BOOKS
In order to understand the machinery of international trade, reference should be made to Hartiey Withers' Money Changing (5s.), or Clare's A.B.C. of the Foreign Exchanges (3s.); an outline of the subject will be found in any good general text-book on Economics. On the financial situation, see articles on "Lombard Street in War" and "The War and Financial Exhaustion" (Round Table, September and December 1914); "War and the Financial System, August 1914," by J.M. Keynes (Economic Journal, September 1914); and articles in the New Statesman on "Why a Moratorium?" (August 15,1914), and "The Restoration of the Remittance Market" (August 29, 1914). Norman Angell's The Great Illusion (2s. 6d.) should be consulted for an examination of the relations between war and trade. The most accessible book dealing with the foreign trade of the European countries is the Statesman's Year-Book, published annually at 10s. 6d. The chapters reprinted from the Encyclopaedia Britannica are also useful. A valuable article on "The Economic Relations of the British and German Empires," by E. Crammond, appeared in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, July 1914. The same writer published an article on "The Economic Aspects of the War" in The Quarterly Review for October 1914 (6s.). A grasp of the economic development of Germany may be obtained from W.H. Dawson's Evolution of Modern Germany (5s.) and the same writer's Industrial Germany (Nation's Library, 1s.). Mr. F.W. Taylor's Scientific Management (5s.) and Miss J. Goldmark's Fatigue and Efficiency (8s.) explain scientific management. A short account is also given in Layton's Capital and Labour (Nation's Library, 1s.).
The course of unemployment in this country may be traced from the returns published each month in the Board of Trade Labour Gazette (monthly, 1d.). Proposals for dealing with possible and existing distress during the war are to be found in a pamphlet on The War and the Workers, by Sidney Webb (Fabian Society, 1d.). For the possible use of trade unions as a channel for the distribution of public assistance, see an article in The Nation for September 5, 1914, and Mr. G.D.H. Cole's article on "How to help the Cotton Operative" in The Nation for November 7, 1914. The same paper published two suggestive articles on "Relief or Maintenance?" (September 19 and October 3). The situation which has arisen in the woollen and worsted industries owing to the large demand for cloth for the troops is dealt with in an article on "The Government and Khaki," by Arthur Greenwood in The Nation for November 28, 1914. Reference may be made to the official White Paper on Distress; other official documents of note are the following:
"Separation allowances to the Wives and Children of Seamen,
Marines, and Reservists." Cd. 7619. 1914. 1/2d.
"Increased Rates of Separation Allowance for the Wives and
Children of Soldiers." Cd. 7255. 1914. 1/2d.
"Return of Papers relating to the Assistance rendered by the
Treasury to Banks and Discount Houses since the Outbreak of
War on August 4, 1914, and to the Questions of the Advisability
of continuing or ending the Moratorium and of the Nature of
the Banking Facilities now available." H.C. 457 of 1914. 1d.
"Report, dated April 30, 1914, of a Sub-Committee of the Committee
of Imperial Defence on the Insurance of British Shipping in
Time of War, to devise a scheme to ensure that, in case of war,
British Steamships should not be generally laid up, and that
Oversea Commerce should not be interrupted by reason of
inability to cover war risks of Ships and Cargoes by Insurance,
and which would also secure that the insurance rates should not
be so high as to cause an excessive rise in prices." Cd. 7560.
1914. 2 1/2d.
The Government has issued a Manual of Emergency Legislation (3s. 6d.) containing the statutes, proclamations, orders in council, rules, regulations, and notifications used in consequence of the war; the appendices contain other documents (the Declarations of Paris and of London, the Hague Convention, etc.).