22. Language.
The Kols of the Central Provinces have practically abandoned their own language, Mundāri being retained only by about 1000 persons in 1911. The Kols and Mundas now speak the Hindu vernacular current in the tracts where they reside. Mundāri, Santāli, Korwa and Bhumij are practically all forms of one language which Sir G. Grierson designates as Kherwāri.[22]
[1] Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Bhumij.
[2] The Mundas and their Country, p. 400.
[3] Linguistic Survey, Munda and Dravidian Languages, vol. vi. p. 7.
[4] Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Munda.
[5] Tribes and Castes of Bengal, p. 15.
[6] Introduction to The Mundas and their Country, p. 9.
[7] Introduction to The Mundas and their Country, p. 9.
[8] Garha is six miles from Jubbulpore.
[9] The Mundas and their Country, p. 124.
[10] Rāsmāla, i. p. 113.
[11] Two baskets slung from a stick across the shoulders.
[12] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 166.
[13] Dalton, p. 152.
[14] November, January and February.
[15] Tribes and Castes, art. Munda.
[16] Thuiya, Bhuiya is a mere jingle.
[17] J.A.S.B., No. 1 of 1903, p. 31.
[18] Dalton, ibidem.
[19] Mr. B. C. Mazumdār’s Monograph.
[20] Roy, ibidem, p. 428.
[21] The Mundas and their Country, p. 121.
[22] Linguistic Survey, vol. iv., Munda and Dravidian Languages, p. 27.