INDEX.
| Accum, condensation of tar-oils, [69] Acetic acid, [64] Acetophenone, [178] Acid brown, [151] Acid greens, [106] Acid magenta, [92] Acid naphthol yellow, [143] Acid yellow, [120] Acridine, [180] Air, composition of, [24] Albo-carbon light, [140] Alizarin black, [172] Alizarin blue, [174] Alizarin carmine, [174] Alizarin green, [174] Alizarin orange, [174] Alkali blue, [93] Amidodimethylaniline, [112] Ammonia in gas-liquor, [64] Ammonia, origin in gas-liquor, [65] Analyses of coal, [23] Aniline black, [114] Aniline, history, [75] Aniline, manufacture, [87] Aniline yellow, [116] Annual production of ammonia, [68] Anthracene, [171] Anthracene brown, [174] Anthracene oil, [81], [167] Anthragallol, [174] Anthrapurpurin, [174] Anthraquinone, [173] Antifebrine, [179] Antipyrine, [183] Archil substitute, [151] Arctic coal, [12] Arsenic acid process, [90] Arsenic acid, recovery, [94] Artificial alizarin, [173] Artificial purpurin, [173] Asphalte, [176] Auramine, [106] Aurin, [132] Azines, [109] Azo-blacks, [159] Azo-colours, [118] Azo-dyes for cotton, [158] Azobenzene, [119] Azo-dyes from salicylic acid, [135] Azotoluene, [119] Baeyer, A. v., indigo, [127] Baeyer, A. v., phthaleïns, [146] Basle blue, [111] Becher, early experiments, [34] Beet-sugar cultivation, [67] Benzal chloride, [102] Benzaldehyde, [103] Benzene, discovery, [73] Benzene, final purification, [86] Benzene in tar-oil, [73] Benzene theory, [196] Benzidam, [75] Benzidine, [136] Benzoic acid, manufacture, [104] Benzotrichloride, [102] Benzyl chloride, [102] Bernthsen, methylene blue, [113] Bethell, timber preserving, [70] Biebrich scarlet, [156] Biology, dyes used in, [192] Bismarck brown, [116] Bitter-almond oil, [103] Bone oil, [180] Böttiger, Congo-red, [157] Bréant, timber pickling, [70] Briquettes, [178] Burning naphtha, [86] Calorific value of carbon, [25] Calorific value of coal, [20] Carbolic acid, [129] Carbolic oil, [23], [80], [129] Carbon dioxide, [24] Carboniferous period, [11] Caro and Kern, phosgene dyes, [106] Caro and Wanklyn, rosolic acid, [133] Caro, fluoresceïn and eosin, [147] Caro, methylene blue, [112] Chemical washing, [83] Chlorophyll, [29] Chrysamines, [136] Chrysoïdine, [116] Cinnamic acid, [128] Clayton, Dean, distils coal, [35] Clegg, Samuel, gas-engineer, [40] Coal, amount raised, [59] Coal-fields of United Kingdom, [60] Coal-gas, composition, [56] Coal-gas, manufacture, [42] Coal-mining, history, [57] Coal, origin, [9] Coal, supply, [59] Cœruleïn, [147] Coke, composition of, [48] Coke from gas-retorts, [45] Coke-oven tar, [49] Coke, uses of, [47] Combustion, [23] Composition of coal, [23] Congo red, [157] Conservation of energy, [18] Constitution of molecules, [95] Corallin, [132] Cotton dyes, [137] Coumarin, [185] Coupier’s process, [91] Creosote oil, [163] Creosoting of timber, [70] Cresols, [131] Cresylic acid, [131] Cretaceous coal, [12] Crocein scarlets, [156] Crystal violet, [106] Cumidine, [155] Cyanin, [188] Dale and Caro, induline, [120] Destructive distillation, [33] Diazo-compounds, [116] Diazotype, [191] Dimethylaniline, [100] Dinitrobenzene, [120] Diphenylamine, [101] Diphenylamine blue, [101] Distillation, fractional, [78] Doebner, malachite green, [102] Dover, coal under, [60] Dumas and Laurent, anthracene, [171] Dundonald, Earl, early experiments, [39] Eikonogen, [189] Electricity as an illuminating agent, [62] Eocene coal, [12] Eosin, [147] Erythrosin, [188] Essence of mirbane, [74] Exalgine, [179] Fahlberg, saccharin, [186] Faraday, discovers benzene, [73] Fast red, [151] Fertilization by ammonia, [66] Fire-damp, [32] First runnings, [80] Fischer, E. and O., rosaniline, [97] Fischer, hydrazines, [183] Fischer, malachite green, [103] Flavaniline, [180] Flavopurpurin, [174] Fluoresceïn, [147] Foot-pound, [19] Fractional distillation, [78] Fritzsche, aniline, [75] Galleïn, [146] Gallic acid, [146] Gallocyanin, [162] Gambines, [161] Garancin, [168] Garden, naphthalene, [139] Gas producers, [57] Gas, quantity obtained from coal, [45] Girard and De Laire, rosaniline blues, [92] Glucosides, [169] Goethe, visit to coke-burner, [48] Græbe and Liebermann, alizarin, [170] Graphite, [12] Grässler, acid yellow, [120] Green, A. G., primuline, [160] Griess, diazo-compounds, [116] Hales, Rev. Stephen, distils coal, [37] Hofmann, benzene in tar-oil, [73] Hofmann, red from aniline, [89] Hofmann’s violets, [93] Homologous series, [152] Horse-power, [22] Hull, Prof., coal supply, [59] Hydrazines, [183] Hydrocarbons of benzene series, [82] Hydrogen, calorific value, [25] Hydroquinone, [189] Hypnone, [179] Indigo plants, [124] Indigo, syntheses, [126] Indophenol, [162] Indulines, [121] Ingrain colours, [160] Iodine green, [94] Iron smelting, [16] Iron swarf, [87] Isochromatic plates, [188] Isomerism, [88] Joule, mechanical equivalent of heat, [19] Juglone, [186] Jurassic coal, [12] Kairine, [182] Kekulé, benzene theory, [196] Kekulé and Hidegh, azo-dyes, [135] Koch, tubercle, [193] Köchlin, gallocyanin, [162] Köchlin and Witt, indophenol, [162] Kolbe, salicylic acid, [134] Kolbe and Schmitt, phenol dye, [132] Kyanol, [75] Lampblack, [139], [166] Laurent, phenol, [131] Laurent, phthalic acid, [143] Laurent, picric acid, [136] Lauth, methyl violet, [98] Lauth’s violet, [111] Leonhardt & Co., stilbene dyes, [137] Lightfoot, aniline black, [114] Light oil, [80] Light oils, early uses, [71] Lister, antiseptic surgery, [131] London, coal introduced, [58] London, illuminated by gas, [40] Lucigen burner, [163] Madder, [168] Magdala red, [149] Magenta, history, [89] Malachite green, [102] Manchester brown, [116] Manchester yellow, [142] Mansfield, isolation of benzene, [73] Mansfield’s still, [77] Manures, [66] Marsh gas, [32] Mauve, discovery, [74] Mechanical value of coal, [22] Medlock, magenta process, [90] Methyl chloride, [99] Methylene green, [113] Methyl green, [101] Methyl violet, [98] Mirbane, essence, [74] Murdoch, introduces coal-gas, [40] Naphthalene, annual production, [141] Naphthalene in carbolic oil, [130] Naphthionic acid, [151] Naphthol green, [161] Naphthol orange, [151] Naphthols, [141] Naphthylamines, [142] Natanson, aniline red, [89] Neutral red, [111] Neutral violet, [111] New blue, [161] Nicholson blue, [93] Nicholson, magenta process, [90] Nietzki, azines, [109] Nietzki, Biebrich scarlet, [156] Nietzki, quinone, [191] Night blue, [106] Nigrosine, [121] Nitrification, [66] Nitrobenzene process, [91] Nitrosodimethylaniline, [111] Non-Carboniferous coal, [11] Number of compounds in tar, [81] Old Red Sandstone, coal in, [12] Oligocene brown coal, [12] Orthochromatic plates, [188] Oxazines, [162] Oxide of iron for gas purifying, [44] Paraffin oil and wax, [50] Patent fuel, [178] Perfumes, [185] Perkin, alizarin, [170] Perkin, discovers mauve, [74] Permanence of dyes, [198] Permian coal, [12] Persoz, phenol dye, [132] Pharmaceutical preparations, [178] Phenanthrene, [172] Phenols, [129] Phosgene dyes, [106] Phosphine, [94], [180] Photographic developers, [189] Phthaleïns, [146] Phthalic acid, [143] Picric acid, [136] Pitch, [81], [176] Plants, growth of, [26] Ponceaux, [151] Primary azo-dyes, [156] Primuline, [160] Propiolic acid, [128] Purpurin, [169] Pyrazole, [183] Pyridine, [87] Pyridine bases, [179] Pyrogallol, [146] Quinaldine, [182] Quinic acid, [189] Quinoline, [180] Quinoline green, [182] Quinoline red, [188] Quinoline yellow, [182] Quinones, [172] Read Holliday’s lamp, [72] Rectification of hydrocarbons, [84] Resorcinol, [145] Rhodamines, [148] Roccellin, [151] Roman coal-mining, [57] Rosaniline blues, [92] Rosaniline from rosolic acid, [133] Rosolic acid, [132] Runge, kyanol, [75] Runge, phenol in tar, [131] Saccharin, [186] Saffranine, [108] Salicylic acid, [134] Salicylic aldehyde, [185] Salols, [179] Schiendl, Magdala red, [149] Scotland, shale-oil industry, [53] Sea coal, [58] Secondary azo-dyes, [156] Shale, nature of, [51] Shale-oil industry, [50] Skraup, quinoline, [181] Sodium nitrite, [119] Solar energy, [28] Soluble blue, [93] Solvent naphtha, [86] Steam-engines, [20] Stilbene azo-dyes, [137] Structure of coal, [15] Sulphanilic acid, [150] Sulphuric acid, [45] Sunlight, source of energy in coal, [30] Surgery, antiseptic, [131] Tar distilling, [77] Tar, first utilization, [69] Tar from coke-ovens, [49] Tar, quantity obtained from coal, [45] Tartrazine, [184] Tertiary coal, [12] Thalline, [182] Thermifugine, [182] Thiazines, [113] Thiodiphenylamine, [113] Thiorubin, [160] Timber pickling, [70] Tolidine, [136] Toluene from tar, [81] Torbane Hill coal, [52] Transformation of wood into coal, [31] Triassic coal, [12] Trimethylamine, [99] Trinitrophenol, [136] Triphenylmethane, [97] Tubercle bacillus, [193] Turkey red, [170] Underclay, [13] Unverdorben, crystallin, [75] Uses of coal, [16] Vanillin, [185] Vegetable deposits, recent, [13] Verguin, red from aniline, [90] Victoria blue, [106] Victoria yellow, [137] Vinasse, [99] Vincent, methyl chloride, [100] Violaniline, [121] Wasteful use of coal, [32], [203] Water, composition of, [25] Water gas, [203] Watson, Bishop, coke-oven tar, [50] Watson, Bishop, distils coal, [37] Wealden iron industry, [17] Whitaker, W., coal in S.-E. England, [60] Winsor, promotes introduction of gas, [41] Witt, azines, [109] Witt, chrysoïdine, [116] Witt, naphthol orange, [150] Wood vinegar, [64] Woody fibre, [26] Woulfe, picric acid, [136] Xylenes from tar, [81] Xylidine scarlet, [153] Young, James, burning-oil, [51] Ziegler, tartrazine, [184] Zinin, benzidam, [75] |
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Footnotes:
[1] “An experiment concerning the Spirit of Coals,” Phil. Trans. (abridged), vol. viii. p. 295.
[2] Report of the Coal Commissioners (1866-71), vol. i.
[3] In a paper read before the Royal Statistical Society by Mr. Price-Williams in 1889, this author points out that, owing to the introduction of the Bessemer process and other economical improvements, the amount of coal used in the iron and steel manufacture had fallen in 1867 to about sixteen and a half per cent. of the total quantity raised.
[4] This remark does not apply to Great Britain; our Excise regulations have practically killed those branches of manufacture requiring the use of pure wood-spirit.
[5] Since the above was written, new synthetical processes for the production of indigo have been made known in Germany by Karl Heumann. Of the commercial aspect of these discoveries it is of course impossible at present to form an opinion.
[6] Since the above was written the continuation of Koch’s researches upon the tubercle bacillus has culminated in the discovery of his now world-renowned lymph for the inoculation of patients suffering from tubercular disease.
[7] In one large factory in Yorkshire there is a set of stills kept constantly at work making pure aniline at the rate of two hundred tons per month. The monthly consumption of coal in this factory is two thousand tons, equal to twenty-four thousand tons per annum.
Transcriber’s Notes:
Punctuation has been corrected without note.
Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from the original.