INDEX

“Aaron”
his intelligent expression, [144], [146], [147]
his capture, [145]
on the journey, [147], [148]
his tricks, [148]
” one aversion, [148], [149]
” sympathy for Moses, [149]-[152]
realization of death, [151], [152]
loses his mate, [170]
his illness and death, [172]-[174]
“Aaron” with “Elisheba”
acts as a protector, [156]
his reliance on human aid, [157], [158]-[159]
driving the cow, [158], [159]
we start for Liverpool, [159]
the bogie on the steamer, [159]
solicitude of the apes, [159]-[160]
their ingenuity, [161]
the ape in the mirror, [161]-[162]
Aaron’s jealousy, [162]-[165]
the rivals, [163]-[165]
arrival at Liverpool, [167], [168]
Elisheba’s illness, [168]
Aaron again becomes nurse, [170]
Abstract ideas in simians, Lack of, [20], [36]
Affection in animals not mere instinct, [58]-[59], [173]
Age of maturity in apes, [98], [191], [192]
Amusement (of captives)
captives should have, [55]-[56], [283]
means of, [20]-[21], [33], [35], [54]-[56]
Angola, [268]
Anthropoid or manlike apes (see also [Chimpanzee], [Gorilla], [Gibbon], [Orang], and references under [Chimpanzee captives])
the group, [3]
superior intelligence, [35], [60]
Apes (see also [Simians] and references under [Anthropoid apes])
resemblance to man, [2]
described, [3], [92]-[98], [223] ff.
anthropoid or manlike group, [3]
skeleton a duplicate of man’s, [4], [7]
superior intelligence of anthropoid, [35], [60]
travelers’ stories untrue, [71]-[72], [235]-[236], [266] ff.
do not act in concert, [268]
Approval, Apes’ love of, [197], [203]
Arboreal habit, The, [96]-[97], [224]-[225], [245]

Baboon, The, [3], [14], [15], [196]-[197], [224], [266], [277]
relative plane, [3], [277]
Bailey, Mr. James A., New York City
his valuable apes, [190]-[191]
corroborative testimony, [268]
“Banquo,” [28]-[29]
Battel, Henry (1590), [267], [268]
Batuna (plant), [77], [245]
Bellevue Gardens, Manchester, England (see also [Consul II])
Consul II, [193]
a pugnacious ape, [198]-[200]
chimpanzee and orang, [200]
Borneo, [274]
Buffalo (N. Y.) Museum, Specimens in, [104]

Cage in the jungle, The
idea first conceived, [60]
exceptional opportunities it afforded, [60], [71], [260]
its construction, [62]-[64]
its furniture, [64]-[66]
date of occupancy, [71]
length of occupancy, [71]
my chimpanzee companion, [71]
(see also Moses)
the native boy, [71], [120], [121], [125], [148]-[149]
program for the day, [73] ff.
my menu, [73], [77], [79], [84]
wild visitors, [75] ff., [186]-[190], [252]-[260]
the tornado, [79] ff.
Cameroon (valley), [85], [213], [215], [267]
Capuchin monkey, The (see also under [Monkey]), [18]-[19], [28], [29], [38], [39], [42], [52]
Care of simian captives
amusement of, [20]-[21], [33], [35], [54]-[56], [283]
their short lives, [146], [200], [201]
effects of confinement, [231]
cannot live in pure air, [280], [281]
condition compared to a certain
tropical moss, [279]-[280]
humidity essential, [280]-[282]
diet, [282]-[283]
dust of straw injurious, [283]
tobacco fatal to the gorilla, [283]-[284]
Catarrhini, [3]
“Caucasian of monkeys, The,” [35]
Cebus monkey, The (see also under [Monkey])
brown species, [17], [24], [42]
experiments with, [17], [18]
superior intelligence, [35]
white-faced species, [42]
Charla (lake), [25]
Charleston, S. C., Experiments at, [24] ff.
Cherry, Mr. William S., African traveler, [212]
Chicago Gardens, Experiments at, [17], [29]
“Chico”
his unusual size, [190]
” scream, [241]
” fear of an elephant, [268]
Chi Loango (river), [211], [218]
Chimpanzee, The (see also [Kulu-kamba], [Ntyigo], and references under [Chimpanzee captives])
order of intelligence, [4], [60], [85], [99], [105]-[106]
perception of number, [34]
resemblance to man (see also Skeleton), [60]-[62], [92]
in native haunts, [70], [71], [186]-[190]
habitat, [85]-[87], [280]
derivation and meaning of name, [86]
two species, [86] ff.
described in detail, [92]-[98], [188]
position in sleep, [96]
longevity, [98]
age of maturity, [98], [191], [192]
breeding season, [98]-[99]
social traits and government, [99]-[105]
reasoning power and mental status, [105], [116], [206]
does not bear captivity well, [146]
pulmonary trouble common, [146]
maladies resemble man’s, [186]
seen from the cage, [186]-[190]
climate of America favorable, [200]-[201]
mode of attack, [237]
scream and beating sound, [240]-[242]
disposition, [250], [284]
Chimpanzees, Speech of
extent of vocabulary, [108], [115], [136]
number of words interpreted, [108], [115]
pitch of voice, [108], [109], [111], [112], [116]
vocal organs, [108]-[110]
phonetic symbols invented by author, [109]-[113]
method of producing sounds, [110]-[111]
character and meaning of sounds, [112]-[115], [123], [125], [130], [135]-[137]
quality of voice, [113]
use of gestures, [114]-[115]
possibility of development, [139]
resemblance to human speech, [116]
constant meanings of sounds, [136], [137]
Chimpanzee captives, Some (see [Aaron]; [Elisheba]; [Sailor’s pet]; [Village pet]; [Gaboon, captives at]; [Izanga]; [Chico]; [Johanna]; [Consul II]; [Clever kulu]; [Five young kulus]; [Sally])
Cincinnati Zoölogical Garden, Experiments at, [14], [28], [200], [241]
Classification of simians, [2]-[4]
Clever kulu, A
her color, [202]
facial expression, [203], [206]
love of approval, [203], [204]
always in mischief, [204]
unties complicated knots, [204]-[206]
evidence of reasoning power, [206]
Color, Simians’ perception of, [30]-[32], [35], [36], [139]
Concrete ideas, Simians can express only, [36]
Congo (river), [66], [85], [191], [209], [211], [212], [216], [218], [241], [267], [268], [270], [272]
Constant meanings of sounds in simian speech, [15], [18], [23], [135]-[137]
“Consul II”
his remarkable sagacity, [193]
rides a “bike,” [193]
smokes a pipe, [193]-[195]
draws with chalk or pencil, [195], [196]
distinguishes three letters, [196]
love of teasing, [196]-[197]
aversion to being clothed, [197]
loves approval, [197]
attempts at burglary, [198]
his keeper’s zeal, [198]
Cranio-facial angles
of man, [8]
” apes, [9]
” monkeys, [9]
” reptiles, [10]
Cross, Dr., Liverpool, England
guardian of Aaron and Elisheba, [168], [172]
Cruelty
unnecessary in hunting, [146]
inherent in natives, [157], [184]-[185]
Crystal Mountains, [211], [214]
Cynocephalus, [266]

“Darwin”
learns Puck’s sound for “food,” [43]
Deaf-mutes, Method of teaching applied to simian speech, [110]
Death, Apes’ realization of, [151], [152], [170], [259]
Deemin, Mr. James, English trader, [223], [261]
Descriptions of simians
of monkeys, [3], [224]
” chimpanzee, [92]-[98], [224]
” gorilla, [223] ff.
Development of “calf” a means of comparison, [227]
Dexterity and ingenuity
of apes, [122], [126], [129], [130], [132], [161], [184], [193]-[198], [204]-[206]
of monkeys, [56]-[57]
Dialects (see [types] under [Monkeys, Speech of])
Dimension, Simians’ perception of, [30], [36]
“Dodo”
Nemo’s apologetic speech, [47]
her appeal to her keeper, [48]-[50]
Drake, Mr. J. H., African traveler, [261]
Drum, The (see [Kanjo])
Du Chaillu, Paul, African traveler, [214], [272], [273]

Early reports of apes (see [Ford], [Savage], [Wilson], [Walker], [Hanno], [Battel], [Du Chaillu])
“Elisheba” (see also [Aaron with Elisheba])
where captured, [154]
her shrewish temper, [154]-[156]
her selfishness and perversity, [155]-[156]
her champion and slave, [156], [162]-[165]
a suitor rebuffed, [163]-[165]
submissive only from policy, [166]
her illness and death, [168]-[171]
Eloquence of monkeys’ speech, [22], [47]-[50]
Emotions, Simians display human
sympathy, [149]-[152], [170]-[171]
aversion, [26], [148]-[149]
sorrow, [50], [152], [170]
jealousy, [46], [125], [162]-[165], [186]
contempt, [203], [206], [250]
affection, [58]-[59], [134]-[135], [173], [174]
Enjocko, [268]
Enumeration (see [Number, Perception of])
Esyira (tribe and country), [140], [144], [145], [218], [228], [267], [269]
Ethics, Monkeys’ code of, [30]
Etymology of native names, [232], [272]
Evolution, [36]
Expression (see also [Facial expression])
defined, [13]
speech a means of, [13]
animals’ limit of, [13], [23]

Facial expression of simians, [1], [16], [46], [47], [126], [146]-[147], [150], [162], [170], [182], [197], [202]-[204], [206], [207], [229]
Falkenstein, Dr., [267]
Ferocity of apes exaggerated, [229], [235]-[236]
Ferran Vaz (lake), [66], [144], [149], [219], [228], [270]
Fiote (tribe and language), [86], [267]
Five young kulus, [207]-[210]
Food
of chimpanzee, [106]-[107], [128]-[129], [132]
of gorilla, [245]-[246]
Ford, Dr., African traveler, [214], [217]
Form, Simians’ perception of, [30], [139], [196]
Fort Gorilla, [71]

Gaboon (town and river), [66], [153], [155], [182], [211], [214]-[217], [268], [272]
Gaboon, Some captives at, [182] ff.
their table manners, [182]-[184]
their love of beer, [183]-[184]
their dexterity, [184]
maladies resemble man’s, [186]
Gibbon, The
order of intelligence, [4]
arboreal habit, [96], [276]
size and activity, [275]-[276]
skeleton, [276]
can stand erect, [276]
wonderful leaping power, [276]
several known species, [277]
vocal qualities, [277]
Glave, E. J., African traveler, [241]
Goode, Rev. A. C., late missionary at Batanga, [272]
Gorilla, The
order of intelligence, [4], [211], [232]
resemblance to man, [60]
in native haunts, [70], [71]
seen from the cage, [71], [77]-[78], [186], [252]-[260]
his scream and beating sound, [84], [109], [237]-[242]
arboreal habit, [96]-[97], [224]-[225], [245]
nomadic, [97], [233]
habitat, [211] ff., [273], [278]-[279]
early reports of (see references under [Early reports])
skeleton, [218]-[223]
described in detail, [223] ff.
cannot walk erect, [225]
the “calf” as means of comparison, [227]
species, [228], [274]
compared with other apes and with man, [228]-[231]
social traits and government, [231] ff.
derivation of name, [232]
in council, [234]
ferocity exaggerated, [235]-[236], [262], [273]
mode of attack, [236]-[237]
sounds wrongly attributed to, [109], [240]-[242]
method of carrying young, [242], [259]
disposition, [242], [250]-[251], [284]
food, [245]-[246], [282]-[283]
stealthiness, [253], [262]
calling sound, [254]
difficult to find, [260]-[263]
only one ever brought to America, [263]
a wild gorilla takes his own photograph, [264]-[265]
care in captivity, [278] ff.
Great forest, The, [68]
Guinea, Gulf of, [85], [266]

Habitat
of gorilla, [211] ff., [273], [278]-[279]
of chimpanzee, [85]-[87], [280]
of orang, [274]
of gibbon, [276]
Handmann, Mr. Otto, German consul at Gaboon, [182]
Hanno, 500 B.C., earliest mention of the ape, [266]-[267]
Harris, Captain, African traveler, [217]
Harvard Medical School Collection, [6]
Hornaday, W. T., authority on orang, [275]
Human faculties, embryo of all, exists in simians, [37]

Ikomba njina, [232], [234], [235]
Inenga (lake), [218]
Ingenuity of simians (see [Dexterity])
Izanga (lake), [184], [212], [223]
an unhappy captive at, [184]-[185]
an act of mercy, [185]

“Jack,” [25]
“Jennie,” [27]
“Johanna”
her value for scientific use, [190], [192]
probable age, [191]
size, [191]
intellectual plane, [192]
“Jokes” [24] ff.
his fright, [24]
the reconciliation, [26]
Journeys in the jungle
to the chimpanzee country, [66]
a five days’ journey on foot, [148]
to the coast, [153]
Jungle, the African
described, [66]-[70], [153]
daily life in, [73] ff.
the quiet hour, [77]
a tornado, [79] ff.

Kabinda (town), [191]
Kanga ntyigo
etymology of the name, [272]
Kanjo, The, [102]-[104]
the drum, [104], [241]
Keller, Helen
with Nellie, [52]-[53]
Kisanga (valley and river), [212]
Komo (river, also name of gunboat), [153], [213], [217]
Kongo, [272]
Kulu-kamba (see also under [Chimpanzee], and references under [Chimpanzee captives])
its habitat, [87]
described and compared with ntyigo, [87]-[91]
Moses’ successor, [144]
highest type of all apes, [202], [210]
name applied to different types, [270]

Lamberene (town), [270]
Lemur, [2], [224]
relative plane, [2], [277]
Loango (valley), [192], [211], [267], [269]
Longevity of chimpanzee, [98]
Lopez, African explorer, [270]
Lopez, Cape, [153], [270]

Mafuka, [269], [274]
Maladies of simians
pulmonary trouble common, [146]
resemble man’s, [186]
Malay Peninsula, [276]
Mandrill, The, [14]
Mayumba (town), [215], [216], [268]
M’Bouve, [272]
“McGinty”
his jealousy, [45], [46]
Meanings of certain sounds in simian speech (see also under [Monkeys, Speech of], and [Chimpanzees, Speech of])
sound meaning “food,” [19], [28], [29], [43], [112]-[113]
sound meaning “drink,” [19], [28], [29]
sound meaning “warning,” [14], [20], [27], [113]
sound meaning “alarm,” [24], [27], [113]
sound meaning “friendship,” [113]
sound meaning “good,” [160], [181]
calling sound, [112]-[113], [136]
Mental power and status of simians (see also under [Ape], [Chimpanzee], [Monkey], [Gorilla], “[Aaron],” “[Moses],” etc.)
compared to man, [105]
compared to the dog, [116]
Menu, My daily, [73], [77], [79], [84]
Mesial crest (see [Gorilla, Skeleton of])
“Mickie”
the boss of the school, [45]-[46]
his tricks, [46]
Middle forest, The, [68]
Mirror, Experiments with, [40]-[41], [161]-[162]
Mode of attack
of chimpanzee, [237]
of gorilla, [236]-[237]
Moiro, [217]
Monkey, The (see also [Simians])
human appearance, [1]
relative plane, [2], [277]
relationship to man, [2], [277]
all simians not monkeys, [2]-[3]
described, [3], [224]
old world and new world, [3]
cranio-facial angles, [9]
Cebus species (see [Cebus])
Capuchin species (see [Capuchin])
perception of sound, color, form, dimension, quality, number, music, etc., [30]-[37]
code of ethics, [30]
Rhesus species (see [Rhesus])
difference in traits and tastes, [35]
express emotion, [50]
affection not mere instinct, [58]-[59]
Monkeys, Laughter of, [38], [54]-[55]
Monkeys, Speech of
study of, [14] ff.
poor success of first efforts, [15]
sound meaning “alarm” or “warning,” [14], [20], [24], [27]
phonograph first used, [16]-[18]
sounds have constant meanings, [15], [18], [23]
number of sounds interpreted, [18]
sounds described, [19]-[20]
speech monophrastic and monophonetic, [19], [44]
pitch of voice, [20], [28], [50]
resemblance to human speech, [20], [22]-[23]
each species has its own speech, [23], [44]
sign of surrender, [25] ff.
sound meaning “food,” [19], [28], [29]
sound meaning “drink,” [19], [28], [29]
musical quality of voices, [19], [25], [45], [47], [50], [53], [57]
eloquence, [22], [47]-[50]
types of speech and inflections, [23], [42], [60]
“Moses”
my sole companion in the cage, [71]
his breakfast, [73]
his amusements, [73], [120], [122]-[124]
his siesta, [77], [124]
position in sleep, [96]
learns a word of human speech, [115]-[116], [137]-[138]
his capture, [117]-[118]
his moral training, [118], [120]-[121], [130]-[132]
his tricks, [120]-[121], [123]-[124], [131]
dexterity and ingenuity, [122], [126], [129]-[130], [132]-[133]
reading the newspaper, [123]
his jealousy and temper, [125], [186]
our walks in the jungle, [125]
understood rights of possession, [125], [128]
preferences in food, [128], [129], [132]
meaning of sounds, [123], [125], [135]-[137]
his quick vision, [125]
a severe lesson, [131]-[132]
reasoning power, [133]
his devotion, [134]-[135]
perception of form, color, music, etc., [139]
he signs a legal document, [139]-[140]
last illness, [140]-[142], [149]-[151]
his chimpanzee nurse, [149]-[152]
his death, [142], [151], [152]
his claims to fame, [143]
Mpongwe, [86]
Music, Simians’ perception of, [35]-[36]

Native explanation of relationships, [269]-[270]
Native reports unreliable, [215], [231]
Nazavine (bay), [270]
“Nellie”
her love of companionship, [20], [22]
warns me of danger, [21] ff.
her perception of sound, [22]
with Helen Keller, [52]-[53]
her ingenuity, [56]-[57]
“Nemo”
his diplomacy, [47]
his abject apology, [47]-[48]
Nenge Nenge (town), [214]
New world monkeys, [3]
their superior intelligence, [35]
New York Zoölogical Gardens, Experiments at, [45]-[51]
Nguni (river), [154], [211], [213], [218]
“Nigger,” [45], [51]
Njina, [228], [267], [269], [270]
Njole (town), [213]
Nkami (tribe, lake, and river), [66], [144], [212], [218], [272]
Noogo (river), [144]
Nose a distinguishing feature, The, [3]
Ntcheego, [268]
Ntyigo (see also under [Chimpanzee])
its habitat, [87]
described, [87]-[90]
compared with kulu-kamba, [90]-[91]
distinguished from ntyii, [228]
Ntyii, [223], [228], [267], [269]-[270]
Ntyi-ne-nye-ni (village), [144]
Number, Perception of
by simians, [32]-[34], [36]
by birds, [34]

Ogowé (river, delta, and basin), [66], [117], [202], [211], [213], [214], [215], [217], [218], [223], [272]
Old world monkeys, [3]
Orang, The
order of intelligence, [4]
arboreal habit, [97]
a captive at Bellevue, [200]
compared, [274], [275]
Orungu (tribe), [215]
“Othello”
place of capture, [221]
absence of humor, [244]
illness and death, [247]-[249]
with Moses, [249], [250]
his speech sounds, [251]
Owen, Sir Richard, writer on Africa, [215]

Parrot Island, [214]
Paternal instinct in animals, [100]
“Pedro”
his troubles, [38]
appreciation of kindness, [38]
recording his sounds, [38], [39]
his tale of woe, [39], [41]
speech repeated to Puck, [39]-[41]
Philadelphia Museum of Zoölogy, Specimens at, [217]
Phonograph as a means of recording speech of monkeys, [15] ff.
first experiments, [16] ff.
behavior of monkeys on hearing, [16]-[18]
speech and reply recorded, [18]
Pedro’s speech recorded, [38]
experiment with Puck, [39]-[41]
Pitch of voice
in monkeys, [20], [28]
in apes, [108], [109], [111]-[112]
Platarrhini, [3]
Pongo, [267], [269]
Program, A day’s, [73] ff.
“Puck,” his perplexity on hearing phonograph, [39]-[41]

Quality, Simians’ perception of, [30]
Quantity, Simians’ perception of, [32]

Reasoning power in simians, Evidences of, [16]-[18], [33]-[34], [36], [37], [105], [133], [161], [206]
Records of speech sounds (see [Phonograph])
Rembo (river), [144], [218]
Resemblances between simians and man
in body, [1], [2], [4]-[8], [60], [92], [186], [277]
in speech, [20], [22]-[23], [116]
in affections, [58]-[59], [173], [174]
Rhesus monkey, [32]
Romanes, Professor
experiments with chimpanzee, [34]
experiments with “Sally,” [241]

Sacrum (see [Skeleton])
Sagittal ridge (see [Gorilla, Skeleton of])
Sailor’s pet, A
his suit rejected, [163]-[165]
“Sally,” [241]
“Sally Jones,” [244]
Savage, Dr., African traveler, [213], [214], [216]
Scream of gorilla and chimpanzee, [84], [109], [237]-[242]
Sette Kama (town), [144], [212]
Sheldon, Mrs. M. French, African traveler, [25]
Sierra Leone, [266]
Simians (see [Apes], [Monkeys], etc.)
wide range of types, [2]
different forms described, [3]
two grand divisions, how distinguished, [3]
Simian speech (see [Monkeys, Speech of], and [Chimpanzees, Speech of])
Size of apes, [96], [190], [191], [221], [230]
Skeleton, The
as basis of comparison, [4]
chief point of difference, [4]
sacrum, peculiarities of, [4]-[6], [8]
vertebræ, number of, [5]-[6]
causes of difference in sacrum and vertebræ, [6]
sternum, differences in, [6], [7]
skull, differences in, [8]
general comparison, [7]-[8]
of gorilla, [218]-[223]
of gibbon, [276]
Smithsonian Institution, Experiments at, [15] ff., [38]
Snapshot, A unique, [264]-[265]
Social traits and government
of chimpanzee, [99]-[105]
of gorilla, [231] ff.
Soko, [270]
Speech defined, [12]
Speech of animals (see also [Monkeys, Speech of], and [Chimpanzees, Speech of])
author’s interest in, [12]
grounds of belief in, [12], [13]
vocabularies limited, [13]
can express what they conceive, [13], [23]
development of interest, [14]
Spider-monkey, [38]
Stanley Pool, [216]
Steckelman, Carl, African explorer, [216]
Sternum (see [Skeleton])
Stories of travelers and writers often untrue, [71]-[72], [235]-[236], [261]-[263], [267], [268], [273]
Strohm, Mr. Adolph, trader at Gaboon, [154], [158]
Sumatra, [274]

Threadbare story, A, [262], [273]
Tornado in the jungle, [79] ff.
Translations of native reports, Literal, [269], [270]
Troglodytes, [267]
Tyimba (village), [144]

Under forest, The, [68]
University of Toronto Collection, [249]

Village pet, A
the children’s playmate, [175]-[178]
understood names and commands, [179]
brought water and wood, [179]-[180]
brought persons named, [180]-[181]
price double that of a slave, [182]
Vocabularies of animals (see [Speech of Animals]; [Monkeys, Speech of], and [Chimpanzees, Speech of])
Walker, Dr., revises Wilson’s lexicon of native language, [216]
Wallace, Mr. Alfred R., authority on orang, [275]
Webber, Mr., keeper of ape at Bellevue
his success in training, [198]
Wild visitors to the cage, [75] ff., [81]-[82], [186]-[190], [252]-[260]
did not usually evince fear, [253]
retreated in good order, [253], [255], [258]
Moses frightens one away, [254]
a gorilla beckons, [255]
a narrow escape, [256]-[258]
an exceptional opportunity, [258]-[259]
a brave baby, [260]
a gorilla takes his own photograph, [264]-[265]
Wilson, Dr., first missionary at Gaboon
wrote lexicon of native language, [216]
Wurmb, Baron, [267]