(A) Classification as to Fibres.
A. Cotton, flax, and hemp.
B. Wood celluloses, (a) sulphite process, and (b) soda and sulphate process.
C. Esparto and straw celluloses.
D. Mechanical wood pulp.
The Committee find little fault with the Principles which govern the trade in the manufacture of high-class papers, and limit the result of their investigation to the suggestion of a normal standard of quality for book papers required in documents of importance according to the following schedule:—
Fibres.—Not less than 70 per cent. of fibres of Class A.
Sizing.—Not more than 2 per cent. rosin, and finished with the normal acidity of pure alum.
Loading.—Not more than 10 per cent. total mineral matter (ash).
With regard to written documents, it must be evident that the proper materials are those of Class A, and that the paper should be pure, sized with gelatine and not with rosin. All imitations of high-class writing papers, which are in fact merely disguised printing papers, should be carefully avoided.
These recommendations are good as far as they go, but in order to establish the proper standards of quality some specifications must be laid down with regard to the strength of the paper and its physical properties, together with a reference to the use for which the paper is intended. The physical condition of the paper itself apart from the nature of the fibre has much to do with its resistance to wear and tear, and this is easily proved by comparing modern book papers made from esparto with book papers of an earlier date made from the same material.
The only official schedule of requirements in relation to public documents is that issued by the Stationery Office.
The details set out relate chiefly to questions of weight and strength, the limits being expressed in definite form and not allowing much margin for variation in respect of strength or fibrous constituents. Mechanical wood pulp is excluded in all papers except common material as stated in the schedule. The papers required for stock are divided into twelve classes. In each class the trade names of various sized papers are given, the size of the sheet and the weight of the ream, and, where required, any special characteristics are set out. The schedule is as follows:—
Class 1. Hand-made or Mould-made.
General Specification.—Hand-made or mould-made. Animal tub-sized. (“Hand-made” or “Mould-made” to be marked on the wrapper.)
Where special water-marking is required mould will be supplied by the Stationery Office for those papers made by hand.
Class 2. Writings, Air-dried.
General Specification.—Plate rolled. Machine made. Animal tub-sized. Air-dried. (Must bear ink after erasure.)
Note.—The mean breaking strain and mean stretch required are given for each paper. The figures represent the mean of the results obtained for both directions of the sheet, and are calculated on a strip of paper five-eighths of an inch wide and having a free length of seven inches between the clips.
Class 3. Writings, Ordinary.
General Specification.—Rolled. Machine-made. Animal tub-sized.
Class 4. Writings, Coloured.
Specification.—Highly rolled. Machine-made. Animal tub-sized.
Class 5. Blotting Papers.
Specification.—All rag. Machine-made. Free from loading.
Class 6. Printing and Lithographic Papers.
General Specification.—Rolled. Machine-made. Engine-sized. Loading not to exceed 15 per cent.
Class 7. Coloured Printings.
General Specification.—Rolled. Machine-made. Engine-sized.
Class 8. Copying and Tissue Papers.
Specification.—Machine-made. Free from loading. (Copying papers are required to give three good copies.)
Class 9. Brown Papers, Air-dried.
Specification.—Air-dried. Machine-made.
Note.—The mean breaking strain and mean stretch required are given for each paper. The figures represent the mean of the results obtained for both directions of the sheet, and are calculated on a strip of paper two inches wide and having a free length of seven inches between the clips.
In the case of papers indicating a larger breaking strain than the minimum required, a proportional increase in the stretch must also be shown.
Class 10. Brown Paper, Cylinder-dried.
General Specification.—Machine-made.
Note.—The mean breaking strain required is given for each paper. The figures represent the mean of the results obtained for both directions of the sheet, and are calculated on a strip of paper two inches wide and having a free length of seven inches between the clips.
Class 11. Smallhands.
General Specification.—Machine-made. Engine-sized.
Class 12. Buff Papers.
Specification.—Highly finished both sides. Machine-made. Hard engine-sized.
Mechanical wood pulp must not be used in the manufacture of any papers, with the exception of engine-sized coloured printings, and buff papers, where an addition up to 25 per cent. will be allowed.
All animal tub-sized papers are required to be as far as possible free from earthy matter; and, except where specially stated, the amount of loading added to other papers must not exceed 6 per cent.
When sulphite or soda pulps are used, either separately or conjointly, in the manufacture of printing papers, the quantity of neither material shall separately exceed 50 per cent.
The most complete specification as to the requirements for standard papers is that published by the Paper Testing Institute in Germany, and used as the basis of most contracts, at least for public and official documents.
Standards of Quality in Germany.—The classification of papers according to the raw materials used and the nature of the finished paper is very complete. The classification is made under three headings: (A) Raw Material; (B) Strength; (C) Uses.
(A) Classification according to Material.
(1) Paper made from rags only (linen, hemp, and cotton).
(2) Paper made from rags with a maximum of 25 per cent. of cellulose from wood, straw, esparto, manila, etc., but free from mechanical wood pulp.
(3) Paper made from any fibrous material, but free from mechanical wood pulp.
(4) Paper of any fibrous material.
(B) Classification according to Strength.
| Class | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. |
| Mean tearing length in metres | 6,000 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 | 1,000 |
| Elasticity per cent. | 4 | 3·5 | 3 | 2·5 | 2 | 1·5 |
| Resistance to folding (Schoppers' method, number of foldings) | 190 | 190 | 80 | 40 | 20 | 3 |
The tests for tearing length, resistance to folding, elasticity, etc., are made in air showing relative humidity of 65 per cent. The calculations for tearing length are made on strips of paper dried at 100° C.
(C) Classification according to Use.
[CHAPTER XIII]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANALYSIS, TECHNOLOGY, ETC.
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Ditto, 2nd edition, 1907.
Coney, E.—Paper-making Machinery and Fibres. Philadelphia International Exhibition, 1876. U.S.A. Centennial Commission Reports and Awards, Group xiii. 8o, 1876.
Dalheim, C. F.—Taschenbuch f. d. prakt. Papierfabrikanten. 3te Aufl. 1896.
Dammer, O.—Papierfabrikation.
Davis, C. T.—The Manufacture of Paper. Philadelphia, 8o, 1886.
Doumerc and others.—Matériel et procédés de la papeterie, etc. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1867. Rapports du Jury International, Classe 59. 8o, 1867.
Doyle, P.—Paper-making in India, being Notes of a Visit to the Lucknow Paper Mill. Lucknow, 8o, 1885.
Dropisch, B.—Handb. d. Papierfabrikation. 3e Aufl. 31 Taf. in fol. 1881.
Dunbar, J.—The Practical Papermaker. Leith, 12o, 1881.
Hartmann, C.—Handb. d. Papierfabrikation. Taf. 1842.
Hassak, K.—Die Erzeugung des Papieres.
Hausner, A.—Der Holländer. Eine kritische Betrachtung seiner Arbeitsweise mit Bezug auf die Einzelabmessungen seiner Teile und die verarbeiteten Fasern. 1901.
Herring, R.—Paper and Paper-making, Ancient and Modern. London, 8o, 1854.
Ditto, 2nd edition, 1855.
Ditto, 3rd edition, 1863.
Hofmann, C.—A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Paper in All its Branches. Philadelphia, 4o, 1873.
Hofmann, C.—Praktisches Handbuch d. Papierfabrikation. 1873.
Hoffmann, Th.—Papierprägung. Berlin.
Hoyer, E.—Das Papier, seine Beschaffenheit und deren Prüfung. München, 1882.
Hoyer, E.—Über die Entstehung und Bedeutung der Papiernormalien, sowie deren Einfluss auf die Fabrikation des Papieres. München, 1888.
Hoyer, E.—Die Fabrikation des Papiers. 1900.
Hoyer, E.—Die Fabrikation des Papiers, nebst Gewinnung d. Fasern. 1887.
Hübner, J.—Paper Manufacture (Cantor Lectures to the Society of Arts). 1903.
Jagenberg, F.—Das Holländergeschirr. Remscheid. 1894.
Kirchner-Strohbach.—Holländer-Theorie. Biberach. 1904.
Klemm, Dr. P.—Über Papier. Klimsch's Graphische Bibliothek Bd. 3 (Farbe und Papier im Druckgewerbe). 2 Teil. Frankfurt a. M. 1900.
Korschilgen und Selleger.—Technik und Praxis der Papierfabrikation. Berlin, 1906.
Kraft, M.—Grundriss der mechanischen Technologie. Abt. ii. Spinnerei, Weberei, und Papierfabrikation. 2te Aufl. Wiesbaden, 8o, 1895.
Lenormand, L. S.—Manuel du fabricant de papier. Paris, 2 vols., 18o, 1833.
Ditto, 2nd edition. 1834.
Lenormand, L. S.—Nouveau manuel complet du ... fabricant de papiers peints. Nouv. ed. par Vergnand. Paris, 18o, 1854.
Lenormand, L. S.—Handbuch der gesammten Papierfabrikation, 2te Aufl., von C. Hartmann. Weimar, 2 vols., 12o, 1862.
Merz.—Behandlung der Papiermaschine.
Meynier, H.—Papier und Papier-Fabrikate. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1867. Austrian Comm. Berichte. Heft 8. 8o, 1867.
Mierzinski, St.—Handbuch d. Papierfabrikation. 3 Bde. 1886.
Müller, F. A. L.—Die Fabrikation des Papiers, in Sonderheit der auf der Maschinen gefertigten, etc. 3te Aufl. Berlin, 8o, 1862.
Müller, Dr. L.—Die Fabrikation des Papiers. Berlin, 1877.
Olmer, Georges.—Du papier mécanique.
Onfroy.—L'art du papier et le papier d'Arches. 1907.
Paper-Making.—Paper-making, by the Editor of the Paper Mills Directory, London. 2nd edition. 8o, 1876.
Paper-Maker.—The Paper-makers' Handbook and Guide to Paper-making, by a Practical Paper-maker. London, sm. 8o, 1878.
Paper-Manufacture.—Essays by a Society of Gentlemen. No. vi., pp. 21-27. 1717.
Parkinson, R.—Treatise on Paper, with Outline of Manufacture. 1886.
Ditto, 2nd edition, 1896.
Payen, A., and others.—La fabrication du papier et du carton. 3e ed. Paris, 8o, 1881.
Payen, A., and Vigreux, L.—La papeterie. Études sur l'Exposition de 1867. Vol. 8. 8o, 1867.
Pfau, F.—Der junge Papierhändler. Berlin, 1902.
Piette, L.—Manuel ... de papeterie et les succédanés (des chiffons). Paris, 2 vols., 8o, 1861.
Planche, G.—De l'industrie de la papeterie. Paris, 8o, 1853.
Planche, G.—Der Papierfabrikation. Bearbeitet von C. Hartmann. Weimar, 12o, 1853.
Planche, G.—Bericht über die Reinigung der Stoffe zur Papierfabrikation. Uebersetzt und vervollständigt durch eine chronologische Skizze der Papier-Erzeugung und der Verbesserungen an den Maschinen zur Reinigung des Papier-Stoffs von A. Rudel. Leipzig, 8o, 1862.
Prouteaux, A.—Practical Guide for the Manufacture of Paper and (Paper) Boards. With a chapter on Wood Paper in the U.S. by H. T. Brown. Philadelphia, 8o, 1866.
Prouteaux, A.—Guide de la fabrication du papier et du carton. Paris, 12o, 1864.
Raab, R.—Die Schreibmaterialen und die gesamte Papierindustrie. Hamburg, 1888.
Reed, A. E.—Paper Manufacture. Society for the Promotion of Scientific Industry. Artisans' Reports upon the Vienna Exhibition. 8o, 1873.
Richardson, W. H.—The Industrial Resources of the Tyne ... [Paper]. 1864.
Schubert, M.—Traité pratique de la fabrication de la cellulose. Trad. p. E. Bibas. Toile. 1893.
Schubert, M.—Die Praxis der Papierfabrikation mit besond. Berücksichtigung der Stoffmischungen und deren Calculationen. 1897.
Schubert, M.—Die Papierverarbeitung. 2 Bde. 1900-1901.
Bd. I. Die Kartonnagen-Industrie.
Bd. II. Die Buntpapierfabrikation.
Sindall, R. W.—The Manufacture of Paper Pulp in Burma. Government Press. Rangoon, 1907.
Sindall, R. W.—The Manufacture of Paper. 1908. Constable & Co. London.
Twerdy, E.—Papier industrie. Berichte. Wien, 1873.
Vachon, M.—Les arts et les industries du papier. France, 1871-1894.
Valenta, E.—Das Papier, seine Herstellung, Eigenschaften, Prüfung. 1904.
Wanderley, G.—Die Papierfabrikation und Papierfabrikanlage. Leipzig, 1876.
Watt, A.—The Art of Paper-making, with the Recovery of Soda from Waste Liquors. London, sm. 8o, 1890.
Weber, R.—Papier-Industrie. Vienna Universal Exhibition, 1873.
Wehrs, G. F.—Vom Papier, den vor der Erfindung desselben üblich gewesenen Schreibmassen und sonstigen Schreibmaterialien. Halle, 8o, 1789.
Winkler, O.—Der Papierkenner. 1887.
PAPER, SPECIAL KINDS.
Andés, L. E.—Papier-Spezialitäten, praktische Anleitung zur Herstellung. 1896.
Andés, L. E.—Treatment of Paper for Special Purposes. Translated from German. 1907.
Andés, L. E.—Die Fabrikation der Papiermaché und Papierstoff-Waren. Leipzig, 1900.
Andés, L. E.—Blattmetalle, Bronzen und Metallpapiere, deren Herstellung und Anwendung. Wien, sm. 8o, 1902.
Boeck, J. P.—Die Marmorirkunst für Buchbindereien, Buntpapierfabriken. Wien, sm. 8o, 1880.
Briquet, M.—De quelques industries nouvelles dont le papier est la base. Genève, 1885.
Exner, W. F.—Tapeten- und Buntpapier-Industrie. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1867. Austrian Comm. Berichte. Heft 8. 1867.
Exner, W. F.—Tapeten- und Buntpapier. Vienna Universal Exhibition, 1873. Officieller Ausstellungs-Bericht. Heft 53. 8o, 1873.
Fichtenberg.—Nouveau manuel complet du fabricant de papiers de fantaisie, papiers marbrés, etc. Paris, 18o, 1852.
Herring, R.—Guide to Varieties and Value of Paper. 1860.
Hofmann, A. W.—Report on Vegetable Parchment (Gaine's Patent, No. 2834 of 1853). London, 8o, 1858.
Kaeppelin, D.—Fabrication des papiers peints. Lacroix E., Études sur l'exposition de 1867. Vol. 1. 8o, 1867.
Kaeppelin, D.—Fabrication des papiers peints. 1881.
Lindsey, G.—Pens and Papiermaché. Bevan, G. P., Brit. Manufacturing Industries (iii.). 12o, 1876.
Morton, G. H.—The History of Paper-hangings, with Review of other Modes of Mural Decoration. Liverpool, 8o, 1875.
Sanborn, K.—Old Time Wall Papers. 1905.
Schmidt, C. H.—Die Benutzung des Papiermaché. Weimar, 12o, 1847.
Schmidt, C. H.—Die Papier-Tapetenfabrikation. 3te Aufl. Weimar, 12o, 1856.
Schmidt, C. H.—The Book of Papiermaché and Japanning. London, 1850.
Seeman, Th.—Die Tapete, ihre aesthetische Bedeutung u. Techn. Darstellung, sowie kurze Beschreibung der Buntpapierfabrik. 1882.
Silcox.—Manufacture of Paper Barrels. Vienna Exhibition, 1873. U.S.A. Reports, ii.
Smee, A.—Report on Vegetable Parchment (Gaine's Patent, No. 2834 of 1853). London, 8o, 1858.
Thon, C. F. G.—Der Fabrikant bunter Papiere, 3te Aufl. Weimar, 12o, 1844.
Weichelt, A.—Buntpapier-Fabrikation. Berlin, 8o, 1903.
Whiting Paper Co.—How Paper is Made. Holyoke, Mass., 32o, 1893.
Winzer, A.—Die Bereitung und Benutzung der Papiermaché und ähnlicher Kompositionen, 3te Aufl. Weimar, 12o, 1884.
Ditto, 4th edition, 1907.
Woolnough, C. W.—The Whole Art of Marbling, as applied to Paper, Book Edges, etc. London, 8o, 1881.
Wyatt, Sir M. D.—Report on Paper-hangings. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1867. Brit. Comm. Report, Vol. II. 8o, 1867.
STATISTICS AND VARIOUS.
Akesson.—Lexikon der Papier-Industrie. Deutsch-Englisch-Französisch, 2te Aufl. 1905.
Archer, T. C.—British Manufacturing Industries. Vol. 15. Industrial Statistics. London.
Barth, E.—Arbeitsregeln für Fabriken mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Papierfabriken. Karlsruhe, 1897.
Baudisch, J.—Einige ins Papierfach schlagende Berechnungen. Biberach, 1893.
Dyson.—Mosely Commission Report. Manchester, 1903.
Ermel.—Rapport sur le matériel et les procédés de la papeterie, etc. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1878. Rapports. Classe 60. 8o, 1881.
Foreign Office, No. 4 (1871).—Reports on the Manufacture of Paper in Japan. London, fol., 1871.
Geyer, A.—Registry of Water-marks and Trade-marks. Compiled from the American Paper Trade (2nd edition). New York, 1898.
Ditto, 5th edition, 1903.
Gratiot, A.—Description de la papeterie d'Essonnes, London International Exhibition of 1851, Prospectuses of Exhibitors. Vol. 2. 8o, 1851.
Krawany, F.—Warte der Papier-Halbstoff- und Pappenfabriken Oesterreich-Ungarns. 1905.
Landgraf, J.—Papier-Holzschliff und seine Zollpolitische Würdigung. Mannheim.
Lockwood & Co.—American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking. New York, 1895.
Ludwig, G.—Trockengehalts-Tabellen. Pirna, 1897.
MacNaughton, J.—Factory Book-keeping for Paper Mills. 1900.
Mahrlen.—Papierfabrikation, im Königr. Württemberg (im Jahre 1860). Stuttgart, 8o, 1861.
Marr, D.—Kosten der Betriebskräfte bei 1-24 stündiger Arbeitszeit täglich und unter Berücksichtigung des Aufwandes für die Heizung. München u. Berlin.
Melnikoff, N.—Lehrbuch der Papier-Holzschliff, Zellstoff und Pappenfabrikation. Petersburg, 1905.
Melnikoff, N.—Kleines Handbuch Papierfabrikation. Petersburg, 1906.
Melnikoff, N.—Geschichte, Statistik u. Literatur der Papierindustrie nebst russischen Wasserzeichen. Petersburg, 1906.
Munsell, J.—Chronology of Paper-making. Albany, 8o, 1857.
Ditto, 4th edition, 1870.
Munsell, J.—Chronology of the Origin and Progress of Paper and Paper-making. Albany, 1876.
Munsell, J.—Observations Illustrative of the Operation of the Duties on Paper. London, 8o, 1836.
Munsell, J.—Matériel et procédés de la papeterie, etc., 1889. Rapports du Jury. Classe 58. 8o, 1889.
Paris Univ. Exhibition.—Papiers peints, 1889. Rapports du Jury. Classe 21. 8o, 1891.
Passerat, A. L.—Barème complet pour papeteries. Paris.
Patents.—Patent Abridgments. Class 96. Patent Office Abstracts on Paper-making. From 1855 to date.
Roulhac.—Papeterie. Paris Univ. Exhibition, 1867. Rapports du Jury. Classe 7, sect. 1. 8o, 1868.
Sampson, J. T.—Paper-staining. Mansion House Committee. Artisans' Reports, Paris Exhibition. 8o, 1889.
Treasury.—Report of the Excise Commission. 1835.
Vogel, K.—Papierindustrie, etc., Auf der Weltausstellung in Chicago. Chicago Exhibition, 1893. Austrian Central Committee. Officieller Bericht. Heft iv. 8o, 1894.
Voigt, G.—Papiergewichtstabellen. Merseburg, 1894.
Ward, Sir W.—Report on German Paper-making Industry. Parliamentary Paper, 1905.
Water-marks.—Water-marks and Trade-marks Registry (2nd ed.). New York, 16o, 1898.
WOOD PULP AND PULP WOOD.
British and Colonial Printer.—History of Wood Pulp. Vol. 8. 1882.
Dunbar.—Wood Pulp and Wood Pulp Papers.
Fittica, Dr. F.—Geschichte der Sulfitzellstoff-Fabrikation. Leipzig, 1901.
Fittica, Dr. F.—Forestry and Forest Products. [Edinburgh Forestry Exhibition. 1884.]
Gottstein.—Holzzellstoff in seiner Anwendung für die Papier- und Textil-Industrie und die bei seiner Herstellung entstehenden Abwässer. 1904.
Griffin, M. L.—Sulphite Processes. American Society C. E. 417. 1889.
Harper, W.—Utilisation of Wood Waste by Distillation. U.S.A., 1907.
Harpf, A.—Die Erzeugung von Holzschliff und Zellstoff. Wien, 1901.
Harpf, A.—Flüssiges Schwefeldioxyd. Stuttgart, 1901.
Hubbard.—Utilisation of Wood Waste. 1902.
Johnson, G.—Wood Pulp of Canada. 1902-08. Yearly.
Michaelis, O. E.—Lime Sulphite Fibre Manufacture in the United States. With Remarks on the Chemistry of the Processes, by M. L. Griffin (excerpt). New York, 8o, 1889.
Phillips, S. C.—Uses of Wood Pulp. 1904.
Rosenheim, G. M.—Die Holzcellulose. Berlin, 1878.
Schubert, M.—Die Holzstoff oder Holzschliff-Fabrikation. 1898.
Schubert, M.—Die Cellulosefabrikation (Zellstofffabrikation). Praktisches Handbuch für Papier- u. Cellulosetechniker. 1906.
Sindall, R. W.—The Sampling of Wood Pulp. London, 8o, 1901.
Veitch, L. P.—Chemical Methods for Utilising Wood. U.S.A. Department of Agriculture. 1907.
Veitch, L. P.—Wood Pulp, Uses of. U.S.A. Consular Reports, vol. xix.
Banks and Crate.—Pulpwood Problems. Letters to the Globe, Toronto, Canada. 1907.
Gamble, J.—Indian Timbers.
Graves.—The Woodsman's Handbook. U.S.A.
Pinchott, G.—Forestry Primer. U.S.A., 1900.
Pinchott, G.—The Adirondack Spruce. U.S.A.
Rattray, J., and Mill, H. R.—Forestry and Forestry Products. Edinburgh, 1885.
Schlich.—Forestry Manual.
Some more or less interesting articles on “Paper” will be found in the following encyclopædias, etc.:—
DATE.
1738. Chambers's Encyclopædia.
1757. Barrow. Dictionary of Arts.
1759. New. Universal History of Arts.
1770. Royal Dictionary of Arts.
1788. Howard. A Royal Encyclopædia.
1806. Gregory. A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences.
1807. Encyclopædia Perthensis.
1809. Nicholson. The British Encyclopædia.
1813. Martin. Circle of the Mechanical Arts.
1813. Pantologia.
1819. Rees' Cyclopædia.
1821. Encyclopædia Londoniensis.
1827. Jamieson's Dictionary.
1828. Oxford Encyclopædia.
1829. The London Encyclopædia.
1830. Edinburgh Encyclopædia.
1833. Phillip's Dictionary of Arts.
1835. Partington. British Cyclopædia.
1836. Archæologia, vol. xxvi.
1836. Barlow. Encyclopædia of Arts.
1840. The Penny Encyclopædia.
1845. Encyclopædia Metropolitana.
1848. Useful Arts of Great Britain. S.P.C.K
1851. Knight's Cyclopædia of Industry.
1855. Appleton's Dictionary of Mechanics.
1860. Hebert. Mechanic's Encyclopædia.
1861. Knight's English Cyclopædia.
1861. New American Cyclopædia.
1866. Tomlinson's Dictionary of Arts.
1871. Yeats. The Technical History of Commerce.
1874. Clarke's Practical Magazine.
1875. Ure's Dictionary of Arts.
1875. Globe Cyclopædia.
1876. American Mechanical Dictionary.
1877. Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia.
1880. Wylde. Industries of the World.
1882. Spon's Encyclopædia of Manufactures.
1886. Encyclopædia Britannica.
1889. Chambers's Encyclopædia.
1889. Blaikie. Modern Cyclopædia.
1890. Popular Encyclopædia.
1892. Spon's Workshop Receipts.
1903. Gilman. International Encyclopædia.
1904. Encyclopædia Americana.
1904. Tweney's Technological Dictionary.
Newspapers.
England.
Papermaker and British Paper Trade Journal. S. C. Phillips, London.
Papermakers' Circular. Dean & Son, London.
Papermakers' Monthly Journal. Marchant, Singer & Co., London.
Paper Box and Bag Maker. S. C. Phillips, London.
Papermaking. London.
The Paper and Printing Trades' Journal. London.
World's Paper Trade Review. W. J. Stonhill, London.
Canada.
Pulp and Paper Magazine. Biggar-Wilson, Ltd., Toronto.
United States of America.
American Bookmaker. Howard Lockwood & Co., New York.
The Paper Trade. Chicago.
The Stationer. Howard Lockwood & Co., New York.
Paper Mill and Wood Pulp News. L. D. Post & Co., New York.
Paper Trade Journal. Howard Lockwood & Co., New York.
The Paper World. C. W. Bryan & Co., Holyoke, Mass.
France.
Bulletin Journal des Fabricants de Papier. Paris.
Journal des Papetiers. M. Edmond Rousset, Paris.
Le Moniteur de la Papeterie Française. Paris.
La Papeterie. Paris.
La Revue de la Papeterie Française et Étrangère. M. Edmond Rousset, Paris.
Le Papier. H. Everling, Paris.
Germany.
Centralblatt für die Österreichisch-Ungarische Papierindustrie. Adolf Hladufka, Wien.
Der Papierfabrikant. Otto Elsner, Berlin.
Der Papier-Markt. Carl Dobler, Frankfurt a. Main.
Deutsche Papier- und Schreibwarenzeitung. S. Richter, Berlin.
Die Postkarte. Gustav Fahrig, Leipzig.
Export-Journal. G. Hedeler, Leipzig.
Holzstoff-Zeitung. Camillo Drache, Dresden.
Papierhändler Zeitung für Österreich-Ungarn. Wien.
Papier-Industrie. Berlin.
Papier- und Schreibwaren-Zeitung. Wien.
Papier-Zeitung. C. Hofmann, Berlin.
Schweizer Graphischer Central-Anzeiger. H. Keller, Luzern.
Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation. Guntter-Staib Biberach (Württ).
Wochenschrift für den Papier- und Schreibwarenhandel. Dr. H. Hirschberg, Berlin.
ANALYSIS, TECHNOLOGY.
Beadle and Stevens.—Blotting paper, nature of absorbency. 1905.
Winkler.—Estimation of Moisture in Wood-pulp. 1902. Translated by Dr. H. P. Stevens.
Hauptversammlung.—Published annually by the Verein der Zellstoff- und Papier-Chemiker. Berlin, 1907 et.
FIBRES, etc.
Dodge, C. R.—Catalogue of useful Fibre-plants of the World. Report No. 9. Dept. of Agriculture. U.S.A., 1897.
Duchesne, E. A.—Répertoire des plantes utiles et des plantes vénéneuses du globe, etc. Bruxelles, 1846.
Gabalde, B.—Essai sur le bananier et ses applications à la fabrication de papier. 1843.
Montessus de Ballore.—Alfa et papier d'Alfa. 1908.
Pecheux.—Les textiles, les tissus, le papier. 6 pp. Paris, 1907.
Renouard.—Études sur les fibres textiles. Paris.
Renouard.—Les fibres textiles de l'Algérie. Paris.
Riviere, Auguste et Charles.—“Les Bambous.” Société d'Acclimatation. Paris.
Richmond, G. F.—Philippine Fibres and Fibrous Substances. Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1906.
HISTORICAL.
Briquet, C. M.—Recherches sur les premiers Papiers employés du Xe au XIVe siècle. pp. 77. Paris, 1886.
Briquet, C. M.—De la valeur des Filigranes du Papier comme moyen de déterminer l'âge de documents. pp. 13. Genève, 1892.
Briquet, C. M.—La Légende paléographique du Papier de Coton. pp. 18. Genève, 1884.
Briquet, C. M.—Lettre sur les Papiers usités en Sicile à l'occasion de deux manuscrits en papier dit le coton. 16 pp. Palermo, 1892.
Desmarest, N.—Art de la Papeterie. Paris, 1879.
Delon, C.—Histoire d'un livre. Paris, 1879.
Didot, A. F.—Le centenaire de la Machine à Papier continu. pp. 79. Paris, 1900.
Dickinson, J.—Dickinson's Paper Mills. Calcutta, 1884.
Girard, A.—Le Papier. Ses ancêtres. Son histoire. Lille, 1892.
Julien, S.—Description des procédés chinois pour la fabrication du papier. Traduit de l'ouvrage chinois par Thien-Kong-Kha-We. 1840.
Kay, J.—Paper, its history. pp. 100. London, 1893.
Lempertz, H.—Beiträge zur Geschichte des Leinen-Papiers. Köln, 1891.
PAPER MANUFACTURE.
Bory, P.—Les Métamorphoses d'un Chiffon. Abbeville, 1897.
Chabrol, L.—La Réglementation du Travail dans l'industrie du papier. pp. 168. Paris, 1901.
Demuth, F.—Die Papier-Fabrikation. 1903.
Demuth, F.—Die Störungen im deutschen Wirtschaftsleben 1900. Leipzig, 1903.
Limoge.—Cercles d'Études commerciales, Le Papier. pp. 140. Limoge, 1892.
PAPER, SPECIAL KINDS.
Spalding and Hodge.—Printing papers; a handbook. London, 1905.
STATISTICS, etc.
Beadle, C.—Development of Water-marking. London, 1906 (Society of Arts).
Dumercy.—Bibliographie de la Papeterie. pp. 28. Bruxelles, 1888.
Bruce, H.—Gladstone and Paper Duties. Edinburgh, 1885.
Ellis, J. B.—Hints for the Paper Warehouse. Leeds, 1887.
Webster, J.—Synopsis of Sizes of Paper. Southport, 1889.
Whitson, W.—The Concise Paper Calculator. Edinburgh, 1903.
WOOD PULP, etc.
Dropisch, B.—Holzstoff und Holzcellulose. Weimar, 1879.
[INDEX]
Acid dyes, [201]
Acid in papers, [239]
Acid size, [170]
Agave, [40]
Alum, [167], [168]
Aniline dyes, [201]
Aniline sulphate, [121]
Animal size, [63], [164]
Antichlors, [163]
Art paper, [142]
Art imitation, [145]
Art testing, [147]
Asbestos, [174]
Ash in paper, [171]
Backwater, [120], [205]
Bagasse, [41]
Bamboo, [43]
Barker, [97]
Beating engines, [186]
patents, [192]
power consumed, [191]
Beating, conditions of, [197]
Beating, early methods of, [176]
Beating, experiments in, [179]
Beating, process of, [58], [175]
Bibliography, [253]
Bisulphite of lime, [159]
Bleaching, [57], [83]
powder, [161]
Blue prints, [140]
Board machine, [132], [135]
Boards, manufacture of, [131]
Boards, duplex, [132], [134]
Book papers, quality of, [246]
Books, decay of, [237]
Brown papers, [127]
Carbonic acid recorder, [215]
Casein, [165], [235]
Caustic soda, [81], [155]
Cellulose, [21]
derivatives of, [29]
hydrolysis of, [27], [229]
oxidation of, [28]
percentage of, in plants, [23]
properties of, [26]
Chemical residues in paper, [238]
Chemical wood pulp, [104]
Chemicals, [153]
China clay, [117], [150], [171], [204], [234]
Coal consumption, [214]
Coated paper, [142]
Cold ground pulp, [100]
Colophony, [169]
Colour of paper, fading of, [203], [241]
Colour of paper, matching, [205]
Colour of paper, unevenness of, [203]
Colouring of paper pulp, [199]
Colouring analysis of, [206]
Cotton, [22], [69]
Cyanotype papers, [140]
Cylinder machine, [131]
Density of paper, [181]
Deterioration of paper, [228], [246]
Digesters, [52], [89], [109]
Dilution tables, [157], [163]
Duplex boards, [134]
Dyeing of paper, [199]
Eibel patent, [223]
Electrical power, [219]
Electrolytic bleaching, [57]
Engine sizing, [117], [167]
Esparto, [72]
bleaching of, [83]
composition of, [73]
test for, in papers, [87]
yield of, [77]
Evaporation apparatus, [76], [79]
Evaporation tables, [81]
Featherweight papers, [232]
Fibres for paper-making, [38]
examination of, [43]
reagents for staining, [71]
Flax, [40]
Fourdrinier machine, early, [16]
French chalk, [173]
Gas producer, [218]
Gelatine, [63], [164], [237]
Glue, [137], [142], [235]
Grinders, [100]
History of paper, [1]
Hoernle, [7]
Hollander, [16], [59], [176], [185]
Hot ground pulp, [100]
Imitation art paper, [145], [235]
Imitation Kraft paper, [129]
Imitation parchment, [137]
Improvements in paper-making, [214]
Iron in paper, [229]
Kraft papers, [128]
Laid papers, [66]
Lime, [52], [157]
bisulphite, [159]
sulphate, [173]
Linen fibre, [70]
Loading, [171]
M. G. caps, [130]
Machinery, [214], [224]
Manila paper, [127]
Mechanical pulp, [95]
detection of, [121]
Metanil yellow, [122]
Middles, [134]
Mitscherlich pulp, [107]
Moisture, influence of, [243]
Multiple effect evaporation, [79]
Neutral size, [169]
Newspaper, [116], [215]
Output of a paper machine, [122]
Paper, art, [142]
Paper, ash in, [171]
Paper, brown, [127]
Paper, bulk of, [231]
Paper, chemical residues in, [238]
Paper, clay in, [234]
Paper, colour of, [199], [241]
Paper, colour in, analysis of, [207]
Paper, deterioration of, [229]
Paper, fibres for, [38]
Paper, history of, [1], [5]
Paper, iron in, [239]
Paper, permanence of, [230]
Paper, rags used for, [47]
Paper, sizing of, [63]
Paper, special kinds of, [137]
Paper, standards of quality, [246]
Paper, strength, of, [184], [231]
Paper, surface of, [233]
Paper, volume composition of, [233]
Paper machine, early, [16]
Paper machine, output of, [122]
Papier-maché, [150]
Papyrus, [2], [42]
Paraffin paper, [148]
Parchment, [4]
paper, [137]
Peat, [41]
Phloroglucine, [121]
Pigments, [199]
Porion evaporator, [76]
Presse-pâte, [86]
Prussian blue, [200]
Rag paper, manufacture of, [47]
Rag paper, origin of, [5]
Rags, bleaching, [55]
Rags, boiling, [51]
Rags, classification, [48]
Rags, sorting, [48]
Ramie, [40]
Records, early, [1]
Recovered ash, [158]
Recovery processes, [78], [113]
Refiners, [90]
Rope browns, [127]
Rosin size, [117], [169], [236]
Screens, [102]
Sealings, [129]
Shrinkage of paper, [181]
Sizing of paper, [63], [117], [167]
Society of Arts, [246]
Soda, [153]
Soda pulp, [107], [113]
Soda recovery, [78]
Soda silicate of, [166], [171]
Softening of water, [216]
Spent liquors, [78], [113]
Staining reagents for fibres, [71]
Standards of quality, [246], [248], [250]
Starch, [166], [237]
Stationery Office, [248]
Stone beater rolls, [189]
Straw, [88]
Sulphate pulp, [107]
Sulphite pulp, [107]
Sulphites, [159], [163]
Supercalender, [65]
Superheated steam, [218]
Tinfoil paper, [148]
Transfer paper, [149]
Ultramarine, [199]
Volume composition of paper, [233]
Vulcanised fibre, [139]
Water softening, [216]
Watermarks, [67]
Wavy edges, [243]
Waxed paper, [147]
Wet press machine, [103]
Wiesner, [6]
Willesden paper, [139]
Wood, [22]
pulp, [95]
chemical, [104]
mechanical, [95]
soda, [107], [113]
sulphite, [107]
Wove papers, [66]
Wrappers, [127]
BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS, LONDON AND TONBRIDGE.
VAN NOSTRAND'S
“Westminster” Series
Bound in uniform style. Fully Illustrated. Price $2·00 net each.
The Volumes in the “Westminster” Series have been designed to meet the growing demand for books on practical subjects; to bring within the ken of the non-technical reader an accurate knowledge of manufacturing processes and the practical application of modern science to industries. Each volume is written by an expert to the end that practical readers and all who are engaged in the numerous allied branches of the engineering and technical trades may have reliable works of reference. The series provides for a class not hitherto reached in published works. The volumes can be easily read by the general public, and make excellent handbooks at a moderate price for the student.
The series is well suited to public libraries and will be found valuable for libraries in engineering shops and factories.
D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY
Publishers and Booksellers
23, Murray and 27, Warren Streets, New York.
Coal. By James Tonge, M.I.M.E., F.G.S., etc. (Lecturer on Mining at Victoria University, Manchester). With 46 Illustrations, many of them showing the Fossils found in the Coal Measures.
List of Contents: History. Occurrence. Mode of Formation of Coal Seams. Fossils of the Coal Measures. Botany of the Coal-Measure Plants. Coalfields of the British Isles. Foreign Coalfields. The Classification of Coals. The Valuation of Coal. Foreign Coals and their Values. Uses of Coal. The Production of Heat from Coal. Waste of Coal. The Preparation of Coal for the Market. Coaling Stations of the World. Index.
This book on a momentous subject is provided for the general reader who wishes accurate knowledge of Coal, its origin, position and extent, and its economical utilization and application.
Iron and Steel. By J. H. Stansbie, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C. With 86 Illustrations.
List of Contents: Introductory. Iron Ores. Combustible and other materials used in Iron and Steel Manufacture. Primitive Methods of Iron and Steel Production. Pig Iron and its Manufacture. The Refining of Pig Iron in Small Charges. Crucible and Weld Steel. The Bessemer Process. The Open Hearth Process. Mechanical Treatment of Iron and Steel. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel. Iron and Steel under the Microscope. Heat Treatment of Iron and Steel. Electric Smelting. Special Steels. Index.
The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive view of the modern aspects of iron and steel, together with a sufficient account of its history to enable the reader to follow its march of progress. The methods of producing varieties of the metal suitable to the requirements of the engineer, foundryman and mechanician are described so that the worker may learn the history of the material he is handling.
Natural Sources of Power. By Robert S. Ball, B.Sc., A.M.Inst.C.E. With 104 Diagrams and Illustrations.
Contents: Preface. Units with Metric Equivalents and Abbreviations. Length and Distance. Surface and Area. Volumes. Weights or Measures. Pressures. Linear Velocities, Angular Velocities. Acceleration. Energy. Power. Introductory Water Power and Methods of Measuring. Application of Water Power to the Propulsion of Machinery. The Hydraulic Turbine. Various Types of Turbine. Construction of Water Power Plants. Water Power Installations. The Regulation of Turbines. Wind Pressure, Velocity, and Methods of Measuring. The Application of Wind Power to Industry. The Modern Windmill. Constructional Details. Power of Modern Windmills. Appendices A, B, C. Index.
Two departments of Engineering and their applications to industry form the subject of this volume: the “natural” sources of water and wind power which supply mechanical energy without any intermediate stage of transformation. Most people will be surprised at the extent to which these natural power producers are used. The widespread application of water power is generally known, but it is interesting to learn that the demand for windmills was never so great as it is to-day, and there are signs of abnormal expansion in the direction of their useful application in the great agricultural countries of the world. Though primarily of importance to the engineer, this work will be of great interest to every manufacturer who in economizing his means of power production can take the natural forces that lie to his hand and harness them in his service. The author is the son of Sir Robert Ball, the eminent mathematician and astronomer.
Liquid and Gaseous Fuels, and the Part they play in Modern Power Production. By Professor Vivian B. Lewes, F.I.C., F.C.S., Prof. of Chemistry, Royal Naval College, Greenwich. With 54 Illustrations.
List of Contents: Lavoisier's Discovery of the Nature of Combustion, etc. The Cycle of Animal and Vegetable Life. Method of determining Calorific Value. The Discovery of Petroleum in America. Oil Lamps, etc. The History of Coal Gas. Calorific Value of Coal Gas and its Constituents. The History of Water Gas. Incomplete Combustion. Comparison of the Thermal Values of our Fuels, etc. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
The subject of this book has, during the last decade, assumed such importance that it is hoped this account of the history and development of the use of various forms of combustible liquids and gases for the generation of energy may do some service in its advancement.
Electric Power and Traction. By F. H. Davies, A.M.I.E.E. With 66 Illustrations.
List of Contents: Introduction. The Generation and Distribution of Power. The Electric Motor. The Application of Electric Power. Electric Power in Collieries. Electric Power in Engineering Workshops. Electric Power in Textile Factories. Electric Power in the Printing Trade. Electric Power at Sea. Electric Power on Canals. Electric Traction. The Overhead System and Track Work. The Conduit System. The Surface Contact System. Car Building and Equipment. Electric Railways. Glossary. Index.
The majority of the allied trades that cluster round the business of electrical engineering are connected in some way or other with its power and traction branches. To members of such trades and callings, to whom some knowledge of applied electrical engineering is desirable if not strictly essential, the book is particularly intended to appeal. It deals almost entirely with practical matters, and enters to some extent into those commercial considerations which in the long run must overrule all others.
Town Gas and its Uses for the Production of Light, Heat, and Motive Power. By W. H. Y. Webber, C.E. With 71 Illustrations.
List of Contents: The Nature and Properties of Town Gas. The History and Manufacture of Town Gas. The By-Products of Coal Gas Manufacture. Gas Lights and Lighting. Practical Gas Lighting. The Cost of Gas Lighting. Heating and Warming by Gas. Cooking by Gas. The Healthfulness and Safety of Gas in all its uses. Town Gas for Power Generation, including Private Electricity Supply. The Legal Relations of Gas Suppliers, Consumers, and the Public. Index.
The “country,” as opposed to the “town,” has been defined as “the parts beyond the gas lamps.” This book provides accurate knowledge regarding the manufacture and supply of town gas and its uses for domestic and industrial purposes. Few people realize the extent to which this great industry can be utilized. The author has produced a volume which will instruct and interest the generally well informed but not technically instructed reader.
Electro-Metallurgy. By J. B. C. Kershaw, F.I.C. With 61 Illustrations.
Contents: Introduction and Historical Survey. Aluminium. Production. Details of Processes and Works. Costs. Utilization. Future of the Metal. Bullion and Gold. Silver Refining Process. Gold Refining Processes. Gold Extraction Processes. Calcium Carbide and Acetylene Gas. The Carbide Furnace and Process. Production. Utilization. Carborundum. Details of Manufacture. Properties and Uses. Copper. Copper Refining. Descriptions of Refineries. Costs. Properties and Utilization. The Elmore and similar Processes. Electrolytic Extraction Processes. Electro-Metallurgical Concentration Processes. Ferro-alloys. Descriptions of Works. Utilization. Glass and Quartz Glass. Graphite. Details of Process. Utilization. Iron and Steel. Descriptions of Furnaces and Processes. Yields and Costs. Comparative Costs. Lead. The Salom Process. The Betts Refining Process. The Betts Reduction Process. White Lead Processes. Miscellaneous Products. Calcium. Carbon Bisulphide. Carbon Tetra-Chloride. Diamantine. Magnesium. Phosphorus. Silicon and its Compounds. Nickel. Wet Processes. Dry Processes. Sodium. Descriptions of Cells and Processes. Tin. Alkaline Processes for Tin Stripping. Acid Processes for Tin Stripping. Salt Processes for Tin Stripping. Zinc. Wet Processes. Dry Processes. Electro-Thermal Processes. Electro-Galvanizing. Glossary. Name Index.
The subject of this volume, the branch of metallurgy which deals with the extraction and refining of metals by aid of electricity, is becoming of great importance. The author gives a brief and clear account of the industrial developments of electro-metallurgy, in language that can be understood by those whose acquaintance with either chemical or electrical science may be but slight. It is a thoroughly practical work descriptive of apparatus and processes, and commends itself to all practical men engaged, in metallurgical operations, as well as to business men, financiers, and investors.
Radio-Telegraphy. By C. C. F. Monckton, M.I.E.E. With 173 Diagrams and Illustrations.
Contents: Preface. Electric Phenomena. Electric Vibrations. Electro-Magnetic Waves. Modified Hertz Waves used in Radio-Telegraphy. Apparatus used for Charging the Oscillator. The Electric Oscillator: Methods of Arrangement, Practical Details. The Receiver: Methods of Arrangement, The Detecting Apparatus, and other details. Measurements in Radio-Telegraphy. The Experimental Station at Elmers End: Lodge-Muirhead System. Radio-Telegraph Station at Nauen: Telefunken System. Station at Lyngby: Poulsen System. The Lodge-Muirhead System, the Marconi System, Telefunken System, and Poulsen System. Portable Stations. Radio-Telephony. Appendices: The Morse Alphabet. Electrical Units used in this Book. International Control of Radio-Telegraphy. Index.
The startling discovery twelve years ago of what is popularly known as Wireless Telegraphy has received many no less startling additions since then. The official name now given to this branch of electrical practice is Radio-Telegraphy. The subject has now reached a thoroughly practicable stage, and this book presents it in clear, concise form. The various services for which Radio-Telegraphy is or may be used are indicated by the author. Every stage of the subject is illustrated by diagrams or photographs of apparatus, so that, while an elementary knowledge of electricity is presupposed, the bearings of the subject can be grasped by every reader. No subject is fraught with so many possibilities of development for the future relationships of the peoples of the world.
India-Rubber and its Manufacture, with Chapters on Gutta-Percha and Balata. By H. L. Terry, F.I.C., Assoc.Inst.M.M. With Illustrations.
List of Contents: Preface. Introduction: Historical and General. Raw Rubber. Botanical Origin. Tapping the Trees. Coagulation. Principal Raw Rubbers of Commerce. Pseudo-Rubbers. Congo Rubber. General Considerations. Chemical and Physical Properties. Vulcanization. India-rubber Plantations. India-rubber Substitutes. Reclaimed Rubber. Washing and Drying of Raw Rubber. Compounding of Rubber. Rubber Solvents and their Recovery. Rubber Solution. Fine Cut Sheet and Articles made therefrom. Elastic Thread. Mechanical Rubber Goods. Sundry Rubber Articles. India-rubber Proofed Textures. Tyres. India-rubber Boots and Shoes. Rubber for Insulated Wires. Vulcanite Contracts for India-rubber Goods. The Testing of Rubber Goods. Gutta-Percha. Balata. Bibliography. Index.
Tells all about a material which has grown immensely in commercial importance in recent years. It has been expressly written for the general reader and for the technologist in other branches of industry.
Glass Manufacture. By Walter Rosenhain, Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy in the National Physical Laboratory, late Scientific Adviser in the Glass Works of Messrs. Chance Bros. and Co. With Illustrations.
Contents: Preface. Definitions. Physical and Chemical Qualities. Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties. Transparency and Colour. Raw materials of manufacture. Crucibles and Furnaces for Fusion. Process of Fusion. Processes used in Working of Glass. Bottle. Blown and Pressed. Rolled or Plate. Sheet and Crown. Coloured. Optical Glass: Nature and Properties, Manufacture. Miscellaneous Products. Appendix. Bibliography of Glass Manufacture. Index.
This volume is for users of glass, and makes no claim to be an adequate guide or help to those engaged in glass manufacture itself. For this reason the account of manufacturing processes has been kept as non-technical as possible. In describing each process the object in view has been to give an insight into the rationale of each step, so far as it is known or understood, from the point of view of principles and methods rather than as mere rule of thumb description of manufacturing manipulations. The processes described are, with the exception of those described as obsolete, to the author's definite knowledge, in commercial use at the present time.
Precious Stones. By W. Goodchild, M.B., B.Ch. With 42 Illustrations. With a Chapter on Artificial Stones. By Robert Dykes.
List of Contents: Introductory and Historical. Genesis of Precious Stones. Physical Properties. The Cutting and Polishing of Gems. Imitation Gems and the Artificial Production of Precious Stones. The Diamond. Fluor Spar and the Forms of Silica. Corundum, including Ruby and Sapphire. Spinel and Chrysoberyl. The Carbonates and the Felspars. The Pyroxene and Amphibole Groups. Beryl, Cordierite, Lapis Lazuli and the Garnets. Olivine, Topaz, Tourmaline and other Silicates. Phosphates, Sulphates, and Carbon Compounds.
An admirable guide to a fascinating subject.
Patents, Designs and Trade Marks: The Law and Commercial Usage. By Kenneth R. Swan, B.A. (Oxon.), of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
Contents: Table of Cases Cited—Part I.—Letters Patent. Introduction. General. Historical. I., II., III. Invention, Novelty, Subject Matter, and Utility the Essentials of Patentable Invention. IV. Specification. V. Construction of Specification. VI. Who May Apply for a Patent. VII. Application and Grant. VIII. Opposition. IX. Patent Rights. Legal Value. Commercial Value. X. Amendment. XI. Infringement of Patent. XII. Action for Infringement. XIII. Action to Restrain Threats. XIV. Negotiation of Patents by Sale and Licence. XV. Limitations on Patent Right. XVI. Revocation. XVII. Prolongation. XVIII. Miscellaneous. XIX. Foreign Patents. XX. Foreign Patent Laws: United States of America. Germany. France. Table of Cost, etc., of Foreign Patents. Appendix A.—1. Table of Forms and Fees. 2. Cost of Obtaining a British Patent. 3. Convention Countries. Part II.—Copyright in Design. Introduction. I. Registrable Designs. II. Registration. III. Marking. IV. Infringement. Appendix B.—1. Table of Forms and Fees. 2. Classification of Goods. Part III.—Trade Marks. Introduction. I. Meaning of Trade Mark. II. Qualification for Registration. III. Restrictions on Registration. IV. Registration. V. Effect of Registration. VI. Miscellaneous. Appendix C.—Table of Forms and Fees. Indices. 1. Patents. 2. Designs. 3. Trade Marks.
This is the first book on the subject since the New Patents Act. Its aim is not only to present the existing law accurately and as fully as possible, but also to cast it in a form readily comprehensible to the layman unfamiliar with legal phraseology. It will be of value to those engaged in trades and industries where a knowledge of the patenting of inventions and the registration of trade marks is important. Full information is given regarding patents in foreign countries.
The Book; Its History and Development. By Cyril Davenport, V.D., F.S.A. With 7 Plates and 126 Figures in the text.
List of Contents: Early Records. Rolls, Books and Book bindings. Paper. Printing. Illustrations. Miscellanea. Leathers. The Ornamentation of Leather Bookbindings without Gold. The Ornamentation of Leather Bookbindings with Gold, Bibliography. Index.
The romance of the Book and its development from the rude inscriptions on stone to the magnificent de Luxe tomes of to-day have never been so excellently discoursed upon as in this volume. The history of the Book is the history of the preservation of human thought. This work should be in the possession of every book lover.
Van Nostrand's “Westminster” Series
LIST OF NEW AND FORTHCOMING VOLUMES.
Timber. By J. R. Baterden, A.M.I.C.E.
Steam Engines. By J. T. Rossiter, M.I.E.E., A.M.I.M.E.
Electric Lamps. By Maurice Solomon, A.C.G.I., A.M.I.E.E.
The Railway Locomotive. By Vaughan Pendred, M.I.Mech.E.
Leather. By H. Garner Bennett.
Pumps and Pumping Machinery. By James W. Rossiter, A.M.I.M.E.
Workshop Practice. By Professor G. F. Charnock, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.
Textiles and their Manufacture. By Aldred Barker, M.Sc.
Gold and Precious Metals. By Thomas K. Rose, D.Sc., of the Royal Mint.
Photography. By Alfred Watkins, Past President of the Photographic Convention.
Commercial Paints and Painting. By A. S. Jennings, Hon. Consulting Examiner, City and Guilds of London Institute.
Ornamental Window Glass Work. By A. L. Duthie.
Brewing and Distilling. By James Grant, F.C.S.
Wood Pulp and Its Applications. By C. F. Cross, E. J. Bevan and R. W. Sindall.
The Manufacture of Paper. By R. W. Sindall.
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