NOTES Transcriber’s Note INDEX Abbot’s Ripton, [140] , [308] Acton, Lord, [65] Acts of Parliament:15
Ed.
III , st. 1, c. 5 (1341), [52] 37 Hen.
VIII , c. 9 (1545), [159] 5 and 6 Ed. VI , c. 20 (1552), [159] , [180] 13 Eliz. , c. 8 (1571), [159] , [180] , [181] , [187] 39 Eliz. , c. 2 (1597), [178] Aegidius Lessinus, [295] , [296] Aeneas Silvius,
[110] Agriculture, [136-50] , [231] . Alcock, Thomas, [270] Alien immigrants, [205] , [314] Almsgiving, condemnation of, [111] , [114] , [265] , [305] ; America, silver of, [68] , [74] , [135] ; Ames, [216-7] ,
[318] Amsterdam, [104] Anglicans. See [Clergy] [Church of England] Annuities, [42] , [217] Antwerp, [72] , [73-5] ,
[79] , [80] , [86] , [87] , [104] , [168] , [178] , [303] ; Apparel, excess in, [115] , [127] Aquinas. See [St. Thomas] Archdeacons, visitations of,
[48] , [52] , [162] , [296-7] , [310] Aristotle, [44] Asceticism, [17] , [18] , [19] Ashton, T. S., [252] , [325] Aske, [141] Augsburg, [79] , [85] Bacon, [148] ,
[151] ,
[185] Baillie, [214] Bancroft, Archbishop, [186] , [213] , [214] Bank, at Geneva, [120] — of England, [252] Banking, deposit, beginnings of,
[176] Barbon, Dr. Nicholas, [247] Barebones, Praise-God, [247] Bargaining, equity in, [152] , [159] , [181] , [183] , [188] , [221-3] , [224] , [244] , [272] . Baro, [215] , [318] Basle, [120] ; Baxter, Richard, [9] , [19] , [200] , [203] , [207] , [219-24] , [226] , [242] (quoted), [243] (quoted), [253] , [260] , [268] , [291] Becon, [82] , [141] , [144] Beggars. See [Almsgiving] [Vagrancy] Bellarmin, [80] , [303] Bellers, [19] , [272] Belloc, H., [92] Bennet, Dr., [153] Benvenuto da Imola,
quoted, [11] Berkeley, Bishop, [270] , [284] Berne, [120] Berthold, Brother, [225] Beza, [119] , [121] , [122] , [123] , [215] Birmingham, [204] Bishops, articles of visitation
of, [161] ; Blaxton, John, cited, [156] Bodin, [81] Böheim, Hans, [81] Bolingbroke, [207] Bologna, University of, [81] Boniface VIII , [19] ; bull of, [21] Bossuet, [83] Boston, [128-31] Bourges, [50] Braddon, Lawrence, [315] Bradford, [204] —, Governor, [127] (quoted), [128] Brentano, [316] Bristol, [202] Brittany, Count of, [299] Bruges, [73] Bucer, [19] , [63] , [81] , [83] , [105] , [116] , [142] , [215] Bullinger, [19] , [81] , [114] , [181] Bunyan, [9] , [19] , [199] , [225] , [268] , [307] Burford, [181] Buridanus, Johannes, [295] Bury, [218] Cahorsines, [29] , [294] , [297] “Calling,” [240-6] , [316] , [321] Calvin, [10] ,
[19] , [94] , [102-32] ;teaching of, on usury, [81] , [83] , [126] , [181] , [215] , [216] , [233] , [239] ; letter of, to Somerset, [116] ; Institutes of,
[116] , [117] ;scheme of municipal government drafted by,
[117] ; death of, [119] . See also [Calvinism] Calvinism, [102-32] , [233-5] ;sanctification of economic enterprise by, [34] , [104-5] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [116] , [233] , [239] ; connection of individualism with, [112-3] , [227] , [316-7] ; discipline of, [112] ,
[113] , [115-32] , [215] , [219] , [227] , [234] , [238] , [316-7] ; in France, [125-6] ; in Scotland, [126-7] ; development of, in England, [198] ; in Holland, [211] . See also
[Calvin] [Puritanism] Cambridge, [318] Canon law. See [Law, canon] Canonists, chicanery and
casuistry of, [37] , [51] , [54] , [60] , [100] . Canterbury, [205] ; Capitalism, early appearance
of, [16] ,
[26] , [84] , [226] ; Carpenters, parliament of, [292] Cartwright, Thomas, [213] , [215] Catholicism, and capitalism,
[84] , [316] Cattle, loaning of, [54] , [154] , [181-2] Cecil, William, [145] , [165] Chalmers, Dr., [271] , [324] Charles I , social policy of, [169-74] , [211] , [235-8] , [319-20] Charles V , [71] , [79] Chaucer, [23]
(quoted), [302] Chauvet, [123] Chesterton, G. K., [92] Chevage, [147] Chevisance, [51] Choisy, [306] Church, medieval, pomp and avarice
of, [59] ,
[60] , [62] ;attitude of, to established social order, [56-9] ; strength and weakness of, [59-60] ; ideals of, [60-2] — of England, [135-93] ; conservatism and ineffectiveness of
social theory of, [85] , [155-7] , [184-93] , [282] ; Puritanism represented in, [198] — of Ireland,
[161]
[Clergy] [Councils (Church)] [Courts (ecclesiastical)] [Law (canon)] [Papacy] [Reformation] [Religion] [State] Churches, Nonconformist, attitude of,
to social problems in 18th century, [281] . Civil Law. See [Law,
civil] Clarendon Code,
[205] —, Constitutions of, [51] —, Earl of, [173] , [204] , [249] , [252] , [321] Class hatred, [18] , [123] , [145] Classes , Puritan, [213] , [217] , [317] , [318] Clayton, Sir Robert, [322] Clergy, taking of usury by, [30] , [46] , [53] , [292-3] , [300] ; Cloth industry, [105] , [136] , [142] , [147] ;capitalism in, [70] , [176] , [268-9] ; distress in, [168] , [205] , [314] ; wages in, [174] , [293] , [320] ; regulation of, [174] ,
[236] ,
[237] , [319] ; Puritanism in centers of, [202] , [203] , [204] , [322] ; proposed nationalization of, [236] . See also [Textile
workers] Coke, [186] Colbert, [77] , [236] Cologne, [37] Colonization, [71] , [238] , [320] Colquhoun, Patrick, [313] Columbus, [67] , [69] ,
[89] Combinations, [55] , [87-8] , [95-6] , [293] . Commissary, Court of, [53] , [162] , [300] , [310] Commissions, Depopulation, [138] , [145] , [173] , [237] , [320] Commons, enclosure of, [140] , [167] , [174] , [256] , [259] , [260] . “Commonwealth men,” [145] Communal movement,
[56] Communism, [32] , [256] Companies, infringement of
charters of, [237] . Confessors, instructions to, [48-9] Congregationalism, [198] Consistory, at Geneva, [116] , [117] , [119-24] Constance, Council of, [103] Consumption, [34] , [231] , [248] , [251] Copper, [73] ,
[75] , [79] Copyholders, [139] , [147] , [167] , [308] Corn, engrossing of, [123] , [168] , [174] , [311] . Coulton, G. G., [11] , [30] Councils, Church, [46-7] ,
[51] , [54] , [296] Court, De la, [206] Court of Arches,
[186] — Chancery, [51] , [53] ,
[295] ,
[300] — Delegates, [186] — High
Commission, [162] , [186-7] , [237] , [313] ;[188] , [213] , [214] — Requests, [139] , [308] — Star Chamber, [139] , [174] , [308] , [311] , [312] , [319] ;[213] Courts, jurisdiction of, with
regard to usury, [37-9] , [50-4] , [160-2] ;ecclesiastical, [50-4] , [160-2] , [186-8] , [213] , [214] , [300] , [301] ; royal, encroachments of, on feudal system,
[57-8] , [87] . See also the several Courts
above-mentioned Coventry, [37] , [309] Craftsmen, deceits practiced by,
[24] , [126] , [298] ; Cranmer, [83] , [160] Cromwell, Oliver, [199] , [219] , [227] (quoted), [249] , [258] , [317] Crowley, Robert, [82] , [141] , [144] , [146] (quoted), [148] (quoted) Cunningham, William, [212] , [213] (quoted) Curia , papal, [47-8] Currency, depreciation of, [77] , [78] , [137] , [177] Dantzig, [100] Debtor, defaulting, punishment of,
[127] Dedham, classis
of, [217-8] Defoe, [205] ,
[252] ,
[315] , [324] , [325] Depopulation. See [Commissions] [Enclosures] D’Ewes,
[217] Dicey, Prof., [254] Diet, Imperial, [88] Diggers, [256] , [317] Discipline, versus the Religion
of Trade, [211-27] . Discoveries, [67] , [69] , [73] , [86] , [87] , [135] , [316] Dives et Pauper , [9] , [216] , [261] , [323] Downing, Sir George, [252] Duns Scotus,
[33] Dutch, virtues of, [211] , [252] , [269] ; East Anglia, [174] ; — India Co., [320] Eck, [81] Economic science,
development of, [7-10] , [80] ,
[158] , [180] , [185] , [189] , [204] , [249-50] . Economists, [249] ; Edict of Nantes,
revocation of, [205] Education, diffusion of, [141] , [142] , [143] ; Enclosures, [137-50] ;popular agitations against, [137-8] , [140] , [143-5] , [256-7] , [323] ; first account of, [138] ; steps taken by Government to check, [138] , [145] , [147] , [172-3] , [178] , [236] , [255] , [309] , [311] , [312] ; attitude of Puritans to, [217] , [224] , [236] , [255-60] . See also under
[Gentry] England, comparison of, with the
Continent, [8] , [16] , [54] , [70] , [135] , [231] Engrossers, [36] , [38] , [40] , [55] , [119] , [122] , [123] , [164] , [168] , [174] , [191] , [236] , [239] , [244] , [311] , [312] Erasmus, [72] , [76] Erastians, [214] Essex, [162] ,
[203] Evangelicals, [193] , [254] Exchanger, Royal, [237] Exchanges, foreign, discussions
on, [43] ,
[158] , [177] , [316] ; Exchequer, stop of, [224] Exclusion Bill,
[203] Excommunication, [29] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [52] , [117] , [121] , [142] , [161] , [214] , [299] ; Exeter, [204] ; Fairs, [45] Fenton, Roger, quoted, [106] , [157] , [305] Ferrar, Nicholas, [263] Feudalism, [22] , [57-9] , [231] ; Figgis, Dr., [6] Financiers, medieval attitude
to, [23] ,
[33] , [104-5] ; Firmin, [272] Flanders. See [Low
Countries] Flavell, John, [321] Fletcher of Saltoun,
[265] Florence, [16] , [37] ,
[50] , [292] , [295] , [316] Foley, Thomas, [253] Fondaco Tedesco,
[68] Food supplies, control of,
[173-4] ,
[235] , [236] , [262] . Fox, [199] , [200] Foxe, [160] France, [54] ,
[77] , [236] , [250] , [268] , [281] , [293] , [302] , [315] ; Franciscans, [18] , [54] ; Franeker, University of, [216] Frankfurt, [26] , [75] , [85] , [110] Franklin, Benjamin, [238] , [320] Free Cities,
[56] Freeholders, [202] , [203] , [258] Freiburg, [86] Friars, [18] Friends. See [Quakers] Friesland, West, [238] Froissart, [18] Froude, [5] Fruiterers, of London, [55] Fuggers, the, [79] , [81] , [82] , [87] , [88] , [90] , [191] , [303] Gay, Prof., [146] Geiler von
Kaiserberg, [88] ,
[304] Geneva, [103] , [104] ,
[113] , [115-25] , [215] , [226] , [227] , [234] , [235] , [306] Genoa, [48] Gentry, opposition of, to
prevention of enclosures, [145] , [147] , [178] , [235] , [237] , [255-7] , [258] , [309] ;attitude of, to commercial classes, [207-10] George, Lloyd, quoted, [4] , [291] Germany, [54] , [68] ,
[77] , [250] ;[27] , [88] ,
[302] ;peasantry in, [58] , [59] , [81] , [82] , [86-7] , [88] , [91] , [93] , [136] , [139] , [151] , [302] ; trade and banking business of, [69] , [70] , [74] , [75] , [78-9] , [86-8] , [89-90] , [316] ; Reformation in, [79] ,
[81] , [82] , [83] , [85-102] , 110, [141] ; wage-earning class in, in Middle Ages, [86] , [292] Gilds, membership of, [26] ;policy
and ideals of, [26-8] ; enforcement of rules of, [52] , [300] ; loans by, [54] , [301] ; capture of, by capitalist members,
[69] , [86] , [136] ; control of, at Antwerp, [75] ; malpractices of, [137] , [293] ; confiscation of lands of, [139] , [309] Glasgow, [238] Gloucester, [204] Godfrey, Michael, [252] Goldsmiths, [249] Granaries, public, [236] , [319] Gratian, [32] , [35] Gregory VII ,
[19] Gresham, Sir Richard, [140] —, Sir Thomas, [9] , [143] , [178] , [179] Grindal, Archbishop, [160] Grosstête, Bishop, [29] , [293] Hague, The, [252] Hale, Sir Matthew, [263] Hales, John, [145] Halifax, [204] Hamilton, John. See [St.
Andrews, Archbishop of] Hammond, Mr. and Mrs., [18] Hanse League, [68] , [73] Harrington, [176] Harris, Walter, [270] Harrison, [270] Hartlib, Samuel, [264] Hatfield Chase,
[174] Haugs, the, [79] Heming, Nicholas, [156] , [158] (quoted) Henry of Ghent, quoted, [34] — of Langenstein,
quoted, [36] , [42] Herberts, the, [140] , [146] Hinde, [312] Hipler, [88] ,
[304] Hobbes, [18] Hochstetters, the, [79] , [88] , [303] Holland, [8] ;wars and
commercial rivalry of England with, [7] , [249] , [252] , [268] , [321] ; religious developments in, [10] , [211] , [227] ; economic progress of,
[10] , [204] , [211] , [216] , [231] , [316] ; controversy in, about usury, [126] , [238] ; middle classes in, [208] , [211] ; emigration of Dissenters to, [314] . See also [Dutch] [Low
Countries] Holland, Lord, [237] Hooker, Richard, [166] , [170] , [234] Hospitals, [144] , [263] ; Hostiensis, [158] , [304] Houblon, James and John, [252] House of Commons, [143] , [178] , [179] , [187] , [264] — of Convocation, [160] Huguenots, [252] Humanists, [79] , [110] , [114] , [262] Hungary, [75] , [79] Hutten, [88] ,
[304] Imhofs, the, [79] Independents, [112] , [212] , [214] , [219] , [252] Indians, American, [130] , [185] Indifferentism, [17] , [18] , [19] , [188] , [280] Individualism, rise of, [10] , [13] , [22] , [65] , [74] , [81] , [141] , [163] , [166] , [172] , [175-93] , [227] , [235] , [250] , [253] , [254] , [262] , [316-7] ; Industrial
Revolution, [18] ,
[193] Innocent IV , [29] , [44] , [293] Interesse , [42] , [43] , [95] Interest, rate of, [120] , [124] , [128] , [153] , [162] , [180] , [322] ; Ireland, [231] , [270] , [324] ; Ireton, [258] Iron industry, [202] , [220] , [252-3] , [325] Italy, [9] , [54] , [72] ;medieval capitalism in, [26] , [84] , [86] , [316] ; wage-earners in, [26] , [38] , [292] ; financiers of, [29] , [45] , [73] , [136] ; canonists of, [54] ; economic position of, [67] , [69] , [70] , [231] . See also [Florence] [Venice] Jacquerie , [58] Jewel, Bishop, [82] , [156] Jews, [37] , [249] John XXII, bull of, [57] John of Salisbury,
quoted, [22] ,
[24] , [292] Joint-stock
enterprise, outburst of, [176] Jones, Rev. David, [246] Journeymen. See [Wage-earners] Justices in Eyre,
[51] — of Assize, [173] — of the Peace,
usurers dealt with by, [164] , [168] ;[173] ;[218] ;[236] , [263] ;[173] , [255] Keane, Robert, [128-31] Ket, [144] , [302] Keynes, J. M., [251] , [286] Kidderminster, [207] , [220] King’s Lynn, [301] , [309] Knewstub, [215] , [318] Knox, John, [10] , [19] ,
[115] , [118] (quoted), [127] , [213] Lancashire, Puritanism in, [203] , [204] , [214] , [322] . Land, [9] , [137-50] ;purchase of, by nouveaux riches , and
speculation in, [87] , [139-41] , [143-4] , [176] , [208] , [257] ; mortgaging of, [103] ,
[168] . See also [Enclosures] [Landlords] [Pasture farming] [Property] [Rent-charge] [Rents] Landlords, oppressions of, [50] , [140] , [155] , [164] , [167] , [172] , [223] , [236] , [238] , [298] ; Lanfranc, [18] Langland, [18] , [261] Lateran Councils, [46] , [54] Latimer, [10] , [19] ,
[82] , [141] , [145] , [255] , [256] , [262] , [275] , [287] Laud, [10] , [19] , [113] , [133] , [170-5] , [188] , [205] , [210] , [213] , [236] , [237] , [255] , [311] Laurentius de
Rudolfis, [9] ,
[291] Law, canon, [9] , [165] ;rules
of, as to usury, [10] , [36-55] , [94] , [95] ; serfdom recognized by,
[58] ; discredit of, [62] , [65] , [143] , [159] , [187] ; continued appeal to, [81] , [85] ,
[152-63] , [305-6] ; compatibility of exchange business with, [80] . See also [Canonists] —, civil, [159-60] —, common, [159] , [161] , [186] —, natural, [39] , [62] , [179-80] , [192] , [259] , [278] Law, John, [253] —, William, [190] Layton, Dr., [159] Leach, A. F., [143] Leadam, [146] Lease-mongers,
[144] Lee, Joseph, quoted, [259] Leeds, [204] Leicester, [204] , [256] , [258] Leonard, Miss, [173] Levellers, [19] , [212] , [255] , [317] Lever, [82] , [141] , [144] , [156] Linen industry,
[142] Lisbon, [79] ,
[86] , [87] Loans, charitable, [54] , [154] , [164] , [263] , [301] ; Locke, [7]
(quoted), [179] , [189] , [250] , [258] Lollards, [50] Lombard bankers, [29] , [51] London, [26] ,
[51] , [52] , [55] , [140] , [263] ;growth of money-market in, [75] , [136] , [177] ; Nonconformity in, [104] , [203] , [204] , [214] , [243] , [252] ; fire of, [204] , [221] ; bishop of, [29] , [53] ,
[162] , [294] Lotteries, [126] , [306] Low Countries, [70] , [71] , [72-3] , [77] , [231] ;early
capitalism in, [16] , [25] ,
[84] , [292] , [316] ; wage-earners in, [25-6] , [38] ,
[292] ; Monts de Piété in, [54] , [301] ;religious tolerance in, [206] . See also [Antwerp] [Holland] Luchaire, A., [30] Luther, [10] ,
[19] , [36] , [79-102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [107] , [116] , [241] , [265] , [298] Lyndwood, [54] Lyons, [75] , [77] , [120] ; Machiavelli, [7] , [80] , [184] , [316] Maidstone, [205] Maitland, [159] Major, [107] Malynes, G., [177] Mandeville, [190] (quoted), [313] Manning, B. L., [19] Marx, Karl, [36] , [112] ,
[269] Massachusetts, [127-31] , [238] Melanchthon, [81] , [92] , [107] , [158] Mendicant orders, [92] , [240] Mercantilism, [31] , [80] , [237] , [251] Merchant Adventurers,
[68] , [73] Merchants. See [Traders] Merchet, [147] Meutings, the, [79] , [303] Middle classes ,rise of, [8] , [86] , [87] , [94] , [111] , [176] , [177] , [208] , [234] , [268] , [269] ;Calvinism and Puritanism among, [111] , [113] , [187] , [202-10] , [211-2] , [231] , [266] , [317] ; qualities of, [111] ,
[208] , [211] , [230-1] ; humbler, attitude of, to rising
commercialism, [163-4] ; economic position of, [207-8] , [244] , [315] Middlemen. See [Traders] Mill, James, [243] Milton, [199] , [231] Mines, of New World, [68] ; Monarchy, paternal, [211] , [232] , [235] , [236-8] , [253] , [319] . Monasteries, loans by, [54] , [301] ; Moneylenders. See [Interest] [Loans] public ), [Usury] Money-market. See [Exchanges] [Financiers] [London] Monopolies. See [Patents] Monopolists, denunciations of,
[38] , [81] , [88] , [93] , [96] , [119] , [221] Montagu, [253] Montesquieu, [208] Monts de Piété , [43] , [54] , [301] , [320] Moore, John, [257] , [259] More, Sir Thomas, [73] , [138] , [139] Mosse, Miles, [156] , [158] , [160] (quoted) Mullins, Archdeacon, [310] Nationalism, [68] , [77] Netherlands. See [Low
Countries] New England, Calvinism in, [127-32] , [227] , [238] New Model Army,
[219] Nicholas III ,
[29] Nonconformists. See [Churches (Nonconformist)] [Independents] [Presbyterianism] [Puritanism] [Quakers] [Tolerance] Norfolk, [168] , [203] North, Sir Dudley, quoted, [250] Notre-Dame, Cathedral of, [30] , [294] Nürnberg, [85] , [110] O’Brien, G., [43] (cited) Œcolampadius, [82] , [106] , [114] Oresme, Nicholas, [9] , [291] Owen, Robert, [272] Oziander, [83] Paget, [145] Paley, [287] Pallavicino, [178] Papacy, avarice and corruption of,
[29] , [85] , [89-90] , [92] , [110] , [111] ; Papillon, Thomas, [252] Papists, unaptness of, for
business, [206] ; Paris, [26] , [75] , [80] , [120] , [125] , [293] ; Parish, loans by, [54] , [154] , [301] ; Parker, Bishop, [204] Parliament, Levellers’ demands
for reform of, [255] Parliament, Barebones, [219] , [247] —, Long, [175] , [187] , [237] ,
[255] , [257] “Parliaments,” of wage-earners, [26] , [292] Partnership, profits of,
lawful, [42] ,
[295] ; Pasture farming, [136] , [137] , [139] , [140] , [142] , [145] , [173] , [178] . Patents, [236] , [237] , [319] Paterson, William, [253] Pawnshops, public, [164] Peasants, associations among, [27] ;harshness of lot of, [57-8] ; revolts of, [58] , [59] , [70] , [140] , [143-5] , [256] , [302] ; revolts of, in Germany, [58] , [59] , [81] , [82] , [88] , [91] , [93] , [139] , [145] , [302] ; emancipation of, from serfdom, [58] , [59] , [69] , [87] , [136] , [147] ; comparison of, with peasantry of
France and Germany, [59] , [86-7] , [136] , [151] ; calling of, praised,
[92] . See also [Jacquerie] [Landlords] Peckham, Archbishop, [29] Pecock, Bishop, [50] , [55] , [100] , [297-8] , [301] Penn, William, [188] Pennsylvania, [238] Pepper, [75] Pepys, [204] Petty, Sir William, [206] , [250] , [251] (quoted) Piccarda, [17] Pilgrimage of Grace,
[141] Pirenne, Prof., [74] , [292] Political Arithmetic,
[10] , [185] , [189] , [204] , [250] . Pollexfen, Sir Henry, [269] Ponet, [82] , [141] Poor, relief of, [82] , [92] , [114] , [141] , [144] , [155] , [161] , [193] , [239] ;investment of money for benefit of, [126] ,
[182] ,
[306] ; legislation
re relief of, [127] , [262] , [264-6] , [271] , [323] , [324] ; administration of laws for relief of, [168] , [173-4] , [236] , [263] ; right of, to relief, [264-5] , [271] ; relief to, to be deterrent, [271] , [324] ; able-bodied, employment of, [168] , [262] , [264] , [265] , [271] , [323-4] . See also [Almsgiving] [Poverty] [Vagrancy] — Law Commissioners, [271] , [324] — Men of Lyons, [18] Portugal, [67] , [70] ,
[71] , [72] , [74] , [75] , [84] Poverty, attitude of Swiss
reformers to, [105] , [114-5] , [132] ;attitude to, in eighteenth century, [189-90] ; attitude of Puritans to, [231] , [233] , [253-5] , [260-73] ; medieval attitude to, [260-1] , [323] ; attitude of Quakers to, [272] ; causes of, [262] , [264-5] , [265-7] , [270] , [324] . See also [Poor] Predestination, [108] , [112] Presbyterianism, [198] , [213-5] , [217-8] , [234] , [317] , [318] . Presbyterians, [203] , [207] , [252] ; Prices, rise in, [9] , [70] , [75] , [81] , [137] , [147] , [177] , [180] ;just, doctrine with regard to, [17] ,
[36] , [41] , [81] , [94-5] , [153] , [156] , [216-7] , [222] , [225] , [244] , [268] , [293] , [295] , [318] , [325] ;control of, [41] , [117] , [119] , [122] , [123] , [128-30] , [142] , [143] , [168] , [173] , [174] , [262] , [320] ; opposition to control of, [179] , [235] , [315] . See also [Bargaining] Privy Council ,activities
of, [166-9] , [173-4] , [236-8] , [263] , [320] Production, [248] , [249] , [251] Profits, medieval doctrine as to,
[32] , [34-6] , [42] , [104] ; Property, theories with regard
to, [32] ,
[102] , [146-50] , [189] , [258] , [261] , [262] Prophesyings, [201] Public-houses, closing of,
[218] Puritanism, [195-273] ;quarrel between monarchy and, [6] , [212] , [232] , [235-8] , [318-9] ; medieval, [18] ; discipline of, [113] , [127-31] , [187] , [213-9] , [234-5] , [317] ; theology of, [113] , [227-30] ; connection of individualism with, [113] , [127] , [212] , [213] , [219] , [227] , [229-39] , [253] , [254] , [266] , [271] , [272] , [316] ; divergent elements in, [198] , [212-3] , [316] ; sanctification of business life by, [199] , [201] , [230] , [233] , [239-54] , [272] ; geographical distribution of, [202-4] ; connection of, with capitalism, [212] , [316-7] . See also [Calvinism] [Middle classes] [New England] [Poverty] [Presbyterianism] [Usury] Rabelais, [77] Rationalism, medieval, [18] Reformation, relation of, to
changes in social theory, [14-5] , [19-20] , [65-6] , [81] , [82-5] , [89-93] , [141] , [154] , [155-60] Regensburg, [85] , [225] Religion, sphere of,
all-embracing, [5] , [8-10] , [14] , [18] , [19-36] , [60-2] , [80] , [82-5] , [90-1] , [97-8] , [99] , [148] , [150-75] , [182-3] , [221] , [224-6] , [278] , [279] , [281-2] , [285] (see also
under [Traders] economic and social activities excluded from
province of, [5] , [6-13] , [17] , [91] , [96-101] , [175] , [177-93] , [221] , [226] , [238] , [254-5] , [277] , [278-87] ; wars of, [6-7] , [119] . See also [Asceticism] [Calvinism] [Indifferentism] [Presbyterianism] [Puritanism] [Reformation] [Tolerance] Rent-charge, considered
lawful, [42] , [43] , [95] , [182] , [216] , [217] , [295] Rents, control of, at Geneva, [117] ; Rhode Island,
[238] Riches, medieval attitude to, [32] , [34-5] , [55] , [285] , [301-2] ; Ridley, Thomas, quoted, [186] Ripon, [53] Rome, corruption and avarice at, [28-30] , [85] , [90] , [92] , [110] Root and Branch
Petition,
[314] Rotenburg, [86] Rouen, [75] Rousseau, [293] Royal African Co., [249] , [322] St.
Ambrose,
[260] St.
Andrews, [127] ;St.
Antonino, [9] , [17] ,
[32] , [40-1] , [88] , [225] , [291] , [294] , [295] St.
Augustine,
[48] St.
Bernard,
[30] St.
Francis, [18] , [57] St.
Johns, the, [140] , [308] St.
Léon, Martin, [28] (quoted), [292] , [293] St.
Raymond, [48] , [153] St.
Thomas, [17] , [20]
(quoted), [31] , [33] , [35] (quoted), [36] , [39] (quoted), [40] , [58] , [152] , [200] , [225] , [260] , [304] Salerno, archbishop of, [48] Salisbury, bishop of, [156] ; Sanderson, Bishop, [188] Sandwich, [205] Sandys, Bishop, [82] , [156] Say, J. B., [1] Saye and Sele, Lord, [174] , [312] Schoolmen, [9] , [16] ,
[19] , [30-6] , [40-1] , [80] , [82] , [148] , [152] , [155] , [158] , [183] , [225] . Schools, confiscation of
endowments of, [143] , [309] ; establishment of, by
Church, [193] . See also [Education] Schulze-Gaevernitz,
[212] Scotland, [113] , [126-7] , [227] ;Commissioners from, [214] Scriveners, [176] Self-interest, of
individual, harmony of needs of society with, [13] , [24] , [179-80] , [191] , [192] , [246] , [259-60] , [277] . Senior, Nassau, [271] , [324] Serfdom, [57-9] ; Serfs, runaway, [139] , [147] , [308] . Seville, [75] , [135] Shaftesbury, Earl of, [249] Shaw, W. A., [215] Sheep-grazing. See [Pasture
farming] Sheldon, Dr. Gilbert, [311] Sidney, Sir Philip, [140] Sigismund, Emperor, Reformation
of, [27] ,
[88] , [293] Silver, of America, [68] , [74] , [135] ; Sion, monastery of, [140] Slave-trade,
[185] Smiles, Samuel, [253] Smith, Adam, [35] , [192] , [253] , [293] —, Rev. Henry, [215] , [318] —, Sir Thomas, [160] Smiths, of London, [52] , [292] , [300] Soap, monopoly of, [237] , [319] Social Democratic
movement,
[219] Society, functional theory of, [13] , [22-5] , [93] , [97] , [149] , [169-70] , [171] , [172] , [189] , [191] , [254] ; Somerset, Duke of, [116] , [147] , [309] South Sea Bubble,
[191] Spain, [70] , [71] , [72] , [77] , [79] , [84] ;dealers
of, on Antwerp Bourse, [80] Speculation. See [Engrossers] Speenhamland, [264] Spices, trade in, [74] , [75] , [79] , [86] Spinola, [178] Spurriers, of London, [52] , [300] Starkey, [22] , [138] ,
[292] State, relation between Church and,
[6-10] , [18-9] , [20] , [70] , [91] , [101-2] , [124] , [159] , [165-6] , [170-1] , [172] , [175] , [278-9] ; Steele, Richard, [240] , [243] (quoted), [243-5] , [251] , [266] Step-lords,
[146] Stockwood, Rev. J., quoted, [266] Strafford, Earl of, [210] , [213] , [236] Strassburg, [75] Stubbes, Philip, [216] Summæ , [16] , [19] , [30] , [220] .Swift, Dean, [207] Switzerland, Reformation in,
[102-25] ,
[141] , [265] ; Synods, French, [125-6] Taunton, [204] Taylor, Jeremy, [160] (quoted), [188] Temple, Sir William, [206] Tenures, military, abolition of,
[257] Textile workers, of
Flanders and Italy, [26] , [292] ; Tobacco, [127] Tolerance, religious, [113] , [118] , [175] , [219] ; Tories, distrust of commercial
classes by, [207] Torrens, R., [3] Townsend, Rev. J., [313] Trade, flourishing of, under
religious tolerance, [10] , [197] , [205-7] ; Trade unionism, [26] , [293] Traders, medieval attitude to, [17-8] , [23] , [32] , [33-6] , [37] , [104] ;relations between craftsmen and, [26] , [136] , [137] , [173] , [236] , [320] ; sanctification of occupation of,
[34] , [104-5] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [115] , [199] , [201] , [230] , [234] , [239-53] , [254] , [273] ; frauds and extortion of, [50] , [105] , [119] , [126] , [142] , [153] , [155-6] , [298-9] , [307] ; Luther’s attitude to,
[92] ; growth of power of,
[136] , [137] ; purchase of land by, [140] , [208] ; breakdown of State control of, [179] , [236] . See also [Bargaining] [Prices] [Profits] Travers, W., [213] Troeltsch, Prof., [91] , [212] , [316] Tucker, Dean, [11] , [192] , [197] (quoted), [314] Tudors, social policy of, [164-70] , [235] , [262-3] , [266] , [270] Turgot, [293] Turks, [68] , [69] Tyndale, [308] , [323] Tyrol, [68] , [75] , [79] Udall, J., [213] Ulm, [85] Unwin, Prof., [173] Usher, R. G., [202] Usury, controversy on, [9] , [81] , [82] , [151-64] , [178] , [180-3] ;teaching of medieval Church on, [17] , [36-9] , [42-55] ; practicing of, on a large scale, in Middle
Ages, [29] , [44-5] , [176] ; restitution of profits of, [30] , [46] , [47] , [49] ; enforcement of prohibition of, [37] , [45-53] , [100] , [119] , [121] , [123] , [127] , [160-2] , [164] , [169] , [187] , [237] , [238] , [297] , [298] , [310] ; prevalence of, [39] , [151-2] ; popular denunciations of, [39] , [81] , [138] ,
[144] , [152] ; annuities, compensation for loss, profits of
partnership and rent-charges not regarded as, [42] , [43] , [95] , [182] , [216-7] , [295] ; ecclesiastical legislation as to, [46] , [52] , [55] ; devices for concealment of, [47] , [48] , [53] , [297] ; secular legislation as to, [52] , [153] , [159] , [180] , [187] ; attitude of reformers to, in Germany, [81] , [83] , [94] , [95] , [100] ; in Switzerland, [81] ,
[83] , [103-4] , [105-8] , [117] , [119-24] , [181] , [215] , [216] ; in France, [126] , [306] ; meaning of term, [152-3] , [160-1] , [183] ; disappears from episcopal charges, [191] ; Puritan attitude to, [209] , [213] , [215-7] , [218] , [223] , [225] , [232-3] , [239] , [246] , [252] , [269] , [318] , [319] , [320] . See also [Clergy] [Interest] [Loans] Utilitarianism, [243] , [271] Utrecht, University of, [238] Vagrancy, measures for
suppression of, [92] , [168] , [217] , [262] , [263] , [265] , [269-70] , [271] ; Value, theories of, [36] , [40] Venezuela, [79] Venice, [68] ,
[70] , [73] , [75] , [87] , [120] , [316] Vienne, Council of, [46] Villeinage. See [Serfdom] Virtues, economic, applauding of,
by Calvinists and Puritans, [105] , [110] , [111] , [114-5] , [227-54] , [271-2] , [273] Vitry, Jacques de, [302] Vives, [114] ,
[262] Voltaire, [208] Wadsworth, A. P., [322] Wage-earners, small number
of, [26] , [38] , [137] , [151] , [207] , [268] , [292] ; Wages, withholding of, [50] , [223] , [298] ;regulation of, [128] , [173] , [174] , [235] , [236] , [293] , [320] ; payment of, in truck, [153] , [174] , [236] ; economists’ views on the subject of, [268-70] , [271] . See also [Wage-earners] Wallas, Graham, [12] Wamba, [90] Warburton, [192] Ward, Sir Patience, [252] Warwick, Earl of, [145] Warwickshire, [138] , [323] Washerne, [140] Wealth. See [Production] [Riches] Weber, Max, [212] , [316-7] , [319] , [321] Welsers, the, [78-9] , [88] , [303] Wentworth, [174] Wesley, [190] Westminster Assembly,
[10] , [214] , [218] Whalley, ecclesiastical court of,
[53] Whalley, Major-General, [259] , [323] Whigs, [203] ,
[252] Whitby, Abbey, [140] Whole Duty of Man, The , [191] Widows and orphans,
usury for benefit of, [182] , [233] Wilcox, Thomas, [161] Williams, Roger, [128] Wilson, Thomas, [156] , [157] , [160] , [179] , [234] , [319] Wiltshire, [218] , [237] Winstanley, Gerrard, [113] (quoted), [256] Witt, John de, [206] Wolsey, [138] , [147] Wood, H. G., [318] Woodrow, Rev. Robert, quoted, [238] Woollen industry. See [Cloth
industry] Worcester, Priory of, [42] Workhouses, [265] , [270] , [271] , [324] Works, good, [98] , [109] , [111] , [239] , [242] , [266] , [320] Wyclif, [18] ,
[25]
(quoted), [27] , [39]
(quoted), [40] ,
[293] Yarranton, A., [253] Yeomanry, [58] , [202] York, Province of, [161] , [169] Yorke, Sir John, [140] Yorkshire, [141] , [162] , [204] Young, Arthur, [270] Younge, R., quoted, [267]