CHAPTER III
THE ORDER OF VIRTUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
I. THE VIRTUES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . 72
Summary of the content and logic of moral value, 72. Virtues as verified rules of life, 73. The material and formal aspects of morality, 74. Materialism and formalism due to exaggeration, 75. The general importance of the conflict between the material and formal motives, 76. Duty identified with the formal motive, 76. Formalism less severely condemned, 77. The five economies of interest, 77. Summary of virtues and vices, 79. Table, 81.
II. THE ECONOMY OF THE SIMPLE INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . 82
The simple interest not a moral economy, 82. Satisfaction the root-value, and intelligence the elementary virtue, 82. Incapacity, 83. Overindulgence the first form of materialism, 84. It is due to lack of foresight, 85. Or to the complexity of interests, 86. Overindulgence as the original sin, 86.
III. THE RECIPROCITY OF INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Prudence as a principle of organization, 87. Moderation and thrift, 87. Honesty, veracity, and tact of the prudential form, 88. The inherent value of the prudential economy. Individual and social health, 88. Temperance and reason, 90. Prudential formalism, or asceticism, 92. Asceticism illustrated by the Cynics, 92. Prudential materialism or sordidness, 94. Aimlessness or idleness, 94.
IV. THE INCORPORATION OF INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Purpose as a principle of organization. Its intellectual character, 95. The virtues subsidiary to purpose, 95. Truthfulness in the purposive economy, 96. The value of achievement, 97. The formalistic error of sentimentalism, 98. Deferred living, 98. Nationalism, 99. Egoism and bigotry as types of materialism. The pride of opinion, 100. Egoism and bigotry involve injustice, 103. The meaning of injustice, 103.
V. THE FRATERNITY OF INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Justice as a principle of organization, 105. Justice conditions rational intercourse, 105. Discussion, freedom, and tolerance, 106. Anarchism and scepticism, 107. Laissez-faire, 108. Justice and materialism. Worldliness, 110. Ancient worldliness due to lack of pity, 110. Modern worldliness due to lack of imagination, 111.
VI. THE UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . 112
The economy of good-will, 112. Good-will as the condition of real happiness. Paganism and Christianity, 113. Merely formal good-will is mysticism, 116. Mysticism perverts life by denying this world, 118. Quietism, 119. Mystical perversion of moral truth, 120.
VII. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
The interworking of the formal and the material principles, 121. Importance of the formal principle. Manners and worship, 121.