| CHAPTER I. |
| Origin of Coal, [9]. Coal of various ages, [11]. Graphite, [12].
Recent Vegetable Deposits, [13]. Mode of occurrence of Coal, [13]. Structure of Coal,
[15]. Uses of Coal, [16]. Coal a source of Energy, [17].
Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, [19]. Value of Coal as a Fuel, [20].
Small efficiency of Steam-engines, [21]. Mechanical value of Coal, [22].
Whence Coal derives its Energy, [22]. Chemical Composition of Coal, [23]. Growth of Plants,
[26]. Solar Energy, [28]. Transformation of Wood into Coal, [30].
Destructive Distillation of Coal, [33]. Experiments of Becher, [34]; of Dean Clayton,
[35]; of Stephen Hales, [37]; of Bishop Watson, [37];
of the Earl of Dundonald, [39]. Coal-gas introduced by Murdoch, [40].
Spread of the new Illuminant, [41]. Manufacture of Coal-gas, [42]. Quantitative results,
[45]. Uses of Coke, [47]. Goethe’s visit to Stauf, [48].
Bishop Watson on waste from Coke-ovens, [50]. Shale-oil Industry, [50]. History
of Coal-mining, [57]. Introduction of Coal into London, [58]. The Coal resources of the
United Kingdom, [60]. Competition between Electricity and Coal-gas, [62]. |
| |
| CHAPTER II. |
| Ammoniacal Liquor of Gas-works, [64]. Origin of the Ammonia, [65].
Ammonia as a Fertilizer, [65]. Other uses of Ammonia, [67].
Annual production of Ammonia, [68].
Utilization of Coal-tar, [69]. The Creosoting of Timber, [70]. Early uses of the Light
Tar Oils, [71]. Discovery of Benzene by Faraday; isolation from Tar Oil by Hofmann and Mansfield,
[73]. Discovery of Mauve by Perkin, [74]. History of Aniline, [75].
The Distillation of Coal-tar, [77]. Separation of the Hydrocarbons of the Benzene Series, [82].
Manufacture of Aniline and Toluidine, [87]. History and Manufacture of Magenta, [89].
Blue, Violet, and Green Dyes from Magenta, [92]. The Triphenylmethane Group, [97].
The Azines, [108]. Lauth’s Violet and Methylene Blue, [111]. Aniline Black,
[114]. Introduction of Azo-dyes, [115]. Aniline Yellow, Manchester Brown, and
Chrysoïdine, [118]. The Indulines, [121]. Chronological Summary, [122]. |
| |
| CHAPTER III. |
| Natural Sources of Indigo, [124]. Syntheses of the Colouring-matter, [126].
Carbolic Oil, its treatment and its constituents, [129]. Phenol Dyes, [132].
Salicylic Acid and its uses, [134]. Picric Acid, [136]. Naphthalene and its
applications, [139]. The Albo-carbon Light, [140]. Phthalic Acid and the Phthaleïns,
[145]. Magdala Red, [149]. Azo-dyes from the Naphthols, Naphthylamines, and their
Sulpho-acids, [150]. Naphthol Green, the Oxazines, and the Indophenols, [161].
Creosote Oil, [163]. The Lucigen Burner, [163]. Anthracene Oil, [167].
The Discovery of Artificial Alizarin, and its effects on Madder growing, [167]. The industrial isolation of
Anthracene and its conversion into Colouring-matters, [171]. Pitch, and its uses, [176]. Patent Fuel,
or Briquettes, [178]. Coal-tar products in Pharmacy, [178]. Aromatic Perfumes,
[185]. Coal-tar Saccharin, [186]. Coal-tar Products in Photography, [188].
Coal-tar Products in Biology, [192]. Value of the Coal-tar Industry, [194]. The Coal-tar
Industry in relation to pure Science, [196]. Permanence of the Artificial Colouring-matters, [198].
Chronological Summary, [200]. Addendum, [202]. |