [126]
Symonds, Captain, [173]
Symonds, Sir W., [66]
Submarines:
Hindrance to great speed, [285];
early experiments, [288-90];
diving boat of leather, [289];
friars as inventors, [290];
Abbé Borelli’s experiments, [290];
Bushnell’s American turtle, [291];
Fulton’s Nautilus, [291];
catamarans with floating mines, [291];
Fulton’s Mute, [292];
fatal experiments, [293];
Philipp’s cigar-shaped, [293];
first iron, [293];
Bauer’s submarines, [293];
he visits England and America, [293-4];
Sea Devil sunk, [294];
Davids show possibility of torpedo boats, [295];
Garrett’s Resurgam, [295];
Holland’s boats, [295-6];
adoption by Admiralty, [296];
Classes A to D: dimensions and engines, [297-8];
Japan’s submarines, [298];
steamer sunk to receive them, [298];
steam-engine “bottled-up,” [299];
Nordenfeldts, [299];
first to carry Whitehead torpedo, [299];
Turks and Nordenfeldt, [299];
French experiments with submarines, [300];
periscope, [300], [302];
British submarines’ voyage: England to Hong Kong, [301];
engines for, [301];
“Lake” submarines, [301];
submarine motor tour, [301];
submersibles, [302]
Tahitian Pahi, [30]
Tatnall, Commodore J., [132], [134]
Tatnall, Midshipman Joseph: examination, [221]
Targets (see Armour, Artillery)
Tegethoff, Admiral, [154]
Thames Ironworks, [118], [194]
Thorneycroft’s, [302], [306], [309]
Ting, Chinese Admiral, [234-5]
Togo, Admiral, [237]
Torpedoes:
Spar, [285], [286];
torpedo possibilities compel recognition, [286];
American Civil War, [286];
Whitehead torpedo, [286];
range and speed of modern torpedoes, [287];
torpedo explosives, [288];
steering by “wireless,” [288];
cellular double bottoms as protection against, [152];
employment at Mobile, [139];
French experiments, [151]
Torpedo boats:
Destruction of Albemarle, [134];
British and French experiments, [151];
in Russo-Turkish War, [214];
first British, [302];
parent ships, [303];
guns to repel attack by, [303-4];
internal combustion engines, [304]
Torpedo gunboats, [305]
Torpedo nets, [303]
Torpedo tubes, [177], [249]
Trials of H.M.S. Devastation (1873), [167]
Triple canoes, [29]
Tryon, Admiral Sir George, [245]
“Tumble-home,” [42]
Turret gunboats, [193]
Turret rams, [177]
Turrets:
Double-turreted ocean-going full-rigged ship, [159];
Captain Coles’s system, [146];
revolving, [146];
disposition of, [146-60];
v. broadside system, [151];
double-turreted monitor, [151];
Monarch and Captain, [161];
en echelon, [244];
oval, [277];
pear-shaped, [174];
Popoff’s, [180];
leaky American, [131];
Russian ships, [179];
turrets on spindles, [131], [163];
Captain Coles’s revolving rollers, [163];
superposed turrets, [225];
American twin turret, [225]
Twentieth century ships, [285]
Twin-screw steamer (1805), [81]
Twin screws (see Propellers)
Two-deckers, etc. (see Ratings)
Ulysses’ ships, [1]
Unarmoured ends (see Armour, Concentration of)
United States’ modern navy, [219];
“Antiquated and rotting ships,” [219];
America unprepared for naval war, [219-20];
Navy in 1879, [220];
advisory board, 1881, [222];
steel adopted, [222];
ram Katahdin, [222];
Congress recommendations, [222];
first vessels of new navy, [223];
Europe’s amused interest, [223];
16-knot vessels, Europe’s profound interest, [223];
the White Squadron, [223];
Charleston’s chase of filibusterer Itata, [224];
second-class battleship Texas, [224];
Maine, [224];
dynamite gunship, [224];
first armoured steel torpedo boat, [224];
first modern United States built cruiser, [224];
imported armour, [225];
superimposed turrets, [225];
Maine blown up, [226];
Oregon’s wonderful steaming feat, [226];
inventiveness, [225]
(see also Spanish-American War)
Upper-deck battery, [173]
Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Ltd., [259], [281]
Vikings, [16]
Waling pieces, [10]
War junks with paddle wheels, [35]
Warendorff, Baron, Sweden, [265]
Warships built in private yards, [61], [62]
Warships of the Crimea and Baltic, [105], [106], [115]
Watertight compartments, [121]
West Indiamen, [77]
When to shoot, [73]
White (Cowes), [309]
Whitehead torpedoes, [213]
Whitworth, Sir Joseph, [267], [276]
Windward position (first manœuvre for), [19]
Winslow, Capt., [141]
Wooden walls’ last battles, [64], [139]
Wooden warships converted into ironclads, [146], [147]
Will war be impossible?, [268]
William the Conqueror’s ships, [18]
Yarrow, [303], [306]
Yellow, metal, [268]
Zalinski, Lieut., U.S.N., [224]
Zédé, Gustave, [300]

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