THE TABLE.


[BOOK I.]


[CHAPTER I.]

History of the first attempts to settle Virginia, before the discovery of Chesapeake bay.

PAGE.
§1.Sir Walter Raleigh obtains letters patent, for making discoveries in America,[8]
2.Two ships set out on the discovery, and arrive at Roanoke inlet,[9]
Their account of the country,[9]
thier account of the natives,[9]
3.Queen Elizabeth names the country of Virginia,[10]
4.Sir Richard Greenvile's voyage,[10]
He plans the first colony, under command of Mr. Ralph Lane,[11]
5.The discoveries and accidents of the first colony,[11]
6.Their distress by want of provisions,[12]
Sir Francis Drake visits them,[12]
He gives them a ship and necessaries,[12]
He takes them away with him,[12]
7.Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Richard Greenvile, their voyages,[13]
The second settlement made,[13]
8.Mr. John White's expedition,[13]
The first Indian made a Christian there,[14]
The first child born there of Christian parentage,[14]
Third settlement, incorporated by the name of the city of Raleigh, in Virginia,[14]
Mr. White, their governor, sent home to solicit for supplies,[14]
9.John White's second voyage; last attempts to carry them recruits,[14]
His disappointment,[15]
10.Capt. Gosnell's voyage to the coast of Cape Cod,[15]
11.The Bristol voyages,[16]
12.A London voyage, which discovered New York,[16]

[CHAPTER II.]

Discovery of Chesapeake bay by the corporation of London adventurers; their colony at Jamestown, and proceedings during the government by an elective president and council.

§13.The companies of London and Plymouth obtain charters,[18]
14.Captain Smith first discovers the capes of Virginia,[19]
15.He plants his first colony at Jamestown,[20]
An account of Jamestown island,[20]
16.He sends the ships home, retaining one hundred and eight men to keep possession,[20]
17.That colony's mismanagement,[21]
Their misfortunes upon discovery of a supposed gold mine,[21]
18.Their first supplies after settlement,[22]
Their discoveries, and experiments in English grain,[22]
An attempt of some to desert the colony,[22]
19.The first Christian marriage in that colony,[23]
They make three plantations more,[23]

[CHAPTER III.]

History of the colony after the change of their government, from an elective president to a commissionated governor, until the dissolution of the company.

§20.The company get a new grant, and the nomination of the governors in themselves,[24]
They send three governors in equal degree,[24]
All three going in one ship, are shipwrecked at Bermudas,[24]
They build there two small cedar vessels,[24]
21.Captain Smith's return to England,[25]
Mismanagements ruin the colony,[25]
The first massacre and starving time,[25]
The first occasion of the ill character of Virginia,[26]
The five hundred men left by Captain Smith reduced to sixty in six months time,[26]
22.The three governors sail from Bermudas, and arrive at Virginia,[26]
23.They take off the Christians that remained there, and design, by way of Newfoundland, to return to England,[27]
Lord Delaware arrives and turns them back,[27]
24.Sir Thomas Dale arrives governor, with supplies,[27]
25.Sir Thomas Gates arrives governor,[28]
He plants out a new plantation,[28]
26.Pocahontas made prisoner, and married to Mr. Rolfe,[28]
27.Peace with the Indians,[28]
28.Pocahontas brought to England by Sir Thomas Dale,[29]
29.Captain Smith's petition to the queen in her behalf,[29]
30.His visit to Pocahontas,[32]
An Indian's account of the people of England,[32]
31.Pocahontas' reception at court, and death,[33]
32.Captain Yardley's government,[34]
33.Governor Argall's good administration,[34]
34.Powhatan's death, and successors,[34]
Peace renewed by the successors,[34]
35.Captain Argall's voyage from Virginia to New England,[35]
36.He defeats the French northward of New England,[35]
37.An account of those French,[36]
38.He also defeats the French in Acadia,[36]
39.His return to England,[36]
Sir George Yardley, governor,[36]
40.He resettles the deserted plantation, and held the first assembly,[36]
The method of that assembly,[37]
41.The first negroes carried to Virginia,[37]
42.Land apportioned to adventurers,[37]
43.A salt work and iron work in Virginia,[38]
44.Sir Francis Wyat made governor,[38]
King James, his instructions in care of tobacco,[38]
Captain Newport's plantation,[38]
45.Inferior courts in each plantation,[39]
Too much familiarity with the Indians,[39]
46.The massacre by the Indians, anno 1622,[39]
47.The discovery and prevention of it at Jamestown,[40]
48.The occasion of the massacre,[41]
49.A plot to destroy the Indians,[42]
50.The discouraging effects of the massacre,[43]
51.The corporation in England are the chief cause of misfortunes in Virginia,[43]
52.The company dissolved, and the colony taken into the king's hands,[44]

[CHAPTER IV.]

History of the government, from the dissolution of the company to the year 1707.

§53.King Charles First establishes the constitution of government, in the methods appointed by the first assembly,[45]
54.The ground of the ill settlement of Virginia,[45]
55.Lord Baltimore in Virginia,[46]
56.Lord Baltimore, proprietor of Maryland,[46]
Maryland named from the queen,[46]
57.Young Lord Baltimore seats Maryland,[46]
Misfortune to Virginia, by making Maryland a distinct government,[47]
58.Great grants and defalcations from Virginia,[47]
59.Governor Harvey sent prisoner to England, and by the king remanded back governor again,[47]
60.The last Indian massacre,[48]
61.A character and account of Oppechancanough, the Indian emperor,[48]
62.Sir William Berkeley made governor,[49]
63.He takes Oppechancanough prisoner,[49]
Oppechancanough's death,[50]
64.A new peace with the Indians, but the country disturbed by the troubles in England,[50]
65.Virginia subdued by the protector, Cromwell,[50]
66.He binds the plantations by an act of navigation,[51]
67.His jealousy and change of governors in Virginia,[51]
68.Upon the death of Matthews, the protector's governor, Sir William Berkeley is chosen by the people,[52]
69.He proclaims King Charles II before he was proclaimed in England,[52]
70.King Charles II renews Sir William Berkeley's commission,[52]
71.Sir William Berkeley makes Colonel Morrison deputy governor, and goes to England,[53]
The king renews the act concerning the plantation,[53]
72.The laws revised,[53]
The church of England established by law,[53]
73.Clergy provided for by law,[53]
74.The public charge of the government sustained by law,[53]
75.Encouragement of particular manufactures by law,[54]
76.The instruction for all ships to enter at Jamestown, used by law,[54]
77.Indian affairs settled by law,[54]
78.Jamestown encouraged by law,[54]
79.Restraints upon sectaries in religion,[55]
80.A plot to subvert the government,[55]
81.The defeat of the plot,[55]
82.An anniversary feast upon that occasion,[56]
83.The king commands the building a fort at Jamestown,[56]
84.A new restraint on the plantations by act of parliament,[56]
85.Endeavors for a stint in planting tobacco,[56]
86.Another endeavor at a stint defeated,[57]
87.The king sent instructions to build forts, and confine the trade to certain ports,[57]
88.The disappointment of those ports,[58]
89.Encouragement of manufactures enlarged,[58]
90.An attempt to discovery the country backward,[59]
Captain Batt's relation of that discovery,[59]
91.Sir William Berkeley intends to prosecute that discovery in person,[60]
92.The grounds of Bacon's rebellion,[60]
Four ingredients thereto,[61]
93.First, the low price of tobacco,[61]
Second, splitting the country into proprieties,[61]
The country send agents, to complain of the propriety grants,[61]
94.Third, new duties by act in England on the plantations,[62]
95.Fourth, disturbances on the land frontiers by the Indians,[62]
First, by the Indians on the head of the bay,[62]
Second, by the Indians on their own frontiers,[63]
96.The people rise against the Indians,[63]
They choose Nathan Bacon, Jr., for their leader,[63]
97.He heads them, and sends to the governor for a commission,[64]
98.He begins his march without a commission,[64]
The governor sends for him,[65]
99.Bacon goes down in a sloop with forty of his men to the governor,[65]
100.Goes away in a huff, is pursued and brought back by governor,[65]
101.Bacon steals privately out of town, and marches down to the assembly with six hundred of his volunteers,[65]
102.The governor, by advice of assembly, signs a commission to Mr. Bacon to be general,[66]
103.Bacon being marched away with his men is proclaimed rebel,[66]
104.Bacon returns with his forces to Jamestown,[66]
105.The governor flies to Accomac,[66]
The people there begin to make terms with him,[67]
106.Bacon holds a convention of gentlemen,[67]
They propose to take an oath to him,[67]
107.The forms of the oath,[67]
108.The governor makes head against him,[69]
General Bacon's death,[69]
109.Bacon's followers surrender upon articles,[69]
110.The agents compound with the proprietors,[69]
111.A new charter to Virginia,[70]
112.Soldiers arrive from England,[70]
113.The dissolution by Bacon's rebellion,[70]
114.Commissioners arrive in Virginia, and Sir William Berkeley returns to England,[71]
115.Herbert Jeffreys, esq., governor, concludes peace with Indians,[71]
116.Sir Henry Chicheley, deputy governor, builds forts against Indians,[71]
The assembly prohibited the importation of tobacco,[72]
117.Lord Colepepper, governor,[72]
118.Lord Colepepper's first assembly,[72]
He passes several obliging acts to the country,[72]
119.He doubles the governor's salary,[72]
120.He imposes the perquisite of ship money,[73]
121.He, by proclamation, raises the value of Spanish coins, and lowers it again,[73]
122.Sir Henry Chicheley, deputy governor,[74]
The plant cutting,[74]
123.Lord Colepepper's second assembly,[75]
He takes away appeals to the assembly,[75]
124.His advantage thereby in the propriety of the Northern Neck,[76]
125.He retrenches the new methods of court proceedings,[77]
126.He dismantled the forts on the heads of rivers, and appointed rangers in their stead,[77]
127.Secretary Spencer, president,[77]
128.Lord Effingham, governor,[77]
Some of his extraordinary methods of getting money,[77]
Complaints against him,[78]
129.Duty on liquors first raised,[78]
130.Court of Chancery by Lord Effingham,[78]
131.Colonel Bacon, president,[79]
The college designed,[79]
132.Francis Nicholson, lieutenant governor,[79]
He studies popularity,[79]
The college proposed to him,[79]
He refuses to call an assembly,[79]
133.He grants a brief to the college,[79]
134.The assembly address King William and Queen Mary for a college charter,[80]
The education intended by this college,[80]
The assembly present the lieutenant governor,[80]
His method of securing this present,[80]
135.Their majesties grant the charter,[80]
They grant liberally towards the building and endowing of it,[80]
136.The lieutenant governor encourages towns and manufactures,[80]
Gentlemen of the council complain of him and are misused,[81]
He falls off from the encouragement of the towns and trade,[81]
137.Edmund Andros, governor,[81]
The town law suspended,[81]
138.The project of a post office,[81]
139.The college charter arrived,[81]
The college further endowed, and the foundation laid,[82]
140.Sir Edmund Andros encourages manufactures, and regulates the secretary's office,[82]
141.A child born in the old age of the parents,[83]
142.Francis Nicholson, governor,[83]
His and Colonel Quarrey's memorials against plantations,[84]
143.His zeal for the church and college,[84]
144.He removes the general court from Jamestown,[84]
145.The taking of the pirate,[84]
146.The sham bills of nine hundred pounds for New York,[86]
147.Colonel Quarrey's unjust memorials,[87]
148.Governor Nott arrived,[88]
149.Revisal of the law finished,[88]
150.Ports and towns again set on foot,[88]
151.Slaves a real estate,[88]
152.A house built for the governor,[88]
Governor dies, and the college burnt,[88]
153.Edmond Jennings, esq., president,[89]
154.Alexander Spotswood, lieutenant governor,[89]

[BOOK II.]

Natural Productions and Conveniences of Virginia in its unimproved state, before the English went thither.

[CHAPTER I.]

Bounds and Coast of Virginia.

§1.Present bounds of Virginia,[90]
2.Chesapeake bay, and the sea coast of Virginia,[91]
3.What is meant by the word Virginia in this book,[91]

[CHAPTER II.]

Of the Waters.

§4.Conveniency of the bay and rivers,[93]
5.Springs and fountains descending to the rivers,[93]
6.Damage to vessels by the worm,[94]
Ways of avoiding that damage,[94]

[CHAPTER III.]

Earths, and Soils.

§7.The soil in general,[96]
River lands—lower, middle and upper,[96]
8.Earths and clays,[98]
Coal, slate and stone, and why not used,[98]
9.Minerals therein, and iron mine formerly wrought upon,[98]
Supposed gold mines lately discovered,[99]
That this gold mine was the supreme seat of the Indian temples formerly,[99]
That their chief altar was there also,[99]
Mr. Whitaker's account of a silver mine,[99]
10.Hills in Virginia,[100]
Springs in the high lands,[101]

[CHAPTER IV.]

Wild Fruits.

§11.Spontaneous fruits in general,[102]
12.Stoned fruits, viz: cherries, plums and persimmons,[102]
13.Berries, viz: mulberries, currants, hurts, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries,[103]
14.Of nuts,[104]
15.Of grapes,[105]
The report of some French vignerons formerly sent in thither,[107]
16.Honey, and the sugar trees,[107]
17.Myrtle tree, and myrtle wax,[108]
Hops growing wild,[109]
18.Great variety of seeds, plants and flowers,[109]
Two snake roots,[109]
Jamestown weed,[110]
Some curious flowers,[111]
19.Creeping vines bearing fruits, viz: melons, pompions, macocks, gourds, maracocks, and cushaws,[112]
20.Other fruits, roots and plants of the Indians,[114]
Several sorts of Indian corn,[114]
Of potatoes,[115]
Tobacco, as it was ordered by the Indians,[116]

[CHAPTER V.]

Fish.

§21.Great plenty and variety of fish,[117]
Vast shoals of herrings, shad, &c.,[117]
22.Continuality of the fishery,[118]
The names of some of the best edible fish,[118]
The names of some that are not eaten,[118]
23.Indian children catching fish,[118]
Several inventions of the Indians to take fish,[119]
24.Fishing hawks and bald eagles,[121]
Fish dropped in the orchard,[121]

[CHAPTER VI.]

Wild Fowl and Hunted Game.

§25.Wild Water Fowl,[123]
26.Game in the marshes and watery grounds,[123]
27.Game in the highlands and frontiers,[123]
Of the Opossum,[124]
28.Some Indian ways of hunting,[124]
Fire hunting,[124]
Their hunting quarters,[125]
29.Conclusion,[126]

[BOOK III.]

Indians, their Religion, Laws and Customs, in War and Peace.

[CHAPTER I.]

Persons of the Indians, and their Dress.

§1.Persons of the Indians, their color and shape,[127]
2.The cut of their hair, and ornament of their head,[128]
3.Of their vesture,[128]
4.Garb peculiar to their priests and conjurors,[130]
5.Of the women's dress,[131]

[CHAPTER II.]

Matrimony of the Indians, and Management of their Children.

§6.Conditions of their marriage,[133]
7.Maidens, and the story of their prostitution,[133]
8.Management of the young children,[134]

[CHAPTER III.]

Towns, Building and Fortification of the Indians.

§9.Towns and kingdoms of the Indians,[135]
10.Manner of their building,[135]
11.Their fuel, or firewood,[136]
12.Their seats and lodging,[136]
13.Their fortifications,[136]

[CHAPTER IV.]

Cookery and Food of the Indians.

§14.Their cookery,[138]
15.Their several sorts of food,[139]
16.Their times of eating,[140]
17.Their drink,[140]
18.Their ways of dining,[141]

[CHAPTER V.]

Traveling, Reception and entertainment of the Indians.

§19.Manner of their traveling, and provision they make for it,[142]
Their way of concealing their course,[142]
20.Manner of their reception of strangers,[143]
The pipe of peace,[143]
21.Their entertainment of honorable friends,[145]

[CHAPTER VI.]

Learning and Languages of the Indians.

§22.That they are without letters,[147]
Their descriptions by hieroglyphics,[147]
Heraldry and arms of the Indians,[147]
23.That they have different languages,[148]
Their general language,[148]

[CHAPTER VII.]

War and Peace of the Indians.

§24.Their consultations and war dances,[149]
25.Their barbarity upon a victory,[149]
26.Descent of the crown,[150]
27.Their triumphs for victory,[150]
28.Their treaties of peace, and ceremonies upon conclusion of peace,[151]

[CHAPTER VIII.]

Religion, Worship and Superstitious Customs of the Indians.

§29.Their quioccassan and idol of worship,[152]
30.Their notions of God, and worshiping the evil spirit,[155]
31.Their pawwawing or conjurations,[157]
32.Their huskanawing,[160]
33.Reasons of this custom,[164]
34.Their offerings and sacrifice,[165]
35.Their set feasts,[165]
36.Their account of time,[165]
37.Their superstition and zealotry,[166]
38.Their regard to the priests and magicians,[167]
39.Places of their worship and sacrifice,[168]
Their pawcorances or altar stones,[168]
40.Their care of the bodies of their princes after death,[169]

[CHAPTER IX.]

Diseases and Cures of the Indians.

§41.Their diseases in general, and burning for cure,[171]
Their sucking, scarifying and blistering,[171]
Priests' secrecy in the virtues of plants,[171]
Words wisoccan, wighsacan and woghsacan,[172]
Their physic, and the method of it,[172]
42.Their bagnios or baths,[172]
Their oiling after sweating,[173]

[CHAPTER X.]

Sports and Pastimes of the Indians.

§43.Their sports and pastimes in general,[175]
Their singing,[175]
Their dancing,[175]
A mask used among them,[176]
Their musical instruments,[177]

[CHAPTER XI.]

Laws, and Authorities of the Indians among one another.

§44.Their laws in general,[178]
Their severity and ill manners,[178]
Their implacable resentments,[179]
45.Their honors, preferments and authorities,[179]
Authority of the priests and conjurers,[179]
Servants or black boys,[179]

[CHAPTER XII.]

Treasure or Riches of the Indians.

§46.Indian money and goods,[180]

[CHAPTER XIII.]

Handicrafts of the Indians.

§47.Their lesser crafts, as making bows and arrows,[182]
48.Their making canoes,[182]
Their clearing woodland ground,[183]
49.Account of the tributary Indians,[185]

[BOOK IV.]

Present State of Virginia.

[PART I.]

Polity and Government.

[CHAPTER I.]

Constitution of Government in Virginia.

§1.Constitution of government in general,[186]
2.Governor, his authority and salary,[188]
3.Council and their authority,[189]
4.House of burgesses,[190]

[CHAPTER II.]

Sub-Divisions of Virginia.

§5.Division of the country,[192]
6.Division of the country by necks of land, counties and parishes,[192]
7.Division of the country by districts for trade by navigation,[194]

[CHAPTER III.]

Public Offices of Government.

§8.General officers as are immediately commissionated from the throne,[196]
Auditor, Receiver General and Secretary,[196]
Salaries of those officers,[197]
9.Other general officers,[197]
Ecclesiastical commissary and country's treasurer,[197]
10.Other public officers by commission,[197]
Escheators,[197]
Naval officers and collectors,[198]
Clerks and sheriffs,[198]
Surveyors of land and coroners,[199]
11.Other officers without commission,[199]

[CHAPTER IV.]

Standing Revenues or Public Funds.

§12.Public funds in general,[200]
13.Quit rent fund,[200]
14.Funds for maintenance of the government,[201]
15.Funds for extraordinary occasions, under the disposition of the assembly,[201]
16.Revenue granted by the act of assembly to the college,[202]
17.Revenue raised by act of parliament in England from the trade there,[202]

[CHAPTER V.]

Levies for Payment of the Public, County and Parish Debts.

§18.Several ways of raising money,[203]
Titheables,[203]
19.Public levy,[203]
20.County levy,[204]
21.Parish levy,[204]

[CHAPTER VI.]

Courts of Law in Virginia.

§22.Constitution of their courts,[205]
23.Several sorts of courts among them,[206]
24.General court in particular, and its jurisdiction,[206]
25.Times of holding a general court,[206]
26.Officers attending this court,[206]
27.Trials by juries and empannelling grand juries,[207]
28.Trial of criminals,[207]
29.Time of suits,[208]
30.Lawyers and pleadings,[208]
31.County courts,[208]
32.Orphans' courts,[209]

[CHAPTER VII.]

Church and Church Affairs.

§33.Parishes,[210]
34.Churches and chapels in each parish,[210]
35.Religion of the country,[210]
36.Benefices of the clergy,[210]
37.Disposition of parochial affairs,[211]
38.Probates, administrations, and marriage licenses,[212]
39.Induction of ministers, and precariousness of their livings,[213]

[CHAPTER VIII.]

Concerning the College.

§40.College endowments,[214]
41.The college a corporation,[214]
42.Governors and visitors of the college in perpetual succession,[215]
43.College buildings,[215]
44.Boys and schooling,[215]

[CHAPTER IX.]

Military Strength in Virginia.

§45.Forts and fortifications,[217]
46.Listed militia,[217]
47.Number of the militia,[217]
48.Service of the militia,[218]
49.Other particulars of the troops and companies,[218]

[CHAPTER X.]

Servants and Slaves.

§50.Distinction between a servant and a slave,[219]
51.Work of their servants and slaves,[219]
52.Laws in favor of servants,[220]

[CHAPTER XI.]

Provision for the Poor, and other Public Charitable Works.

§53.Legacy to the poor,[223]
54.Parish methods in maintaining their poor,[223]
55.Free schools, and schooling of children,[224]

[CHAPTER XII.]

Tenure of Lands and Grants.

§56.Tenure and patents of their lands,[225]
57.Several ways of acquiring grants of land,[225]
58.Rights to land,[225]
59.Patents upon survey,[225]
60.Grants of lapsed land,[226]
61.Grants of escheat land,[227]

[CHAPTER XIII.]

Liberties and Naturalization of Aliens.

§62.Naturalizations,[228]
63.French refugees at the Manican town,[228]

[CHAPTER XIV.]

Currency and Valuation of Coins.

§64.Coins current among them, what rates, and why carried from among them to the neighboring plantations,[230]

[PART II.]

Husbandry and Improvements.

[CHAPTER XV.]

People, Inhabitants of Virginia.

§65.First peopling of Virginia,[231]
66.First accession of wives to Virginia,[231]
67.Other ways by which the country was increased in people,[232]

[CHAPTER XVI.]

Buildings in Virginia.

§68.Public buildings,[234]
69.Private buildings,[235]

[CHAPTER XVII.]

Edibles, Potables and Fuel.

§70.Cookery,[236]
71.Flesh and fish,[236]
72.Bread,[237]
73.Their kitchen gardens,[237]
74.Their drinks,[238]
75.Their fuel,[238]

[CHAPTER XVIII.]

Clothing in Virginia.

§76.Clothing,[239]
Slothfulness in handicrafts,[239]

[CHAPTER XIX.]

Temperature of the Climate, and the Inconveniences attending it.

§77.Natural temper and mixture of the air,[240]
78.Climate and happy situation of the latitude,[240]
79.Occasions of its ill character,[241]
Rural pleasures,[241]
80.Annoyances, or occasions of uneasiness,[243]
Thunders,[243]
Heat,[243]
Troublesome insects,[243]
81.Winters,[250]
Sudden changes of the weather,[251]

[CHAPTER XX.]

Diseases incident to the Country.

§82.Diseases in general,[252]
83.Seasoning,[253]
84.Cachexia and yaws,[253]
85.Gripes,[253]

[CHAPTER XXI.]

Recreations and Pastimes in Virginia.

§86.Diversions in general,[254]
87.Deer-hunting,[254]
88.Hare-hunting,[254]
89.Vermin-hunting,[255]
90.Taking wild turkies,[256]
91.Fishing,[256]
92.Small game,[256]
93.Beaver,[256]
94.Horse-hunting,[257]
95.Hospitality,[258]

[CHAPTER XXII.]

Natural Product of Virginia, and the Advantages of Husbandry.

§96.Fruits,[259]
97.Grain,[261]
98.Linen, silk and cotton,[261]
99.Bees and cattle,[262]
100.Usefulness of the woods,[263]
101.Indolence of the inhabitants,[263]