FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Century, December, 1881, Vol. XXIII, pp. 189-200.

[2] See the article by Mr. F. J. Furnivall in the Pall Mall Gazette for April, 1890.

[3] The first production of [Pippa Passes] was given in Copley Hall, Boston, in 1899, with an arrangement in six scenes by Miss Helen A. Clarke. The Return of the Druses was arranged and presented by Miss Charlotte Porter in 1902 and was a dramatic success. A Blot in the 'Scutcheon was brought out by Macready, with Phelps in the chief part and with Miss Helen Faucit as Mildred. It was played to crowded houses and received much applause. It was revived by Phelps at Sadler's Wells in 1848; and by the Browning Society in 1885 at St. George's Hall, London. In the winter of that year the play was given in Washington by Lawrence Barrett. It has also within a few years been admirably presented by Mrs. Lemoyne in New York and elsewhere. Colombe's Birthday, which was published in 1844, was not put upon the stage till 1853, when it was performed at the Haymarket Theater in London with Lady Martin (Helen Faucit) as Colombe. It was performed in Boston in 1854 and enthusiastically received. It was revived in 1885 with Miss Alma Murray as Colombe, when it was commented on as being "charming on the boards, clearer, more direct in action, more picturesque, more full of delicate surprises than one imagines it in print." It was also successfully produced at McVicker's Theater, Chicago, in November, 1894, with Miss Marlowe as Colombe.

[4] An interesting corroboration of Mrs. Browning's words is found in the fact that the 1868 edition of Browning's works, by Smith Elder and Co., was reprinted as Numbers 1-19 of the Official Guide of the Chicago and Alton R. R., and Monthly Reprint and Advertiser, edited by Mr. James Charlton. A copy is in the British Museum. The reprint appeared in 1872-1874. See Mrs. Orr's bibliography.

[5] A particularly interesting dramatic event was Mrs. Lemoyne's presentation of In a Balcony at Wallack's Theater, New York, in the autumn of 1900. Mrs. Lemoyne was the Queen, Otis Skinner was Norbet, and Eleanor Robson was Constance. See The Bookman, 12, 387.

[6] Mrs. Bronson has given a vivid picture of the Brownings at Asolo and at Venice in the Century Magazine for 1900 and 1902.

[7] See Miss E. M. Clark in Poet-Lore, Volume II. page 480 (1890).

[8] Poet-Lore, Volume II. page 246 (1890).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The great number of books and articles on Browning and his work is shown by the Bibliography of Biography and Criticism prepared by John P. Anderson of the British Museum and printed in William Sharp's [Life of Robert Browning]. The selection to be given here can hardly more than suggest this large amount of material.

The 1888-9 edition of Browning's Works by Smith, Elder and Company incorporates Browning's last revisions and his own punctuation. The Macmillan edition in nine volumes in 1894 reproduces this text.

For biographical material important books are:

[The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett 1845-1846], two volumes, 1902, Harper Brothers.

The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Edited with Biographical Additions by Frederic G. Kenyon. Macmillan, 1897. (Two volumes in one, 1899.)

[The Life and Letters of Robert Browning] by Mrs. A. Sutherland Orr in 1891. A new edition, revised and in part rewritten by Mr. Frederick G. Kenyon, was brought out by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in 1908. Mrs. Orr and Mr. Kenyon were both friends of Browning and could speak with authority on many details of his life.

Robert Browning, Personalia, by Edmund Gosse. Houghton Mifflin and Company, 1890. This book consists of a reprint of two articles, one from The Century Magazine on "The Early Career of Robert Browning," and one from The New Review entitled "Personal Impressions." These articles are of exceptional interest because Mr. Gosse lived near Mr. Browning at Warwick Crescent and they were on terms of close friendship. In Critical Kit-Kats, 1896, Mr. Gosse gives the story of Sonnets from the Portuguese.

Robert Browning. In Bookman Biographies, edited by W. Robertson Nicholl. Hodder and Stoughton, London. Many interesting illustrations.

The Century Magazine for 1900 and 1902 gives Mrs. Bronson's account of Browning at Asolo and at Venice.

For general handbooks see:

The Browning Cyclopædia. Edward Berdoe, Macmillan, 1902. Elaborate analysis of each poem. Many textual notes. Interpretations often involved and far-fetched to the point of being untenable.

[Handbook of Robert Browning's Works]. Mrs. A. Sutherland Orr. First edition, 1885; sixth edition, 1891. Republished by Bell and Sons, London, 1902. Explanatory analysis of each poem. Edition of 1902 contains complete bibliography of Browning's works. Written at the request of the London Browning Society.

For criticism see, as books varying widely in point of view and scope, but each of distinct interest:

[An Introduction to the Study of Robert Browning's Poetry]. Hiram Corson. Boston, 1886.

[An Introduction to the Study of Browning]. Arthur Symons. London, Cassell and Company, 1886.

[Life of Robert Browning]. William Sharp. Walter Scott and Company, London, 1897.

[The Poetry of Robert Browning]. Stopford A. Brooke. Crowell and Company, 1902.

[Robert Browning]. G. K. Chesterton. Macmillan, 1903.

[Robert Browning]. C. H. Herford. Dodd, Mead and Company, 1905.

Interpretations of Poetry and Religion, by George Santayana, Scribners, 1900, contains an interesting presentation of Browning's work in a chapter entitled "The Poetry of Barbarism."

Browning Study Programmes by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke, Crowell and Company, 1900, is a series of studies on separate poems or on groups of poems. Often very suggestive and helpful. In Poet-Lore, edited by Miss Clarke and Miss Porter, are, passim, many other valuable studies and notes on Browning. The Camberwell edition of Browning's poems, edited by Miss Clarke and Miss Porter with excellent annotations, was published by Crowell and Company in 1898.

The London Browning Society's Papers and The Boston Browning Society's Papers contain much valuable material on separate poems or on various phases of Browning's life and work.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

May 7,1812.Robert Browning born in Camberwell, London.
1824.Incondita ready for publication.
1825.Shelley and Keats read.
1826.Left Mr. Ready's school.
1833.Pauline published anonymously.
1833-4.Travels in Russia and Italy.
1835.Paracelsus.
1837.Strafford. Acted May 1, 1837, Covent Garden.
1840.Sordello.
1841-6.Bells and Pomegranates.
1841.No. I. [Pippa Passes].
1842.No. II. King Victor and King Charles.
1842.No. III. Dramatic Lyrics.
1843.No. IV. The Return of the Druses.
1843.No. V. A Blot in the 'Scutcheon. Acted Feb. 11, 1843, Drury Lane.
1844.No. VI. Colombe's Birthday. Acted April 25, 1853, Haymarket.
1845.No. VII. Dramatic Romances and Lyrics.
1846.No. VIII. Luria and A Soul's Tragedy.
Jan. 10,1845.Correspondence between Mr. Browning and Miss Barrett begun.
May 20,1845.Their first meeting.
Sept. 12,1846.Their marriage at Marylebone Church, London.
Oct.1846.to April, 1847. In Pisa.
April 20,1847.Arrival at Florence.
May1848.Settled in permanent home at Casa Guidi.
1849.Poems by Robert Browning. Two volumes.
March 9,1849.Birth of Wiedemann (or "Penini") Browning.
March1849.Death of Browning's mother.
1850.Christmas Eve and Easter Day.
June1851.Mrs. Browning's Casa Guidi Windows.
1852.Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley. With an introductory essay by Robert Browning.
1855.Men and Women. In two volumes.
Oct.1856.Mrs. Browning's Aurora Leigh.
June1860.Browning found the "Yellow Book."
June 29,1861.Mrs. Browning died. She was buried in Florence.
July1861.Browning left Florence.
1862.Established himself at 19 Warwick Crescent, London, where he lived twenty-five years.
1863.The Poetical Works of Robert Browning. In three volumes. Chapman and Hall.
1863.Selections from the Poetical Works of Robert Browning. [Editors, B.W. Proctor and John Forster.]
1864.Dramatis Personæ.
1866.Browning's father died and Sarianna came to live with her brother.
1868.The Poetical Works of Robert Browning. In six volumes. Smith, Elder and Company.
1868-9.The Ring and the Book. In four volumes.
1871.Balaustion's Adventure.
1871.Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society.
1872.Fifine at the Fair.
1873.Red Cotton Night-Cap Country.
1875.Aristophanes' Apology.
1875.The Inn Album.
July1876.Pacchiarotto and How He Worked in Distemper.
1877.The Agamemnon of Æschylus translated.
1878.La Saisiaz; The Two Poets of Croisic.
Aug.1878.Browning first revisited Italy.
1879.Dramatic Idyls.
1880.Dramatic Idyls. Second Series.
1881.The London Browning Society established.
1883.Jocoseria.
1884.Ferishtah's Fancies.
1887.Browning moved to De Vere Gardens.
1887.Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert Browning. Riverside edition: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
1888-9.The Poetical Works Works of Robert Browning. In sixteen volumes. Smith, Elder and Company. [All the works collected by the author except Asolando.]
Dec. 12,1889.Asolando.
Dec. 12,1889.Robert Browning died in the Palazzo Rezzonica, his son's home in Venice.
Dec. 31,1889.Buried in Westminster Abbey.

SELECTIONS
FROM THE
POEMS AND PLAYS
OF
Robert Browning