INTRODUCTION
TO THE
SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
As several corps have, at successive periods, within the last century, been borne on the establishment of the Army, and numbered Seventy-second regiment, it is considered necessary to prefix to the Historical Record of the services of the Regiment, which at present bears the title of the “Seventy-second Highlanders,” the following explanatory details, in order to prevent the blending, or misconception, of the merits and services of corps which, although bearing the same numerical title, have been totally distinct and unconnected.
1.—In April, 1758, the Second Battalions of fifteen regiments of infantry, from the 3rd to the 37th, were directed to be formed into distinct regiments, and to be numbered from the 61st to the 75th successively, as shown in the following list, viz.:—
| 2nd Batt. 3rd Foot, constituted | 2nd Batt. 19th Foot, constituted | ||||
| as 61st | Regiment. | as 66th | Regiment. | ||
| ” 4th as 62nd | ” | ” 20th as 67th | ” | ||
| ” 8th as 63rd | ” | ” 23rd as 68th | ” | ||
| ” 11th as 64th | ” | ” 24th as 69th | ” | ||
| ” 12th as 65th | ” | ” 31st as 70th | ” | ||
| The Second Battalion of the 32nd was constituted the 71st Regiment. | |||
| ” ” | 33rd | ” ” | the 72nd ” |
| ” ” | 34th | ” ” | the 73rd ” |
| ” ” | 36th | ” ” | the 74th ” |
| ” ” | 37th | ” ” | the 75th ” |
The above 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th regiments were disbanded in the year 1763, after the peace of Fontainebleau.
The Seventy-second Regiment, formed in 1758, was constituted, as above shown, from the Second Battalion of the Thirty-third regiment, and Major-General the Duke of Richmond was appointed the colonel. It was disbanded on the 29th of August, 1763.
2.—On the commencement of the American war in 1775, additional forces were raised, and the number of the regular regiments of infantry, which had been reduced in 1763 to Seventy, was increased to One Hundred and Five, exclusive of 11 unnumbered regiments, and 36 independent companies of invalids.
In the year 1777, a corps was authorised to be raised at the expense of the town of Manchester, consisting of ten companies of one hundred men per company; it was numbered the Seventy-second Regiment, or Royal Manchester Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Charles Mawhood, and was placed on the establishment of the army in December, 1777. The Regiment embarked at Portsmouth for Gibraltar on the 28th April, 1778, and was employed in the memorable siege of that fortress from 1779 to 1782, and continued on duty in that garrison until the early part of the year 1783, when the Spaniards abandoned their attempts to regain possession either by force or stratagem. The regiments at Gibraltar were relieved in the spring of 1783, and the Seventy-second Regiment, to which Major-General Charles Ross had been appointed, in October, 1780, in succession to Colonel Mawhood, deceased, returned to England in 1783.
The number of infantry regiments was again reduced in 1783, after the termination of hostilities with America, by the treaty of peace concluded at Paris on the 30th of November, 1782, and when peace had also been concluded with France, Spain, and Holland; the Seventy-second, or Royal Manchester Volunteers, was disbanded on the 9th of September, 1783.
3.—The disbandment of certain regiments after the conclusion of the general peace in 1783, occasioned an alteration in the numerical titles of certain regiments, which were retained on the reduced establishment of the army: the Seventy-third was directed to be numbered the Seventy-first Regiment; the Seventy-eighth to be numbered the Seventy-second Regiment; and the Second Battalion of the Forty-second to be constituted the Seventy-third Regiment. These corps had been raised in Scotland, in 1777, and denominated Highland Regiments.
They embarked for India in 1779 and 1781; the alterations took place in 1786 in their numerical titles, which were regulated by the dates at which they were placed on the establishment of the Army, viz.:—
71st late 73rd Highland Regiment on 19th December, 1777
72nd late 78th ” on 29th December, 1777
73rd late Second Battalion of the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment raised in 1779, and constituted the 73rd Regiment on the 18th April, 1786.
The details of the services of the present Seventy-second Regiment, or The Duke of Albany’s own Highlanders, are contained in the following pages; the histories of the 71st and 73rd Regiments are given in distinct numbers.
1848.