APPENDIX TO THE MARINE CORPS.

The following memoranda are appended to this narrative of the services of the Royal Marines, in order to show the relative positions in which the Marine regiments were placed, in respect to rank and precedence, with the regiments of Infantry, during the period the Marine regiments were borne on the establishment of the regular army, and the ground on which the present corps of Royal Marines have been authorised, when acting with the infantry of the line, to take their station next to the Forty-ninth regiment, according to the date of their formation in the year 1755, as shown in the following pages.

The rank of the several regiments of the British army was first regulated by a Board of General Officers assembled in the Netherlands, by command of King William III., on the 10th June, 1694.

Another Board of General Officers was assembled by order of Queen Anne, in 1713, to decide on the rank and precedence of regiments raised subsequently to 1694.

A third Board was assembled, by command of King George I., in 1715, for the same purpose.

These Boards recommended that English regiments raised in England, should take rank from the dates of their formation, and that English, Scots, and Irish regiments, raised for the service of a foreign power, should take rank from the dates of their being placed on the English establishment.

The Numerical Titles of regiments, as fixed on the principle laid down in the reports of the Boards of General Officers, above alluded to, were confirmed by the warrant issued by authority of King George II., dated 1st July, 1751,—and also by the warrant of King George III., dated 19th December, 1768, previously to which periods regiments were generally designated by the names of their Colonels.

1. The principle on which the Numerical Titles of regiments were fixed, having been thus established by Royal authority, the regiments of infantry which had been formed by King Charles II., on his Restoration to the Throne in 1660, and those which had been subsequently raised in the reigns of King James II. and of William III., were numbered according to the dates of being placed on the English establishment,—from the First, or Royal, regiment to the Twenty-seventh regiment.

2. The regiments of infantry, which had been added to the army in the reign of Queen Anne from the year 1702, and retained on the establishment after the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, commenced with the Twenty-eighth, and ended with the Thirty-ninth regiment.

3. The Fortieth regiment was formed in the year 1717, from independent companies in North America and the West Indies:—the command was conferred on Colonel Richard Philips.

4. The Forty-first regiment was formed from Invalids in 1719:—the command was conferred on Colonel Edmund Fielding.

5. The other regiments of infantry, raised by King George I. on the augmentation of the army in the year 1715, were disbanded in 1718, after the Monarchy, in the line of the House of Brunswick, had been established, and the Peace of the Kingdom restored.

6. The Forty-second Highland regiment was formed in the reign of King George II. from independent companies in Scotland, in the year 1739. It was originally termed “The Black Watch” and was placed on the establishment on the 25th October, 1739:—the command was conferred on Colonel James Earl of Crawford.[49]

7. The Forty-third regiment was raised for service in America, in the year 1740, by Colonel Andrew Spotswood, and afterwards commanded by Colonel W. Gooche. It was disbanded in 1743.

8. The Ten regiments of Marines raised in 1739 and 1740, were numbered from the 44th to the 53rd regiments, as shown in the following list, viz.:—

Marine
Regiments.		Names of the Colonels.Periods of
Formation,
&c.		Colour of
the Facing.		Precedence in
the Regiments
of Infantry
of the Line.
1stRegimentE. Wolfe1739Deep Yellow44th Foot.
””G. Keightley1745
””G. Churchill1745
2ndRegimentWm. Robinson1739Green45th Foot.
””Rt. Frazer1741
3rdRegimentAnthony Lowther1739Light Yellow46th Foot.
””R. Sowle1745
””H. Holmes1746
4thRegimentJ. Wynyard1739White47th Foot.
””Jas. Long1742
””Byng, afterwards Visct. Torrington1744
5thRegimentC. Douglas1739Primrose
Yellow		48th Foot.
””J. Grant1741
””S. Daniel1741
””Jas. Cochrane1741
6thRegimentHonble. Lucius Ducie Moreton1739Green Cuffs
Collar, and
Cap		49th Foot.
””J. Cotterell1741
””Honble. W. Herbert1747
””Jas. Laforey1747
7thRegimentH. Cornwall1740White50th Foot.
8thRegimentW. Hanmore1740Light Yellow51st Foot.
””J. Duncombe1742
””Lord G. Beauclerk1747
””Jas. Jordan1748
9thRegimentC. Powlett1740Buff52nd Foot.
10thRegimentJ. Jeffreys1740Deep Yellow53rd Foot.
””Sir Andrew Agnew1746

The above ten regiments were disbanded in November, 1748.

9. The following seven regiments were raised, and added to the establishment of the army, in January, 1741; and in consequence of the disbandment of Colonel Spotswood’s, afterwards Gooche’s, American Provincials, and also of the ten regiments of Marines, the numerical titles of six of these regiments were changed, after the peace of 1748, as specified in the following list; viz.:—

54thRegt.,com. by ColonelThomas Fowke,now the43rd Regt.
55th””James Long,”44th Regt.
56th””D. Houghton,”45th Regt.
57th””James Price,”46th Regt.
58th””J. Mordaunt,”47th Regt.
59th””J. Cholmondeley,”48th Regt.
60th””H. De Grangue, disbanded in 1748.

10. The Forty-ninth regiment was formed in the year 1743, of two companies of one of the regiments raised in the reign of Queen Anne, which had remained at Jamaica, and of six other companies formed in that colony. The command was given to Colonel Edward Trelawny, then Governor of Jamaica. It was retained on the establishment after the peace of 1748, and numbered the 49th regiment.

11. On the recommencement of hostilities with France in 1755, fifty companies of Marines were raised, under the direction and control of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. These companies were formed into three divisions, at the principal naval stations, Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham.[50] The Corps of Marines having been raised in 1755, and since that period retained on the establishment, as a branch of the permanent national force of Navy, Army, and Marines, have been authorised to rank, when acting with infantry of the line, next to the forty-ninth Regiment, as directed by His Majesty King George IV. in the following General Order, dated

“Horse-Guards, 30th March, 1820.

“In reference to the Regulations regarding Precedence of Regiments (as contained in page 10 of the General Regulations and Orders of the Army), His Majesty has been graciously pleased to command, that the Royal Marines, when acting with the Troops of the Line, shall take their station next to the forty-ninth Regiment.

“By Command of H. R. H. the Commander-in-Chief.
“Henry Torrens, Adjutant-General.”

12. In the year 1745 two regiments were raised for service in North America, by Colonel William Shirley and Colonel Sir William Pepperell. In 1754 they were numbered the 50th and 51st Regiments.

13. In December, 1755, eleven regiments were raised and added to the establishment of the army; and in consequence of the disbandment of Colonel Shirley’s and Sir William Pepperell’s regiments in 1757, the eleven regiments, above alluded to, were ranked two numbers higher in the list of regiments of infantry, as shown in the following list; viz.:—

52ndRegt.,com. by ColonelJames Abercrombynow the50th Regt.
53rd””Robt. Napier”51st Regt.
54th””H. Lambton”52nd Regt.
55th””W. Whitmore”53rd Regt.
56th””John Campbell”54th Regt.
57th””G. Perry”55th Regt.
58th””Lord C. Manners”56th Regt.
59th””John Arabin”57th Regt.
60th””Robt. Anstruther”58th Regt.
61st””Charles Montagu”59th Regt.
62nd Royal American, Col.
of four battalions,		The Earl of Loudon.”60th Regt.

14. In April, 1758, the Second Battalions of the fifteen regiments, undermentioned, were formed into distinct regiments, and numbered as shown in the following list; viz.:—

3rd Foot,2d Batt.,constd61st Regt.19th Foot,2d Batt.,constd66th Regt.
4th Foot,””62nd Regt.20th Foot,””67th Regt.
8th Foot,””63rd Regt.23rd Foot,””68th Regt.
11th Foot,””64th Regt.24th Foot,””69th Regt.
12th Foot,””65th Regt.31st Foot,””70th Regt.
TheSecondBattalion of the32ndwas constituted the71st Regt.
””33rd” ”72nd Regt.
””34th” ”73rd Regt.
””36th” ”74th Regt.
””37th” ”75th Regt.

After the peace of Fontainebleau, in 1763, reductions were made in the regular army, and the number of regiments of infantry was limited to Seventy. The above 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th Regiments were consequently disbanded in that year.

15. The number of regiments of infantry continued at Seventy, until the commencement of the American War in 1775, and the renewal of hostilities with France and Spain in 1779, when it was increased to One hundred and Five regiments, exclusive of Eleven unnumbered regiments, and thirty-six independent companies of Invalids.

16. After the General Peace in 1782 the number of regiments of infantry was again reduced.

17. In consequence of an increase of possessions in India, and of additional troops being necessary for the suppression of certain native powers, which were hostile to the British Government, additional corps were raised and embarked for the East Indies in 1779, and in subsequent years.

18. The present Seventy-first regiment was raised in December, 1777, and embarked for India in 1779. Its number was changed from 73rd to 71st regiment in 1786.

19. The present Seventy-second regiment was raised in December, 1777, and embarked for India in 1781. Its number was changed from 78th to 72nd regiment in 1786.

20. The Seventy-third regiment was raised as the second battalion of the forty-second (Highland) regiment, in 1777, and embarked for India in 1781. It was formed into a distinct regiment, and numbered the 73rd (Highland) in 1786.

21. The 74th (Highland), 75th (Highland), 76th, and 77th regiments were raised for service in India in October, 1787, and embarked for India in 1788.

22. The 78th (Highland), 79th (Highland), 80th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 85th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 89th, 90th, and 91st (Highland) regiments were raised in 1793, immediately after the commencement of the war with France, occasioned by the revolutionary and violent proceedings in that country in 1793.

23. The 92nd (Highland) and 93rd (Highland) regiments were raised and placed on the establishment of the army, the former on the 3rd May, 1796, and the latter on the 25th August, 1800.

24. The Scots Brigade was numbered the Ninety-fourth regiment on the 25th December, 1802. This corps had been formed in the year 1568, for service in Holland against the oppression of Spain. Being a British corps, its services were demanded from the United Provinces by King James II. on the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth in 1685, after the suppression of which it returned to Holland. It again embarked for England with the Prince of Orange at the Revolution in 1688. It remained in Great Britain until the Protestant cause had been established, and it re-embarked for Flanders in 1691, and served in the campaigns of King William III. It remained in the service of Holland until 1793, when it was decided by King George III., upon the application of the British officers remaining in it, to require the corps to return to Great Britain. It was taken on the British Establishment on the 5th July, 1793. It then consisted of Three battalions; in 1795 it was reduced to Two battalions, and embarked for Gibraltar. In 1796 it was formed into One battalion, and proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope. It embarked, in 1798, for the East Indies, from whence, after much distinguished service, it returned to England in 1808. It, embarked for Cadiz and Lisbon, and served with great credit in the Peninsular War, from January, 1810, to July, 1814. It was disbanded at Belfast on the 24th December, 1818.

25. The Rifle Corps, commanded by Colonel Coote Manningham, was formed and added to the establishment of the Army on the 25th August, 1800. On 25th December, 1802, it was directed to be numbered the Ninety-fifth regiment, but was taken out of the list of numbered regiments of infantry on the 6th February, 1816, and directed to be styled “The Rifle Brigade.” It then consisted of three battalions, which were distributed at the following stations, viz.:—

1st Battalion.—6 Companies with the Army of Occupation in France, and 4 Companies at Shorncliffe.

2nd Battalion.—6 Companies with the Army of Occupation in France, and 4 Companies at Shorncliffe.

3rd Battalion.—10 Companies at Dover. This Battalion embarked for Ireland in March, 1816. It was disbanded at Birr on the 24th of November, 1818.

26. The present 94th, 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, and 99th regiments were added to the establishment of the Army in the early part of the year 1824, in consequence of the increased number of the colonial possessions of the British Empire.