BEERS.

Date.Body-weight.Urine.
Volume. 24 hours.Sp. Gr.Nitrogen.Uric Acid.P₂O₅.
1904kilosc.c.gramsgramgrams
May1461.194010208.230.3301.82
Oct.892010146.400.3741.47
1361.174010268.740.3751.61
1478010248.37
1597010188.900.3741.04
16136510149.09
17129510138.86
18140010137.560.3471.57
2061.1130410148.140.3281.44
21151010127.97
22145010128.260.3381.95
23113010137.86
24106010198.46
25127510158.250.3751.74
26139010147.34
2761.4100010207.500.3441.38
Nov.2161.467010258.72
2292510178.210.3351.28
2358510278.36
2488510238.020.354
2580010267.92
261095102010.77[*]0.3641.53
Jan.561.4111010188.990.324
765010248.150.2781.29
871010207.88
991010238.73
1089010208.010.3271.21
1187510177.51
1248010296.77
1358010238.000.398
1476510228.35
15136010179.22
1661.499010208.79
1783510248.470.354
1878010208.05
1979010228.100.382
Feb.986010238.460.355
1061.485010248.570.226
1161.475010228.550.352
1261.459510268.460.368
1361.464010278.750.425
1460.873010258.280.353
Apr.1861.561010257.69⎫0.365
daily
average
1961.587010209.87⎪
2061.598510198.87⎪
2161.579510248.25⎬
2261.5109010199.02⎪
2361.597010228.44⎪
2461.581010217.30⎭
2561.585010186.94⎫0.691
2661.562010247.11⎪
2845010278.58⎬
2965010259.52⎪
301260101810.20⎪
May1106010178.71⎭
261010258.16
365010228.70
461.587010198.51
561.361010258.31
661.365510268.72⎫0.356
768010258.53⎪
860.849010267.00⎪
961.355010267.59⎬
1070510257.78⎪
1173010258.28⎪
1280010259.36⎭
1671510227.29
1799010186.95
1871510267.81
19845192610.45[†]
2061.51170102011.02[†]
2161.2795102510.02[†]
2283510208.42
2369510259.42
2466010259.82
2570010259.91⎫0.434
2662010268.59⎪
2766510269.53⎬
2861.2960102110.31⎪
2979010239.24⎭
31930102510.44
June185510188.76
285010238.01
386010209.24
461.41145102110.17
559010247.47
651010297.53
762010278.26
898510208.45
9122010208.49
10122010178.28
11171010138.82
1292510177.11
1392010208.01
14109010158.64
1561.591510228.68
Daily average88010218.580.3651.49

[*] Turkey eaten on this day.

[†] On these three days, meat, fish, and eggs were eaten.

On February 9, a nitrogen balance was attempted covering a period of six days, in which there was an exact comparison of the nitrogen income and output. In this balance period it will be observed that the total amount of nitrogen taken in for the six days was 53.108 grams, while the output of nitrogen through the kidneys amounted to 51.07 grams. The nitrogen excreted through the fæces, however, brought the total nitrogen output up to 58.83 grams, thus making a minus balance for the six days of 5.722 grams of nitrogen. During this period the average fuel value of the food per day was 2168 calories. The average daily output of metabolized nitrogen during the period was 8.5 grams, practically identical with the average daily excretion of nitrogen through the kidneys for the entire year, so far as determined. We have here a distinct minus balance, due either to an insufficient amount of proteid food, or an insufficient fuel value.

Tuesday, February 9, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 237.5 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 60 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Macaroni 142 grams, cheese 10.5 grams, bread 71.5 grams, sweet potato 119.5 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 80.7 grams, butter 20 grams, mashed potato 176 grams, string beans 77.5 grams, apple pie 82 grams, milk 250 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal237.5×0.64=1.520grams.
Butter10 + 20 =30.0×0.088=0.026
Sugar35.0×0.00=0.000
Milk60 + 250 + 250 =560.0×0.52=2.912
Coffee210.0×0.10=0.210
Macaroni142.0×0.87=1.235
Cheese10.5×4.45=0.467
Bread71.5 + 80.7 =152.2×1.36=2.069
Sweet potato119.5×0.28=0.334
Mashed potato176.0×0.36=0.633
String beans77.5×0.26=0.201
Apple pie82.0×0.49=0.401
Total nitrogen in food10.008grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.460
Fuel value of the food2094 calories.

Wednesday, February 10, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 299 grams, butter 19 grams, cream 71 grams, sugar 41 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 79 grams, butter 11 grams, boiled potato 155.2 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 56 grams, butter 12 grams, baked beans 100 grams, cranberry sauce 150 grams, sugar 21 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal99.0×0.60=1.794grams.
Butter19 + 11 + 12 =42.0×0.088=0.036
Cream71.0×0.47=0.333
Sugar41 + 21 =62.0×0.00=0.000
Coffee (breakfast)210.0×0.12=0.252
Bread79 + 56 =135.0×1.65=2.227
Boiled potato155.2×0.39=0.605
Milk250.0×0.55=1.375
Baked beans100.0×1.40=1.400
Cranberry sauce150.0×0.04=0.060
Coffee (dinner)210.0×0.11=0.231
Total nitrogen in food8.313grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.570
Fuel value of the food1723 calories.

Thursday, February 11, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 300 grams, cream 71 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 41 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Butter 14 grams, bread 126 grams, boiled sweet potato 205 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 22 grams, butter 7.5 grams, mashed potato 100 grams, sugar 14 grams, milk 250 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal300.0×0.40=1.200grams.
Cream71.0×0.49=0.347
Butter10 + 14 + 7.5 =31.5×0.088=0.027
Sugar41 + 14 =55.0×0.00=0.000
Coffee210.0×0.096=0.201
Bread126 + 22 =148.0×1.75=2.590
Sweet potato205.0×0.31=0.635
Milk250 + 250 =500.0×0.51=2.550
Mashed potato100.0×0.36=0.360
Total nitrogen in food7.910grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.550
Fuel value of the food1979 calories.

Friday, February 12, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 300 grams, butter 10 grams, cream 74 grams, sugar 41 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 86 grams, butter 9 grams, potato 200 grams, sugar 14 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 63 grams, butter 14 grams, mashed potato 150 grams, apple dumpling 136 grams, milk 250 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal300×0.52=1.560grams.
Butter10 + 9 + 14 =33×0.088=0.029
Cream74×0.50=0.370
Sugar41 + 14 =55×0.00=0.000
Coffee210×0.11=0.231
Bread86 + 63 =149×1.71=2.547
Potato200×0.41=0.820
Milk250 + 250 =500×0.48=2.400
Mashed potato150×0.37=0.555
Apple dumpling136×0.72=0.979
Total nitrogen in food9.491grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.460
Fuel value of the food2209 calories.

Saturday, February 13, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 300 grams, butter 12 grams, cream 70 grams, sugar 41 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Bread 80 grams, butter 11 grams, sweet potato 132 grams, sugar 20 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 59.5 grams, mashed potato 175 grams, butter 11 grams, sugar 20 grams, apple pie 141 grams, milk 250 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal300.0×0.43=1.290grams.
Butter12 + 11 + 11 =34.0×0.088=0.029
Cream70.0×0.50=0.350
Sugar41 + 20 + 20 =81.0×0.00=0.000
Coffee210.0×0.11=0.231
Bread80 + 59.5 =139.5×1.64=2.287
Sweet potato132.0×0.37=0.488
Milk250 + 250 =500.0×0.54=2.700
Mashed potato175.0×0.37=0.647
Apple pie141.0×0.43=0.606
Total nitrogen in food8.628grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.750
Fuel value of the food2395 calories.

Sunday, February 14, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 300 grams, butter 16 grams, cream 70 grams, sugar 41 grams, coffee 210 grams.

Lunch.—Baked potato 171 grams, bread 72 grams, butter 15 grams, sugar 21 grams, apple sauce 38 grams, milk 250 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 35.5 grams, butter 13.5 grams, mashed potato 180 grams, sugar 20 grams, chocolate cake 111 grams, ice cream 115 grams, milk 250 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal300.0×0.46=1.380grams.
Butter16 + 15 + 13.5 =44.5×0.088=0.039
Cream70.0×0.50=0.350
Sugar41 + 21 + 20 =82.0×0.00=0.000
Coffee210.0×0.11=0.231
Baked potato171.0×0.41=0.701
Bread72 + 35.5 =107.5×1.75=1.881
Apple sauce38.0×0.029=0.011
Milk250 + 250 =500.0×0.40=2.000
Mashed potato180.0×0.37=0.666
Chocolate cake111.0×0.75=0.832
Ice cream115.0×0.58=0.667
Total nitrogen in food8.758grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.280
Fuel value of the food2610 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—Beers.

Nitrogen
Taken in.		Output.
Nitrogen in Urine.Weight of Fæces (dry).
Feb.910.008grams.8.46grams.
108.3138.5744.7grams.
117.9108.5519.0
129.4918.4630.0
138.6288.7528.0
148.7588.285.0
126.7grams contain
6.13% N.
53.10851.07+7.76grams nitrogen.
53.108grams nitrogen.58.83grams nitrogen.
Nitrogen balance for six days=-5.722grams.
Nitrogen balance per day=-0.953gram.

Average Intake.

Calories per day2168.
Nitrogen per day8.85 grams.

On May 6, a second nitrogen balance was attempted covering a period of seven days, in which, as before, there was an exact comparison of the income and output of nitrogen. In this period of seven days, as shown in the accompanying tables, the fuel value of the food was essentially the same as in the preceding period, but the amount of proteid food was increased to an average intake of 10.10 grams per day. Under these conditions there was a distinct plus balance for the seven days amounting to 2.425 grams, thus showing that with this quantity of nitrogenous food the body was laying on nitrogen to the extent of 0.346 gram per day. The average daily amount of nitrogen metabolized during this period was only 8.18 grams, being quite noticeably below the average daily amount for the year. In other words, the results of this balance period show that with a consumption of food sufficient to yield about 2200 calories per day, the body of this subject needed to metabolize only 8.25 grams of nitrogen per day to more than maintain nitrogen equilibrium. Following are the tables of results:

Friday, May 6, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 345 grams, butter 7 grams, sugar 30 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 180 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 67 grams, potato 71 grams, corn 179 grams, pie 133 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Biscuit 75 grams, butter 11 grams, potato 106 grams, cake 52 grams, apricots 75 grams, milk 230 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal345×0.40=1.380grams.
Butter7 + 11 =18×0.11=0.020
Sugar30×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 200 + 230 =530×0.54=2.862
Coffee180×0.14=0.252
Bread67×1.39=0.931
Potato (dinner)71×0.52=0.369
Corn179×0.44=0.788
Pie133×0.54=0.718
Biscuit75×1.21=0.908
Potato (supper)106×0.36=0.382
Cake52×0.90=0.468
Apricots75×0.21=0.158
Total nitrogen in food9.236grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.720
Fuel value of the food2080 calories.

Saturday, May 7, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 382 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 30 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 93 grams, potato 67 grams, rice pudding 141 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Bread 67 grams, butter 13 grams, potato salad 122 grams, milk 240 grams, coffee 120 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal382×0.41=1.566grams.
Milk100 + 200 + 240 =540×0.54=2.916
Coffee (breakfast)185×0.13=0.241
Butter10 + 13 =23×0.11=0.025
Sugar30×0.00=0.000
Bread93 + 67 =160×1.33=2.128
Potato67×0.56=0.375
Rice pudding141×0.76=1.072
Potato salad122×0.35=0.427
Coffee (supper)120×0.15=0.180
Total nitrogen in food8.930grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.530
Fuel value of the food1714 calories.

Sunday, May 8, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 386 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams.

Dinner.—Rice and chicken gravy 178 grams, boiled onions 136 grams, chocolate pudding 141 grams, milk 150 grams.

Supper.—Potato salad 73 grams, bread 28 grams, chocolate cake 104 grams, milk 220 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal386×0.35=1.351grams.
Butter10×0.11=0.011
Sugar35×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 150 + 220 =470×0.55=2.585
Coffee185×0.11=0.204
Rice and chicken gravy178×0.47=0.837
Onions136×0.25=0.340
Chocolate pudding141×1.03=1.452
Potato salad73×0.35=0.256
Bread28×1.33=0.372
Chocolate cake104×0.95=0.988
Total nitrogen in food8.396grams.
Total nitrogen in urine7.000
Fuel value of the food1995 calories.

Monday, May 9, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 330 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams.

Dinner.—Bread 73 grams, fried potato 125 grams, boiled onions 118 grams, macaroni and cheese 128 grams, apple pie 110 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Bread 82 grams, boiled potato 130 grams, butter 12 grams, chocolate cake 114 grams, milk 245 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal330×0.44=1.452grams.
Butter12 + 10 =22×0.11=0.024
Sugar35×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 200 + 245 =545×0.58=3.161
Coffee185×0.099=0.183
Bread73 + 82 =155×1.33=2.062
Fried potato125×0.48=0.600
Onions118×0.25=0.295
Macaroni and cheese128×1.53=1.958
Apple pie110×0.55=0.605
Boiled potato130×0.30=0.390
Chocolate cake114×0.95=1.083
Total nitrogen in food11.813grams.
Total nitrogen in urine7.590
Fuel value of the food2620 calories.

Tuesday, May 10, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 357 grams, butter 11 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams.

Dinner.—Soda biscuit 68 grams, boiled potato 160 grams, butter 20 grams, stewed tomato 103 grams, custard pie 103 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Soda biscuit 81 grams, butter 14 grams, stewed potato 97 grams, chocolate cake 66 grams, milk 200 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal357×0.42=1.499grams.
Butter11 + 20 + 14 =45×0.11=0.050
Sugar35×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 200 + 200 =500×0.54=2.700
Coffee185×0.13=0.241
Soda biscuit68 + 81 =149×1.27=1.892
Boiled potato160×0.30=0.480
Stewed tomato103×0.21=0.216
Custard pie103×0.91=0.937
Stewed potato97×0.45=0.437
Chocolate cake66×0.95=0.627
Total nitrogen in food9.079grams.
Total nitrogen in urine7.780
Fuel value of the food2190 calories.

Wednesday, May 11, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 394 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 141 grams, bread 78 grams, butter 14 grams, boiled potato 101 grams, corn 128 grams, rice pudding 116 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Biscuit 103 grams, butter 11 grams, corn 113 grams, cake 60 grams, milk 205 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal394×0.46=1.812grams.
Butter10 + 14 + 11 =35×0.11=0.039
Sugar35×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 200 + 205 =505×0.54=2.727
Coffee185×0.13=0.241
Soup141×0.48=0.677
Bread78×1.25=0.975
Boiled potato101×0.31=0.313
Corn113 + 128 =241×0.46=1.109
Rice pudding116×0.63=0.731
Biscuit103×1.42=1.463
Cake60×0.78=0.468
Total nitrogen in food10.555grams.
Total nitrogen in urine8.280
Fuel value of the food2183 calories.

Thursday, May 12, 1904.

Breakfast.—Oatmeal 349 grams, butter 10 grams, sugar 35 grams, milk 100 grams, coffee 185 grams.

Dinner.—Soup 137 grams, fried potato 43 grams, bread 100 grams, macaroni and cheese 122 grams, bread pudding 80 grams, milk 200 grams.

Supper.—Stewed potato 126 grams, bread 122 grams, cake 73 grams, apricots 81 grams, milk 220 grams.

Food.Grams.Per cent Nitrogen.Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal349×0.41=1.431grams.
Butter10×0.11=0.011
Sugar35×0.00=0.000
Milk100 + 200 + 220 =520×0.57=2.964
Coffee185×0.13=0.241
Soup137×0.48=0.658
Fried potato43×0.76=0.327
Bread100 + 122 =222×1.25=2.775
Macaroni and cheese122×1.94=2.370
Bread pudding80×0.82=0.656
Stewed potato126×0.43=0.542
Cake73×0.78=0.569
Apricots81×0.23=0.186
Total nitrogen in food12.730grams.
Total nitrogen in urine9.360
Fuel value of the food2283 calories.

NITROGEN BALANCE.—Beers.

Nitrogen
Taken in.		Output.
Nitrogen in Urine.Weight of Fæces (dry).
May69.236grams.8.72grams.17.5grams.
78.9308.5330.5
88.3967.0026.2
911.8137.5927.1
109.0797.7822.1
1110.5558.2826.0
1212.7309.3624.5
12.5
186.4grams contain
5.93% N.
70.73957.26+11.054grams nitrogen.
70.739grams nitrogen.68.314grams nitrogen.
Nitrogen balance for seven days=+2.425grams.
Nitrogen balance per day=+0.346gram.

Average Intake.

Calories per day2152.
Nitrogen per day10.10 grams.

Here we have, as in the preceding cases, marked physiological economy of non-nitrogenous as well as of nitrogenous food material. Further, taking the body-weight of the subject as 61.5 kilos, and with an average daily excretion of 8.58 grams of metabolized nitrogen, it is evident that under the existing conditions of life and activity there was need for the metabolism of only 0.139 gram of nitrogen per kilo of body-weight. Doubtless, however, still greater economy was possible.

Finally, while it hardly savors of scientific accuracy to quote simple sensations, yet it may be stated that the subject asserts a betterment of his condition, with continuance of mental and physical vigor in such a degree that he has persisted now for more than a year and a half in the maintenance of these dietetic habits which are characterized by this lowered rate of proteid metabolism. The quantity of nitrogen metabolized daily means the breaking down of approximately 50 grams of proteid, and it is very evident that this amount of proteid food, one-half the amount called for by the ordinary diet, is quite sufficient to meet all of the subject’s bodily needs, even with a total fuel value considerably below 2500 calories.