V
In the fourteenth century further developements appear. The order used at the coronation of Henry VII[58], and the Ordo Romanus XIV of Mabillon[59], may be taken as representative of this period.
The oath is slightly varied. It is made, as usual, in the church of St Mary in Turri, where the Emperor is received by the canons as a brother canon, and the Emperor swears that he will be the protector of the Roman Church, but does not swear fealty to the Pope and his successors as in the preceding recension. In St Peter’s the Bishops of Albano and Porto say their accustomed prayers, and the Litany is said before St Peter’s altar. Then the Bishop of Ostia, before the altar of St Maurice, anoints the Emperor on the right arm and between the shoulders with the prayers Domine Deus Omnipotens cuius est omnis potestas and Deus Dei Filius. After the anointing the Pope kisses the Emperor ‘sicut unum ex diaconibus’ and Mass is begun at the altar of St Peter, the collect Deus regnorum omnium being said after the collect for the day. After the gradual the Pope first sets a mitre on the Emperor’s head, and then crowns him with the form Accipe signum gloriae: the Sceptre and Orb are then delivered, though no forms of delivery are given, and lastly the Sword is delivered with the form Accipe gladium ad vindictam, etc., a longer form than hitherto used containing the words ‘per nostras manus, licet indignas, vice tamen et auctoritate beatorum apostolorum consecratas imperialiter tibi concessum,’ and girt on with the words Accingere gladio tuo super femur, etc., and the Emperor thereupon kisses the Pope’s feet. After the gradual the Laudes are sung. At the offertory the Emperor offers first gold, and then acting as sub-deacon (more subdiaconi) offers the chalice and water-cruet to the Pope.
The Empress is met at the entrance of St Peter’s and the prayer Omnipotens sempiterne Deus fons et origo, etc., is there said. When the Empress has been crowned she is brought to the Pope, who, after reciting the prayer Deus qui solus habes immortalitatem, anoints her with the form Spiritus Sancti gratia, this form being longer than in the last recension. Then he places the mitre on her head ‘ita quod cornua mitrae sint a dextris et a sinistris,’ and finally crowns her with the form Officio nostrae indignitatis in imperatricem solemniter benedicta accipe coronam imperialis excellentiae, etc.
After the Communion it is added that the Pope may, if he wish, say the prayers Prospice, quaesumus, Domine Omnipotens Deus serenis obtutibus, Benedic, Domine, quaesumus, hunc principem, or (alia) Deus Pater aeternae gloriae, all of which occur in earlier Roman rites.