INDEX

Absolute, the, [307], [309], [332], [391], [392], [400], [404];
being, [308];
substance, [312];
ideal, [326];
spirit, [349 (note)], [358 ff.];
mind, [349 (note)], [358], [380], [322 ff.]
Absolute Idealism, [chap. xi];
general meaning, [177], [349 (note)], [400];
criticism of, [349], [365], [385], [411], [416];
epistemology of, [368 ff.];
as related to Kant, [380];
direct argument for, [383];
ethics of, [386 ff.];
religion of, [390 ff.];
of present day, [402 ff.], [410].
Absolute Realism, [chap. x];
general meaning, [306 (note)], [400];
epistemology of, [339];
ethics of, [342];
religion of, [346];
criticism of, [338], [416].
Abstract, the, [139].
Activity, [209], [285], [295].
Æsthetics, [189].
Agnosticism, [168], [252 ff.]
Anaxagoras, [239];
quoted, [162].
Anaximander, [224].
Anselm, Saint, [200].
Anthropomorphism, [109].
Appreciation, [25], [402].
Aristotle, in formal logic, [186];
ethics of, [195], [345];
psychology of, [208];
philosophy of, [306], [332 ff.];
and Plato, [333], [336];
and Spinoza, [336];
epistemology of, [339];
religion of, [346], [429];
on evil, [353].
Atomism, [166], [229].
Also see under [Leucippus], and [Democritus].
Attitude, [62].
Attribute, in Spinoza, [312 ff.]
Augustine, Saint, on communion with God, [68];
on pietism, [195];
his conception of self, [372].
Automatism, [248].
Baal, religion of, [88].
Bacon, Francis, on thought and action, [430].
Balfour, A. J., on materialism, [264].
Beauty, in æsthetics, [189];
in Plato, [327], [332].
Being, Eleatic conception of, [308 ff.]
Belief, key to definition of religion, [58];
general characters applied to religion, [59 ff.];
in persons and dispositions, [62];
examples of religions, [66 ff.];
object of religions, [65], [82], [97];
relation to logic, [182], [183].
Bentham, [262].
Berkeley, on idealism, [176];
relation to common-sense, [267];
his refutation of material substance, [275 ff.];
epistemology of, [277], [296], [369];
theory of mathematics, [279];
his spiritualism, [280], [284], [292];
his conception of God, [284], [293];
ethics of, [302];
religion of, [304].
Buddhism, [78].
Cause, in science, [131];
God as first, [203];
of motion, [231 ff.];
spirit as, [293 ff.]
Christianity, persistence of, [76];
essence of, [86];
development from Judaism, [94];
ethics of, [195], [198], [386];
idea of God in, [200 ff.], [205];
emphasis on self-consciousness in, [372].
Comte, [115].
Contemplation, [428].
Conversion, [69 ff.]
Corporeal Being, [224];
processes of, [225];
Berkeley's critique of, [278];
historical conceptions of, [229].
Cosmological Proof, the, of God, [203].
Cosmology, general meaning of, [159];
mechanism in, [161], [225];
teleology in, [161].
Cosmos, origin of, [242].
Critical Method, [319 ff.]
Cynicism, [259].
Cyrenaicism, [259].
Dante, as philosopher-poet, [42 ff.];
general meaning of the Divine Comedy, [43];
and Thomas Aquinas, [43], [46];
his vision of the ways of God, [46];
on contemplation, [428].
Darwin, [204].
Deism, [207].
Democritus, [247].
Also see [Atomism].
Descartes, on function of philosophy, [154];
dualism of, [272], [412];
his theory of space and matter, [229];
automatism of, [248];
epistemology of, [341], [375];
his conception of self, [374].
Description, as method of science, [128].
Dialectic, in Plato, [320];
in Hegel, [361].
Diogenes, [259].
Dogmatism, [167].
Dualism, general meaning, [162];
of Descartes, [272], [412].
Duty, [196], [356], [360], [386].
Eclecticism, contemporary, [398 ff.], [413].
Eleatics.
See under [Parmenides], and [Zeno].
Emerson, on spirit, [359];
on nature, [364];
on absolute, [392];
on necessity, [393];
on faith, [424].
Empiricism, general meaning, [168];
in logic, [187];
in naturalism, [252 ff.];
of Locke, [274];
of Berkeley, [274 ff.]
Energy, development of, conception of, [236 ff.]
Epistemology, relation to metaphysics, [150];
definition of, [164];
fundamental problems of, [168], [172];
argument for God from, [202];
of naturalism, [248], [252 ff.], [257];
of Descartes, [273], [341], [375];
of Berkeley, [277], [296];
of absolute realism, [339], [351];
of Leibniz, [340], [341];
of Plato, [340], [341];
of Hume, [376];
of Aristotle, [340], [341];
of absolute idealism, [351], [368 ff.];
of present day, [408 ff.]
Eternal, the, [309].
Ether, [230].
Ethics, relation to metaphysics, [151], [196 ff.], [360];
its origin in Socratic method, [181];
definition of, [191];
special problems and theories in, [191 ff.];
of Socrates, [192], [194];
of Aristotle, [195], [345];
of naturalism, [258 ff.];
of subjectivism, [298 ff.];
of Schopenhauer, [299];
argument for God from, [203];
individualism in, [301];
pluralism in, [302], [421];
of Stoics and Spinoza, [342];
Platonic, [342];
of Kant, [386];
of absolute idealism, [388].
Eudæmonism, [195].
Evil, Problem of, [317], [336], [339], [352], [365 ff.];
in Greek philosophy, [352];
in absolute idealism, [367], [418].
Evolution, of cosmos, [242 ff.];
of morality, [262].
Experience, [410], [411], [412];
analysis of, by Kant, [354].
Faith, [424];
special interests of, [199].
See also [Religion] and [Belief].
Ferguson, Chas., quoted, [265].
Fichte, [360], [402].
Fielding, H., quoted on religion, [59], [74].
Force, development of conception of, [231 ff.]
Form, in Aristotle, [334].
Freedom, in ethics, [196], [388];
meanings and theories, [211].
God, as guarantee of ideals, [18], [425];
personality of, [62], [108 ff.];
St. Augustine's communion with, [68];
presence of, [68];
as a disposition from which consequences may be expected, [85];
meaning of, in religion, [87];
idea of, in Judaism and Christianity, [92];
why historical, [102];
social relation with, [103];
the ontological proof of, [200];
ethical and epistemological arguments for, [202];
cosmological proof of, [203];
teleological proof of, [204];
relation to the world, in theism, pantheism and deism, [205 ff.];
will of, [212];
conception of, in Berkeley, [284], [293 ff.];
conception and proof of, in Spinoza, [312 ff.], [392], [393];
conception of, in Plato, [331], [352], [391], [393];
conception of, in Leibniz, [338], [353].
Also see [Absolute].
Goethe, on Spinoza, and on philosophy, [51];
on pragmatism, [407].
Good, the, theories of, in ethics, [191 ff.];
and the real, [326 ff.], [421 ff.]
Greek, religion, in Homer and Lucretius, [89];
ideals, [195], [198], [429].
Green, T. H., quoted, [369], [385 (note)].
Haeckel, quoted, [236], [266].
Hedonism, [192].
Hegel, on science, [129];
philosophy of, [150], [361 ff.];
relation to Kant, [381];
on the absolute, [382];
ethics of, [390].
Heraclitus, [308].
History, philosophy of, in Hegel, [363].
Hobbes, his misconception of relations of philosophy and science, [115];
quoted on ethics, [261].
Holbach, [251], [252].
Homer, on Greek religion, [90].
Humanism, [320], [404], [405].
Hume, positivism of, [115], [377];
phenomenalism of, [283];
and Descartes, [376].
Huxley, quoted, [255], [266].
Hylozoism, [225].
Ideal, the, in Plato, [326];
validity of, [416].
Idealism, various meanings of term, [173 (note)];
meaning of, as theory of knowledge, [175 ff.], [409];
of present day, [409 ff.];
empirical, see [Subjectivism], [Phenomenalism], [Spiritualism];
absolute, see [Absolute Idealism].
Ideals, in life, [10 ff.];
adoption of, [17 ff.]
Ideas, the, in Plato, [329].
Imagination, in poetry, [99];
place of, in religion, [80], [97 ff.];
special functions of, in religion, [101 ff.];
scope of, in religion, [105 ff.];
and the personality of God, [110].
Imitatio Christi, quoted, [68].
Immanence Theory, [412], [413].
Immortality, [212].
Individualism, [301], [320], [338], [404].
Intuitionism, in ethics, [196].
James, William, quoted on religion, [65], [71], [305].
Judaism, development of, [92];
and Christianity, [94].
Kant, his transcendentalism, [177], [356];
his critique of knowledge, [354 ff.], [377 ff.];
and absolute idealism, [380];
ethics of, [386].
Kepler, quoted, [129].
Knowledge, of the means in life, [8];
of the end, [10];
in poetry, [27 ff.];
in religion, [82], [85], [97], [105];
general theory of, on epistemology, [164 ff.];
problem of source and criterion of, [168 ff.];
problem of relation to its object, [172 ff.], [277], [340], [351], [368 ff.];
relation of logic to, [183 ff.];
account of, in naturalism, [253 ff.]
Also see [Epistemology].
La Mettrie, quoted, [250].
La Place, [242];
quoted, [241].
Leibniz, on function of philosophy, [155];
philosophy of, [333], [336 ff.];
epistemology of, [339].
Leucippus, quoted, [161].
Life, as a starting-point for thought, [3];
definition of, [5 ff.];
and self-consciousness, [6];
philosophy of [17 ff.], [153];
mechanical theory of, [244 ff.];
return of philosophy to, [427 ff.];
contemplation in, [428].
Locke, epistemology of, [273].
Logic, origin in Socratic method, [181];
affiliations of, [182], [188];
definition of, [183];
parts of formal, [184 ff.];
present tendencies in, [187 ff.];
algebra of, [189].
Lucretius, his criticism of Greek religion, quoted, [89 ff.];
on mechanism, [226], [240].
McTaggart, J. M. E., on Hegel, [367];
on the absolute, [391].
Mach, E., [283];
on philosophy and science, [120].
Malebranche, [376].
Marcus Aurelius, [348].
Materialism, [254], [256];
general meaning, [223], [414];
development, [224 ff.];
and science, [228];
French, [249];
theory of mind in, [250].
Mathematics, importance in science, [132];
logic in, [188];
Berkeley's conception of, [279];
Plato's conception of, [329], [335];
Spinoza's conception of, [311], [335].
Matter, [225], [228];
and space, [229];
Berkeley's refutation of, [275 ff.];
in Plato and Aristotle, [334].
Mechanical Theory, practical significance of its extension to the world at large, [20];
in cosmology, [161], [225];
of Descartes, [231];
of Newton [232];
of origin of cosmos, [242];
of life, [244];
in Spinoza, [336].
Metaphysics, relation to epistemology, [150];
relation to ethics, [151], [196 ff.];
definition of, [158];
relation to logic, [188];
relation to theology, [207];
present tendencies in, [399 ff.], [408].
Mill, J. S., [283 (note)].
Mind, explanation of in naturalism, [237], [247 ff.];
of God, in Berkeley, [284], [294], [296];
absolute, [349 (note)], [358], [382 ff.]
Also see under [Self], and [Soul].
Mode, in Spinoza, [313].
Monads, in Leibniz, [338].
Monism, [159], [163].
Morality, and religion, [73];
grounds of, according to Kant, [356];
incentive to, [422].
Mysticism, general account, [171];
Schopenhauer's, [290];
types of religions, [391].
Naegeli, C. v., quoted, [287].
Natural Science, true relations of, with philosophy, [116];
sphere of, with reference to philosophy, [117 ff.];
philosophy of, its procedure, [121], [135], [142], [154], [401];
origin of, as special interest, [123 ff.];
human value of, [126], [127], [143];
method and fundamental conceptions of, [406], [128 ff.];
general development of, [134];
limits of, because abstract, [136 ff.], [414];
validity of, [142];
logic and, [188];
development of conceptions in, [229 ff.];
grounds of, according to Kant, [355], [377];
Hume on, [377];
permanence and progress in, [395 ff.]
Natural Selection, [204], [245].
Naturalism, [chap. viii];
general meaning, [217], [223 (note)], [399];
claims of, [239];
task of, [241];
criticism of, [117], [257], [263];
of present day, [405], [412].
Also see under [Materialism], and [Positivism].
Nature, [160], [244], [337];
in Berkeley, [294];
in Spinoza, [317], [338];
in Hegel, [363];
in Kant, [377 ff.];
in contemporary philosophy, [401].
Also see [Natural Science], and [Naturalism].
Nebular Hypothesis, [242].
Necessity, of will, [211];
ethics of, [342];
religion of, [393].
Neo-Fichteans, [402], [403 (note)].
Neo-Kantians, [403].
Newton, [232], [235], [242], [355], [377].
Normative Sciences, the, [180].
Omar Khayyam, quoted, [16];
as a philosopher-poet, [36].
Ontological Proof, of God, [200].
Ontology, [159].
Optimism, [104], [388], [422], [424].
Panpsychism, [176], [238], [285 ff.]
Pantheism, in primitive religion, [78];
general meaning, [205];
types of, [390].
Parker, Theodore, quoted on religion, [67].
Parmenides, and rationalism, [168];
philosophy of, [308 ff.], [337];
and Aristotle, [336].
Pater, Walter, on Wordsworth, [38];
on Cyrenaicism, [260];
on subjectivism, [270].
Paulsen, Friedrich, ethics of, quoted, [302].
Pearson, Karl, quoted, [230].
Perception. See [Sense-perception].
Personal Idealism, [404], [405].
Personality, of God, important in understanding of religion, [62];
essential to religion? [108 ff.]
Persons, description of belief in, [62];
imagination of, [101], [110].
Pessimism, [104], [299], [424].
Phenomenalism, general meaning, [176], [267 (note)];
of Berkeley, [272], [275 ff.];
of Hume, [283];
various tendencies in, [281].
Philosopher, the practical man and the, [chap. i];
the rôle of the, [306], [426].
Philosophy, commonly misconceived, [3];
of the devotee, [13];
of the man of affairs, [14];
of the voluptuary, [16];
of life, its general meaning, [17 ff.], [153];
its relations with poetry, [chap. ii], [112];
lack of, in Shakespeare, [33];
as expression of personality, [33];
as premature, [33];
in poetry of Omar Khayyam, [36];
in poetry of Wordsworth, [38 ff.];
in poetry of Dante, [42 ff.];
difference between philosophy and poetry, [48 ff.];
in religion, [108 ff.];
compared with religion, [112];
true attitude of, toward science, [116];
sphere of, in relation to science, [117], [395 ff.];
procedure of, with reference to science, [121], [135], [142], [154], [160];
human value of, [143], [426 ff.];
can its problem be divided? [149], [155];
origin of, [157];
special problems of, [chap. vi], [vii];
and psychology, [216];
peculiar object of, [308];
self-criticism in, [319 ff.], [325];
permanence and progress in, [395 ff.];
contemporary, [398 ff.]
Physical.
See [Corporeal Being], [Materialism], etc.
Physiology, [246].
Piety, description and interpretation of, [72];
in ethics, [195].
Plato, on Protagoras, [167], [269], [270], [298];
quoted, on Socrates, [170], [192], [194];
historical preparation for, [324];
psychology of, [209];
philosophy of, [306], [318], [326 ff.], [382];
and Aristotle, [333];
and Spinoza, [318], [335];
epistemology of, [339];
ethics of, [342];
religion of, [346], [391], [393];
on evil, [352];
on spirit, [359];
on reason and perception, [370];
on the philosopher, [426].
Pluralism, general meaning of, [159], [163], [419];
in ethics, [302], [421 ff.];
in religion, [304].
Poetry, relations with philosophy, [chap. ii];
as appreciation, [25];
virtue of sincerity in, [27];
the "barbarian" in, [28];
constructive knowledge in, [30];
difference between philosophy and, [48 ff.]
Positivism, on relation of philosophy and science, [115], [122];
general meaning of, [168], [234], [252 ff.], [412].
Practical Knowledge, of means, [8 ff.];
of end or purpose, [10 ff.];
implied in religion, [85], [97];
philosophy as, [153].
Practical Man, the, and the philosopher, [chap. i];
his failure to understand philosophy, [3];
his ideal, [14];
virtually a philosopher, [22].
Pragmatism, [151], [407], [408].
Prayer, [103].
Prediction, in science, [130].
Present Day, philosophy of the, [398 ff.]
Protagoras, scepticism of, [166], [271];
subjectivism of, [269];
ethics of, [298].
Psychology, of religion, [58], [82];
inadequate to religion, [82];
as branch of philosophy, [208 ff.], [216];
as natural science, [213];
affiliations of, [215];
limits of, [415].
Psycho-physical Parallelism, [215], [252].
Purpose, in life, [10 ff.];
adoption of life-purpose, [17 ff.];
practical significance of, in the world at large, [20].
Also see [Teleology], [Ideal], etc.
Qualities, primary and secondary, [254], [274], [277].
Rationalism, general meaning, [168], [416];
in logic, [180], [184];
in ethics, [193];
of eleatics, [310];
of Spinoza, [311];
in absolute realism, [339];
criticism of, [418].
Realism, various meanings of term, [173 (note)];
meaning of, as theory of knowledge, [172];
of Parmenides, [308 ff.];
of Plato and Aristotle, [341];
of present day, [409 ff.]
Reason, [370].
See [Rationalism].
Relativism, [166], [267 ff.];
in ethics, [298].
Religion, chaps. [iii], [iv];
relation to poetry and philosophy, [49], [52];
difficulty of defining, [53];
possibility of defining, [54];
profitableness of defining, [54];
true method of defining, [56];
misconceptions of, [56];
as possessing the psychological character of belief, [59 ff.];
degree of, in individuals and moods, [60], [61];
definition of, as belief in disposition of universe, [64 ff.], [82];
and morality, [73];
symbolism in, [75];
prophet and preacher of, [75];
conveyance of, [76];
primitive, [77];
Buddhism, [78];
the critical or enlightened type of, [80];
means to be true, [82 ff.];
implies a practical truth, [85];
cases of truth and error in, [88 ff.];
of Baal, [88];
Greek, [89];
of Jews, its development, [92];
Christian, [94];
definition of cognitive factor in, [97];
place of imagination in, [80], [97 ff.];
special functions of imagination in, [101 ff.];
relation of imagination and truth in, [105];
philosophy implied in, [108 ff.];
is personal god essential to, [108];
compared with philosophy, [112];
compared with science, [145];
special philosophical problems of, [199 ff.];
of naturalism, [263 ff.];
of subjectivism and spiritualism, [302 ff.];
of Plato and Aristotle, [346], [393];
of Stoics and Spinoza, [348], [393];
philosophy of, in Hegel, [365];
of absolute idealism, [390 ff.]
Religious Phenomena, interpretation of, [69 ff.]
Representative Theory, of knowledge, [174], [412].
Romanticism, [361].
Rousseau, quoted on nature, [64].
Royce, Josiah, quoted on absolute idealism, [178], [384], [394].
Santayana, George, quoted on poetry [28], [29].
Scepticism, [166], [267 ff.]
See under [Positivism], and [Agnosticism].
Schelling, misconception of science, [116].
Scholasticism, [333];
idea of God in, [201].
Schopenhauer, his panpsychism or voluntarism, [177], [285 ff.];
universalizes subjectivism, [290];
mysticism of, [290];
ethics of, [299];
religion of, [303].
Science.
Also see under [Natural Science], and [Normative Science].
Secularism, of Shakespeare, [34];
of Periclean Age, [320];
of present age, [427].
Self, problem of, [216];
proof of, in St. Augustine, [372];
proof of, in Descartes, [374];
deeper moral of, [387];
in contemporary philosophy, [411], [413].
Also see [Soul], and [Mind].
Self-consciousness, essential to human life, [6];
development of conception of, [371 ff.];
in absolute idealism, [383];
in idealistic ethics, [386].
Sensationalism, [247], [255], [269].
Sense-perception, [168], [247], [269], [370];
being as, in Berkeley, [281].
Shakespeare, general criticism of, [30 ff.];
his universality, [31];
lack of philosophy in, [33].
Shelley, quoted on poetry, [50].
Social Relations, belief inspired by, analogue of religion, [62];
imagination of, extended to God, [101].
Socrates, rationalism of, [169];
and normative science, [180];
ethics of, [192], [194];
method of, [321 ff.]
Sophists, the, epistemology of, [165];
scepticism of, [271], [320];
ethics of, [298], [301];
age of, [320].
Soul, the, in Aristotle, [208];
in Plato, [209];
as substance, [209];
intellectualism and voluntarism in theory of, [210];
immortality of, [212];
Berkeley's theory of, [284].
Also see under [Mind], and [Self].
Space, importance in science, [130];
and matter, [229].
Spencer, [236 (note)], [243], [265].
Spinoza, and Goethe, [51];
quoted on philosophy and life, [153];
philosophy of, [306], [311 ff.];
criticism and estimate of, [315 ff.];
and Plato, [318], [335];
and Aristotle, [336];
epistemology of, [339];
ethics of, [342];
religion of, [348], [392], [393].
Spirit, the absolute, [358 ff.]
Spiritualism, general meaning, [176], [267 (note)];
in Berkeley, [280], [292];
in Schopenhauer, [285];
criticism of, [288];
objective, [292].
Stevenson, R. L., quoted on religion, [67].
Stoicism, ethics of, [342];
religion of, [348].
Subjectivism, [chap. ix];
general meaning, [175], [218], [267 (note)], [415];
in æsthetics, [190];
of Berkeley, [275 ff.];
universalization of, in Schopenhauer, [290];
criticism of, [297], [415];
ethics of, [298 ff.];
in absolute idealism, [368];
of present day, [409].
Substance, spiritual, [209], [284];
material, Berkeley's refutation of, [275 ff.];
Spinoza's conception of, [311];
the infinite, in Spinoza, [312];
Aristotle's conception of, [334];
Leibniz's conception of, [338].
Symbolism, in religion, [75].
Teleology, in cosmology, [161];
proof of God from, [204];
Spinoza on, [318];
in Plato, [326 ff.], [336];
in Aristotle, [336].
Theism, [205].
Theology, relation to religion, [98];
in philosophy, [199 ff.];
relation to metaphysics, [207].
Thomson, J., quoted, [104].
Thought, and life, [6 ff.];
as being, in Hegel, [361 ff.]
Thucydides, on thought and action, [429].
Time, importance in science, [130].
Transcendentalism, [177], [349 (note)], [356].
See [Idealism, absolute].
Tyndall, [115].
Universal, scientific knowledge as, [125], [139].
Universe, the, as object of religious reaction, [64];
common object of philosophy and religion, [112];
as collective, [419].
Utilitarianism, [261].
Virtue, [198], [345].
Voltaire, quoted, [231], [251].
Voluntarism, in psychology, [210];
in Schopenhauer, [285].
Whitman, Walt, [27 ff.]
Will, in psychology, [210];
freedom and determination of, [211];
in Schopenhauer, [177];
as cause, in Berkeley, [293 ff.];
in pragmatism, [407].
Wordsworth, as philosopher-poet, [38 ff.];
his sense for the universal, [40];
quoted on poetry and philosophy, [48], [50].
Zeno, [337].