CHRONOLOGY OF COLONIAL HISTORY

1492.First voyage of Columbus.
1496.Charter to John and Sebastian Cabot.
1497.John and Sebastian Cabot discover Newfoundland.
1498.The second voyage of the Cabots.
1500.Gaspar Corte Real sailed to Newfoundland.
1501.Gaspar Corte Real wrecked in Chesapeake Bay.
1502.Miguel Corte Real sailed to search for his brother.
1506.Denys of Harfleur reached the Gulf of St Lawrence.
1508.Aubert of Dieppe brought American Indians to France.
1523.Verrazano sent out by Francis I.
1524.Verrazano sailed along the coast of North America.
1527.John Rut and Albert de Prado sailed to Newfoundland.
1534.Jacques Cartier of St Malo sailed to the St Lawrence.
1535.Jacques Cartier's second voyage. He reached Stadacona.
1536.Master Hore was wrecked on Newfoundland.
1541-42.Cartier's third voyage, joined by De Roberval.
1553.Voyages of Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor.
1562.Jean Ribault's expedition to Florida.
1564-65.René de Laudonniere sailed to the Carolinas.
1565.The French settlement destroyed by the Spaniard Menendez.
1576.Martin Frobisher's first voyage.
1577.Martin Frobisher's second voyage, and discovery of Meta Incognita.
1577-80.Drake's voyage round the world.
1578.Martin Frobisher's third voyage.
Grant of a patent for colonisation to Sir Humphrey Gilbert.
1583.Newfoundland claimed as an English colony.
1584.Sir Walter Raleigh sends out Captains Amidas and Barlow.
1585.Raleigh's first Virginian colony.
1586.The colonists brought back by Drake.
1587.Raleigh's second attempt.
1589.First edition of Hakluyt's Voyages published.
1598.Second and complete edition of Hakluyt;s Voyages.
Marquis de la Roche attempts to found a convict settlement.
1599.Chauvin and Pontgravé attempt a settlement at Tadoussac.
1602.De Chastes obtains the services of Samuel Champlain.
Bartholomew Gosnold makes a voyage to the West.
1603.The voyage of the Discovery and the Speedwell to America.
De la Roche's settlers rescued from Sable Island.
Samuel Champlain sailed up the St Lawrence.
De Monts otained a patent to colonise Acadia.
1604.De Chastes joined to De Monts and established Port Royal.
1605.Samuel Champlain remained the winter in Acadia.
1606.Relief arrived. The expedition included Lescarbot, the historian.
The formation of the London and Plymouth Companies.
1607.The foundation of Jamestown, Virginia.
Popham and Gilbert's expedition to the Kennebec.
1608.Champlain founded Quebec.
1609.Champlain discovered Lake Champlain.
Claude Etienne and Charles de la Tour settled on the Penobscot.
Sir George Somers and Sir Thomas Gates sail for Virginia.
1610.Lord Delawarr governor of Virginia.
1611.Sir Thomas Gates governor of Virginia.
1613.Marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe.
Champlain and de Vignau follow the course of the Ottawa.
1614.Samuel Argall sacked Port Royal in Acadia.
Captain John Smith made a voyage to New England.
1615.Champlain and Le Caron came to Lake Huron.
1616.The Recollet missionaries settled in Canada.
1619.Sir George Yeardley governor of Virginia.
1620.Reorganisation of the New England Company.
The voyage of the Mayflower and establishment of New Plymouth.
1621.Sir William Alexander obtained a patent to colonise Acadia.
1622.Sir Robert Gordon attempted to settle Cape Breton Island.
1623.James I. demanded the surrender of the charter of the London Company.
A fishinig station at Cape Ann, Massachusetts.
Levitt established a settlement on Casco Bay, Maine.
1625.Jesuit missionaries first came to Canada.
1626.Definite settlement of the Dutch on Manhattan Island.
1627.Death of Sir George Yeardley. Harvey governor of Virginia.
Richelieu establishes the Company of the One Hundred Associates.
1628.David Kirke destroyed the French fleet in the St Lawrence.
1629.David Kirke captured Quebec.
Sir Robert Heath received a grant of land south of Virginia.
The establishment of Massachusetts.
1630.Winthrop established Boston.
La Tour made governor of Acadia.
1631.Arrival of Roger Williams in Massachusetts.
Lord Saye and Sele and Lord Brooke obtain land on the Connecticut.
Sir Ferdinando Gorges formed a company for colonising Maine.
1632.Grant of Maryland to Lord Baltimore.
Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye, by which Quebec was restored to the French.
1634.Champlain built a fort at Three Rivers.
1635.Champlain died.
Maine granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges.
Captain John Mason established New Hampshire.
Foundation of Providence by Roger Williams.
Winthrop, the younger, governor of Connecticut.
Harry Vane, Mrs Anne Hutchinson, and John Wheelwright come to Massachusetts.
The Pequod War.
1636.The foundation of Harvard College.
De Montmagny succeeded Champlain.
1637.The foundation of Rhode Island.
Theophilus Eaton founded New Haven.
1638.Minuit's Swedish settlement.
1640.Union of Rhode Island and Providence.
1642.Conformity Act in Virginia.
Fort Richelieu (Sorel) founded.
1643.The New England Confederacy.
1647.Peter Stuyvesant made governor of the New Netherlands.
1649.Toleration Act in Maryland.
1650.Sir William Berkeley commissioned by Charles II.
1651.Sir George Ayscue sent to subdue the West.
1651-58.The towns of Maine under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
1652.Richard Bennet governor of Virginia.
1653.Le Moyne, the Jesuit, sent as an envoy to the Iroquois.
1654.War with the Nyantic Indians.
Stephenson took Acadia.
1655.Peter Stuyvesant captured the Swedish settlements
Edward Digges, Governor of Virginia.
Victory of the Protestants at Providence, Maryland.
1657.Lord Baltimore restored in Maryland.
1659.Josias Fendall, Governor of Maryland.
1661.Royal Commissioners sent to the colonies.
1662.Charles Calvert made Governor of Maryland.
Charter granted to Connecticut.
1663.Charter granted to the Lords Proprietors of the Carolinas.
Canada became a Royal Province.
1664.Colbert created the Company of the West.
Richard Nicolls captured New Amsterdam.
1665.Attempt of De Ruyter to retake New Amsterdam.
Marquis de Tracy made Lieutenant-General of Canada.
1666.Courcelles attacked the Iroquois.
The Treaty of Breda.
La Salle arrived in Canada.
1667.Locke's Fundamental Constitutions for the Carolinas.
Terrific gale in Maryland and Virginia.
1668.Francis Lovelace made Governor of New York.
Jacques Marquette, a missioner on Lake Superior.
1669.La Salle supposed to have discovered the Ohio.
1670.Incorporation of the Hudson Bay Company.
William Sayle came from the Barbadoes to South Carolina.
1671.Sir John Yeamans, Governor of South Carolina.
1672.Count Frontenac made Governor of Canada.
Grants in Virginia to Lords Arlington and Culpeper.
1673.Cornelius Eversen retook New York.
The establishment of Fort Frontenac.
Joliet and Marquette reach the Mississippi.
1674.Death of Marquette.
The Treaty of Westminster restored New York to the English.
Carteret and Berkeley given rights in New Jersey.
Joseph West made Governor of South Carolina.
1674-1676.King Philip's War.
1675.Death of Cecil, Lord Baltimore.
1677.The end of Berkeley's rule in Virginia.
Thomas Eastchurch, Governor of Carolina.
1678.Massachusetts purchased all rights over Maine.
La Salle given leave to discover the western parts of New France.
La Salle, De Tonty, and Father Hennepin allied as discoverers.
Fort Niagara built.
1679.La Salle sailed up Lakes Erie and Michigan.
1680.La Salle built Fort Crèvecœur on the lower Illinois
Father Hennpin travelled on the upper Mississippi.
Edward Byllinge and certain Quakers encouraged to colonise Delaware.
1681.William Penn founded Pennsylvania
Limitation of the franchise in Maryland.
1681-1682.La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.
1682.End of Frontenac's first government of Canada.
Formation of the "Compagni du Nord."
1682-1683.La Salle established a French colony on the Illinois.
1682-1684.New Hampshire governed by Edward Cranfield.
1683.Seth Sothel, Governor of Nort Carolina.
Thomas Dongan, Governor of New York.
1684.La Vallière, Governor of Acadia, succeeded by Perrot.
Lord Howard of Effingham, Governor of Virginia.
The Five Nations allied with the English at Albany.
1684-1685.La Salle's expedition to Texas.
1684-1687.The Mississippi Scheme.
1685.The Marquis de Denonville, Governor of Canada.
The English colonies lose their charters.
Francis Nicholson, Deputy-Governor of New York.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
1686.Sir Edmund Andros in Massachusetts.
1687.Death of La Salle.
The Marquis de Denonville defeated the Iroquois.
1688.The Revolution in England.
Sir Edmund Andros plundered Pentegost.
1689.Denonville destroyed Fort Frontenac.
Count Frontenac appointed Governor of Canada for the second time.
Count Frontenac sent three raiding parties into New England.
Du Luth defeated the Iroquois on the Ottawa.
William Penn lost his proprietary rights.
Leisler's rising in New York.
1690.Congress of the colonies at Albany.
Colonel Sloughter suppressed Leisler's rising.
Port Royal taken by Sir William Phipps.
Sir William Phipps led an expedition against Quebec.
1691.Successful attack of the English on La Prairie.
New Plymouth incorporated within Massachusetts.
Maryland placed under the direct control of the Crown.
1692.Benjamin Fletcher, Governor of New York.
Andrew Hamilton, Governor of New Jersey.
Villebon re-occupied Port Royal.
French attacks on the coast of Maine.
1693.Canadians and Indians attacked the Mohawk towns.
D'Iberville reconnoitred Fort Pemaquid.
English expedition to recover the forts on James Bay.
Establishment of William and Mary College, Virginia.
1694.Proprietary rights restored to William Penn.
End of the rule of Sir William Phipps in Massachusetts.
La Mothe Cadillac sent to command Michillimackinac.
1695.Fort Frontenac was re-occupied.
Sir William Phipps died.
1696.Frontenac, Callières, and Vaudreuil attacked the Iroquois.
D'Iberville took Fort Pemaquid from Chubb.
1696-1726.Rhode Island governed by Samuel Cranston.
1697.Abortive French expedition under the Marquis de Nesmond against Boston.
D'Iberville took Fort Nelson.
The Treaty of Ryswick.
1698.Establishment of a college in Connecticut.
Frontenac died at Quebec.
1698-1701.Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire governed by Lord Bellomont.
1699.First colonisation of Louisiana by Le Moyne d'Iberville.
1701.La Mothe Cadillac founded Detroit.
Penn left Pennsylvania.
Execution of the pirate Captain Kidd.
Lord Cornbury succeeded Lord Bellomont.
1702.The Proprietors resigned their rights over New Jersey.
1702-1713.Queen Anne's War.
1703.Separation of Delaware from Pennsylvania.
Colonel Moore's attack upon St Augustine.
1704.Colonel Moore's attack upon Apalachee.
The French attacked Deerfield.
Major Church threatened Port Royal.
1706.The French and Spanish attacked Charleston.
1707.Colonel March threatened Port Royal.
1708.The French attacked Haverfield on the Merrimac.
Lord Cornbury recalled.
1709.Samuel Vetch advocated combined attack on New France.
Colonel Francis Nicholson attacked near Lake Champlain the forces of Ramesay, Governor of Montreal.
1710.Colonel Francis Nicholson took Port Royal.
1711.The Walker-Hill expedition against Canada.
North Carolina attacked by the Tuscarora Indians.
1712.Birth of Montcalm at Nîmes.
1713.The Treaty of Utrecht.
1715.Proprietary rights over Maryland restored to the fourth Lord Baltimore.
1716.North Carolina attacked by the Yamassee Indians.
1718.Death of William Penn.
Bienville, brother of D'Iberville, founded New Orleans.
1720.Settlement of German Palatines in New York.
Louisburg on Cape Breton began to be important.
The French built a permanent fort at Niagara.
1723.The Jesuit Charlevoix recommended a mission among the Sioux.
1724.Sebastian Rasle, a Jesuit priest, killed on the Kennebec.
1726.Peace between the Indians and New Englanders.
1727.Birth of James Wolfe at Westerham, in Kent.
The English established a trading centre at Oswego.
Fort Beauharnois built in the Sioux country.
1729.Death of Governor Burnet.
1731-1740.De la Verendrye built forts from Rainy Lake westward.
1731.Saint Luc de la Corne built Fort St Frederic (Crown Point).
1732.General Oglethorpe established Georgia.
1734.Salzburg Germans came to Georgia.
1736.John Wesley in Georgia.
1738.George Whitefield in Georgia.
1739-1742.War in Georgia with the Spaniards.
1742.The Spaniards attacked St Simons, Carolina.
1743.General Oglethorpe left Georgia.
1743-1753.George Clinton, Governor of New York.
1744.War between England and France.
Canso taken by the French.
1745.Shirley, Pepperell, and Warren take Louisburg.
1747.Warren and Anson defeated the French off Cape Finisterre.
1748.Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
1749.Celeron de Bienville registered the claims of France to the Ohio valley.
Establishment of Fort Rouillé (Toronto).
Establishment of Halifax.
1750.Le Loutre burnt Beaubassin.
1752.The Marquis Duquesne became Governor of Canada.
Georgia passed into the hands of the Crown.
1753.Proposal to unite the Thirteen Colonies.
Duquesne sent Marin to build forts between the Lakes and the Ohio. Washington sent on a counter expedition.
1754.The French built Fort Duquesne.
Death of Jumonville.
Washington built Fort Necessity, but obliged to retreat.
1755.Braddock's disaster on the Monongahela.
William Johnson's expedition against Crown Point.
Shirley's advance on Lake Ontario.
Beausejour taken and renamed Fort Cumberland.
Transportation of the Acadians.
Vaudreuil appointed Governor-General of Canada.
1756.Outbreak of the Seven Years' War.
Oswego, under Bradstreet, taken by Montcalm.
Recall of William Shirley.
1757.Loudoun and Holborne made an abortive attempt on Louisburg.
Fort William Henry taken by Montcalm and Levis.
William Pitt joined Newcastle.
1758.Louisburg under Drucour taken by Boscawen, Amherst, and Wolfe.
Abercromby defeated at Ticonderoga. Death of Lord Howe.
Fort Frontenac taken by Bradstreet.
Amherst appointed Commander-in-chief in North America.
Fort Duquesne taken by Forbes and renamed Pittsburg.
1759.Stanwix sent to Duquesne and Prideaux to Oswego.
Fort Niagara taken by Johnson.
Ticonderoga and Crown Point taken by Amherst.
The capture of Quebec. Deaths of Wolfe and Montcalm.
1760.The Battle of St Foy. Levis forced the English into Quebec.
Relief of Quebec.
Surrender of Montreal to the forces of Amherst, Haviland, and Murray.
1763.The Peace of Paris.