III
In the twelfth century a third recension of the English rite[74] appears, in which the rite has been subjected to a very considerable Roman influence. The Ordo Romanus of Hittorp or some kindred order has been followed to a large extent in preference to the old national order.
As the king enters the church the anthem Firmetur manus is sung, and the king lies prostrate before the altar during the Litany. The introduction of the Litany is a new feature and Roman. After the Litany the king takes the oath, In Christi nomine promitto haec tria populo Christiano. A bishop then asks the people whether they accept the Elect as king, Si tali principi, etc., and they answer Volumus et concedimus. This recognition is a new formal feature, but informally it had taken place long before, e.g. at the coronation of William I. It also appears in the French order of Louis VIII, but disappears again from the French rite later on. Then is said the prayer Omn. aeterne Deus creator omnium, followed by a series of benedictions, the same as those which follow the delivery of the sceptre in ‘Egbert,’ but in a shorter form. Next is said the prayer Deus ineffabilis auctor mundi, which is first found in the order by which Pope John VII crowned Louis II at Troyes in 877. It occurs henceforward in practically every order, but whereas the word ineffabilis is always used in the English orders (and the German Aachen order) elsewhere inenarrabilis is always found. The anointing is much more elaborate than heretofore; first the hands are anointed Unguantur manus istae, etc., then follows the consecration prayer (Roman) Prospice omnipotens Deus, after which the king is anointed on head, breast, shoulders and bends of arms, Unguantur caput istud, pectus, etc., and during the anointing the Responsory Deum time is sung. This elaborate unction is identical with that prescribed in Hittorp’s order, though the forms are not the same. After the anointing is said Deus Dei Filius, (alia) Deus qui es iustorum gloria. The investitures are then made; the Sword with the Roman form Accipe gladium per manus, etc.; the Armills and the Pallium with forms now first appearing, Accipe armillas sinceritatis, and Accipe pallium, etc. Then comes the coronation, the crown being blessed with the prayer Deus tuorum corona, and the king being crowned with the form Coronet te Deus, which is first found at the coronation of Charles the Bald in 869. The prayer Deus perpetuitatis follows the coronation. The ring is given with the Roman form Accipe regiae dignitatis anulum; the sceptre with the old form Accipe sceptrum regiae potestatis, and the prayer Omnium Domine fons bonorum; and lastly the verge with the old form. The benedictions which follow are those contained in Hittorp’s order, and finally the king is enthroned with the form Sta et retine.
The queen’s coronation follows in substance Hittorp’s order, while retaining some of the features of the last English recension.
The first prayers Omn. semp. Deus fons et origo and Deus qui solus habes both follow the Roman order. At the unction the Roman prayer Spiritus sancti gratia is found, while the actual form of anointing In nomine Patris and following, Omn. semp. Deus affluentem, etc., are of the last English order. The ring is given with the old English form slightly altered and the prayer Deus cuius est omnis potestas, also from the English rite. There is the same benediction of the queen’s crown as of the king’s, and she is crowned with the old form or (alia) the Roman Officio nostrae indignitatis, and the rite ends with the English Omnium Domine fons bonorum.